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1
Knight, Ray A., and Lee G. Knight. "Three key methods for valuing profitable closely held companies." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 5, no. 1 (1993): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.3970050109.
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Tillett, H. E., and R. G. Carpenter. "Statistical methods applied in microbiology and epidemiology." Epidemiology and Infection 107, no. 3 (December 1991): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049165.
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Those who work in any area of public health are exposed to large amounts of data and processed information. Some acquaintance with statistical methods can make that exposure more profitable. The objectives of this paper are to describe a suitable framework for governing scientific investigations which involve applied statistics, and to set down guidelines for research workers preparing material for publication. Final sections suggest further reading and give a brief description of some of the statistical software available to assist analysis.
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Damodaran, Purushothaman, and Wilbert E. Wilhelm. "Branch-and-Price Methods for Prescribing Profitable Upgrades of High-Technology Products with Stochastic Demands*." Decision Sciences 35, no. 1 (February 2004): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5414.2004.02420.x.
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Lenth, Russell V. "So Much Data So Little Math: How to Predict Data Trends, 5 Easy Profitable Methods." American Statistician 55, no. 3 (August 2001): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/tas.2001.s121.
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Evans, William B., Kenneth W. Hood, Peter M. Hudson, and Keri L. Paridon. "ORGANIC VEGETABLE CULTURE IN MISSISSIPPI: GROWING AND PROFITABLE." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 509B—509. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.509b.
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Yield and economics of vegetable crops are being evaluated in non-adjacent organic (OG) and nonorganic (NOG) vegetable production field areas in Crystal Springs, Mississippi. Each production area has six sections in which crops are rotated over several seasons and years. Production techniques and management are as similar in timing and methodology as possible between the systems without compromising either system. Production methods, timing, and costs are recorded for each operation. These are combined with yield data to create budgets and estimated returns for each production system/crop combination. When possible, harvested produce is marketed by a cooperating grower-retailer at a local mid- to up-scale farmers market. Three years into the study, positive returns have been found for several crops including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), and others. Marketable new potato yields in 2005 were under 10,000 lb/acre for Yukon Gold and Red Lasoda in either production system. Estimated net returns, based on an actual $2.00/lb market price, were positive for all system/cultivar combinations although final budget numbers are not firm. Significant differences in yield among cultivars were seen in potato, lettuce, summer squash, and cucumber. Organic production budgets for other crops in the study are also being developed.
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Rao, Upendra, Ramana Murthy, Madhu Kumar, Visalakashmi Varupula, N. Hari Satyanarayana, and S. Govinda Rao. "Alternate Crop Establishment Methods for Water-Saving and High Rice Productivity in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.3.07.
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A field study was carried for two consecutive kharif and rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 on farmer’s fields across 15 locations each year during kharif and 9 locations each year - during rabi in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. We tested five crop establishment methods viz., dry direct sowing using fertilizer-cum seed drill under irrigated conditions, drum seeding, systems of rice intensification (SRI), mechanized transplanting using rice 8 row yanmar transplanter, and manual transplanting. Study findings revealed that transplanting with rice planter emerged as high yielding method of establishment where the grain yield was higher by 9.21% over manual transplanting. Dry direct sowing was found to be highly profitable method of rice establishment by recording higher net returns Rs. 12596/ha compared to manual planting. Dry direct sowing and SRI proved as water productive rice establishment methods which took lesser water by 22.45% and 18.78% compared to manual transplanting during kharif. Whereas during rabi, drum seeding proved as profitable and water saving method of crop establishment in rice.
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Reinartz, Werner J., and V. Kumar. "The Impact of Customer Relationship Characteristics on Profitable Lifetime Duration." Journal of Marketing 67, no. 1 (January 2003): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.1.77.18589.
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The authors develop a framework that incorporates projected profitability of customers in the computation of lifetime duration. Furthermore, the authors identify factors under a manager's control that explain the variation in the profitable lifetime duration. They also compare other frameworks with the traditional methods such as the recency, frequency, and monetary value framework and past customer value and illustrate the superiority of the proposed framework. Finally, the authors develop several key implications that can be of value to decision makers in managing customer relationships.
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Popp, A. John, Todd Scrime, Benjamin R. Cohen, Paul J. Feustel, Karen Petronis, Sharon Habiniak, John B. Waldman, and Margaret M. Vosburgh. "Factors affecting profitability for craniotomy." Neurosurgical Focus 12, no. 4 (April 2002): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2002.12.4.5.
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Object The authors studied factors influencing hospital profitability after craniotomy in patients who underwent craniotomy coded as diagnosis-related group (DRG) 1 (17 years of age with nontraumatic disease without complication) and who met their hospital's craniotomy pathway criteria and had a hospital length of stay 4 days or less during a 20-month period. Methods Data in all patients meeting these criteria (76 cases) were collected and collated from various hospital databases. Twenty-one cases were profitable and 55 were not. Variables traditionally influencing cost of care, such as surgeon, procedure, length of operation, and pharmacy use had no significant effect on whether a patient was profitable. The most important influence on profitability was the individual payor. Cases in which care was reimbursed under the prospective payment system based on DRGs were nearly always profitable whereas those covered by per diem plans were nearly always nonprofitable. Conclusions 1) Hospital information systems should be customized to deliver consolidated data for timely analysis of cost of care for individual patients. This information may be useful in negotiating profitable contracts. 2) A clinical pathway was successful in reducing the difference in cost of care between profitable and nonprofitable postcra-niotomy cases. 3) In today's health care environment both cost containment and revenue assume importance in determining profitability.
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Csikosova, Adriana, Maria Janoskova, and Katarina Culkova. "Application of Discriminant Analysis for Avoiding the Risk of Quarry Operation Failure." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13100231.
