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Journal articles on the topic 'The Post (Zambia)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Larmer, Miles. "“If We are Still Here Next Year”: Zambian Historical Research in the Context of Decline, 2002–2003." History in Africa 31 (2004): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003466.

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This paper addresses the challenges facing researchers seeking to explore the post-colonial history of Zambia, a country whose social infrastructure in general, and academic and research facilities in particular, are in a state of apparently perpetual decline. It describes some of the major archival resources available and their (significant) limitations. It surveys recent and ongoing attempts to document the history of nationalist movements and leaders. Finally, it explores the potential for developing a history of post-colonial Zambia which escapes the assumptions of a still dominant nationalist historiography, and which thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of the lives actually lived by Zambians since Independence.The tendency for colonial and post-colonial governments and their advisors to seek to depoliticize issues of power, inequality and control, by turning them into “technical” or developmental issues, has been noted by historians and anthropologists. The historiography of post-colonial Zambia is a prime example of the conflation of history with development, creating a discourse that assesses historical change by the achievement of supposedly neutral development goals, and conflates the ideologies and policies of nationalist politicians with those of the nation as a whole. The relatively benign judgments passed by prominent historians of the colonial era in their postscript surveys of the government of Kenneth Kaunda's United National Independence Party (UNIP) in Zambia's First Republic (1964-72) have retained an unwarranted influence. This is partly because of the dearth of post-colonial historical studies of equal importance conducted during the last 20 years. UNIP's leading historian, Henry Meebelo, while providing valuable insights into the African perspective on decolonization, played a leading role in establishing nationalism as the unquestioned norm of progressive understanding, axiomatically placing all social forces which came into conflict with it as reactionary and illegitimate.

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Klinken, Adriaan van. "Homosexuality, Politics and Pentecostal Nationalism in Zambia." Studies in World Christianity 20, no. 3 (December 2014): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2014.0095.

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Building upon debates about the politics of nationalism and sexuality in post-colonial Africa, this article highlights the role of religion in shaping nationalist ideologies that seek to regulate homosexuality. It specifically focuses on Pentecostal Christianity in Zambia, where the constitutional declaration of Zambia as a Christian nation has given rise to a form of ‘Pentecostal nationalism’ in which homosexuality is considered to be a threat to the purity of the nation and is associated with the Devil. The article offers an analysis of recent Zambian public debates about homosexuality, focusing on the ways in which the ‘Christian nation’ argument is deployed, primarily in a discourse of anti-homonationalism, but also by a few recent dissident voices. The latter prevent Zambia, and Christianity, from accruing a monolithic depiction as homophobic. Showing that the Zambian case presents a mobilisation against homosexuality that is profoundly shaped by the local configuration in which Christianity defines national identity – and in which Pentecostal-Christian moral concerns and theo-political imaginations shape public debates and politics – the article nuances arguments that explain African controversies regarding homosexuality in terms of exported American culture wars, proposing an alternative reading of these controversies as emerging from conflicting visions of modernity in Africa.1

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Olowu, Adekunle, Rabson Kachala, Oluwadamilola Bamigbade, Omotinuolawa Olowu, and Faith Chibeza. "Comparative Analysis of Rural Health Demographics in 2 East African Communities During Medical Camps: Volunteers’ Perspectives’." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211035095.

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Malawian and Zambian governments have made efforts to improve healthcare for rural dwellers but possible differences or similarities in health demographics may inform targeted interventions and volunteers may have a greater role to play in improving health outcomes. Aims and Objectives To compare of basic health and social demographics observed during 4-day medical camps in 2 rural communities in Zambia and Malawi to determine any significant differences or similarities. Method About 12 and 10 local and international volunteers at medical camps (at a temporary rural health post or community hall) in rural Zambia and Malawi respectively treated 488 patients in total, with basic health and social demographic data collected and results analyzed. Results The mean age of patients seen in Malawi and Zambia were 34.5 and 38.9 years respectively, with 39% and 40% of patients in Malawi and Zambia respectively being within the 18 to 44 years age group, and mostly females (59.7% in Malawi and 65.7% in Zambia). Most were non-infectious diseases (97.3% in Zambia, 95% in Malawi), mostly musculoskeletal (17.0% in Malawi and 30.5% in Zambia), while medications prescribed were mostly analgesics (35.7% in Malawi and 29.9% in Zambia). Only a small proportion of patients were referred to local secondary facilities or district hospitals, 51 (28.7%) in Malawi and 59 (19.9%) in Zambia respectively. Chi square test shows a significant difference ( P < .001) in diseases in both countries, but there was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients seen in both countries, using the independent t-test ( P = .365). Conclusion This study highlights statistically significant demographic differences between the 2 communities and possible reasons for these, and how volunteers’ roles in rural healthcare in the East African communities could be further evaluated.

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Mwanza, David Sani. "Critical Reflections on the Zambian Education System and the Teaching of English in Post-Colonial Zambia." English Literature and Language Review, no. 62 (February 25, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.62.15.23.

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This paper takes a critical look at the Zambian Education system by focusing on the teaching of English in the country. This is achieved through discussing the structure and organisation of the education system, teacher training and the standard of English to be taught in schools relative to other varieties. By reviewing studies which have been conducted on the teaching of English in Zambia, the paper observes that while remarkable strides have been made in improving the teaching of English, there are a number of issues which need attention. For instance, the recognition of translanguaging and its pedagogic value forms a big part of the argument in this paper.

