To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: The principle of loyalty.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The principle of loyalty'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'The principle of loyalty.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Yamakawa, Keiko. "Quantitative measurement of loyalty under principal-agent relationship /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486463321627058.
Full text
2
Gras, Antonin. "La loyauté dans le procès administratif." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100157.
Full textAbstract:
La loyauté procédurale n’est pas consacrée dans le droit du procès administratif. Elle fait pourtant l’objet d’un débat au sein de la doctrine publiciste. Alors que la jurisprudence judiciaire et la doctrine privatiste font de la loyauté des débats essentiellement un enjeu de moralisation du procès entre les parties, le discours de la doctrine publiciste sur la loyauté vise à révéler et justifier les garanties apportées aux parties dans le procès administratif. Une démarche inductive, consistant à systématiser le discours doctrinal, permet de formuler un concept de loyauté procédurale propre au procès administratif. Celui-ci apporte une justification à certains traits de procédure, consacrés par les textes ou la jurisprudence, qui n’ont pas de fondement exprès et dont le point commun est de reconnaître des garanties aux parties. Ce concept offre une grille d’analyse du droit du procès. La circonstance que le principe de loyauté procédurale est rejeté en droit n’exclut pas, en outre, l’intérêt d’un usage conceptuel de la loyauté. Le concept de loyauté permet d’apprécier l’opportunité de consacrer certains mécanismes contentieux et d’identifier les difficultés posées par le procès administratif selon les critères de l’intégrité, de l’accessibilité et de l’efficacité à l’égard des parties. Envisagée comme un concept d’explication, la loyauté procédurale devient un concept d’analyse de la procédure suivie devant le juge administratif et suggère certaines évolutions des règles applicables au procès administratif<br>The concept of procedural loyalty is not enshrined in the legal frameworks that govern administrative legal proceedings. Nonetheless, it has been subject to significant debate throughout the administrative legal doctrine. In contrast to judicial case law and civil doctrine where the concept of loyalty of debates is essentially focused on the moralization between the parties involved, the administrative doctrine on loyalty aims to disclose and justify the guaranties and safeguards given to the parties involved. An inductive approach, consistent in systematizing the doctrinal discourse, has lead to a concept of procedural loyalty that is unique to administrative legal proceedings. It provides justification over the key features of legal proceedings, features that are enshrined in either legal texts or case law but do not have explicit legal foundations and for which the common feature is to recognize safeguards afforded to the parties involved. This concept brings about a new set of legal terminology. The fact that the principal of procedural loyalty is not explicitly covered in legal frameworks, does not mean however that the conceptual usage of loyalty should be discarded. This concept allows us to acknowledge the opportunity in devoting litigation mechanisms to administrative legal proceedings, in order to identify the difficulties brought about in respect of the integrity, accessibility and efficiency with regards to all parties involved. Initially envisaged as an explanatory concept, procedural loyalty has been transformed into a conceptual analysis of the proceedings presided over by administrative judges
3
Leonardo, César Augusto Luiz. "Contraditório, lealdade processual e dever de cooperação intersubjetiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-19092014-162900/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho tem por escopo o estudo dos deveres de lealdade e cooperação intersubjetiva no direito processual civil brasileiro. Para tanto, parte-se do estudo do Processo Civil Constitucional, investigando temas como neoconstitucionalismo, neoprocessualismo e a teoria do diálogo das fontes como critério de aplicação do direito. Com esta análise, serão verificadas as opiniões de muitos teóricos acerca do conceito e do papel desempenhado pelos princípios, sobrelevando a importância do estudo dos princípios constitucionais aplicáveis ao processo, além de buscar uma breve distinção entre princípios e cláusulas gerais. Também se faz uma ponderação sobre o estudo da ideologia no processo, analisando as críticas e as respostas àqueles que entendem o dever de cooperação como traço autoritário do processo civil, além de trazer as advertências quanto ao uso excessivo dos institutos, e analisar os mecanismos de controle de aplicação. O trabalho ainda versa sobre a evolução conceitual do princípio do contraditório, e a sua correlação com o dever de cooperação, assim como sugere como premissas de aplicação adequada a boa-fé objetiva e a teoria do abuso do direito. O texto também analisa a natureza jurídica da cooperação processual, se ônus ou dever, para em seguida investigar a aplicação em relação aos sujeitos processuais, notadamente, as partes, seus procuradores e o juiz. Na última parte do seu desenvolvimento, a pesquisa passa a verificar a correlação entre os deveres de cooperação, lealdade e boa-fé processual perante o abuso do direito de ação, o abuso do direito de defesa, o dever de veracidade, a litigância de má-fé, o procedimento e a possibilidade de flexibilização, em matéria probatória (verificando, inclusive, quanto à flexibilização das regras de ônus da prova), as questões cognoscíveis de ofício (em especial, o conhecimento oficioso da prescrição), nos recursos e na fase de cumprimento de sentença e no processo execução. Por derradeiro, buscam-se algumas outras aplicações exemplificativas em searas específicas do processo civil brasileiro.<br>The scope of the present work is to study the loyalty and intersubjective cooperation in the brazilian civil procedural law. Therefore, it starts from the Constitucional Civil Process conception, investigating matters as neoconstitutionalism, neoprocessualism and the theory of dialogue of sources as law application criterion. With this analysis, will be checked the views of many theorists about the concept and role of principles, stressing the importance of the study of constitutional principles applicable to the process, in addition to seeking a brief distinction between principles and general clauses. It also considers the study of the procedural ideology, by analyzing the criticsms and the response to those who understand the duty of cooperation as an authoritarian trace of civil procedural law, besides to warn about the \"overuse\" of institutions and to analyze control mechanisms application. The work also deals with the conceptual evolution of the adversarial principle, and its correlation with the duty of cooperation, as well as suggests objective good faith and the abuse of rights theories as premises of its correct application. The text also examines the legal nature of cooperation procedure, if it is a burden or a duty, to then investigate the application in relation to procedural subjects, notably the parties, their attorneys and the judge. In the last part of the research´s development, it shall verify the correlation between the duties of cooperation, loyalty, and procedural good faith in face to the abuse of the right to sue, abuse of the right of defense, the duty of truthfulness, litigation in bad faith, the proceedings and its flexibilization, proof matters (checking, also, the relaxation of the rules regarding the burden of proof), the issues that can be decided by the judge without requirement (especially, the prescription), appealing and phase of sentence enforcement and execution process. For the last, the survey seeks up some other exemplificative applications in specific areas of Brazilian civil procedural law.
4
Meynaud-Zeroual, Ariane. "L’office des parties dans le procès administratif." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020067.