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Activity in the mining industry is based on the profitability principle similar to other business sectors. In the case of stone pits, gravel and sand quarries, it presents a very complex task, mainly due to the fact that the economy of localities is influenced greatly by natural conditions, which cannot be changed. The presented contribution deals with the problem of how mining companies, realizing the surface extraction of construction materials, could be profitable in the future. The main research method of this contribution presents regression and correlation analyses with the goal of determining parameters with a decisive influence on the future economic development of the locality. A complex system of stone pit, gravel and sand quarries demanded discriminant analysis to evaluate individual localities with the goal of dividing them into profitable and not profitable localities. The results of the contribution divide localities of quarry mining among profitable or not profitable, serving for predicting the future development of the company, based on discriminant analysis. The results of maximally possible measures respect assumptions, enabling the correct application of such multivariate statistical methods. A further orientation of the research in an area of model creation for predicting the future development of the company is possible in the application of logistic regression and neuron nets.
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Kovács, György. "Innovative Mathematical Methods and New Software Applications for Cost-Effective, Profitable and Environmentally Friendly Freight Transport." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 2659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/93779.
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Jahan, Dr Afifa, Dr R. Arunjyothi, Dr M. Jagan Mohan Reddy, Dr T. Prabhakar Reddy, M. Rajasheker, A. Shankar, B. Rajasheker, and K. Rama Krishna. "Evaluation of harvesting Abelmoschus esculentus (OKRA) with improved technology for profitable agriculture compared to traditional methods." Pharma Innovation 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i2h.5728.
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Lluz, Eunice L., and Madelyn Yruma. "COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF Brassica Napus L. Varchinensis (PECHAY) USING DIFFERENT METHODS OF CULTIVATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.733.
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A Cost and return analysis of small scale production of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) production using different methods of cultivation was evaluated based on the growth and yield performance of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) from field trial. An experiment was undertaken involving four treatments with two methods of planting and two levels of plant density and layed out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with replications. Results showed that the survival rate and growth of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) based on the actual number of plants, transplanted plant with high density plants was significantly higher compared to other treatments indicating that transplanted Pechay at high density planting is favorable than other methods. The fresh weight of Pechay after 30 days of cultivation using direct seeding (T1 and T2) was significantly higher compared to T3 and T4. Partial cost and return analysis in direct seeded Pechay at high planting density were the most profitable while transplanting Pechay seedling at low density planting was the least profitable.
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Fodor, Andy. "DOES JET LAG CREATE A PROFITABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR NFL BETTORS?" Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v8i1.621.
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Traveling across multiple time zones, especially from east-to-west so that hours are “lost”, has documented negative effects on athletic performance. Nichols (2012) finds mixed evidence that sports betting markets fail to account for these effects. We reconsider, for the 2005-2010 NFL regular seasons, the “jet lag” hypothesis with more direct methods. We find that closing lines of NFL contests are set irrationally such that the jet lag effect is not appreciated. More importantly, we are the first to document that betting against potential jet lag teams proves to be markedly profitable. This profitability is statistically significant, which is a standard very rarely encountered throughout the literature. Consistent with our conjectures, we find these results to be even stronger when only afternoon games are kept in the sample and when division games are omitted from the sample.
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Smith, Elwin G., K. Neil Harker, John T. O’Donovan, T. Kelly Turkington, Robert E. Blackshaw, Newton Z. Lupwayi, Eric N. Johnson, et al. "The profitability of diverse crop rotations and other cultural methods that reduce wild oat (Avena fatua)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 1094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0019.
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With the increasing resistance of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to herbicides, there is a need to evaluate the potential of alternative cropping systems based on integrated weed management principles. A 5-yr field study at eight sites across Canada was used to evaluate the profitability of alternative cropping systems that have the potential to control wild oat using cultural practices in conjunction with herbicides. Cultural practices included twice the recommended seeding rates, fall-seeded winter crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage, fallow, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seven of the 14 cropping systems in this study did not include wild oat herbicide for three consecutive years, controlling wild oat entirely by cultural practices. Cropping system profitability varied by location. For many locations, combinations of barley silage and fall-seeded winter crops without wild oat herbicide application were as profitable as a system of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with wild oat herbicide applied every year. Unprofitable systems generally included those with fallow, alfalfa, and fall-seeded winter crops in regions with rates of high winter kill. Wild oat control can be achieved with diverse cropping systems that are as profitable as conventional annual cropping that relies on herbicide control of wild oat.
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Morrison, D., and J. Young. "Profitability of increasing lambing percentage in the Western Australian Wheatbelt." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 2 (1991): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910227.
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The value of increasing lambing percentage in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia was examined using the MIDAS model of an integrated crop-livestock farm for the May lambing currently practised by most of the region's farmers. MIDAS is an optimization model, which allowed the most profitable way of managing the farm at different lambing percentages to be computed. Thus it provides an estimate of the value of higher lambing percentage corresponding to this optimum practice at higher lambing. Increasing lambing percentage was found to be profitable but not highly profitable. Benefits of the order of $1.80 per ewe per 10% increase in lambing are likely to be largely offset by the costs of treatment to achieve this increase. This finding suggests that it is not highly beneficial to conduct research to increase lambing percentage in the eastern wheatbelt unless methods with a very low cost per ewe can be devised.
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Mazumdar, Bireshwar Dass, and R. B. Mishra. "Multi-Agent Negotiation in B2C E-Commerce Based on Data Mining Methods." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 6, no. 4 (October 2010): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiit.2010100104.
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The Multi agent system (MAS) model has been extensively used in the different tasks of e-commerce like customer relation management (CRM), negotiation and brokering. For the success of CRM, it is important to target the most profitable customers of a company. This paper presents a multi-attribute negotiation approach for negotiation between buyer and seller agents. The communication model and the algorithms for various actions involved in the negotiation process is described. The paper also proposes a multi-attribute based utility model, based on price, response-time, and quality. In support of this approach, a prototype system providing negotiation between buyer agents and seller agents is presented.
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García-Santacruz, Carlos, Luis Galván, Juan M. Carrasco, and Eduardo Galván. "Sizing and Management of Energy Storage Systems in Large-Scale Power Plants Using Price Control and Artificial Intelligence." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113296.
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Energy storage systems are expected to play a fundamental part in the integration of increasing renewable energy sources into the electric system. They are already used in power plants for different purposes, such as absorbing the effect of intermittent energy sources or providing ancillary services. For this reason, it is imperative to research managing and sizing methods that make power plants with storage viable and profitable projects. In this paper, a managing method is presented, where particle swarm optimisation is used to reach maximum profits. This method is compared to expert systems, proving that the former achieves better results, while respecting similar rules. The paper further presents a sizing method which uses the previous one to make the power plant as profitable as possible. Finally, both methods are tested through simulations to show their potential.