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BARTON, STUART JOHN. "Why Zambia failed." Journal of Institutional Economics 11, no. 4 (November 6, 2014): 803–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137414000526.

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Abstract:Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson and others are explaining divergent economic histories with qualitative measures of institutional quality – including Acemoglu and Robinson's popular inclusive/extractive dichotomy. While quantitative studies have sort to confirm these links using econometric proxies, few empirical accounts have shownhowthese proxies, or indeed the institutions they seek to represent actually influenced economic growth. This study helps fill that gap by testing whether evidence in Zambia's post-colonial history supports a proposed econometric link between its institutional quality and its slow economic growth. Support for this link is found in foreign investors’ interpretation of declining institutional constraint on Zambia's President as the potential for increased policy volatility, and as such an economic inducement to delay critical investment to Zambia's capital constrained economy. These findings add weight to the institutional argument in general, as well as present one concrete example in history of a mechanism through which institutional quality affected economic growth.

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6

Mphaisha, Chisepo J. J. "Retreat from democracy in post one‐party state Zambia." Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 34, no. 2 (July 1996): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662049608447725.

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7

Sekwat, Alex. "Beyond african humanism: Economic reform in post-independent zambia." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 3, no. 3/4 (March 2000): 521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-03-03-04-2000-b013.

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8

DiBiase, Rebecca Marie, Rachel Marie E. Salas, Charlene E. Gamaldo, Aparna Nutakki, Isabel Elicer, Hrayr P. Attarian, Kenneth C. Kapembwa, Roy E. Strowd, Sean Tackett, and Deanna R. Saylor. "Training in Neurology: Implementation and Evaluation of an Objective Structured Clinical-Examination Tool for Neurology Postgraduate Trainees in Lusaka, Zambia." Neurology 97, no. 7 (April 30, 2021): e750-e754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000012134.

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BackgroundWe established Zambia's first neurology residency program at the University of Zambia School of Medicine and the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a modified objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess clinical skills.MethodsThe neurology training program's 3 participants completed the OSCE exercise in February 2019. We used smartphones to videotape trainees performing a physical examination and oral presentation in the neurology clinic. Trainees and faculty reviewed the videos independently using a standardized rubric and then met for in-person feedback.ResultsThree trainees completed pre- and post-OSCE surveys rating their confidence in elements of the history and examination. Trainees' average self-confidence scores improved from the pre- to post-OSCE survey in every category (pre-OSCE: mean score 6.84, range 4.8–7.8, SD 0.92; post-OSCE: mean score 7.9, range 5.67–9.33, SD 0.86). Qualitative feedback showed trainees found the OSCE helpful, routinely applied feedback, and would appreciate repeating OSCEs.ConclusionsOSCEs improve trainees' self-confidence and can be modified and successfully implemented in a resource-limited neurology postgraduate training program. Important OSCE modifications involved using smartphones for videotaping and a real patient encounter rather than a standardized patient. Embedding the experience within a busy clinic day was practical, applicable, and efficient. Future work should expand use of OSCEs both within the Zambian neurology residency program and non-neurology training programs. Including additional video reviewers could add to the validity of clinical skills assessment. Videos could also be used for remote mentorship and teaching purposes.

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Hansen, Karen Tranberg. "Second-hand clothing encounters in Zambia: global discourses, Western commodities, and local histories." Africa 69, no. 3 (July 1999): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161212.

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AbstractThe rapid expansion in commercial exports of second-hand clothing from the West to the Third World and the increase in second-hand clothing consumption in many African countries raise challenging questions about the effects of globalisation and the meanings of the West and the local that consumers attribute to objects at different points of their journey across global space. This article draws on extensive research into the sourcing of second-hand clothing in the West, and its wholesaling, retailing, distribution and consumption in Zambia. Discussing how people in Zambia are deahng with the West's unwanted clothing, the article argues that a cultural economy is at work in local appropriations of this particular commodity that is opening space for local agency in clothing consumption. Clothing has a powerful hold on people's imagination because the self and society articulate through the dressed body. To provide background for this argument, the article briefly sketches recent trends in the global second-hand clothing trade that place the countries of sub-Saharan Africa as the world's largest importing region. There follows a discussion of Zambians' preoccupation with clothing, both new and second-hand, historically and at the present time. It demonstrates that the meanings consumers in Zambia attribute to second-hand clothing are neither uniform nor static but shift across class and gender lines, and between urban and rural areas. Above all, they depend on the cultural politics of their time. In dealing with clothing, people in Zambia are making sense of post-colonial society and their own place within it and in the world at large.

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Fox, Mim. "Post-colonialist practice: An Australian social worker in rural Zambia." International Social Work 53, no. 5 (August 26, 2010): 720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872810371207.

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CARMODY, BRENDAN P. "DENOMINATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLING IN POST-INDEPENDENCE ZAMBIA: A CASE STUDY." African Affairs 89, no. 355 (April 1990): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098287.

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Lungu, Gatian F. "Elites, Incrementalism and Educational Policy‐making in Post‐independence Zambia." Comparative Education 21, no. 3 (January 1985): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305006850210306.

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13

International Monetary Fund. "Zambia: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement: Update." IMF Staff Country Reports 11, no. 197 (2011): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781462315345.002.