Full textAbstract:
La procédure suivie devant le juge administratif est traversée par une double évolution qui justifie qu’une étude soit consacrée à l’office des parties. A mesure que le droit du contentieux administratif se transforme en un droit du procès administratif, on observe que ce procès n’est plus pensé comme un procès fait à un acte, mais comme un procès entre parties. Le renversement des perspectives auquel invite le point de vue des parties est possible grâce à un instrument d’analyse finaliste du droit : l’office. Ce concept permet de s’interroger sur l’adéquation entre les facultés dont disposent et les charges que supportent les parties – i.e. l’office stricto sensu – et les finalités que l’ordre juridique leur assigne – i.e. l’office lato sensu. Comprises comme les personnes physiques ou morales qui participent au lien juridique d’instance en raison d’un litige né de prétentions propres et contraires sur un droit, les parties au procès poursuivent deux finalités complémentaires : la détermination intéressée de la matière litigieuse et la participation loyale à l’instance. Dès lors, le point de vue des parties permet de mettre en lumière non seulement les facultés et les charges que la doctrine néglige lorsqu’elle envisage le procès administratif sous l’angle exclusif du juge, mais aussi que leur office stricto sensu peut être perfectionné en vue de mieux répondre aux finalités de leur office lato sensu. En permettant de renoncer à une opposition dogmatique entre les procès civil et administratif, l’étude de l’office des parties encourage à inscrire la recherche et l’enseignement du droit du procès administratif dans une perspective résolument processualiste<br>The procedure before administrative courts is characterised by a double evolution, which justifies a study to be devoted to the office of the parties in an administrative hearing. As the law of administrative litigation increasingly transforms itself into the law of administrative hearings, one can observe that this process is no longer considered as a trial made to an act, but as a trial between parties. The perspective switch, to which the point of view of the parties to the trial invites, is made possible thanks to an instrument of finalist analysis of the law : the office. This concept makes it possible to question the adequacy between the powers and the charges of the parties - that is, the office stricto sensu - with the goals assigned to them by the legal order - namely, the office lato sensu. Understood as the physical or legal persons who participate in the legal relationship because of a dispute arising from own and contrary claims to a right, the parties to the lawsuit pursue two complementary goals : the interested determination of the dispute and the fair participation in the instance. This study allows to draw two conclusions. On the one hand, the office stricto sensu can be improved in order to better converge toward the office lato sensu. On the other hand, it shows that an opposition between the civil lawsuit and the administrative lawsuit is no longer possible. This study about the parties office in administrative lawsuit reveals the importance of research and teaching in procedural law
5
Boursier, Marie-Emma. "Le principe de loyauté en droit processuel." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020010.
Full text
6
Abi, Saad Nehmetallah. "L'obligation d'impartialité de l'arbitre : un principe unitaire dégagé par le commerce international." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020029.
Full textAbstract:
L'arbitrage est un mode de justice privée utilisé fréquemment, en matière de commerce international, pour le règlement des conflits. Son avantage repose principalement sur la rapidité de la procédure ainsi que sur la liberté des parties de choisir leur propre arbitre. Cependant, le libre choix des arbitres doit obéir à des conditions d'indépendance et d'impartialité imposées, à l'arbitre, par l'autorité chargée de l'organisation de la procédure arbitrale. Ainsi, comprendre l'importance de l'impartialité dans l'arbitrage ne peut se faire sans apprécier les autres notions qui lui sont adjacentes.Dans le but de préserver leur réputation en matière de transparence d'une part et d'assurer le bon fonctionnement de la procédure arbitrale, d'autre part, les centres d'arbitrage ont mis en place des mesures préventives afin de répondre aux attentes des acteurs du commerce international, en matière de traitement équitable. Les caractéristiques de l'obligation d'impartialité ainsi que les moyens adoptés par les différentes institutions pour sécuriser la procédure d'arbitrage feront l'objet de ce travail. Mais, outre les interrogations sur l'efficacité de ces mécanismes, l'étude du régime de la responsabilité de l'arbitre en cas d'un défaut d'impartialité, allant jusqu'à la responsabilité pénale, soulève un intérêt essentiel qui fera, de même, l'objet de notre analyse. Cependant, la responsabilité de l'arbitre ne peut être appréciée qu'à partir des deux fonctions inhérentes à la mission de l'arbitre : la fonction juridictionnelle et la fonction contractuelle<br>Arbitration is a private and alternative dispute resolution method (ADR) which that has continually been gaining in terms of importance in the global business environment. The main advantage of such a mechanism is the flexibility and the privilege of the parties to choose their own arbitrator. However, the freedom of choice of arbitrators implies the adherence to a few principles, related mainly to the duties of independence and impartiality of the arbitrator, which are imposed, by the administering body in charge of overseeing the arbitral procedure. Therefore, it is important to examine the impartiality of the arbitrator in order to understand its significance.For the sake of their reputation on one hand, and to ensure that the arbitral process is properly operating on the other, the arbitral institutions put in place preventive measures to secure a fair treatment for the international trade community in accordance with their expectations. The characteristics of the duty of impartiality and the means adopted by arbitral institutions to secure the arbitral process will be the subject of this study. Furthermore, despite the questions raised related to the effectiveness of these means, the liability of arbitrators in the absence of impartiality and the criminal sanctions resulting from the arbitrator's behavior should also be analyzed. However, the liability of the arbitrator shall only be assessed while taking into account the duality of his function on both the jurisdictional and contractual levels
7
Colonna, Gabriele. "Principi e tecniche di gamification: una mobile app per la tutela della fauna selvatica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
La tesi presenta un’analisi dello stato dell’arte della gamification, fenomeno che usa le dinamiche e le meccaniche del gioco per orientare le scelte delle persone coinvolte che diventano parte attiva di un sistema. Viene definito il fenomeno e viene affrontato un percorso di approfondimento teorico delle motivazioni psicologiche alla base della gamification. Si espongono i fondamenti costituiti da engagement, loyalty e status. Viene illustrato l’MDA Framework riguardante le meccaniche, le dinamiche e l’estetica proprie del gioco utilizzate nella progettazione di sistemi gamificati, applicati a diversi ambiti della vita reale. Tale analisi è finalizzata alla realizzazione di una mobile app per la tutela della fauna selvatica in collaborazione con il CRAS di Ravenna che aveva bisogno di uno strumento che supportasse gli operatori nel recupero degli animali in difficoltà. Essa ha l’obiettivo di sviluppare un progetto di crowdsourcing con il coinvolgimento e la collaborazione di una community impegnata nel conseguimento dello stesso scopo. Gli utenti attraverso l’app inviano al CRAS segnalazioni dettagliate del ritrovamento di esemplari feriti ricevendo badge come riconoscimento e gratificazione, avanzando nella classifica e ottenendo visibilità e follower. Il progetto incentiva il virtual volunteering e rappresenta uno strumento di e-learning attraverso i manuali di primo soccorso a disposizione degli user. Esso contribuisce allo sviluppo di una strategia di smart city rendendo l’ambiente più sicuro per l’uomo e per gli animali poichè permette di individuare le aree con il maggior numero di incidenti stradali per il posizionamento di dissuasori e consente di realizzare attraversamenti alternativi per la fauna selvatica. Del progetto è stato implementato il client lato utente con le meccaniche di gamification e la relativa parte del server; mentre il client lato operatore è stato progettato, ma verrà sviluppato in futuro. Infine sono stati simulati due scenari d’uso.
8
Epps, Susan Bramlett. "Recognizing Principle." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2563.
Full text
9
Armstrong, Kris A. "The Separation Principle – A Principle for Programming Language Design." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1373382351.
Full text
10
Maisonnas, Jean Pierre. "La formation historique de la déontologie de l'avocat en France entre la naissance des juridictions royales et la loi du 31 décembre 1971, voix du Prince ou libéralisme ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3065.
