Relevant bibliographies by topics / The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)"

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Kang, Hee-Yeob. "The Stage-Based Development of Degree of Participation and Flow among Tennis Participants: Using Psychological Continuum Model." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 80 (April 30, 2020): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2020.04.80.161.

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Nyadzayo, Munyaradzi W., Civilai Leckie, and Heath McDonald. "CSR, relationship quality, loyalty and psychological connection in sports." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 34, no. 6 (September 5, 2016): 883–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-08-2015-0148.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role played by corporate social responsibility (CSR) in building relationship quality (RQ) in the context of sports organisations. In turn, the link between RQ and customer loyalty is examined. Acknowledging that customers develop a psychological connection with the sports organisation over time, the study also examines whether the link between CSR and RQ is moderated by the psychological continuum model (PCM) stages (awareness, attraction, attachment and allegiance). Design/methodology/approach The survey data were drawn from almost 6,000 season ticket holders of a professional sports club. Structural equation modelling and the non-parametric bootstrapping regression technique were used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results support the direct impact of CSR activities on RQ. RQ, in turn, drives customer loyalty. Importantly, RQ is found to fully mediate the relationship between CSR and customer loyalty. However, as customers move through the psychological connection stages, the effect of CSR on customer loyalty via RQ tends to diminish. Practical implications This study provides evidence of a direct impact of CSR activities on RQ, and also attests the role of psychological connection in sports organisations. Originality/value The incorporation of a multidimensional RQ construct and the PCM stages allows a deeper understanding of how CSR might be employed to achieve organisational goals.
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Pu, Haozhou, and Jeffrey James. "The distant fan segment." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 18, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-05-2016-0022.

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Purpose With the available technological tools, fans are able to access sport products regardless of geographic proximity. Through technology, fans can follow sports teams from other countries. In contrast to previous research focused on the local fan, in this paper we report on a study of a group of distant fans – Chinese National Basketball Association (NBA) fans – as the focal object. The study was guided by three questions: RQ1: what motives drive a distant fan’s involvement with their favorite NBA team? RQ2: are there differences in the motives associated with the different stages of psychological connection among distant fans? RQ3: are there differences in the amount of media consumption at the different stages of psychological connection? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was distributed to consumers of a Chinese sports message board to assess the motives of distant fans (n=281) following teams in the NBA, and strength of psychological connection to the NBA based on the psychological continuum model (PCM). Findings There were significant differences in the motives for following a distant NBA team among the respondents at different stages of psychological connection. Significant differences were also found among Chinese NBA fans at the respective stages regarding media consumption. Originality/value This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge regarding sport fandom. It is one of the first studies to include an assessment of the sport consumption motives of distant fans, more specifically, motives influencing Chinese fans’ consumption of the NBA. Utilizing the PCM allows for the segmentation of a specific fan population and to ascertain whether there are differences in the motives and behaviors associated with different stages of an individual’s psychological connection with a team.
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Filo, Kevin, Daniel C. Funk, and Danny O’Brien. "The Meaning Behind Attachment: Exploring Camaraderie, Cause, and Competency at a Charity Sport Event." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 3 (May 2009): 361–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.3.361.