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Fraser, Alastair. "Post-populism in Zambia: Michael Sata’s rise, demise and legacy." International Political Science Review 38, no. 4 (September 2017): 456–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512117720809.

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15

Crafford, D. "Uitdagings vir die Ned Geref Kerk in Suidelike Afrika met Malawi en Zambië as illustrasiegebiede." Verbum et Ecclesia 11, no. 1 (July 18, 1990): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v11i1.1009.

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Challenges for the Dutch Reformed Church in Southern Africa with Malawi and Zambia as illustration areas What will be the challenges for the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa if in the coming decades its isolation from Africa could be ended because of political developments in a post-apartheid era? The Dutch Reformed Church planted indigenous churches in many African Countries like Botswana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Namibia. The role of the church in Africa will be determined by its relations with these younger churches. The challenges in the fields of evangelism, church ministry, the youth and in the socioeconomic and political areas are illustrated specifically in the cases of Malawi and Zambia.

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Sumida, Sugata. "Obstructive and promotive factors for access to school and learning in primary school in Zambia." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 19, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-10-2016-0020.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the obstructive and promotive factors that affect students’ access to school and learning attainment in Zambia. Much of the literature discussing Zambian education identifies only the obstructive factors. When identifying the obstructive factors becomes the primary focus in education policy, efforts are directed towards eliminating these factors without considering the context of the educational process. Consequently, this discourse has lost sight of the fact that eliminating obstructive factors does not guarantee good access to school and learning but merely provides a condition in which students are part of an educational process. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an explanatory study with in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 27 university students. The sample was purposefully selected to balance variation in the respondents in terms of geographical background. The data analysis was aided with the qualitative analysis programme NVivo 10 along with the descriptive method. Findings The paper presents empirical insights about multi-faceted factors that affect students’ access to school and learning in Zambia. In particular, this study finds that teachers, policy changes, and students’ motivation are the key factors in achieving students’ academic excellence. Originality/value By presenting a simultaneous investigation of both sides of the factors related to access to school and learning, this paper contributes by suggesting the importance of a binocular perspective for educational development in Zambia and by providing implications for the new global agenda of post-2015 educational development that shifts the focus from access to quality.

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Lungu, John. "Mineworkers in Zambia: Labour and Political Change in Post-Colonial Africa." Review of African Political Economy 36, no. 120 (June 2009): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240903086386.

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Imasiku, K., and E. Ntagwirumugara. "Sustainable energy supply and business collaborations for sustainability, resilience and competitiveness in the Zambian copper industry after Covid-19." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i1a8083.

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The mining industry in Zambia is energy-intensive, with hydro energy providing the required energy. But other sources of energy may need to be added, because hydro energy is subject to good rain patterns, threatened by the spectre of climate change, as already indicated by the current prolonged hours of load shedding by state-owned , Zambia Electricity Supply Company. This research looks at state-of-art mining technologies and collaborative business processes that leverage on the expected ramp in copper and cobalt (Cu-Co) global demand post-Covid-19, to help design resilient business systems by manufacturing, source goods and services within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region to lower Cu-Co production costs, and maximise profits through shared resources and bilateral trade agreements. With evidence, projection and predictions by global leaders in the Cu-Co industry, this study evaluates the preparedness and resilience of the Zambian mining industry for sustainable energy supply, environmental sustainability, and suggests some possible business collaborations within the SADC region to share the following resources: metal refineries, transportation of goods and services, expertise and energy supplies within SADC, to enhance business sustainability. The study shows that the resilience of Cu-Co business in resource-rich nations like Zambia is complex and is heavily influenced by investment decisions, stakeholder interests, copper ore grades and extractive process types, reliable power supply, and socio-economic and political issues. The significance of this study is that it proposes some business collaborations within SADC that can increase energy reliability and supply, Cu-Co production, increase business resilience, improve global competitiveness and sustainability by exploring energy efficiency and generation-mix strategy. Highlights A sustainable energy analysis for Zambia. Establishing the role of mine multi-national enterprises concerning environmental sustainability. Proposing copper business resilience collaborations within SADC. Developing a mining business resilience and sustainability model for sustainable power supply, high production, profitability and global competitiveness.

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Kapasa, C. K., and I. G. Cowx. "Post-impoundment changes in the fish fauna of Lake Itezhi-tezhi, Zambia." Journal of Fish Biology 39, no. 6 (December 1991): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04408.x.

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Murray, Laura K., Judith Bass, Elwyn Chomba, Mwiya Imasiku, Donald Thea, Katherine Semrau, Judith A. Cohen, Carrie Lam, and Paul Bolton. "Validation of the UCLA Child Post traumatic stress disorder-reaction index in Zambia." International Journal of Mental Health Systems 5, no. 1 (2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-5-24.

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Maringa, Wairimu M., Julia Simwaka, Peter N. Mwangi, Evans M. Mpabalwani, Jason M. Mwenda, M. Jeffrey Mphahlele, Mapaseka L. Seheri, and Martin M. Nyaga. "Whole Genome Analysis of Human Rotaviruses Reveals Single Gene Reassortant Rotavirus Strains in Zambia." Viruses 13, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091872.