Full textAbstract:
La déontologie des avocats émane-t-elle d’eux à raison des nécessités de l’exercice ou des autorités politiques parce qu’elle touche une tâche régalienne ? La France a peu hésité. S’inspirant notamment de THEODOSE puis JUSTINIEN, empruntant aux carolingiens et à la chevalerie une morale religieuse, les rois à compter de Saint LOUIS ont légiféré d’autant que la naissance des juridictions royales à la fin du XIIIème siècle stabilise le rôle et le titre de l’avocat. Les coutumes et les « stiles » complètent ce dispositif. Ces principes (loyauté, indépendance, respect) se transformeront au cours des époques en « usages ». Tant que l’avocat est un membre de l’institution judiciaire ayant vocation d’en devenir un cadre la déontologie reposait sur un consensus. La vénalité des charges lui ôtant cette promotion, le transforme en simple « auxiliaire », rétif aux injonctions au point de fomenter d’improbables grèves. Imprégné de la grandeur fantasmée de ses ancêtres antiques il préfère consolider son rang social (noblesse, préséance). A partir de LOUIS XIV la déontologie se fige. La Révolution balaie cet héritage multiséculaire. Pressés par les concepts de liberté et de gratuité les constituants, majoritairement avocats, suppriment la profession et les Parlements honnis. Des « défenseurs officieux », souvent sans foi ni loi, se substituent aux avocats. La déontologie disparut pendant vingt ans. Rétablis avec réticence par NAPOLEON, ces « factieux » lutteront tout le XIXème contre l’Etat pour la maîtrise des « usages » fragilisant un peu plus ceux-ci déjà traversés par les courants sociétaux (émancipation, nationalité). Le décret de 1920 régla cette situation qui faillit engloutir les Ordres. Jamais plus jusqu’en 1971 les avocats ne participeront à la définition de leurs règles. Tout au plus une association (ANA) fera avec succès des propositions. Les guerres illustrèrent le pouvoir d’intervention du Prince dans la déontologie en la suspendant, l’aménageant en profondeur (interdiction des juifs) ou en créant des institutions pérennes (CAPA). La France Libre conserva de Vichy tout ce qui ne heurtait pas des principes fondamentaux. Les années 54/57 introduisirent des modifications libérales (droit de manier des fonds, de s’associer, de réclamer des honoraires impayés). Il est un endroit où l’Etat n’a pas renoncé à l’avocat fonctionnaire : l’outre-mer. L’Algérie mise à part, « prolongement naturel de la France », dans les autres pays sous domination française, dans un désordre total, sans cette unité rêvée, la France a, dans l’indifférence des Ordres, créé une paradéontologie évoquant vaguement l’avoué. En dépit d’une prolifération législative la France n’a pas plus réussi à imposer une déontologie universelle. Usant de procédés imaginatifs renouvelés, les gouverneurs ont, principe de réalisme oblige, tout inventé pour sauver un système notoirement défaillant jusqu’à l’inadmissible (interdiction de plaider pour les indigènes). Dans les années 1930/1936 la République se résolut à instaurer des « barreaux libres », grosso modo calqués sur ceux de métropole, tentative libérale sans lendemain à raison de la guerre puis des conflits de décolonisation. Il faudrait réserver un sort à part à l’Algérie, « prolongement naturel de la France ». La Loi du 31 décembre 1971 en créant un « avoué plaidant » redouté par les caciques a initié une réforme profonde du rôle de l’avocat et posé ainsi les jalons d’une évolution ultérieure de la déontologie (institution d’une représentation nationale -CNB, octroi à celle-ci du pouvoir législatif en la matière). C’est néanmoins sans les avocats que fut publié le décret de déontologie en 2005. Une déontologie aussi linéaire s’explique par le souci pour le Prince d’assurer jusqu’à l’infini détail la perfection de sa mission de juger, une métaphysique du parfait. La marchandisation du droit, l’extension du domaine de l’avocat, l’industrialisation des acteurs contrarient cet objectif. La France tranchera-t-elle enfin ?<br>Is ethics of lawyers emanating from them because of the necessities of its exercise or from the political authorities because it touches a sovereign task? France has not hesitated. Inspired in particular by THEODOSIUS and JUSTINIAN, borrowing Carolingians and chivalry religious morals, kings from St. Louis have legislated especially as the birth of royal courts at the end of the thirteenth century stabilized the role and title of the lawyer. The customs and the "stiles" completed this device. These principles (loyalty, independence, respect) will change over time into "uses". As long as the lawyer is a member of the judicial institution with a vocation to become executive, the deontology was based on a consensus. The venality of the offices depriving him of this promotion, transforms him into a simple "auxiliary", wayward to the point of stirring unlikely strikes. Impregnated with the fantasized grandeur of his ancestors in the antiquity he prefers to consolidate his social rank (nobility, precedence). From LOUIS XIV the deontology (ethics) freezes. The Revolution sweeps away this multisecular heritage. Pressed by the concepts of freedom and gratuitousness, the constituents, mostly lawyers, suppress the profession and the parliaments that are being hated. "Unofficial defenders", often without faith or law, take the place of lawyers. Ethics disappeared for twenty years. Reluctantly reinstated by NAPOLEON, these "factious" struggle all the nineteenth against the state for the control of "uses" weakening them (already in butte to societal currents: emancipation, nationality) a little more. The decree of 1920 settled this situation, which almost engulfed the Orders. Never again until 1971 will lawyers participate in the definition of their rules. At most one association (ANA) will make successful proposals. The wars illustrated the Prince's power of intervention in deontology by suspending it, overhauling it (prohibiting Jews) or creating permanent institutions (CAPA). “France Libre” preserved from Vichy everything that did not conflict with fundamental principles. The years 54/57 introduced liberal modifications (the right to wield funds, to associate, to claim unpaid fees). It is a place where the state did not give up to make the lawyer a civil servant: overseas. Except for Algeria, a "natural extension of France", in other countries under french domination, in a total disorder, far from its dreamed unity, France has, in the indifference of the bar associations, created a paradeontology vaguely evoking the “avoué”. Despite a legislative abundance, France has no more succeeded in imposing a universal code of ethics. Using renewed imaginative processes, the governors have, as required by a principle of realism, all invented to save a notoriously failing system until the inadmissible (prohibition to plead for the natives). In the years 1930/1936 the Republic resolved to establish "free bars", roughly modeled on those of metropolis, a liberal attempt without a future because of the war and the conflicts of decolonization. The Law of December 31, 1971 creating a "pleading-solicitor" dreaded by the caciques initiated a profound reform of the role of the lawyer and laid the groundwork for a subsequent evolution of ethics (institution of a national representation -CNB granting it legislative power in this area). It was nevertheless without the lawyers that the decree of ethics was published in 2005. Such a linear deontology is explained by the concern for the Prince to ensure to the infinity detail the perfection of his mission to judge, a metaphysics of the perfect. The commodification of the law, the extension of the field of the lawyer, the industrialization of the actors contradict this objective. Will France finally decide ?
11
Romppanen, Maiju, Cecilia Kellgren, and Ladan Moradi. "Customer Loyalty Research : Can customer loyalty programs really build loyalty?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-729.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Background:</p><p>During the last decades the efforts to foster customer relationships have become important due to increased competition in the consumer markets. One of the most popular strategies have been to introduce customer loyalty programs which are believed to enhance the customer loyalty. The popularity of the customer loyalty programs is based on the beliefs that loyal customers are lucrative and these programs would bond the customers to the company. More recently however, the discussion whether these statements are accurate has started to blossom. Loyal customers are not necessarily as profitable as believed and it is not easy for companies to gain competitive advantage because almost all companies have similar customer clubs.</p><p>Purpose:</p><p>This thesis evaluates through a case study of a Swedish retail company whether customer loyalty programs manage to create loyalty among their members. Appropriate features of loyalty will be examined with the intention to evaluate whether there exists other factors outside the loyalty programs that are also influencing the creation of loyalty.</p><p>Method:</p><p>A qualitative study was conducted to answer the purpose of the thesis. Within the case study several semi-structured interviews were carried out with INTERSPORT and 20 telephone interviews with INTERSPORT customers. Empirical material was analyzed with a reflection to the theoretical framework and the research questions.</p><p>Conclusions:</p><p>Customer loyalty programs can enhance the creation of loyalty, but should be seen as a complement to other aspects of the business, namely, the product line, the customer service and the store concept. However, sustainable customer loyalty is difficult to obtain because many customers today are loyal to several companies instead of one.</p>
12
Sandin, Per. "The precautionary principle." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1506.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This thesis aims at providing reasonable explications of theprecautionary principle and the concept of precaution, todefend the precautionary principle against some commoncriticisms, and to give an indication of how the precautionaryprinciple might be operationalised.</p><p>In Essay I, the concept of precaution is analysed in termsof precautionary actions. Distinctions between precaution andtwo related concepts, prevention and pessimism, are discussed.A definition involving three necessary and jointly sufficientconditions is proposed as a reasonable explication of aprecautionary action.</p><p>Essay II attempts to provide an analytical apparatus whichmay be used for finding an authoritative formulation of theprecautionary principle. Several formulations of theprecautionary principle are examined. It is argued that theprecautionary principle can be recast into a four-dimensionalif-clause, and that this format can be used in negotiationsconcerning the precautionary principle.</p><p>In Essay III, the precautionary principle is defendedagainst five common charges, namely that it is ill-defined,absolutist, and a value judgement, increases risk-taking, andmarginalises science.</p><p>In Essay IV, a simple formalised model is introduced, inwhich the precautionary principle is interpreted in terms ofdefault values of chemicals regulation.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>Precautionary principle, precaution, risk</p>
13
Kumar, Rahul. "Consensualism in principle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284249.