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Charity sport events have emerged as widespread and integral fundraising mechanisms for charitable organizations. This article explores the meaning that charity sport events hold in participants’ lives. Using the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) as the theoretical framework, the authors examine participant attachment to charity sport events. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants in a charity sport event (N= 32) to discuss their perceptions of the event and their overall event experiences. Results revealed that camaraderie, cause, and competency reflect the enhanced meaning of the event and provide further explanation of attachment. Suggestions are made for charitable organizations and host communities to leverage these factors effectively and develop long-term sustainable events, and to assist in recruiting volunteers and facilitating social change in host communities.
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Gregg, Elizabeth A., David A. Pierce, Kristi M. Sweeney, and Jason W. Lee. "Purposeful pedaling: analyzing MS 150 participant behavior." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 6, no. 3 (October 19, 2015): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-04-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore factors affecting participant awareness, attraction, and attachment to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society’s (NMSS) MS 150 PGA Tour Cycle to the Shore charitable bike ride utilizing the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) developed by Funk and James. In addition, the authors sought to outline variables sport organizations can use to predict donor behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Data for this project were derived from an electronic survey distributed to race participants and was analyzed in SPSS® software. Regression analysis was employed. Findings – The findings support previous research employing the PCM; wherein social situational variables have the greatest influence on the relational significance of hedonic and dispositional needs in attraction and attachment to sporting events. The work supports the inclusion of communities as an additional attachment outcome. Practical implications – In all, 92 percent of riders were informed about the event through word of mouth (WOM) marketing, highlighting the importance this promotional technique in the awareness stage of the PCM. NMSS would be well served by capitalizing on the power of WOM. Originality/value – The research provides insight into predictors of fundraising efficacy. In terms of fundraising effectiveness, participants with four or more years of participation were six times more likely than first-year riders to raise $1,000 or more.
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Filo, Kevin, Daniel C. Funk, and Glen Hornby. "The Role of Web Site Content on Motive and Attitude Change for Sport Events." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 1 (January 2009): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.1.21.

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Sport event tourism is a major component of sport related tourism in many countries. Sport event organizations should strive to develop Internet marketing communication that features event information relevant to potential sport tourists. Using the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) as its theoretical framework, this article presents two studies examining information requirements for sport event Web sites and evaluating the impact of Web site communications on consumer motivation and attitudes toward the event. Study 1 first used an open-ended response listing exercise to identify 15 information themes that should be accessible on a sport event Web site (N= 54) and then demonstrated in a between-subjects experimental design that providing these information themes increased satisfaction with the Web site (N= 40). Study 2 used a within-subjects experimental design to reveal that provision of these information themes had no impact on travel motives, but did increase favorable attitudes toward a sport event and intention to attend the event (N= 39). This research provides evidence that Web site marketing communication does activate attitude change within consumers, as well as empirical support for attitude change within the PCM framework. Findings highlight the potential strategic use of Web site communication for sport event organizers to enhance consumer attitudes toward the event and increase attendance.
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Filo, Kevin, Daniel Funk, and Danny O’Brien. "The Antecedents and Outcomes of Attachment and Sponsor Image Within Charity Sport Events." Journal of Sport Management 24, no. 6 (November 2010): 623–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.6.623.

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Sport events benefiting a charitable cause have emerged as meaningful experiences for participants. These charity sport events may allow event sponsors to shape perceptions of corporate image among event participants. Using the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) as the theoretical framework, the factors that contribute to participants’ perceptions of event sponsors are examined. The influence of this image of event sponsors on behavioral outcomes among participants is also investigated. A post-event questionnaire was administered to participants in a sport event (N= 672) to investigate the relationships among motives, sponsor image, event attachment, purchase intent, and future participation intent. Results reveal that recreation and charity motives contribute to event attachment, while charity motives and event attachment contribute to sponsor image. Significantly, sponsor image and attachment contribute to purchase intent for event sponsors’ products. Finally, sponsor image does not influence future participation intent, while event attachment does. The results illustrate the discrete roles that sponsor image and attachment play in sport consumption activities. Suggestions are made for the strategic selection and marketing of events by potential sponsors to most effectively leverage event sponsorship opportunities.
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Ofianto, Ofianto. "MODEL LEARNING CONTINUUM KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR HISTORIS (HISTORICAL THINGKING) PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH SMA." Diakronika 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol17-iss2/27.