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Rotarix® vaccine was implemented nationwide in Zambia in 2013. In this study, four unusual strains collected in the post-vaccine period were subjected to whole genome sequencing and analysis. The four strains possessed atypical genotype constellations, with at least one reassortant genome segment within the constellation. One of the strains (UFS-NGS-MRC-DPRU4749) was genetically and phylogenetically distinct in the VP4 and VP1 gene segments. Pairwise analyses demonstrated several amino acid disparities in the VP4 antigenic sites of this strain compared to that of Rotarix®. Although the impact of these amino acid disparities remains to be determined, this study adds to our understanding of the whole genomes of reassortant strains circulating in Zambia following Rotarix® vaccine introduction.

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Mubita, Akatama. "A History of Physical Education in Zambia." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 76, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2017-0029.

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AbstractThe history of physical education (PE) in Zambia follows the pattern of the history of education in Zambia. Thus, the history of PE in Zambia can be divided into the indigenous period, the colonial period and the post-independence period. “PE” was essential and utilitarian in the indigenous period because it was simply part of the lives of the people at that time. People walked, swam, ran, and were involved in many other forms of physical activity. PE was indispensable. Later, the missionaries provided education to the Africans for the purpose of transmitting the Good News. However, in doing so they rid the Africans of their culture. Africans also wanted to assert themselves in the newly created society and therefore embraced European culture. Eventually, the demand for education grew and many subjects were added including PE. However, while many subjects have enjoyed immense popularity in the country’s curriculum, PE has suffered marginalization. Although the subject was taught in schools supported by the mining companies and in private schools with facilities and infrastructure as well as teacher training institutions, it was not examined. Later, the subject was examined at teacher training colleges and the University of Zambia. From 2005, however, major developments have taken place in the area of PE. President Mwanawasa declared that PE should be taught in all schools. The subject was introduced to the primary school examination as part of Creative and Technology Studies (CTS) and most recently as Expressive Arts (EA). It is now also being examined at junior and senior secondary levels. Teacher education institutions have been steadfast in training students in PE. Despite this, the teaching of the subject still leaves much to be desired. It appears that the past as well as the present are vehemently holding the subject down.

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CHINTU, R., P. L. MAFONGOYA, T. S. CHIRWA, E. KUNTASHULA, D. PHIRI, and J. MATIBINI. "PROPAGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM PLANTED FALLOWS IN SUB-HUMID EASTERN ZAMBIA." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 3 (June 24, 2004): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704001838.

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Gliricidia sepium features prominently as a soil replenishment tree in planted coppicing fallows in eastern Zambia. Its usual method of propagation, through nurseryseedlings, is costly and may possibly hinder wider on-farm adoption. We compared fallows propagated by potted and bare root seedlings, direct seeding and stem cuttings, in terms of tree coppice biomass production, soil inorganic N availability and post-fallow maize yields under semi-arid conditions. We hypothesized that cutting fallows initially in May (off-season) would increase subsequent seasonal coppice biomass production as opposed to cutting them in November (at cropping). The tree survival and biomass order after two years was: potted = bare root > direct > cuttings. The post-fallow maize productivity sequence was: fertilized maize = potted = bare root > direct > cuttings = no-tree unfertilized controls, across seasons. However, farmers may prefer directly seeded fallows owing to their cost effectiveness. Soil inorganic N and maize yield were significantly higher in May-cut than in November-cut fallows. Preseason topsoil inorganic N and biomass N input correlated highly with maize yields. This implies that bothparameters may be used to predict post-fallow crop yields.

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Parmar, Divya, Tiziana Leone, Ernestina Coast, Susan Fairley Murray, Eleanor Hukin, and Bellington Vwalika. "Cost of abortions in Zambia: A comparison of safe abortion and post abortion care." Global Public Health 12, no. 2 (December 27, 2015): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1123747.

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Levitsky, Steven R., and Lucan A. Way. "Beyond Patronage: Violent Struggle, Ruling Party Cohesion, and Authoritarian Durability." Perspectives on Politics 10, no. 4 (December 2012): 869–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592712002861.

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We explore the sources of durability of party-based authoritarian regimes in the face of crisis. Recent scholarship on authoritarianism suggests that ruling parties enhance elite cohesion—and consequently, regime durability—by providing institutionalized access the spoils of power. We argue, by contrast, that while elite access to power and spoils may ensure elite cooperation during normal times, it often fails to do so during crises. Instead, the identities, norms, and organizational structures forged during periods of sustained, violent, and ideologically-driven conflict are a critical source of cohesion—and durability—in party-based authoritarian regimes. Origins in violent conflict raise the cost of defection and provide leaders with additional (non-material) resources that can be critical to maintaining unity and discipline, even when a crisis threatens the party's hold on power. Hence, where ruling parties combine mechanisms of patronage distribution with the strong identities, solidarity ties, and discipline generated by violent origins, regimes should be most durable.We apply this argument to four party-based competitive authoritarian regimes in post-Cold War Africa: Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. In each of these cases, an established single- or dominant-party regime faced heightened international pressure, economic crisis, and a strong opposition challenge after 1990. Yet whereas ruling parties in Kenya and Zambia were organized almost exclusively around patronage, those in Mozambique and Zimbabwe were liberation parties that came to power via violent struggle. This difference is critical to explaining diverging post-Cold War regime outcomes: whereas ruling parties in Zambia and Kenya imploded and eventually lost power in these face of crises, those in Mozambique and Zimbabwe remained intact and regimes survived.

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Simooya, Steriah Monica. "The Role of the Zambian Media in Public Environmental Awareness and Education." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.364.