Full text
14
Castellani, Elena, and Jenann Ismael. "Which Curie’s Principle?" UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625244.
Full textAbstract:
Is there more than one "Curie's principle"? How far are different formulations legitimate? What are the aspects that make it so scientifically fruitful? This article is devoted to exploring these questions. We begin by discussing Curie's original 1894 article. Then, we consider the way that the discussion of the principle took shape from early commentators to its modern form. We say why we think that the modern focus on the interstate version of the principle loses sight of some of the most significant applications of the principle. Finally, we address criticisms of the principle put forward by John Norton and Bryan Roberts.
15
McDowell, Mark Ian. "Principle and practice Karl Barth's scripture principle and his exegetical practice /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
16
Jonathan, Gideon Mekonnen, and Anna Kapetanakis. "How can loyalty programmes improve brand loyalty?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19934.
Full textAbstract:
Title: How can loyalty programmes improve brand loyalty? Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Author: Anna Kapetanakis, and Gideon Mekonnen Jonathan Supervisor: Sarah Philipson (Assistant Professor) Date: June, 2015 Aim: To investigate how customers loyalty can be improved through loyalty programmes. Method: Mixed approach, both qualitative and quantitative data, is chosen for this study. The qualitative data using telephone interviews with customers and the firm was carried out at the beginning of the study to formulate the survey. Online survey with closed questions, based on responses from the qualitative interviews and the theoretical framework, was designed and sent to 3500 potential respondents. The contact list from IvyWear’s CRM database was used to distribute the survey. 309 respondents (9%) completed the survey, which was available online for 7 days. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Result & Conclusions: The empirical data and analysis has shown that IvyWear customers can be categorised as “true loyals”, “latent loyals”, “spurious loyals”, and “not loyals”. It was also found that “bonuses and points” are the most preferred reward among customers that can be used to improve loyalty toward IvyWear. Suggestions for future research: The findings may not reflect brand loyalty and effects of loyalty programmes on loyalty beyond the clothing retail industry. Comprehensive study covering other industries and targeting respondents outside membership registers would provide deeper understanding of brand loyalty among customers. Contribution of the thesis: The study adds to the debate on loyalty programmes and how members of these programmes can be managed in the way that they can not only choose the brand, but also attract new customers through positive word of mouth. The results are particularly important for managers and marketers in the retail industry, who are under pressure to show the benefits of loyalty programmes. The results will be invaluable in the design of loyalty programmes to impact on the long-term profitability of firms.
17
Suikkanen, Jussi. "Contactualist principle and wrongness." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500546.
Full text
18
Morelli, Elena. "Smart Loyalty." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18491/.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi tratta della realizzazione di un'applicazione mobile con l'obiettivo di automatizzare la gestione dei clienti all'interno di un locale commerciale, rendendo il servizio offerto dall'esercente più veloce ed efficiente tramite l'impiego di un dispositivo beacon.
19
Davis, William John Gronow. "Investigating customer loyalty programmes : evolving to true customer loyalty." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85164.
Full textAbstract:
Customer loyalty programmes are widely regarded by companies as an effective means of achieving a strategic advantage over competitors and as a highly-effective platform to build lasting relationships with their most-valued customers. However, in today’s fast-paced world and loyalty-mature marketplace, customer loyalty programmes are showing signs of limited sustainability. Companies are starting to realise the importance of focusing on deeper, more meaningful, relevant and mutually-beneficial relationships with their customers in an attempt to sustain brand loyalty. The process of developing true customer loyalty involves companies adding extraordinary human level customer treatment.
The purpose of this study is to explore whether customer loyalty programmes are developing true customer loyalty amongst customers. This research study explicitly investigates the views, attitudes, beliefs and perceptions of consumers partaking in customer loyalty programmes. At the outset of the study a literature review was conducted to explore and discuss literature pertaining to the key concepts of this study, namely customer loyalty programmes and true customer loyalty. This research study initially made use of a qualitative research method in the form of a focus group. The findings from the focus group contributed to the design of the questionnaire for the survey. A survey formed the quantitative component of the research. The survey questionnaire was distributed by means of a mall intercept to shoppers in a predetermined shopping mall. The ordinal data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
The analysis indicated a marked disconnect between customer loyalty programmes and true customer loyalty. Customer loyalty programmes are generally regarded by customers as discount drivers rather than loyalty drivers. Customers indicated superior service, quality, trust and aligned values as key drivers in developing true customer loyalty. The majority of respondents stated that their selected customer loyalty programme was not developing true customer loyalty. The study provides a clear indication that customer loyalty programmes are not shifting attitudes that lead to ongoing behavioural change such as motivating multiple purchases.
A key recommendation resulting from this study is for companies to develop customer-centric loyalty programmes that sincerely consider the needs of the customer, rather than merely attempting to drive sales through discount initiatives masked as customer loyalty programmes.
20
Peloso, Antony Frederick. "The antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16028/1/Antony_Peloso_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing and maintaining customer loyalty has been shown to enhance service firm profitability. This research focuses on the antecedents of customer loyalty in a large
national North American banking organisation, in particular the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, and further within the organisation, the antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship. Thus the current research investigates the chain of events from managerial actions to customer loyalty with the aim of identifying relevant managerial practices and their influences within the organisation that lead to customer loyalty.
The research provides tangible evidence supporting the importance of providing
organisational resources to increase employee loyalty as a means of increasing customer
loyalty in service organisations. To achieve this goal, the study suggests that a
comprehensive set of managerial practices will enhance an organisation's service climate,
foster positive employee attitudes and behaviours in relation to service provision, that
impact on employee loyalty, service quality, and ultimately customer loyalty. These practices include support provided by senior leadership, the provision of resources that facilitate effective work practices, a positive management orientation on customers, and the use of employee evaluation and remuneration based on service-oriented behaviours and attitudes. By instituting these managerial practices, management can increase employee perceptions of self-efficacy, employees' beliefs in the abilities to perform well in their jobs, increase employee satisfaction, which in turn drive employee loyalty.
These managerial practices also enhance the favourable nature of the organisation's
service climate so that customer perceptions of service quality are likely to be more positive.
Overall the study provides evidence to support the existence of a chain of events from
managerial actions to employee and customer loyalty intentions. Evidence also exists to
support the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, so that higher
levels of loyalty within service a service organisation can potentially lead to higher levels of customer loyalty.
The implications of the research are that management within service organisations can
impact customer loyalty by focussing directly on service delivery issues and by providing a favourable service climate. Managers can also influence employee beliefs about their
abilities to do their jobs and the level of satisfaction employees have within those
organisational roles.