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Panagoret, Dragos, Ioana Panagoret, and Andreea Panagoret. "Methods of Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Small and Medium Farms." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0003.
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Abstract Farm profitability assessment is of particular importance, displaying its economic character. There are simple procedures for small farmers to carry out a correct analysis of the mode of land use and exploitation of animals, so that, by reorganizing the holding and proper management, to become profitable. Methodologically, this analysis consists of: identifying the factors influencing the level of yields per hectare; measure the influence of each factor on results achieved; establish critical points of the technical system of production; establishing the measures necessary to eliminate the weak elements of the system and design a new improved technical system for production for each crop; new design of new productions per hectare and of production costs, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the extra production costs.
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L Bougher, Neale, and Inez C Tommerup. "Restoration of Australia?s native fungi: For improved commercial environmental forestry, farm revegetation and sustainability in the Australian wheatbelt region." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 3 (2003): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03338.
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There is currently much effort being put into methods of harnessing Australia?s plant biodiversity for profitable farming systems with multiple environmental benefits. However, less attention has been given to significant components of natural ecosystems other than plants. One such component is Australia?s diverse and unique native fungi, and the range of largely ignored, out of sight, ecosystem functions provided by fungi. Though poorly recognised to date, management and restoration of Australia?s native fungi and other soil organisms in tandem with animals and plants are likely to be key parts of an overall strategy to achieve environmentally sustainable and economically profitable agricultural landscapes for the long term.
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Miralles-Quirós, José Luis, and María Mar Miralles-Quirós. "Alternative Financial Methods for Improving the Investment in Renewable Energy Companies." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9091047.
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Renewable energies have increased in importance in recent years due to the harm caused to the environment by fossil fuels. As a result, renewable energy companies seem to be profitable investment opportunities given their likely substantial future earnings. However, previous empirical evidence has not always agreed about this likely profitability. In addition, the methodologies employed in the existing empirical literature are complicated and not feasible for most investors to use. Therefore, it is proposed an approach which combines the use of performance measures, screening rules, devolatized returns and portfolio strategies, all of which can be implemented by investors. This approach results in high cumulative returns of more than 200% and other positive ratios, even when transaction costs are considered. This should encourage people to invest in these renewable energies and contribute to improving the environment.
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Zakondyrin, A. E. "Best Available Techniques in mining industry: topical issues and solution methods." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 6-1 (May 20, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-61-0-55-64.
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Extraction of mineral resources is one of the most profitable economic activities of the country, commanding a large part in Russian GDP. Nevertheless, precisely extractive industry is simultaneously leading in the level of Negative Environmental Impact. Adoption and application of BAT in mining sector companies requires essential changes in ecological policy of the Russian Federation. Although they were already started since 2014, there are still many unsolved problems in this area. It is emphasized within the article frame work, that one of the most topical issues is a long-standing need to develop more efficient methods and mechanisms of state support for technological and ecological changes. The ways of difficulties overcoming were considered, recommendations on enhancement of existing regulatory framework and standardisation documents in the area of research were made.
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Akmeşe, Halil, and Fatma Rezzan Çelikmıh. "Methods Used in Selecting Location in Hotel Investment Projects." International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.29.
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Projects in accommodation enterprises need to be planned very attentively. A great number of criteria used in selecting facility location contradict each other in some cases. Such criteria must be used in a significant way, due to the fact that difficulties can be encountered in making decisions in this complex process. "Multi-Criteria Decision Making" (MCDM) methods have been developed to help individuals, businesses, and institutions to make investment decisions and to decide more accurate and profitable investments. AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR, PHOMETHEE, ELECTRE are some of these methods. Via these methods developed, investment decisions are made by evaluating complex data with many alternatives objectively. This may lead to more accurate investment decisions made by entrepreneurs. With this study, we have dwelled on the methods used by investors in location as well as MCDM methods, which will bring about solutions to qualitative and quantitative problems, which need to be measured and discussed in details.
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Gait, Alsadek, and Andrew C. Worthington. "Attitudes of Libyan retail consumers toward Islamic methods of finance." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-04-2013-0056.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyse the attitudes of Libyan retail customers to Islamic methods of finance. Design/methodology/approach – The study conducted a survey of 385 Libyan retail consumers. Descriptive, factor and discriminant analyses of responses were performed to identify principal factors affecting attitudes towards and the potential use of Islamic financial products and services. Findings – The results indicate that while most respondents have at least some knowledge about some Islamic products, especially Musharakah (full-equity business partnerships) and Quard Hassan (interest-free benevolent loans), they are generally unaware of many other products. Nonetheless, most respondents (85.9 per cent) are potential users of Islamic methods of finance at the retail level, though potential use varying markedly according to age, level of education, employment, income and nationality. Factor analysis reduces the large number of variables that determine retail consumers’ attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance to just community service, profitability, religion and unique services. Discriminant analysis shows that religion and community service are the most important positive attitudes determining the potential use of Islamic methods of finance by retail consumers in Libya. Research limitations/implications – The study is undertaken in a single national context, so there is no possibility of comparing the results with alternative financial systems in different stages of the adoption of Islamic finance. Research was completed in 2010, with the ongoing unrest in Libya precluding publication until recently. Practical implications – Religious motivations rank highest in determining positive attitudes to Islamic methods of finance, and marketers should ensure that Islamic financial products and services strictly comply with Sharia. However, it may be possible to strengthen these positive attitudes by promoting that the community service role of Islamic finance is also important. Consumers also react favourably to marketing that either admits something negative about the product (e.g. Islamic finance is Sharia-compliant, but less profitable for depositors) or something positive about a competing product (e.g. conventional finance is more profitable, but cares less about the community). Marketers should emphasise the strengths of Islamic finance across the several sources of positive attitudes the authors have identified. Originality/value – There is no published work on Libyan retail consumers and limited study of attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance more generally.