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Successful environmental communication is achieved through a well informed public as it will be better equipped and positioned to tackle environmental challenges of the 21st Century. A well informed public is partly a result of the role the media plays in disseminating information. Hence the media play a strategic role in raising public environmental awareness, dissemination of environmental information and inspiring environmental action. This study looked at the role of the Zambian media in public environmental awareness and education. The study aimed at finding out the role of the Zambian media in public environmental awareness and education. The study had three objectives: 1. to find out how many environmental journalists there were in selected media organisations; 2. to determine the content of environmental information published by the selected media; and 3. to find out the contribution of environmental journalism to the lives of ordinary people in the selected Zambian urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. The study used qualitative and quantitative research designs and also a survey research technique. The research analysed environmental contents of three prominent daily newspapers in Zambia namely The Post, Zambia Daily Mail and Times of Zambia. The study also captured views and experiences of respondents from which qualitative and quantitative data was obtained. Purposive and random sampling were used to select respondents from the three dailies and from a cross section of the Zambian society. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used to process field data. To collect primary data, daily publications in three selected months of May, June and July 2010 by the three newspaper companies were analysed to determine the topics and frequency of environmental news coverage. Questionnaires were administered to editors and journalists from the three daily newspapers and also a cross section of the Zambian society. The findings of the research indicated that the people tasked with the collection and publication of environmental information were not trained in environmental matters hence their inability to successfully communicate environmental information in an interesting and educative manner. More space was dedicated to the printing of political and sports news compared to environmental information which was deemed unsellable and bad for business. The study further found out that much of the space allocated to environmental coverage was dedicated to pollution. Further, most of the environmental events covered were based in urban areas and were noticed when accompanied by a prominent person in society or the government of the day. The study also found out that the public lacked sensitisation in environmental matters resulting in the inability of the people to be environmentally responsible either individually or at community level. The study recommended the following: 1. In-service media personnel need to be trained through refresher courses in environmental matters. 2. Environmental programmes to be designed in all institutions of higher learning that will train journalists who will tackle and cover environmental issues ably, as is the case in developed countries; and recommends that 3. The media needs to place value on environmental coverage by carrying out indepth analyses and research on the issues and events they publish.

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Tembo, Alfred. "Frustrated Expectations: Experiences of Northern Rhodesian (Zambian) Ex-Servicemen in the Post-Second World War Era." War in History 24, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344515607547.

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This article examines how Northern Rhodesian ex-servicemen experienced home life after the Second World War, the problems they encountered, and the society into which they were reintegrated. Challenges faced by African veterans made them restless and discontented compared to European ex-servicemen who benefited from entrenched discriminatory racial practices. Using hitherto unexplored materials from the National Archives of Zambia, this article further argues that African ex-servicemen were preoccupied with their immediate personal well-being and not wider societal issues such as nationalism. This stands in contrast to older academic arguments that African ex-servicemen played a vital role in nationalist politics.

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Wahila, Ruth, Etienne Bwana-Fwamba-Koshe Odimba, and Catherine Ngoma. "Strengthening Post-Operative Pain Assessment in Patients with Major Abdominal Surgery, University Teaching Hospitals, Zambia." Pain Studies and Treatment 08, no. 02 (2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pst.2020.82002.

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Phokaides, Petros. "Rural networks and planned communities: Doxiadis Associates’ plans for rural settlements in post-independence Zambia." Journal of Architecture 23, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 471–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2018.1458044.

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Zulu, Joseph M., Joseph Ali, Kristina Hallez, Nancy E. Kass, Charles Michelo, and Adnan A. Hyder. "Ethical challenges in research on post-abortion care with adolescents: experiences of researchers in Zambia." Global Bioethics 31, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2018.1528657.

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Prager, S., J. Neukom, P. Gupta, J. Chilambwe, N. Siamwanza, M. Eber, B. Vwalika, and P. Blumenthal. "Introduction of post placental/partum IUD insertion in Lusaka, Zambia: feasibility of training nurse midwives." Contraception 80, no. 2 (August 2009): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2009.05.073.

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Laban, Natasha Makabilo, Samuel Bosomprah, Kalo Musukuma-Chifulo, Michelo Simuyandi, Shilpa Iyer, Harriet Ng'ombe, Mutinta Muchimba, et al. "Comparable exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in young children and healthcare workers in Zambia." Wellcome Open Research 6 (May 6, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16759.1.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global health crisis that has caused large scale morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among young children and healthcare workers by measurement of anti-S1 antigen (spike protein) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using an in-house optimized indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from cohorts of healthcare workers (n = 287) and young children aged from 6 weeks to 2 years old (n = 150) pre-COVID-19 pandemic between September 2018 and November 2019 and post-COVID-19 pandemic between August and December 2020 were simultaneously tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 specific IgG. The arithmetic mean of natural logarithm-transformed ELISA relative absorbance reading + (3 x standard deviation) of pre-pandemic plasma was used as the cut-off to determine SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity of post-pandemic plasma. Results: There was no reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen detected in pre-pandemic plasma but in post pandemic plasma an 8.0% (23/287) IgG seropositivity in healthcare workers’ and 6.0% (9/150) seropositivity in children aged 2 years old was detected. Conclusions: Comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in healthcare workers and children suggest widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Zambia during the first wave of the pandemic. This finding has implications for continued acquisition and transmission of infection in the healthcare setting, household, and wider community.