The study also suggests that a service organisation's service climate is an important
mechanism by which management can communicate to both employees and customers that a customer orientation is a primary managerial imperative. Finally, the study provides valuable insight into the processes by which employees perceive managerial orientation and support, and how those perceptions influence customer perceptions of service quality and impact on their loyalty intentions towards service organisations.
21
Peloso, Antony Frederick. "The antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16028/.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing and maintaining customer loyalty has been shown to enhance service firm profitability. This research focuses on the antecedents of customer loyalty in a large
national North American banking organisation, in particular the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, and further within the organisation, the antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship. Thus the current research investigates the chain of events from managerial actions to customer loyalty with the aim of identifying relevant managerial practices and their influences within the organisation that lead to customer loyalty.
The research provides tangible evidence supporting the importance of providing
organisational resources to increase employee loyalty as a means of increasing customer
loyalty in service organisations. To achieve this goal, the study suggests that a
comprehensive set of managerial practices will enhance an organisation's service climate,
foster positive employee attitudes and behaviours in relation to service provision, that
impact on employee loyalty, service quality, and ultimately customer loyalty. These practices include support provided by senior leadership, the provision of resources that facilitate effective work practices, a positive management orientation on customers, and the use of employee evaluation and remuneration based on service-oriented behaviours and attitudes. By instituting these managerial practices, management can increase employee perceptions of self-efficacy, employees' beliefs in the abilities to perform well in their jobs, increase employee satisfaction, which in turn drive employee loyalty.
These managerial practices also enhance the favourable nature of the organisation's
service climate so that customer perceptions of service quality are likely to be more positive.
Overall the study provides evidence to support the existence of a chain of events from
managerial actions to employee and customer loyalty intentions. Evidence also exists to
support the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, so that higher
levels of loyalty within service a service organisation can potentially lead to higher levels of customer loyalty.
The implications of the research are that management within service organisations can
impact customer loyalty by focussing directly on service delivery issues and by providing a favourable service climate. Managers can also influence employee beliefs about their
abilities to do their jobs and the level of satisfaction employees have within those
organisational roles.
The study also suggests that a service organisation's service climate is an important
mechanism by which management can communicate to both employees and customers that a customer orientation is a primary managerial imperative. Finally, the study provides valuable insight into the processes by which employees perceive managerial orientation and support, and how those perceptions influence customer perceptions of service quality and impact on their loyalty intentions towards service organisations.
22
Ow, Caryn. "A qualitative analysis of the loyalty building attributes of customer loyalty programs on gaining loyalty to brands." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1059.
Full textAbstract:
A paradigm shift from mass marketing to the concentrated focus on one-to-one marketing has led to a barrage of tactical strategies to instill long-tern consumer loyalty among organisations' most valued customers. At the forefronts of these strategies are customer loyalty programs. Since the inception of the first loyalty program, AAdvantage in 1981, the marketplace has seen a proliferation of these programs across a widening range of industries. Not surprisingly, this has led to significant interest in customer loyalty programs among academics and practitioners. Despite the skepticism of academics relating to the effects of loyalty programs, many organisations have allocated a large amount of the or marketing budgets to developing, implementing and maintaining customer loyalty programs in the hope of generating long-term loyalty in customers. To date, current evaluations of customer loyalty programs have assessed the effects of these programs by focussing on behavioural measures (such as repeat purchases) and on economic outcomes (such as market share, penetration and share of wallet.) While these traditional measures have contributed to the understanding of consumer loyalty and evaluations of a program’s success, it has been recognised by researchers that the measures are inadequate to determine and explain the loyalty-building attributes of loyalty programs. Moreover, studies from the viewpoint of consumers remain lacking. In an attempt to bridge the gap, this qualitative study explores the attributes of customer loyalty programs that result in consumer loyalty to brands from the perspective of the consumer. The fundamental significance of this study is the integration of the behavioural and the attitudinal theoretical approaches used to investigate these attributes. In addition to this integrative approach, the study incorporates theories from relationship marketing. The components of loyalty and attributes of loyalty programs that were investigated were drawn from an extensive review of the brand loyalty, relationship marketing and customer loyalty program literatures. These components and attributes were deemed to be the most significant in establishing long-term consumer loyalty. The data for this qualitative study were derived from twenty-four semi-structured focused interviews with consumers who qualified as members of customer loyalty programs. The tentative conclusions drawn from this research are that from consumer’s points of view: (i) the act of loyalty is exhibited by the continual repeat purchase of the same product from the same store, (ii) the key to a successful customer loyalty program is the implementation of a program that is flexible to its members, (iii) the key to a defensive orientated loyalty program is a good incentive structure and an effective communication program, and (iv) the development and sustenance of a relationship between a consumer and an organisation is vital to the brand loyalty process. The results of this exploratory study provide a deeper understanding of the customer loyalty program phenomenon and the identification of program attributes that result in long-term consumer loyalty from the perspective of consumers. This research highlights that further investigation is required into the loyalty-building attributes of customer loyalty programs, and this will be central to the development of loyalty programs that satisfy consumers and effectively establish long-term loyalty to brands.
23
Moslehi, Sadegh. "Mach’s principle and modified gravity." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
It was after the discussion about the nature of matter and space among scientists and philosophers,meanwhile Newton presented more accurate theories based on his equations. Newton believed that time and space are absolute, and he based his principles upon this belief.After him many scientists presented sometimes complementary or different theories.Mach was one of the famous scientists who had another ideas different from Newton, that later used and considered by Einstein as the completion of general relativity and named it Mach's principle. Although later Einstein rejected some subjects of this principle such as the reference frame. He succeeded to explain the relation between space and time according to the field equation which extracted from his theory and pull over the Newton’s absolute space
In fact Mach's theories and thoughts had such a significant impact on change the point of view of scientists towards substance in universe. Today we dare to say that students are less aware of his attempts in evolution and revolutions that happened in physics early by Newton and then by Einstein.In recent years and probably less than half a century, scientists that proved general relativity theory due to the experiments (about the investigation of substance's nature and space and the influence of gravity on them) decided to create a unified theory between the four main forces in nature.Therefore, gravity was always the main reason that left all the efforts unfinished.This was the reason that scientists decided to modify the gravity which clearly affects the Einstein field equation,which maybe can create a new approach to unify the gravity force with other main forces in nature.In this thesis I tried to investigate one of these efforts for modified gravity and show its role in couple of matter and space in a format by using several theories and hypotheses (such as f(R) gravity,Pressuron etc.) raised in recent years. Although there is still a long way to reach the main answer
24
Mantke, Wolfgang Johann. "Picture independent quantum action principle." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29850.
Full text
25
Young, Jonathan Fraser. "Subverting the hard-soft principle." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417548.
Full text
26
Laures, Gerd. "The topological q-expansion principle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38420.
Full text
27
Dong, Jin. "First-principle based pharmacokinetic modeling." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/128.
Full textAbstract:
Predicting drug concentrations in the blood and at the site of action is the hottest topic in pharmacokinetics (PK). In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiological based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models are two major PK prediction strategies. However, both IVIVE and PBPK models are considered as immature methodologies due to their poor predictability. The goal of the research is to investigate the discrepancies within IVIVE and PBPK predictions according to first-principles: convection, diffusion, metabolism, and carrier-mediated transport. In Chapter 2, non-permeability limited hepatic elimination under perfusion steady state is examined. The well-stirred model is re-derived from the convection-dispersion-elimination equation when both dispersion and concentration gradient are ignored and re-named as the zero-gradient model. Pang and Rowland’s lidocaine data are re-analyzed. Their data analysis was based on an unfair comparison of the zero-gradient and parallel- tube models at two different efficiency number ranges. The interference of sensitivity greatly biased the comparison. I also show that both theoretical discussions and experimental results indicate that apparent intrinsic clearance and intrinsic clearance could be affected by blood flow and protein binding. In Chapter 3, I discuss permeability limited hepatic elimination under perfusion steady state. Permeability limited elimination is classified to diffusion dominated, carrier-mediated transport mediated, and mixed effects based on drug passage mechanisms. Each of these three drug passage classes is sub-divided to sink condition and finite volume condition based on the boundary conditions of drug passage. In Chapter 4, the discrepancies within IVIVE for both non-permeability limited and permeability limited drugs are explored. The deficiencies in assay design and data analysis of common in vitro metabolism assays are investigated. The scaling/converting equations for both non-permeability limited and permeability limited drugs are derived. In Chapter 5, I focus on transient PK models. Numerical analysis using finite difference and finite volume methods are introduced into the derivation and discussion of transient PBPK models. In addition, the use of partition coefficient in the non-eliminating tissue/organ models is discussed.