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Kecenderungan tumpang tintih materi pelajaran sejarah di sekolah dewasa ini, baik antar jenjang pendidikan maupun antar kelas pada jenjang pendidikan yang sama menjadi fenomena yang selalu menarik untuk dikaji. Materi sejarah yang demikian tidak akan terjadi bila secara rutin dilakukan penyusunan learning continuum (LC) oleh semua kalangan terkait. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan model learning continuum keterampilan berpikir historis mata pelajaran sejarah SMA. LC keterampilan berpikir historis, menggambarkan peningkatan keterampilan peserta didik untuk menguasai keterampilan berpikir historis mulai dari keterampilan dasar hingga keterampilan yang paling tinggi pada pembelajaran sejarah SMA. Penelitian melalui dua tahap, yakni tahap pengembangan model LC dan tahap pengembangan instrumen yang disertai uji dengan coba terbatas. Data dianalisis dengan Partial Credit Model (PCM) menggunakan program QUEST. Hasil pengembangan aspek dan sub aspek LC keterampilan berpikir historis menghasilkan dua keterampilan yakni keterampilan dasar (basic skill) dan keterampilan penelitian sejarah (historical research capabilities). Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa tes terbukti fit dengan PCM. Reliabilitas tes uji coba baik, dengan koefisien alpha Cronbach sebesar 0,82.
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da Silva, Clarissa O., André Gustavo H. Barbosa, Emerson T. da Silva, Edson Luiz L. da Silva, and Marco Antonio C. Nascimento. "A study of amino-protecting groups using the polarizable continuum model (PCM)." Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 111, no. 2-6 (December 17, 2003): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00214-003-0514-7.

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Bugeanu, Monica, Roberto Di Remigio, Krzysztof Mozgawa, Simen Sommerfelt Reine, Helmut Harbrecht, and Luca Frediani. "Wavelet formulation of the polarizable continuum model. II. Use of piecewise bilinear boundary elements." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 47 (2015): 31566–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03410h.

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The sparsity pattern obtained in the wavelet Galerkin boundary element representation of the PCM boundary integral operators. By employing a wavelet basis on a smooth solvent-excluded molecular surface the method is able to guarantee solutions with high accuracy at a linear cost in memory and computational time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)"

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Robins, Scott James. "The relationship between team identity and sports media consumption." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22825.

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With the emergence of new media platforms one wonders about the impact new media is having on sports fans’ media consumption patterns. Are traditional media platforms still having the same impact on the sports fan relationship, or has there been a shift across to new platforms? Looking through the lens of the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) framework, we analyse the impact of team identification and sports fans’ media consumption patterns.Trying to gain an understanding across various sports and to reach as many fans as possible, the snowballing technique was deployed. Using quantitative data allowed us to establish emerging patterns through categorical data. This study used cross-sectional data, which allowed us to take a snapshot in time of what the current trend in fans’ sports media consumption was. 235 sports fans media consumption patterns were analysed using the PCM staging algorithm and a sports media consumption instrument.The results throughout this study reflect that new media is having an impact on team identity and sports fan media consumption. The findings suggests that fans that display higher levels of team identification on the PCM framework, i.e. attachment and allegiance to teams, are more likely to engage regularly on social media, especially Twitter. As such, marketers, sports teams and associations need to look at how they engage with social media broadly and Twitter in particular. Various constructs impact sports fans’ media consumption patterns and, as such, marketers, sports teams and organisations need to ensure that they maintain relevance with their targeted demographic to ensure the continued engagement with sports fans.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Du, Wenjie (James). "EXAMINING THE INCREMENTAL EFFECTS OF PARTICIPANT SPORTING EVENTS IN PROMOTING ACTIVE LIVING: CREATING ACTIONABLE KNOWLEDGE TO TACKLE A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/428449.

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Tourism and Sport
Ph.D.
Using a theoretical synergy between the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) and Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM), the current dissertation research provides empirical evidence to support that organized participant sporting events can play a significant role in building a healthier community. First, using a proprietary U.S. community-based panel data from 2008 to 2014, study 1 examines the incremental effects of participant sporting events (PSE) in promoting active living at the population level. Panel regression with an instrumental variable approach and Multigroup Latent Growth Curve Analysis were administered. The key findings included (1) these population-based interventions have the capacity to impact population health at the state level; (2) such an influence significantly varies across the United States contingent upon a state’s economic development and the geographical region to which a state belongs. In study 2, the Multilevel Mediation Analysis was conducted with a spatially clustered cross-sectional data in 2014. The findings revealed that the access to exercise opportunities at the state level represents the underlying mechanism through which various forms of participant sporting events have the ability to elicit positive effects on health with respects to mental health, physical health, and physical activity participation at the county level. The findings suggested that PSEs represent effective public health platform to create healthier communities through integrating physically active leisure into population’s everyday routines. Overall, empirical results also help us better understand the importance of effectively leveraging community sporting events to deliver required health benefits to the general public and create practical guidelines to inform policy formation on resource allocation.
Temple University--Theses
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Lange, Adrian W. "Multi-layer Methods for Quantum Chemistry in the Condensed Phase: Combining Density Functional Theory, Molecular Mechanics, and Continuum Solvation Models." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1329752615.