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Kalusa, Walima T. "From an Agency of Cultural Destruction to an Agency of Public Health." Social Sciences and Missions 27, no. 2-3 (2014): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02702002.

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Most medical histories maintain that missionary doctors in imperial Africa were agents of Western cultural imperialism. This scholarship, informed by the writings of Michel Foucault, projects mission-based healers as agents of imperial power who played a major role in emasculating African therapeutic systems and in reinforcing colonial hegemony. This scholarship partly derives its support from the fact that across Africa, mission doctors and nurses cast themselves as cultural conquistadors whose ultimate goal was no less to undermine local medical culture than to supplant it with biomedical comprehensions of disease, healing and medicine. Convincing as this scholarship may be, it over-simplistically locks Christian medical missions in a distant/static past, erroneously portraying them as monolithic entities, and largely obscuring how missionary discourses and praxis surrounding disease and medicine metamorphosed in the aftermath of colonialism. This paper may be read as a corrective to such scholarship. The paper insists that, in conformity with the expectations and demands of the post-colonial regime in Zambia, Catholic medics reconfigured their medical discourse and practice. Consequently, their medicine lost its imperial/hegemonic pretensions and became an agency through which the newly-independent Zambian state implemented its public health reforms.

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Makondo, Francina N. S., Christine Wamunyima Kanyengo, and Fabian Kakana. "Online search behaviour of University of Zambia Library and Information Studies students." Library Hi Tech 36, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-03-2017-0058.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that affect web searching behaviour of the students of the University of Zambia (UNZA). Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative research approach in order to get an insight into the interactions of the students at the UNZA with the real web situation. A post-search questionnaire was used as a tool to gather information from 65 Library and Information Science students about search techniques used, web experience, and subject knowledge of users. Findings This study shows that the main purpose for using the internet by students at the UNZA is for academic work. The findings also show that factors such as experience and topic familiarity had an effect on search behaviour, whereas, age of searcher did not affect the search technique used. Google was preferred for searching more than electronic databases. Originality/value This is the first systematic examination of students online search behaviour in Zambia. It allows the researchers to compare with search behaviour of students in a different social economic environment.

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Ng'ong'ola, Clement. "The Post-Colonial Era in Relation to Land Expropriation Laws in Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 41, no. 1 (January 1992): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/41.1.117.

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Miller, Darlene. "New Regional Imaginaries in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa – Retail Workers at a Shopping Mall in Zambia." Journal of Southern African Studies 31, no. 1 (March 2005): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070500035778.

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Blumenthal, Paul D., Nirali M. Chakraborty, Sarah Prager, Pratima Gupta, Klaira Lerma, and Bellington Vwalika. "Programmatic experience of post-partum IUD use in Zambia: an observational study on continuation and satisfaction." European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 21, no. 5 (July 1, 2016): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1201655.

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Sheyo, Ninza, Bellington Vwalika, and John Kinnear. "Changes in selected electrolytes in adult intensive care patients at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.1.357.

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Background: The importance of regulating electrolyte levels is well recognized in most Intensive Care Units (ICU). Various institutions across the globe have found varying figures on the extent and causes of electrolytes derangements in ICUs. The extent of electrolyte and fluid imbalance in patients being admitted and already admitted to the Main ICU (MICU) at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) Lusaka Zambia is unknown. This study aimed to explore the 24hour changes in sodium and potassium in adult MICU patients at the UTH, Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of the patients admitted to the MICU at UTH, Lusaka, Zambia. Data was collected over a four-month period (August to November) in 2017. Only consenting patients 18 years and above admitted for at least 24 hours in the unit were enrolled. On admission, routine baseline investigations were obtained from every patient which included a full blood count and renal function tests. The second set of investigations was collected 24 hours post MICU admission. The blood samples were obtained from a peripheral vein in heparinized bottles for renal function tests. Serum electrolyte analysis was done was at UTH. Normal serum concentrations of sodium and potassium were considered as 135-145mmol/l and 3.5 - 4.5mmol/L, respectively. Comparisons between means were done with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 13 SE. Results: A total number of 100 patients were included in this study with a mean age of 36.8 years (SD = 12.1). The mean value of sodium level was 136.7 (SD = 8.9) mmol/L and 139.0 (SD = 11.6) mmol/L, on admission and 24 hours post-admission respectively. This difference in serum sodium level was shown to be statistically significant with a P-value = 0.0051. Hypernatremia was shown to be associated with an increased risk of death (p = 0.021) in the Unit with an odds ratio of 4.0 at 95% confidence interval of 1.3 to 13.8. Hyponatremia was the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance but was neither shown to be associated with mortality (P-value = 0.18) nor prolonged ICU stay (0.56) at 24 hours post-admission. The mean value of potassium level was 4.2 (SD = 1.1) mmol/L and 4.3 (SD = 1.1), on admission and 24 hours post-admission respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (P-value = 0.57). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant change in serum sodium levels after 24 hours post-admission but there was no statistically significant change in potassium. Hyponatremia was the most prevalent abnormality whilst hypernatremia had a statistically significant association with mortality. Therefore, electrolyte imbalances can occur as early as the first day of admission in ICU with fatal complications. Correcting electrolyte imbalances in MICU patients is an urgent necessity and should not be delayed.