28
Trueman, Robert Michael. "Internalism and the context principle." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607963.
Full text
29
Kalman, Timea, and Emma Simonsson. "Loyalty Program Avoidance." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4750.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Loyalty programs have become an important element of the modern company and its existence can be noticed in every kind of businesses. The aim with loyalty programs is to win customers loyalty in order to keep them away from the competitors. However, there are some issues existing in creating and maintaining long-term relationships, for instance when consumers choose to decline participation in loyalty programs. A qualitative research method with an inductive approach has been used, by using the interview method CIT to collect the empirical data. 82 open-ended interviews were made with respondents from Sweden and Hungary in order to identify possible differences in loyalty program avoidance between the two countries. Based on the answers, a model with factors that indicates loyalty program avoidance was created, which represent the foundation of the literature review. The result of the study has shown that both similarities and dissimilarities between the nationalities exist, where the major difference is preference of convenience and personal issues. The study indicates that the Swedish consumers tend to reject loyalty program offers for the convenience reasons, in terms of store distance and bad service, while the Hungarian consumers are more concerned about their personal integrity, such as trust and privacy. However, similarities that could be clearly observed were issues with commitment, gaining benefits and struggling with time pressure.</p>
30
Åbom, Malin. "Contemporary Organizational Loyalty : A Study about Loyalty within the Consulting Trade." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12113.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Organizational Loyalty is a concept which is becoming increasingly important to discuss in today‘s society; employment agencies and consulting companies are losing staff by the hour however if that is a consequence of not being loyal to the employer, implies that people know what the term Organizational Loyalty actually means. Or not. This thesis‘s purpose was to investigate what Organizational Loyalty is within the consulting trade, to sensitize for the consulting business‘s the different factors that seem to influence loyalty and to give recommendations as to what might be done in order to make employees who work as consultants within the consulting trade experience more loyal to the organization which they are employed at. The analyzed material managed to reveal that loyalty is more than just a word within the consulting trade; it is an important mean of delivering high quality services to a company‘s customers and the only way for employers to attempt making employees more loyal to the organization is by respecting different factors that seem to influence loyalty to the organization and reinforcing these when they are in contact with the employees. By and large, the results suggest that there is a significance of defining Organizational Loyalty as something more than just a term within the consulting business; it is the underlying dimensions that together create the actual meaning of what it is and by knowing what the significance of Organizational Loyalty is, employers might be able to work better for reinforcing loyalty among their employees.</p>
31
GELMINI, FRANCESCA. "IL PRINCIPIO DI LEALE COOPERAZIONE NEL DIRITTO DELLA CONCORRENZA DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/706995.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente studio ha come oggetto lo studio del principio di leale cooperazione nell’applicazione degli articoli 101 e 102 TFUE (“norme antitrust”). In particolare, intende esaminare la sua concreta applicazione nei rapporti intercorrenti tra i diversi soggetti competenti ad applicare gli articoli 101 e 102 TFUE, quali la Commissione, le autorità nazionali garanti della concorrenza e i giudici nazionali. La ricerca si sviluppa lungo tre linee di ricerca. La prima parte è dedicata ad una ricostruzione delle origini e dell’evoluzione del principio di leale cooperazione nell’ordinamento dell’Unione europea: viene dapprima analizzato l’apporto della giurisprudenza, poi la consacrazione del principio nel Trattato di Lisbona, e infine il suo rapporto con il principio del primato, dell’effetto diretto e dell’autonomia istituzionale e procedurale degli Stati membri. L’affermazione del principio del primato del diritto dell’Unione è da sempre stata accompagnata, nella giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia, dal riconoscimento dell’autonomia istituzionale e procedurale degli Stati membri, conducendo ad un conflitto continuo tra esigenze contrapposte: da un lato la necessità di garantire un’applicazione piena ed efficace del diritto dell’Unione, dall’altro lato la volontà degli Stati di mantenere intatta la propria sfera di autonomia. Il ricorso alle strutture proprie degli Stati membri rischia tuttavia di compromettere l’attuazione uniforme ed efficace del diritto dell’Unione, a causa dell’eterogeneità delle soluzioni nazionali. Il tale contesto, il principio di leale cooperazione svolge un ruolo centrale, imponendo agli Stati membri di utilizzare le proprie strutture e procedure per perseguire l’impegno comune, non potendo la conservazione dell’autonomia istituzionale e procedurale condurre ad una compromissione degli impegni assunti dagli Stati membri. L’autonomia degli Stati membri è stata così gradualmente compressa, in nome della necessità di convivere con altri principi di matrice europea, quali il principio del primato, dell’effetto diretto e dell’effetto utile. Tale ricostruzione è finalizzata a delineare i confini e la portata del principio di leale cooperazione, per poterlo poi declinare nel diritto della concorrenza in cui è chiamato a svolgere un ruolo centrale. La seconda parte dello studio si concentra sull’analisi del principio di leale cooperazione nell’applicazione pubblicistica degli articoli 101 e 102 TFUE (“norme antitrust”). Dapprima, sono esaminate le relazioni tra le autorità nazionali garanti della concorrenza e la Commissione europea, analizzando gli strumenti di cooperazione verticali ed orizzontali. Successivamente, è posta l’attenzione sulla tensione tra l’esigenza di garantire l’applicazione efficace delle norme della concorrenza dell’Unione e l’esigenza di avvalersi di strumenti giuridici propri degli ordinamenti nazionali per darvi attuazione. Le autorità nazionali sono chiamate ad applicare le stesse regole sostanziali, ma il loro assetto istituzionale e procedurale si differenzia da Stato a Stato. In tale ottica, lo studio procede ad un esame in chiave comparatistica dell’ordinamento francese e di quello italiano, in tema di poteri di indagine delle autorità nazionali garanti della concorrenza, di modalità di calcolo delle sanzioni e di programmi di trattamento favorevole, facendo emergere i principali punti di divergenza tra i sistemi. La terza parte dello studio, partendo dall’analisi dei meccanismi di cooperazione tra le autorità garanti della concorrenza (autorità nazionali garanti della concorrenza e Commissione) e gli organi giurisdizionali, conclude con una discussione sulle problematiche che emergono dall’interazione tra l’applicazione pubblicistica e quella privatistica degli articoli 101 e 102 TFUE. L’elaborato, analizzando gli istituti, i principi e comparando le regole procedurali del sistema francese e di quello italiano, mira a fare emergere le problematiche legate al ricorso di strumenti giuridici propri degli ordinamenti nazionali per l’applicazione delle medesime norme sostanziali, gli articoli 101 e 102 TFUE.<br>The aim of the research is to analyse the principle of loyal cooperation in the application of articles 101 and 102 TFEU (“antitrust rules”). The study is carried out along three different lines of research. The first part examines the origin and development of the principle of loyal cooperation in the European Union: first, the contribution of the relevant case law is analysed, then the consolidation of the principle in the Lisbon Treaty, and finally, its relationship with the principle of primacy, direct effect and institutional and procedural autonomy of the Members States. The affirmation of the principle of the primacy of EU law has always been accompanied, in the case law of the Court of Justice, by the recognition of the institutional and procedural autonomy of the Member States, leading to a continuous conflict between opposing needs; on the one hand, the need to ensure a full and effective application of EU law and, on the other hand, the willingness of the States to maintain their own sphere of autonomy intact. However, the use of Member States' own structures risks jeopardizing the uniform and effective implementation of EU law, due to the heterogeneity of national solutions. In this context, the principle of loyal cooperation plays a central role requiring Member States to use their structures and procedures to pursue the objectives of the Union. This reconstruction is aimed at outlining the boundaries and scope of the principle of loyal cooperation, so that it can then be analysed into competition law in which it has a central role to play. The second part of the study focuses on the principle of loyal cooperation in regard to the public application of Article 101 and 102 TFEU. First, it examines the relationship between national competition authorities and the European Commission, analysing vertical and horizontal cooperation tools. Secondly, it analyses the tension between the need to ensure effective enforcement of the antitrust rules and the need to use national legal mechanisms to implement those rules. National authorities must apply the same substantive rules, but their institutional and procedural structure differs from State to State. In this context, the study examines the French and Italian legal systems on a comparative basis, with regard to the powers of investigation of the national competition authorities, the methods for calculating penalties and leniency programmes, highlighting the main points of divergence between the systems. The third part of the study consists of starting with an analysis of mechanism for cooperation between the competition authorities (national competition authorities and the Commission) and the courts, and in conclusion with a discussion of the issues arising from the interaction between the public and private application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. The common thread of this thesis is the use of the principle of loyal cooperation as a keystone to achieve the balance between the need to create a level playing field and the need not to make the principle of autonomy of Member States a “lost paradise.”