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Poli, Giulio, Carlotta Granchi, Flavio Rizzolio, and Tiziano Tuccinardi. "Application of MM-PBSA Methods in Virtual Screening." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081971.
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Computer-aided drug design techniques are today largely applied in medicinal chemistry. In particular, receptor-based virtual screening (VS) studies, in which molecular docking represents the gold standard in silico approach, constitute a powerful strategy for identifying novel hit compounds active against the desired target receptor. Nevertheless, the need for improving the ability of docking in discriminating true active ligands from inactive compounds, thus boosting VS hit rates, is still pressing. In this context, the use of binding free energy evaluation approaches can represent a profitable tool for rescoring ligand-protein complexes predicted by docking based on more reliable estimations of ligand-protein binding affinities than those obtained with simple scoring functions. In the present review, we focused our attention on the Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzman Surface Area (MM-PBSA) method for the calculation of binding free energies and its application in VS studies. We provided examples of successful applications of this method in VS campaigns and evaluation studies in which the reliability of this approach has been assessed, thus providing useful guidelines for employing this approach in VS.
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Dorka, Dénes. "Evaluation of Two Heat Sum Calculation Methods in Maize Production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 16 (December 6, 2005): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3305.
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Maize production is of primary importance in Hungary, especially considering that its cultivation takes up one of the greatest ratios of land used for agricultural production. As a result, the number of farms where maize is not cultivated for either food production or foraging purposes is insignificant. For this reason, establishing economic production is of decisive importance when it comes to determining the efficiency of farms. Profitable maize production depends on a number of conditions, including the professional suitability of farmers, while some aspects of production are independent from these. Heat-sum calculations form a transition from this aspect, since temperatures ocuring during the growing season cannot be influenced by man. However, the method of calculation and evaluation and thus the tool to improve production is in the hands of the farmer. This scientific paper aims to give a general description of heat-sum calculation methods.
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Munćan, Mihajlo. "The use of models in optimizing the field crop production in agricultural enterprise - MBA thesis." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2010): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/13.
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The full use of resource capacities of agricultural enterprises favorably affects the general increase in economic efficiency and rational production making them more competitive in the market. This creates the need for constant improvement of business strategies that uses all available resources to create the most profitable production. The main objective of this study was to find the ideal structure of production in agricultural enterprise and to enable the realization of maximum profit using the available production resources (land, mechanization, labor forces). As the basic method of planning, this study used the simplex method of linear programming which gives the most profitable sowing structure after detailed analysis of resources and achieved results, based on the limitations and gross margin. This work showed that the use of modern methods in production planning is one of the cheapest and safest methods for development of agricultural enterprises.
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Muncan, Mihajlo. "The use of models in optimizing the field crop production in agricultural enterprise." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 5, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2011): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2011/3-4/18.
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The full use of resource capacities of agricultural enterprises favorably affects the general increase in economic efficiency and rational production making them more competitive in the market. This creates the need for constant improvement of business strategies that uses all available resources to create the most profitable production. The main objective of this study was to find the ideal structure of production in agricultural enterprise and to enable the realization of maximum profit using the available production resources (land, mechanization, labor forces). As the basic method of planning, this study used the simplex method of linear programming which gives the most profitable sowing structure after detailed analysis of resources and achieved results, based on the limitations and gross margin. This work showed that the use of modern methods in production planning is one of the cheapest and safest methods for development of agricultural enterprises.
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Bozorg-Haddad, Omid, Mahdi Bahrami, and Hugo A. Loáiciga. "Presentation and validation of induction irrigation as an efficient and profitable method." Water Supply 20, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.051.
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Abstract The scarcity of water resources along with population growth and low precipitation exert stresses on the agricultural sectors of arid regions. The evapotranspiration losses due to water use in the warm months of the year are high for walnut production, for example, which is one of the main Iranian agricultural exports. Also, the water losses occurring in flood irrigation, surface storage, and water conveyance, and the high costs of drip irrigation increase the need for efficient irrigation methods. This study proposes induction irrigation as a novel method for preventing evapotranspiration losses, increasing water-use efficiency, and raising agricultural profitability. Induction irrigation relies on recharge and extraction wells to inject treated sewage and withdraw groundwater, respectively, and create a saturated zone in the plants' root area. This paper demonstrates that induction irrigation applied to walnut orchards would lower costs and water losses, avoid surface pollution, and increase agricultural profitability.
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Vranić, Edina, Aida Mehmedagić, and Sabira Hadžović. "Mathematical methods for quantification and comparison of dissolution testing data." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2002): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2002.3581.
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In recent years, drug release/dissolution from solid dosage forms has been the subject of intense and profitable scientific developments. Whenever a new solid dosage form is developed or produced, it is necessary to ensure that drug dissolutionoccurs in an appropriate manner. The pharmaceutical industry and the registration authorities do focus, nowadays, on drug dissolution studies. The quantitative analysis of the values obtained in dissolution/release tests is easier when mathematicalformulas that express the dissolution results as a function of some of the dosage forms characteristics are used. This work discusses the analysis of data obtained for dissolution profiles under different media pH conditions using mathematical methodsof analysis described by Moore and Flanner. These authors have described difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2), which can be used to characterise drug dissolution/release profiles. In this work we have used these formulas for evaluation of dissolution profiles of the conventional tablets in different pH of dissolution medium (range of physiological variations).
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Galaktionova, N. V. "SPECIAL ASPECTS OF PAYMENTS TO EMPLOYEES IN CONNECTION WITH THE CORONAVIRUS." Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, no. 1 (105) (March 3, 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2021-1-032-035.
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This article examines the issues related to methods of more profitable cost refunds to a remote employee, working during a pandemic, inclusion of the cost of conducting tests for COVID-19 in tax expenses, issues of social contributions accrued due to tests for COVID-19, etc.
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BETTA, Jan. "TEACHNIG PROJECT MANAGEMENT TO MANAGERS WITH REFERENCE TO INTERNATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT EXCELLENCE AWARD." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 161, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3137.