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Parameswaran, Sreeja. "Solar Energy Conversion in Plants and Bacteria Studied Using FTIR Difference Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Computational Methodologies." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/32.

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This dissertation presents a study of the molecular mechanism underlying the highly efficient solar energy conversion processes that occur in the Photosystem I (PS I) reaction centers in plants and bacteria. The primary electron donor P700 is at the heart of solar energy conversion process in PS I and the aim is to obtain a better understanding of the electronic and structural organization of P700 in the ground and excited states. Static Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) difference spectroscopy (DS) in combination with site directed mutagenesis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) based vibrational frequency simulations were used to investigate how protein interactions such as histidine ligation and hydrogen bonding modulate this organization. (P700+-P700) FTIR DS at 77K were obtained from a series of mutants from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6803 (S. 6803) where the amino acid residues near the C=O groups of the two chlorophylls of P700 where specifically changed. (P700+-P700) FTIR DS was also obtained for a set of mutants from C. reinhardtii where the axial ligand to A0-, the primary electron acceptor in PS I was modified. The FTIR DS obtained from these mutants provides information on the axial ligands, the hydrogen bonding status as well as the polarity of the environment of specific functional groups that are part of the chlorophyll molecules that constitute P700. Assignment of the FTIR bands to vibrational modes in specific types of environment is very difficult. In order to assist the assignment of the difference bands in experimental spectra DFT based vibrational mode frequency calculations were undertaken for Chl-a and Chl-a+ model molecular systems under different set of conditions; in the gas phase, in solvents using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM), in the presence of explicit solvent molecules using QM/MM methods, and in the presence of axial ligands and hydrogen bonds. DFT methods were also used to calculate the charge, spin and redox properties of Chl-a/Chl-a’ dimer models that are representative of P700, the primary electron donor in PS I.
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Bilonda, Kabuyi Mireille. "Computational study of antimalarial pyrazole alkaloids from newbouldia laevis in vacuo and in solution." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/165.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)"

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Cammi, Roberto. "The PCM Model." In Molecular Response Functions for the Polarizable Continuum Model, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00987-2_1.

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Cammi, Roberto, and Jacopo Tomasi. "Quantum Cluster Theory for the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM)." In Handbook of Computational Chemistry, 1–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6169-8_28-2.

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Cammi, Roberto, and Jacopo Tomasi. "Quantum Cluster Theory for the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM)." In Handbook of Computational Chemistry, 1517–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27282-5_28.

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Cammi, Roberto, and Jacopo Tomasi. "Quantum Cluster Theory for the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM)." In Handbook of Computational Chemistry, 1043–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0711-5_28.

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Cammi, Roberto. "Excitation Energies and Transition Moments from the PCM Linear Response Functions." In Molecular Response Functions for the Polarizable Continuum Model, 37–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00987-2_4.

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Wann, Daniel L., and Jeffrey D. James. "The Process of Becoming a Sport Fan: The Psychological Continuum Model." In Sport Fans, 26–41. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429456831-2.

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Cammi, Roberto. "Quantum Chemistry at the High Pressures: The eXtreme Pressure Polarizable Continuum Model (XP-PCM)." In Frontiers of Quantum Chemistry, 273–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5651-2_12.