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Frame, I. A., C. A. Ross, and A. G. Luckins. "Characterization ofTrypanosoma congolenseserodemes in stocks isolated from Chipata District, Zambia." Parasitology 101, no. 2 (October 1990): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000063289.

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Six stocks ofTrypanosoma congolensewere cloned from 17 stocks isolated from Eastern Zambia and used to initiate insect-formin vitrocultures producing metacyclic trypanosomes. Serological assays were then developed using thesein vitro-derived metacyclics as a reference collection of antigens. Monoclonal antibodies recognized 8 metacyclic variable antigen types (M-VATs) of one stock,T. congolenseTREU 1885, representing 70–80% of that stock's M-VAT repertoire, and in an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) there were no cross-reactions between them and the metacyclic trypanosomes of the other 5 stocks. Cross-protection assays between the 6 stocks in mice showed that the stocks culturedin vitrowere serologically distinct. In order to facilitate serological typing for serodeme characterization, an IFAT was developed using formalin-fixed metacyclic trypanosomes to identify VAT specific immune responses using 21 day post-infection antisera. The cultured stocks reacted only with their homologous antisera thus confirming the results obtained in the cross-protection assays. No cross-reactions were observed with the 6 cloned stocks and antisera against the 11 stocks ofT. congolenseisolated in the same area at the same time suggesting that these stocks were different from the reference collection of cultured metacyclics. Hence, at least 7 serodemes ofT. congolensehave been identified from the 17 stocks isolated.

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Caswell, Bess L., Sameera A. Talegawkar, Ward Siamusantu, Keith P. West, and Amanda C. Palmer. "Within-person, between-person and seasonal variance in nutrient intakes among 4- to 8-year-old rural Zambian children." British Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 12 (February 26, 2020): 1426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520000732.

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AbstractEstimates of the components of nutrient intake variation are needed for modelling distributions of usual intake or predicting the usual intake of individuals. Season is a potential source of variation in nutrient intakes in addition to within- and between-person variation, particularly in low- or middle-income countries. We aimed to describe seasonal variation in nutrient intakes and estimate within-person, between-person and other major components of intake variance among Zambian children. Children from rural villages and peri-urban towns in Mkushi District, Zambia aged 4–8 years were enrolled in the non-intervened arm of a randomised controlled trial of pro-vitamin A carotenoid biofortified maize (n 200). Up to seven 24-h dietary recalls per child were obtained at monthly intervals over a 6-month period covering the late post-harvest (August–October), early lean (November–January) and late lean (February–April) seasons (2012–2013). Nutrient intakes varied significantly by season. For energy and most nutrients, intakes were highest in the early lean season and lower in the late post-harvest and late lean seasons. Season and recall on a market day had the strongest effects on nutrient intakes among covariates examined. Unadjusted within- to between-person variance ratios ranged from 4·5 to 31·3. In components of variance models, season accounted for 3–20 % of nutrient intake variance. Particularly in rural settings in low- and middle-income countries, where availability of locally grown, nutrient-rich foods may vary seasonally, studies should include replicates across seasons to more precisely estimate long-term usual intakes.

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Prager, S., J. Neukom, P. Gupta, J. Chilambwe, M. Eber, B. Vwalika, and P. Blumenthal. "O759 Introduction of post placental/partum IUD insertion (PPIUD) in Lusaka, Zambia: Feasibility of training nurse midwives." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S309—S310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61132-2.

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Kalusa, Walima T. "The Politics of the Corpse: President Levy Mwanawasa’s Death, Funeral and Political Contestation in Post-Colonial Zambia." Journal of Southern African Studies 43, no. 6 (October 4, 2017): 1137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2017.1374766.

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Kuhn, Louise, Prisca Kasonde, Moses Sinkala, Chipepo Kankasa, Katherine Semrau, Cheswa Vwalika, Wei-Yann Tsai, Grace M. Aldrovandi, and Donald M. Thea. "Prolonged breast-feeding and mortality up to two years post-partum among HIV-positive women in Zambia." AIDS 19, no. 15 (October 2005): 1677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000186817.38112.da.

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Phiri, A. M., N. M. Mudenda, M. Luwe, and I. G. K. Phiri. "Use of bait containing triclabendazole against Fasciola gigantica in a herd of captive wild impala (Aepyceros melampus)." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 3 (May 26, 2016): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000304.

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AbstractAlthough the efficacy of triclabendazole treatment against Fasciola gigantica has been shown before in cattle and buffaloes, there appears to be no published report on the efficacy of triclabendazole in impala or other antelope species. As part of a health monitoring programme at Mulungushi International Conference Centre, Lusaka, Zambia, a coprological examination was undertaken to investigate the helminthological status of captive impala (Aepyceros melampus). Of 39 fresh coprological samples, 46% contained F. gigantica. The source of infection was identified to be a fountain within the grounds of the conference centre. Lymnaea natalensis, collected from the study site, were induced to shed cercariae, and were thus confirmed as the snail intermediate host. In managing this disease, triclabendazole at 6 mg/kg was administered together with the feed bait. Water from the pond was drained; vegetation within it cleared and the pond allowed to dry for 1 week before water was replaced. Three weeks post-treatment, faecal examination revealed that the Fasciola had been cleared. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first case of Fasciola spp. infection reported in captive wild impala in Zambia and provides evidence that triclabendazole may be delivered to free-ranging antelope using medicated bait.