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This paper deals with PM training efficient and profitable for all stakeholders. The inspiration to write it was the author’s rich experience as a trainer and an IPMA Project Excellence Award Assessor. There are three reasons for writing the paper: to encourage managers to better prepare such training (formulation of needs and expectations by them), to indicate the main points of content and the method of training for inexperienced trainers and to promote the PE Award. The methodology used consisted in observation, interviewing and inquiring. Basic results are: showing managers the weight of needs and expectations formulation, the content and methods of training and PE Award promotion. Conclusions – training more profitable for companies and interesting for participants and trainers. The PE Award is more recognized worldwide.
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Naga Muneiah, JanapatyI, and Ch D. V. SubbaRao. "An Efficient Probability Estimation Decision Tree Postprocessing Method for Mining Optimal Profitable Knowledge for Enterprises with Multi-Class Customers." Inteligencia Artificial 22, no. 64 (November 14, 2019): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol22iss64pp63-84.
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Enterprises often classify their customers based on the degree of profitability in decreasing order like C1, C2, ..., Cn. Generally, customers representing class Cn are zero profitable since they migrate to the competitor. They are called as attritors (or churners) and are the prime reason for the huge losses of the enterprises. Nevertheless, customers of other intermediary classes are reluctant and offer an insignificant amount of profits in different degrees and lead to uncertainty. Various data mining models like decision trees, etc., which are built using the customers’ profiles, are limited to classifying the customers as attritors or non-attritors only and not providing profitable actionable knowledge. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the automatic extraction of profit-maximizing knowledge for business applications with multi-class customers by postprocessing the probability estimation decision tree (PET). When the PET predicts a customer as belonging to any of the lesser profitable classes, then, our algorithm suggests the cost-sensitive actions to change her/him to a maximum possible higher profitable status. In the proposed novel approach, the PET is represented in the compressed form as a Bit patterns matrix and the postprocessing task is performed on the bit patterns by applying the bitwise AND operations. The computational performance of the proposed method is strong due to the employment of effective data structures. Substantial experiments conducted on UCI datasets, real Mobile phone service data and other benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method remarkably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
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White, Robert, and Brian Davidson. "The Costs and Benefits of Approved Methods for Sequestering Carbon in Soil Through the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n1p99.
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<p class="1Body">This paper investigates the net benefits of sequestering carbon in soil from a biophysical and economic perspective. This study is important because sequestering carbon (C) in soil is a key component of the Australian government’s Direct Action Policy to offset the nation’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The biophysical potential for sequestering C using one of four permitted project management activities (new irrigation, managing soil acidity, stubble retention and converting cropland to permanent pasture) was calculated according to the Methodology Determination - Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Estimating Sequestration of Carbon in Soil Using Default Values, 2015. The economic prospects of those activities that show a net C abatement were then evaluated to determine whether they were profitable for a farmer to implement. Finally, the costs and benefits from society’s perspective of those activities found to be profitable were calculated. Of these activities only stubble retention and liming provided net benefits to a farmer, although there were limitations as to how widely these activities could be implemented nationally. We estimated a cost to government of approximately $35 M annually to achieve a net abatement of 2.84 M t CO<sub>2</sub>-e. Because this represents only 0.52 percent of Australia’s annual GHG emissions of 549 M t CO<sub>2</sub>-e, the policy is both expensive and relatively ineffective as a C offset policy alone. However, if viewed as an investment in farmland sustainability, this payment to farmers could be good public policy.</p>
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Brumfield, Robin G., Arbindra Rimal, and Steve Reiners. "Comparative Cost Analyses of Conventional, Integrated Crop Management, and Organic Methods." HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (January 2000): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.785.
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Production costs have been analyzed in several studies using such normative approaches as budgeting and mathematical programming, and positive approaches as estimation of production, cost, or profit functions. This study used budgeting methods to analyze the costs and benefits of adopting integrated crop management (ICM) or organic methods versus conventional agriculture for tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharada), and pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.). Data were collected using field studies conducted at the Rutgers University Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, N.J. Time and motion study techniques were used to record machinery use and labor quantities. Records of production inputs and yields were also collected. These records were then converted to a 1.0-acre (0.4-ha) basis to constructed crop budgets. Results show that ICM systems are more profitable than conventional and organic systems. Organic systems had the lowest net returns. However, because of the organic price premium, the net returns were fairly close to those for conventional and ICM systems.
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Wang, Peng, Guo Lai Yang, and Hui Xiao. "Dynamic Load Identification Theoretical Summary and the Application on Mining Machinery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.811.
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This paper is devoted to describe a new dynamic load identification method about mining machinery structural; Frist, reviews the background of structural dynamic load identification theory; Then, introduce some familiar dynamic load identification methods, including frequency domain method, time domain method and some other new methods; Describe the steps about dynamic load identification method used in mining machinery engineering structures; Last, practice shows that the method is profitable.
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Hamawand, Ihsan, Wilton da Silva, Saman Seneweera, and Jochen Bundschuh. "Value Proposition of Different Methods for Utilisation of Sugarcane Wastes." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175483.
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There are four main waste products produced during the harvesting and milling process of sugarcane: cane trash, molasses, bagasse and mill mud–boiler ash mixture. This study investigates the value proposition of different techniques currently not being adopted by the industry in the utilisation of these wastes. The study addresses the technical challenges and the environmental impact associated with these wastes and comes up with some recommendations based on the recent findings in the literature. All the biomass wastes such as bagasse, trash (tops) and trash (leaves) have shown great potential in generating higher revenue by converting them to renewable energy than burning them (wet or dry). However, the energy content in the products from all the utilisation methods is less than the energy content of the raw product. This study has found that the most profitable and challenging choice is producing ethanol or ethanol/biogas from these wastes. The authors recommend conducting more research in this field in order to help the sugar industry to compete in the international market.
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Koch, Krisztina. "Economic Aspects of Winter Wheat and Sunflower Production Under Organic Farming Methods." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 13 (May 4, 2004): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/13/3419.
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On the basis of data from selected organic crop producing farms around Hortobagy and a significant conventional agricultural enterprise, the efficiency calculation of two important crops, winter wheat and sunflower were compared to each other, according to the organic and the conventional farming methods. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data of the year 2002, helped by the calculation and the comparison of the efficiency indexes. According to the results, the organic winter wheat was more highly profitable in 2002 than the conventional one, and this is because the price ratio of the two was quite high, however the yields and the production costs per hectare were almost on the same level. Considering the sunflower, organic farming was less productive than the conventional one in 2002, as the average yield in the examined organic farms was significantly lower than under the conventional farming method, and this was not compensated by the extra price for the organic crop product.