32
Angelo, Maria Cristina. "The Gromov weak homotopy equivalence principle." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13525/.
Full textAbstract:
The h-principle is a general homotopic way to solve partial differential equations and, more generally, partial differential relations. The theory was started by Y. Eliashberg, M. Gromov and A. V. Philips and it allows one to reduce a differential topological problem to an algebraic topological problem.
A way to prove the h-principle is by Convex Integration Theory. Developed originally by Gromov, it is applied to solve relations in jet spaces, including certain classes of undetermined non-linear systems of partial differential equations.
The h-principle occurs for instance in immersion problems, isometric immersion problems and other areas. A counter-intuitive result which can be proved by applying the h-principle is the sphere eversion without creasing or tearing.
This thesis consists of three parts. In the first chapter we introduce the concept of fiber bundle, which is a space that is locally a product space but globally may have a different topological structure, and the concept of jet bundle, a construction that makes a new smooth fiber bundle out of a given smooth fiber bundle. In the second chapter we develop the Gromov Convex Integration Theory that provides the main general topological method for solving the h-principle for a wide variety of problems in differential geometry and topology, with applications also to PDEs theory and to optimal control theory. Finally, in the last chapter, we examine some relations for which the h-principle holds.
33
Eggers, Barbara. "The precautionary principle in WTO law." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/451/Disse.pdf.
Full text
34
Andersson, Daniel. "Contributions to the Stochastic Maximum Principle." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11301.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of four papers treating the maximum principle for stochastic control problems. In the first paper we study the optimal control of a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) of mean-field type, where the coefficients are allowed to depend on the law of the process. Moreover, the cost functional of the control problem may also depend on the law of the process. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are derived in the form of a maximum principle, which is also applied to solve the mean-variance portfolio problem. In the second paper, we study the problem of controlling a linear SDE where the coefficients are random and not necessarily bounded. We consider relaxed control processes, i.e. the control is defined as a process taking values in the space of probability measures on the control set. The main motivation is a bond portfolio optimization problem. The relaxed control processes are then interpreted as the portfolio weights corresponding to different maturity times of the bonds. We establish existence of an optimal control and necessary conditons for optimality in the form of a maximum principle, extended to include the family of relaxed controls. The third paper generalizes the second one by adding a singular control process to the SDE. That is, the control is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure and its influence on the state is thus not continuous in time. In terms of the portfolio problem, this allows us to consider two investment possibilities - bonds (with a continuum of maturities) and stocks - and incur transaction costs between the two accounts. In the fourth paper we consider a general singular control problem. The absolutely continuous part of the control is relaxed in the classical way, i.e. the generator of the corresponding martingale problem is integrated with respect to a probability measure, guaranteeing the existence of an optimal control. This is shown to correspond to an SDE driven by a continuous orthogonal martingale measure. A maximum principle which describes necessary conditions for optimal relaxed singular control is derived.<br>QC 20100618
35
Mokal, Rizwaan Jameel. "Consistency of principle in corporate liquidation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270410.
Full text
36
Parker, Jayson L. "An organizing principle of thalamic plasticity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/NQ41268.pdf.
Full text
37
Le, Pennec Erwan. "Some (statistical) applications of Ockham's principle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802653.
Full textAbstract:
Ce manuscrit présente mes contributions scientifiques de ces dix dernières années à l'interface entre traitement d'image et statistique. Il débute par l'étude d'un exemple jouet, l'estimation de la moyenne d'un vecteur gaussien, qui permet de présenter le type de question statistique auquel je me suis intéressé, de souligner l'importance de la théorie de l'approximation et de présenter le principe de parcimonie d'Ockham. Après une brève description de l'ensemble des contributions, le manuscrit s'organise autour des modèles statistiques que j'ai pu rencontrés: modèle de bruit blanc, modèle de densité et modèle de densité conditionnelle.
38
Ekfeldt, Philip, and Anders Pettersson. "Experimental Demonstrator of the Uncertainty Principle." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129286.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this project was to create an intuitive and clear demonstrator of the dening properties of quantum mechanics using single slit diraction of light, which has quantum mechanical properties because of light's waveparticle duality. In this report we will describe the process and thoughts behind our project of creating a portable demonstration of the uncertainty principle. By designing and building both a physical setup with a laser, a slit, mirrors, lenses, beam-splitters, attenuators and cameras, and developing software which displays images from the cameras in a clear user interface with calculations we hope that students from high schools and gymnasiums that visit Vetenskapens Hus at Alba Nova will learn something new while using the demonstrator.
39
McClure, J. L. "The discounting principle in attribution theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379936.
Full text
40
Eady, Dennis. "Miscarriages of justice : the uncertainty principle." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54837/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines in detail the potential for error and distortion in the criminal justice process and the concept of case construction which may contribute to wrongful convictions. The effectiveness of post conviction procedures is then also considered. Three detailed case studies are utilised to illustrate case construction, post conviction issues and current social/cultural factors that may impact on miscarriages of justice. The thesis argues that the "Uncertainty Principle" permeates the criminal justice process such that wrongful convictions are an inevitable risk and moreover that, while there are certain safeguards that protect from some of the problems of the past, there remains a high potential for such events to occur. This potential is exacerbated by the current political "convictionist" rhetoric and policy framework and by trends and developments in the media world and the consequent social influence of this. Further concerns are expressed at the continuing reluctance of post conviction agencies, most notably the Court of Appeal, to fully recognise the risks inherent in the system. Consequently post-conviction procedures continue to function on the principle of finality within the system and prioritise the protection of the decisions of the lower courts. It is argued that the principle should not be finality but uncertainty and that the protection of the innocent rather than the protection of the image of the system should be the paramount concern. The thesis considers the often illusory nature of some of the principles of the criminal justice system and utilises notions of "magical legalism" (Cohen 2001) and other psychological processes that may be involved in maintaining the illusions. Some recommendations for change are proposed, focusing primarily on the philosophical change that is required to change the principles originally designed to protect the innocent from illusion into reality.