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Mjøsund, Nina Helen. "A Salutogenic Mental Health Model: Flourishing as a Metaphor for Good Mental Health." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 47–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_5.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on a salutogenic understanding of mental health based on the work of Corey Keyes. He is dedicated to research and analysis of mental health as subjective well-being, where mental health is seen from an insider perspective. Flourishing is the pinnacle of good mental health, according to Keyes. He describes how mental health is constituted by an affective state and psychological and social functioning, and how we can measure mental health by the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC-SF) questionnaire. Further, I elaborate on Keyes’ two continua model of mental health and mental illness, a highly useful model in the health care context, showing that the absence of mental illness does not translate into the presence of mental health. You can also read about how lived experiences of former patients support Keyes dual model of mental health and mental illness. This model makes it clear that people can perceive they have good mental health even with mental illness, as well as people with perceived poor or low mental health can be without any mental disorder. The cumulative evidence for seeing mental disorder and mental health function along two different continua, central mental health concepts, and research significant for health promotion are elaborated in this chapter.
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Cammi, R. "On Two Recent Developments in the Description of Molecular Properties in Solution by Using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM): The Coupled-Cluster Theory and the Molecules at Extreme Pressures." In Practical Aspects of Computational Chemistry II, 1–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0923-2_1.

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Körükcü, Öznur, and Kamile Kabukcuoğlu. "Health Promotion Among Home-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Turkey." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 313–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_22.

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AbstractAlthough the social structure of Turkish society has changed from a broad family order to a nuclear family, family relations still hold an important place, where traditional elements dominate. Still, elderly people are cared for by their family in their home environment. Thus, the role of family members is crucial in taking care of elderly individuals. In Turkey, the responsibility of care is largely on women; the elderly’s wife, daughter, or daughter-in-law most often provides the care. Family members who provide care need support so that they can maintain their physical, psychological and mental health. At this point, Antonovsky’s salutogenic health model represents a positive and holistic approach to support individual’s health and coping. The salutogenic understanding of health emphasizes both physical, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural resources which can be utilized not only to avoid illness, but to promote health.With the rapidly increasing ageing population globally, health expenditures and the need for care are increasing accordingly. This increase reveals the importance of health-promoting practices in elderly care, which are important for the well-being and quality of life of older individuals and their families, as well as cost effectiveness. In Turkey, the emphasis on health-promoting practices is mostly focused in home-care services including examination, treatment, nursing care, medical care, medical equipment and device services, psychological support, physiotherapy, follow-up, rehabilitation services, housework (laundry, shopping, cleaning, food), personal care (dressing, bathroom, and personal hygiene help), 24-h emergency service, transportation, financial advice and training services within the scope of the social state policy for the elderly 65 years and older, whereas medical management of diseases serves elderly over the age of 85. In the Turkish health care system, salutogenesis can be used in principle for two aims: to guide health-promotion interventions in health care practice, and to (re)orient health care practice and research. The salutogenic orientation encompasses all elderly people independently of their position on the ease-/dis-ease continuum. This chapter presents health-promotion practices in the care of elderly home-dwelling people living in Turkey.
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Conference papers on the topic "The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)"

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Pu, Haozhou, Jeffrey James, and Hanhan Xue. "EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTINUUM MODEL OF THE DISTANT FANS." In Bridging Asia and the World: Global Platform for Interface between Marketing and Management. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2016.01.08.02.

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Ho, C. J., S. Y. Chiu, and J. F. Lin. "Two Dimensional Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Rectangular Natural Circulation Loop Containing PCM Suspensions." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56244.

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A two-dimensional numerical simulation, via a finite difference method, of fluid flow and heat transfer in a rectangular natural circulation loop is presented to explore efficacy of using solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) suspensions as a heat transfer medium. A continuum mixture flow model is used for the buoyancy-driven circulation flow of the PCM suspensions together with an approximate enthalpy model to describe the solid-liquid phase change (melting/freezing) process of the PCM particles in the loop. Parametric simulations have been conducted for the pertinent physical parameters of a loop with fixed geometrical configuration in the following ranges: the modified Rayleigh number Ra* = 109 ∼ 1013, the modified Stefan number Ste* = 0.05 ∼ 0.5, the particle volumetric fraction cv = 0 ∼ 20%, and the modified subcooling factor Sb* = 0∼2.0. The melting/freezing processes of the PCM particles at the heated/cooled sections of the loop are closely interrelated in their inlet conditions of the suspension. Closer examination of numerical results reveals that there could be a flow regime in the parametric domain where heat transfer performance of the suspension circulation loop is significantly enhanced, due to contribution of the latent heat transport associated with melting/freezing of PCM particles.
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Xing, K. Q., Y. X. Tao, and Y. L. Hao. "Slurry Viscosity Study and Its Influence on Heat Transfer Enhancement Effect of PCM Slurry Flow in Micro/Mini Channels." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14902.