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Belash, Tatiana A., and Elizaveta D. Erokhina. "Increasing the seismic resistance of operated buildings using special seismic protection methods." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2021-3-41-48.
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The change in the level of seismicity of buildings and structures occurs as a result of
updating the maps of general seismic zoning. Ensuring the seismic resistance of buildings and
structures is a factor that must be taken into account, especially during construction in
seismically active regions. Nowadays, one of the main approaches to increasing seismic
resistance is the use of various seismic isolation systems. It is not always profitable and rational to increase the seismic resistance of building structures or foundations for equipment by simply increasing the strength. A classification of seismic reinforcement systems is given, among which the most sparing are special methods of seismic protection in the form of seismic isolation.
Practical examples of the use of seismic isolation systems to improve the seismic resistance of existing buildings are given. A computational study was carried out, the result of which showed
the effectiveness of using rubber-metal supports for hanging the seismic resistance of buildings.
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Pekár, Juraj, Ivan Brezina, Jaroslav Kultan, Iryna Ushakova, and Oleksandr Dorokhov. "Computer tools for solving the traveling salesman problem." Development Management 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/dm.18(1).2020.03.
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The task of the traveling salesman, which is to find the shortest or least costly circular route, is one of the most common optimization problems that need to be solved in various fields of practice. The article analyzes and demonstrates various methods for solving this problem using a specific example: heuristic (the nearest neighbor method, the most profitable neighbor method), metaheuristic (evolutionary algorithm), methods of mathematical programming. In addition to classic exact methods (which are difficult to use for large-scale tasks based on existing software) and heuristic methods, the article suggests using the innovative features of the commercially available MS Excel software using a meta-heuristic base. To find the optimal solution using exact methods, the Excel (Solver) software package was used, as well as the specialized GAMS software package. Comparison of different approaches to solving the traveling salesman problem using a practical example showed that the use of traditional heuristic approaches (the nearest neighbor method or the most profitable neighbor method) is not difficult from a computational point of view, but does not provide solutions that would be acceptable in modern conditions. The use of MS Excel for solving the problem using the methods of mathematical programming and metaheuristics enabled us to obtain an optimal solution, which led to the conclusion that modern tools are an appropriate addition to solving the traveling salesman problem while maintaining the quality of the solution.
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Zueva, Svetlana B., Francesco Ferella, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Valentina Corradini, Nicolò M. Ippolito, and Francesco Vegliò. "Recovery of Zinc from Treatment of Spent Acid Solutions from the Pickling Stage of Galvanizing Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010407.
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Typical methods for the treatment of waste pickling solutions include precipitation by alkaline reagents, most commonly calcium hydroxide. As a result, large volumes of galvanic sludge form, containing iron, calcium, sulphates, and a relatively small quantity of zinc (<20%), making Zn recovery not profitable. In summary, state-of-the-art Zn galvanization processes entail the loss of valuable metals and the irrational and expensive handling of spent pickling solutions (SPSs). The resulting conclusion is that there is room for a significant improvement in the way SPSs are treated, with the double goal of enhancing Zn galvanization methods’ economic viability and achieving a lesser impact on the environment’s processes. The experimental results show that it is possible to use SPS as a coagulant to treat the process wastewaters, kept separated, and added with sodium hydroxide. The results in obtaining precipitates with Zn contents higher than 40%, increasing the added advantage of making Zn recovery profitable. The results show the possibility of using SPS as a coagulant in the process of physical-chemical wastewater treatment and sodium hydroxide to obtain a precipitate with a zinc content of more than 40%.
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Fernandes, Carlos N. V., Benito M. de Azevedo, Débora C. Camargo, Chrislene N. Dias, Mario de O. Rebouças Neto, and Fellype R. B. Costa. "Potassium fertilizer applied by different methods in the zucchini crop." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 7 (July 2016): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p643-648.
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ABSTRACT Aiming to evaluate the effect of potassium (K) doses applied by the conventional method and fertigation in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.), a field experiment was conducted in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The statistical design was a randomized block, with four replicates, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, which corresponded to four doses of K (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg K2O ha-1) and two fertilization methods (conventional and fertigation). The analyzed variables were: fruit mass (FM), number of fruits (NF), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), pulp thickness (PT), soluble solids (SS), yield (Y), water use efficiency (WUE) and potassium use efficiency (KUE), besides an economic analysis using the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PP). K doses influenced FM, FD, PT and Y, which increased linearly, with the highest value estimated at 36,828 kg ha-1 for the highest K dose (300 kg K2O ha-1). This dose was also responsible for the largest WUE, 92 kg ha-1 mm-1. KUE showed quadratic behavior and the dose of 174 kg K2O ha-1 led to its maximum value (87.41 kg ha-1 (kg K2O ha-1)-1). All treatments were economically viable, and the most profitable months were May, April, December and November.
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Drop, Natalia. "Evaluation of effectiveness of investments in means of transport based on the example of an enterprise of the TSL sector." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.250.
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The aim of the article is to define the levels of income and outcome that make the purchase of means of road transport effective and to show this on the example of a small enterprise operating in the TSL sector. Analysis of scientific literature, observation, interview, analysis of documents and mathematical methods were the methods used to carry out the research. The analysis lead to the conclusion that for small businesses of the TSL sector leasing is more profitable form of financing the purchase of rolling stock.
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Willett, Mike, T. J. Smith, A. B. Peterson, H. Hinman, R. G. Stevens, T. Ley, P. Tvergyak, K. M. Williams, K. M. Maib, and J. W. Watson. "Growing Profitable Apple Orchards in Replant Sites: An Interdisciplinary Team Approach in Washington State." HortTechnology 4, no. 2 (April 1994): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.2.175.