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Stangl, Anne L., Mwangala Mwale, Meroji Sebany, Constance RS Mackworth-Young, Chipo Chiiya, Mutale Chonta, Sue Clay, Kirsty Sievwright, and Virginia Bond. "Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Tikambisane (‘Let’s Talk to Each Other’): A Pilot Support Group Intervention for Adolescent Girls Living With HIV in Zambia." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 20 (January 1, 2021): 232595822110247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259582211024772.

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Background: In Zambia, 84,959 adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15-24 are currently living with HIV. We explored the feasibility and acceptability of a 6-session, curriculum-based support group intervention designed to address key concerns of AGYW living with HIV. Setting: Urban Zambia Methods: Surveys and in-depth interviews were collected pre- and post-intervention from participants enrolled from 2 health facilities. Eight participant observations of sessions were conducted. Descriptive statistics at baseline were reported only for AGYW who participated in the intervention (N = 21), while analyses comparing baseline and endline outcome measures were restricted to participants who had data at both time points (N = 14). Results: Support groups were feasible to conduct and acceptable to participants. Co-facilitation by an adult counselor and peers living with HIV raised confidence about session content. Sessions on antiretroviral therapy (ART), disclosure and stigma, and grief and loss were most in demand. We did not observe significant differences in key outcome measures between baseline and follow-up. However, qualitative data supported the positive impact of the intervention on ART adherence and hope for the future following the intervention among our participants. Conclusion: A short-term, structured support group series holds promise for helping AGYW living with HIV safely navigate a complex time in their lives.

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BOWMAN, ANDREW. "MASS PRODUCTION OR PRODUCTION BY THE MASSES? TRACTORS, COOPERATIVES, AND THE POLITICS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POST-INDEPENDENCE ZAMBIA." Journal of African History 52, no. 2 (July 2011): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853711000235.

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ABSTRACTThe fall of colonial regimes across Africa was accompanied by the rise in expectations for rapid and inclusive rural economic progress. In Zambia, the cooperative production unit was one of two key initiatives at the centre of the United National Independence Party's ambitious development efforts. The other was the tractor. By following these two interlinked initiatives in the years immediately following independence, this article contributes to the under-explored history of early postcolonial development. It argues that both the power of expert groups and the level of continuity between late colonial and postcolonial development was not always as great as has recently been suggested. Cooperative mechanization policies emerged from a confluence of competing claims over knowledge, power and resources. However, as is demonstrated, they also reflected more fundamental tensions in the development endeavour between the prioritization of economically efficient mass production, and inclusive development for the masses.

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Zama, Mary T., Mardieh Dennis, Jessica Price, and Stephanie M. Topp. "Assessing the feasibility of police initiation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis for sexual violence survivors in Lusaka, Zambia." BMC Proceedings 9, Suppl 4 (2015): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1753-6561-9-s4-a3.

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Hewett, P., B. Mensch, T. Hallett, G. Garnett, K. Dzekedzeke, and P. Todd. "O2-S2.02 Sex with stitches, the resumption of sexual activity during the post-circumcision healing period in Zambia." Sexually Transmitted Infections 87, Suppl 1 (July 1, 2011): A56—A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2011-050109.74.

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Himwaze, Cordilia Maria, Viktor Telendiy, Fred Maate, Songwe Mupeta, Chanda Chitalu, Duncan Chanda, Peter Julius, et al. "Post-mortem examination of Hospital Inpatient COVID-19 Deaths in Lusaka, Zambia - A Descriptive Whole-body Autopsy Series." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 108 (July 2021): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.013.

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Dymond, Chelsea, Kimberly Ann Hill, Chelsea McCullough, Julia Dixon, and Emilie Calvello-Hynes. "Use of Clinical Algorithms for Evaluation and Management of Pediatric and Adult Sepsis Patients in Low-Resource Clinical Environments." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004011.

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Introduction:Acute infection in post-disaster settings is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis management in low resource settings is controversial with recent research suggesting that aggressive fluid resuscitation may cause greater harm than benefit. However, the vast majority of international sepsis guidelines still suggest large initial fluid boluses as part of sepsis algorithms.Aim:To create an adult and pediatric sepsis algorithm to be applied in low resource clinical settings. This is part of a larger project to create clinical algorithms to provide standardization of emergency case management for low-resource clinical environments.Methods:A literature search was performed through PubMed identifying and reviewing fluid resuscitation in adult and pediatric sepsis patients in high and low resource clinical environments. The pathways were created based on interpretation of the available evidence-based literature. Focus groups were conducted in Zambia in March 2018 for feedback from local practitioners regarding feasibility of pathways. The pathways were then modified, reviewed by experts peer-review and revised.Results:Final pediatric and adult sepsis clinical algorithms were created and posted to the free web-based application AgileMD™. They will be available via app access, an online platform, or printable pathways for use in the clinical environment.Discussion:The study is currently undergoing IRB approval with a plan for implementation of multiple clinical algorithms at a referral hospital site in Zambia in January 2019. Site direction at Ndola Hospital will be conducted under the leadership of an Emergency Medicine trained physician, who will assist in implementation of algorithms and collection of data. Initial data review will be conducted in May 2019. There will be incremental site visits by organizing researchers throughout the implementation and data collection period. Statistical analysis will examine sepsis associated processes and outcome indicators pre and post-intervention to further delineate sepsis management in low resource clinical environments.

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