41
Arechavaleta-Servin, Gustavo. "An optimality principle governing human walking." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260990.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif dans ce travail est d'étudier la locomotion humaine. Notre approche met en évidence le rapport qui existe entre la forme géométrique des trajectoires locomotrices et le modèle cinématique simplifié d'un robot mobile à roues. Ce type de système a déjà été longtemps étudié dans le domaine de la robotique. D'un point de vue purement cinématique, la particularité d'un robot à roues est la contrainte non holonome qui impose au robot de se déplacer toujours selon la tangente à son axe principal. Dans le cas de la marche humaine, les observations nous montrent que les humains marchent vers l'avant et la direction instantanée du corps est tangente à la trajectoire qu'ils réalisent (dû à certains restrictions mécanique, anatomique... du corps au moment de la marche). Ce couplage entre la direction et la position du corps impose une contrainte non holonome parce qu'elle ne restreint pas la dimension de l'espace accessible à partir d'une configuration quelconque. Du point de vue du conducteur, une voiture possède deux commandes : l'accélérateur et le volant. La première question abordée ici peut être formulée de la manière suivante : où se trouve le ''volant'' du corps humain ? Plusieurs repères ont été associés aux différents parties du squelette (tête, tronc et bassin). Dans notre étude expérimentale nous montrons qu'il existe un repère qui prend en compte la nature non holonome de la locomotion humaine et que c'est le tronc qui joue le rôle du "volant". Nous avons validé notre modèle avec une base de données de 1560 trajectoires enregistrées à partir des trajectoires faites par 7 sujets. La deuxième question abordée dans ce travail est la suivante : parmi toutes les trajectoires possibles qui existent pour atteindre une position avec une orientation données, pourquoi l'humain effectue une trajectoire au lieu d'une autre ? Afin de donner une possible réponse à cette question, nous avons fait appel à la commande optimale : les trajectoires ont été choisies sel on un critère à optimiser. Dans cette perspective, le sujet est vu comme un système de commande, donc, la question devient : quel est le critère à optimiser ? est-ce la longueur de la trajectoire ? ou le temps parcouru ? ou la secousse minimale ?... Dans cet étude nous montrons que les trajectoires locomotrices peuvent être approximées par les géodésiques d'un système différentiel minimisant la norme de la commande. Ces géodésiques sont composés de morceaux de clothoides. Une clothoide, ou spirale de Cornu, est une courbe dont la courbure varie linéairement en fonction de l'abscisse curviligne. Nous montrons que le 90% des trajectoires faites par les 7 sujets ont été approximées avec une erreur moyenne de moins de 10cm. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail nous réalisons la synthèse numérique de trajectoires optimales dans l'espace atteignable. Il s'agit de partitionner l'espace des configurations par rapport aux différents types de trajectoires optimales qui peuvent relier l'origine à un point dans cet espace. Deux points appartiennent à une même cellule si les trajectoires parcourues sont de même type. Dans la plupart des cas le passage entre deux cellules adjacentes se fait par une déformation continue des trajectoires. Il est remarquable de noter que les rares cas de discontinuités du modèle proposé correspondent précisément aux changements de stratégies observées chez les sujets.
42
Vignoles, Vivian L. "Identity, culture and the distinctiveness principle." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2138/.
Full text
43
Vokrínek, Luka. "A generalization of Vassiliev's h-principle." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439901.
Full text
44
Massimi, Michela. "Pauli's exclusion principle : a philosophical perspective." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272118.
Full text
45
Barton, Una Marie. "The responsivity principle and offender rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419049.
Full text
46
Massam, Diane. "Case theory and the Projection Principle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15172.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1985.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES<br>Bibliography: leaves 390-407.<br>by Diane Massam.<br>Ph.D.
47
Pang, Huadong. "Parabolic equations without a minimum principle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38958.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).<br>In this thesis, we consider several parabolic equations for which the minimum principle fails. We first consider a two-point boundary value problem for a one dimensional diffusion equation. We show the uniqueness and existence of the solution for initial data, which may not be continuous at two boundary points. We also examine the circumstances when these solutions admit a probabilistic interpretation. Some partial results are given for analogous problems in more than one dimension.<br>by Huadong Pang.<br>Ph.D.
48
Musiał, Wojciech S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The trial of the holographic principle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83804.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).<br>We present an introduction to ideas related to the holographic principle in the context of the well-established duality between classical gravity and conformal fluid dynamics. Foundations of relativistic hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and geometry of anti-de Sitter spaces are discussed. We then detail an explicit calculation relating the dynamics of a non-stationary nonsymmetrical 3+1 dimensional black hole on an anti-de Sitter background to the dynamics of a 2+1 conformal fluid. The correspondence is established in a perturbative series expansion of the black hole metric, corresponding to a hydrodynamical expansion of the stress-energy tensor of the dual fluid. The stress-energy tensor of the dual fluid, whose conservation arises as a consequence of Einstein field equations of the dual black hole, is calculated via the Brown-York prescription augmented with renormalization of divergences. While the fluid-gravity idea is well-established, our careful analytic computation finds a form of the metric computed at second order in the gradient expansion that differs in some respects from results in previous literature. We finally report results of our work to realize the fluid-gravity duality numerically. We have solved 2nd order hydrodynamic flow numerically and attempted to construct the black hole metric dual to the flow. Investigation of power law scaling of the Einstein tensor indicates success at 0th and 1st, but not the 2nd order. We have also observed in a low-resolution simulation that the hydrodynamic flow supports turbulence, which prompts the question of the interpretation of dual turbulent behavior of the black hole geometry.<br>by Wojciech Musiał.<br>S.B.
49
Chen, Huanting. "Portfolio Construction Using Principle Component Analysis." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/927.
Full textAbstract:
"Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is an important mathematical technique widely used in the world of quantitative finance. The ultimate goal of this paper is to construct a portfolio with hedging positions, which is able to outperform the SPY benchmark in terms of the Sharpe ratio. Mathematical techniques implemented in this paper besides principle component analysis are the Sharpe ratio, ARMA, ARCH, GARCH, ACF, and Markowitz methodology. Information about these mathematical techniques is listed in the introduction section. Through conducting in sample analysis, out sample analysis, and back testing, it is demonstrated that the quantitative approach adopted in this paper, such as principle component analysis, can be used to find the major driving factor causing movements of a portfolio, and we can perform a more effective portfolio analysis by using principle component analysis to reduce the dimensions of a financial model."
50
Pino, Giorgio. "Fundamental rights and the proportionality principle." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118697.
Full textAbstract:
The paper assesses the widespread use of the test of proportionality in fundamental rights adjudication. While constitutional and human rights courts all over the world appear to be consistently engaged in deploying the test of proportionality in order to assess the permissibility of a given rights limitation, this approach is under severe criticism insofar as it is considered an attack to the very idea of fundamental rights. The paper will discuss this criticism of the use of proportionality, and will provide a defense of its use by courts in light of some basic features of the contemporary discourse of fundamental rights.<br>El artículo evalúa el uso generalizado de la prueba de proporcionalidad en la adjudicación de derechos fundamentales. Mientras que los tribunales constitucionales y de derechos humanos de todo el mundo parecen estar constantemente involucrados en el despliegue de la prueba de proporcionalidad para evaluar la permisibilidad de una determinada limitación de derechos, este enfoque está sometido a severas críticas en tanto que se considera un ataque a la idea misma de Derechos fundamentales. El artículo discutirá esta crítica al uso del principio de proporcionalidad y ofrecerá una defensa de su uso por los tribunales a la luz de algunas características básicas del discurso contemporáneo de los derechos fundamentales.