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In the mid-1980s, a statewide educational program was initiated to help improve productivity in replanted apple orchards. This effort began with a study of the background of the problem in Washington and an assessment of the problems growers faced when replanting orchards. An array of potential limiting factors were identified-most important, specific apple replant disease (SARD)-but also low soil pH, poor irrigation practices, arsenic (As) spray residues in the soil, soil compaction, nematodes, nutrient deficiencies, and selection of the appropriate orchard system. The educational program was delivered using a variety of methods to reach audience members with different learning styles and to provide various levels of technical information, focusing on ways to correct all limiting factors in replant situations. Results have been: Acceptance of soil fumigation as a management tool: increased recognition of soil physical, chemical, and moisture problems; reduced reliance on seedling rootstock, and an increase in the use of dwarfing, precocious understocks; and better apple tree growth and production in old apple orchard soils.
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BECK, JOAKIM, RAUL TEMPONE, FABIO NOBILE, and LORENZO TAMELLINI. "ON THE OPTIMAL POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION OF STOCHASTIC PDES BY GALERKIN AND COLLOCATION METHODS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 22, no. 09 (July 31, 2012): 1250023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202512500236.
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In this work we focus on the numerical approximation of the solution u of a linear elliptic PDE with stochastic coefficients. The problem is rewritten as a parametric PDE and the functional dependence of the solution on the parameters is approximated by multivariate polynomials. We first consider the stochastic Galerkin method, and rely on sharp estimates for the decay of the Fourier coefficients of the spectral expansion of u on an orthogonal polynomial basis to build a sequence of polynomial subspaces that features better convergence properties, in terms of error versus number of degrees of freedom, than standard choices such as Total Degree or Tensor Product subspaces. We consider then the Stochastic Collocation method, and use the previous estimates to introduce a new class of Sparse Grids, based on the idea of selecting a priori the most profitable hierarchical surpluses, that, again, features better convergence properties compared to standard Smolyak or tensor product grids. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the newly introduced polynomial spaces and sparse grids.
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Soepriyanto, Budi. "Comparative Analysis of K-NN and Naïve Bayes Methods to Predict Stock Prices." International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) 2, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v2i2.32.
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Abstract— Buying and selling shares is a transaction that is widely carried out at this time, especially buying and selling stocks online which are widely available in the market, to make buying and selling shares require ability or knowledge so that the buying and selling of shares are profitable, to be able to help economic players predict prices. Profit shares or not purchased in the future, this research will conduct stock price predictions using classification methods, namely K-Nearest Neighbor and Naïve Bayes, to predict the stock price data used for one month in minute levels totalling 39065 data, based on prediction results. The highest results obtained were using Naïve Bayes with an accuracy value of 69.38 then the K-Nearest Neighbor method with a K = 5 value of 67.25%, based on these results it can be concluded that the use of the K-Nearest Neighbor and Naïve Bayes methods for prediction share price not yet owned I high accuracy, so it can be combined with other methods or by using other variable predictors.
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Terletska, Viktoria. "Approaches and methods of evaluation of the innovation company." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2021, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2021.01.177.
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The article the main traditional approaches to business valuation, namely: profitable, costly and comparative have been explored and analyzed. The main methods within each of the traditional approaches have been investigated. The methods of estimating the value of business by income approach are the method of capitalization of net income, the method of capitalization of dividends, the method of capitalization of excess income and the method of discounting cash flow. The methods of estimating the value of business by the cost approach are: the method of net book value, the method of adjusted book value, the method of estimating the net market value of tangible assets, the replacement cost method, the replacement cost method and the liquidation value method. The methods of estimating the value of business by a comparative approach are the method of industry ratios, the method of comparing sales and the method of multipliers. In addition, it is found that in modern conditions, traditional approaches to assessing the value of the business “in its pure form” are not always used by venture investors, and the most popular methods are contractual, multipliers, discounted cash flow, venture and real options. Synthetic models play an important role today. In world practice, many different approaches are used to assess the value of companies, their assets, business in general. However, the issue of evaluation is still insufficiently addressed. When conducting valuation work in enterprises, many of the existing approaches are either not used at all, or are used very rarely, resulting in practice does not always achieve a comprehensive, complete and objective assessment of the amount of capital. A characteristic feature in determining the value of the business within the application of each of the commonly used methods is the need to take into account various aspects of financial activities, which leads to different estimates of the value of the business, which requires coordination of the results. This situation involves the selection of key cost parameters to obtain the final value of the business. Given the above, there is a need and feasibility to reconcile the results of business valuation methods, which will help to obtain a reasonable value by combining the advantages of each of the traditional methods. Determining the value of the company is one of the most important tasks in the field of corporate governance, which makes it possible to assess the level of competitiveness and success of the company in the market. The process of determining the value is carried out with a specific purpose: calculating the sale price, property insurance, obtaining a loan, etc., which determines the choice of valuation method. Business valuation is the determination of the value of a business as a property complex that can bring profit to the owner. When conducting an appraisal examination, the value of all the company’s assets is determined: real estate, machinery and equipment, inventories, financial investments, intangible assets. In addition, the efficiency of the company, its past, present and future revenues, development prospects and competitive environment in this market are assessed separately, and then the evaluated company is compared with similar companies. On the basis of such a comprehensive analysis, the business is actually assessed as a property complex that can be profitable.
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Barrett-Lennard, E. G., R. J. George, G. Hamilton, H. C. Norman, and D. G. Masters. "Multi-disciplinary approaches suggest profitable and sustainable farming systems for valley floors at risk of salinity." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 11 (2005): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04157.
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Australia’s traditional approach to salinity abatement has been to focus primarily on the control of recharge in land not at risk of salinity by incorporating deep-rooted perennial plants (e.g. lucerne, oil mallees and farm trees) into farming systems throughout the landscape. However, in the broad valley floors and sedimentary plains of Australia’s cropping regions (the areas most at risk of salinity), recharge is mainly a 1-dimensional process. Thus, offsite recharge management may have little or no impact on salinity outcomes for the areas at risk. The future of the broad valley floors will be most influenced by the management decisions of landholders in the valley floors. To be sustainable and profitable, farming systems on valley floors need to (i) target perennial plants to the valley floors and improve soil management to dry the root-zone, decrease recharge and minimise capillary rise, (ii) increase the discharge of groundwater from valley floors using deep drains and stands of perennial plants, (iii) improve surface water management to ameliorate waterlogging, inundation and flooding, and (iv) incorporate better plants and better agronomic methods in the growth of profitable salt tolerant crops and fodder plants. This paper will illustrate the convergence of new research and development that offers real prospects of low risk, high return farming systems for Australia’s threatened valley floors. We argue that there needs to be a major refocus by farmers, researchers and their funders in the development of profitable sustainable farming systems for valley floors.