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A recent numerical study [1] involving micro-size Phase- Change-Materials (PCM) particles in micro-channels revealed significant heat transfer enhancement, provided that an optimal balance among the Reynolds number, particle size, tube length and heat flux is achieved. The numerical simulation is based on a model developed in [1] for non-thermal equilibrium, twophase (solid-fluid) flow using the continuum theory, in which each phase is treated separately in thermal, mass and momentum transports, yet they are related through interaction terms. A particle viscosity μP is introduced in this model and it's not available for the system of liquid-solid two phase flow. Therefore, this paper focuses on the study of the particle viscosity and its relation to the bulk viscosity to clarify its influence to the heat transfer enhancement effect of the PCM slurry flow. A review and comparative analysis of the available literature concerning particulate flow viscosity are presented. Different correlations to calculate the bulk viscosities are analyzed and their application range and limitations are discussed. Then, by using these different viscosity correlations to the numerical simulations, their influence to the heat transfer enhancement effect of the PCM slurry flow is discussed and a more realistic particle viscosity correlation for the PCM slurry flow is suggested through comparison with our experimental results.
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Hao, Y. L., and Y. X. Tao. "Parametric Study of Phase Change Suspension Flow in Microchannels." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42039.

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A continuum model is applied to the numerical simulation of the laminar hydrodynamic and heat-transfer characteristics of suspension with phase change material (PCM) particles in a microchannel. The analytical/numerical formulation based on CFD modeling technique, and the computer code is developed. Local wall-to-suspension heat transfer coefficients are calculated by the simultaneous solution of the conservation of mass, momentum and thermal energy equations. By providing detailed information on the local behavior of the wall-to-suspension heat transfer coefficients, preliminary calculations expose that there exists a particle-depleted layer next to the wall under the laminar flow condition. It plays an important role on the heat transfer between the suspension and the wall under the laminar flow condition. The heat transfer coefficient increases and reaches a peak value in the melting region. The benefits on the enhancement of heat transfer and the reduction of wall temperature and mean temperature by employing the MCPCM particle are mainly in the melting region. The preliminary results agree very well with the experimental observations and measurement on the flow and heat transfer of microencapsulated PCM slurry in circular duct. It interprets the observation in the literature where heat transfer between the suspension and the wall is weaker in non-melting region and melted region than that between the pure fluid and the wall for laminar flow conditions.
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Hao, Y. L., and Y. X. Tao. "Numerical Calculation of Heat Transfer Coefficient of Liquid Flow With NPCM in Microchannels." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35224.

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A continuum model is applied to the numerical simulation of the laminar hydrodynamic and heat-transfer characteristics of suspension with nano phase change material (NPCM) particles in a microchannel. The analytical/numerical formulation based on CFD modeling technique, and the computer code is developed. Local wall-to-suspension heat transfer coefficients are calculated by the simultaneous solution of the conservation of mass, momentum and thermal energy equations. By providing detailed information on the local behavior of the wall-to-suspension heat transfer coefficients, preliminary calculations expose that there exists a particle-depleted layer next to the wall under the laminar flow condition. It plays an important role on the heat transfer between the suspension and the wall under the laminar flow condition. The main contribution of NPCM particles is the increase in the thermal capacity under the laminar flow condition. The qualitative comparison with the experimental observations and measurements on the flow and heat transfer of microencapsulated PCM slurry in circular duct indicates that the preliminary results are reasonable. It interprets the observation in the literature where heat transfer between the suspension and the wall is weaker than that between the pure fluid and the wall for laminar flow conditions.
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