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Пучкин, Алексей, and Aleksey Puchkin. "The water tourism infrastructure strategic development methods." Services in Russia and abroad 8, no. 6 (December 2, 2014): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6690.
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Water resources are one of the most famous and required tourist resources. They are a basis of many tourist destinations formation and development. Today the water resources are one of the most attractive categories among the primary tourist resources. Abroad it accumulates a great experience of the difference water tourism type. Russian Federation has great amount of the difference water tourists resources, on this reason, the water tourism is one of the future tourism development trends in various Russian regions. This kind of tourism has a great developing history. During the USSR time the water tourism had a dynamic development as a part of sport tourism. A great role in its developing had played the children sports school of rowing, sailing and other water sports. However, the infrastructure, use to be created, does not correspond to the modern water tourism forms requirements, such as yachting, for example. The water tourism infrastructure development in accordance with the modern technical and technological demands requires the capital capacity projects preparation and implementation. Anyway, the foreign experience shows the water tourism high profitable, as well as its attractiveness for different tourists categories. It exist a lack of domestic studies, connected with water industry development, and realization of a system method to its developing. According to the author opinion, the key aspect is a choise of the strategic method to the water tourism infrastructure. The author regarded the basis strategy methods to the water tourism infrastructure development at the regional level, due to water tourism specification, stipulated for water resources quality and aggregate, within the region or destination limit.
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Jambulingam, Nikita, Robert Stretch, David Butz, and Michelle Zeidler. "810 How much does it really cost? Barriers, Bottlenecks and Billing in Sleep Diagnostics." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.807.
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Abstract Introduction Utilization rates of home sleep apnea tests (HSATs) versus in-lab polysomnograms (PSGs) vary greatly among healthcare institutions. HSATs can provide expanded testing capacity and offload operational bottlenecks in sleep labs, however, the financial benefit of this is not well quantified. Comparison of testing utilization and profitability between institutions can provide greater insight into decisions regarding sleep lab operations and expansion. Methods We analyzed profitability of HSATs and PSGs in 2018–2019 at two separate institutions with vastly different operational constraints and healthcare delivery models: Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System (GLA-VAHS) and University of California Los Angeles Health System (UCLA-HS). Both institutions own and operate independent sleep labs and offer HSATs for the diagnosis of sleep apnea. Profitability was calculated using contribution margin (CM) which factors out high fixed costs of healthcare infrastructure. CM was calculated by subtracting variable direct costs from revenue. Results The non-diagnostic HSAT rate was higher at GLA-VAHS compared to UCLA-HS (30.5% versus 13.1%). At both GLA-VAHS and UCLA-HS, HSATs were more profitable than PSGs on a per-unit basis (CM 47% for HSATs and 29% for PSGs at GLA-VAHS vs. 78% and 66% at UCLA-HS, respectively). Comparing the two institutions, PSGs were 14.8 times more profitable and HSATs were two times more profitable at UCLA-HS versus GLA-VAHS. When analyzed on a per-day basis, HSATs were more profitable at GLA-VAHS but PSGs were more profitable at UCLA-HS. Conclusion Reimbursement rates significantly impact institutional decisions to expand utilization of HSATs versus PSGs. Due to higher per-unit reimbursement rates, non-governmental and larger academic institutions may opt to aggressively expand sleep lab capacity. However, risks and benefits of such a strategy should be taken into account in light of changing market patterns and declining reimbursement rates for PSGs. Despite the seemingly higher profitability at the current time, future market volatility in PSG profitability may cause delayed amortization of costs for PSGs at large academic and private institutions compared to the relatively lower cost of expanding HSAT capacity. It may be beneficial for all types of institutions, regardless of current reimbursement rates, to expand HSAT capacity concomitantly with sleep lab expansion to mitigate financial risk. Support (if any):
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Reddy, Sudheer, Lane Koenig, Berna Demiralp, Jennifer T. Nguyen, and Qian Zhang. "Assessing the Utilization of Total Ankle Replacement in the United States." Foot & Ankle International 38, no. 6 (March 1, 2017): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100717695111.
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Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAR) has been shown to be a cost-effective procedure relative to conservative management and ankle arthrodesis. Although its use has grown considerably over the last 2 decades, it is less common than arthrodesis. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the cost and utilization of TAR across hospitals. Methods: Our analytical sample consisted of Medicare claims data from 2011 and 2012 for Inpatient Prospective Payment System hospitals. Outcome variables of interest were the likelihood of a hospital performing TAR, the volume of TAR cases, TAR hospital costs, and hospital profit margins. Data from the 2010 Cost Report and Medicare inpatient claims were utilized to compute average margins for TAR cases and overall hospital margins. TAR cost was calculated based on the all payer cost-to-charge ratio for each hospital in the Cost Report. Nationwide Inpatient Sample data were used to generate descriptive statistics on all TAR patients across payers. Results: Medicare participants accounted for 47.5% of the overall population of TAR patients. Average implant cost was $13 034, accounting for approximately 70% of the total all-payer cost. Approximately, one-third of hospitals were profitable with respect to primary TAR. Profitable hospitals had lower total costs and higher payments leading to a difference in profit of approximately $11 000 from TAR surgeries between profitable and nonprofitable hospitals. No difference was noted with respect to length of stay or number of cases performed between profitable and nonprofitable hospitals. TAR surgeries were more likely to take place in large and major teaching hospitals. Among hospitals performing at least 1 TAR, the margin on TAR cases was positively associated with the total number of TARs performed by a hospital. Conclusion: There is an overall significant financial burden associated with performing TAR with many health systems failing to demonstrate profitability despite its increased utilization. While additional factors such as improved patient outcomes may be driving utilization of TAR, financial barriers may exist that can affect utilization of TAR across health systems. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study