Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The rainbow cake'

Thesis (PhD (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water storage in reservoirs forms an integral part of the agricultural landscape in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A few large reservoirs serve primarily as a drinking and industrial water supply, while on private farms, small reservoirs provide irrigation water for the dry summer period. Protection of water quality to secure irrigation and drinking water quality, and the extension of water use efficiency are priority issues in the Western Cape. In the current study, the suitability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cage farming as a non-abstractive water use was investigated. The current study concentrated on the identification, and where possible quantification of aquaculture impacts, the identification of successful sites and a description of requirements in which net-cage aquaculture has none or a very low negative impact on water quality (e.g. <15 % change from previous water quality conditions for phosphorus concentrations). In order to study the effects of 5 t trout cage production units in reservoirs <15 ha in area, the general ecology of the irrigation reservoirs was assessed. Sixteen reservoirs without aquaculture production (reference reservoirs) were compared to 26 reservoirs with aquaculture production (production sites with varying production histories). Catchment characteristics were also monitored. Water from different depths (0 m, 2 m, 6 m and near bottom) was tested for physical and chemical qualities as well as nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and species composition was monitored. In addition to the general phytoplankton findings, cyanophytes were evaluated for their contribution to algal taint problems that emerged at a number of production sites. Sediments were tested for total phosphorus content and phosphorus release capacity. Indicators and minimum conditions to avoid the most common production problems were formulated. In order to determine long-term production success, which prevents trophic level changes of reservoirs, a mass balance approach (nutrient budget) was employed to indicate the limits for nutrients that can be added. The phosphorus balance indicated long term trends for reservoirs with and without aquaculture. The detailed mass balance approach was compared to a “ready to use” carrying capacity model that estimated the maximum fish load each reservoir could support. The anthropological input of phosphorus into the reservoirs causes a decreasing water quality in the studied reservoirs and this development was also reported for lowland rivers. Twenty percent of the studied reservoirs are in a condition that could be an immediate threat to fish or water bird health (e.g. free ammonia concentrations and pH). Harmful algal blooms were not observed. Aquaculture production evoked changes in water chemistry and ecology in most of the studied reservoirs. Adverse effects of aquaculture sites versus non-aquaculture sites were: increased phytoplankton biomass and species shifts towards sizes >80 μm. The increased phytoplankton abundance influenced pH maxima to values >9 at mid-day. The high pH fluctuations were greatly influenced by the naturally low alkalinity and hence low calcium buffering capacity of Western Cape waters. The deoxygenation of the hypolimnion during stagnation (summer) occurred faster in reservoirs of certain character, greatly dependent on elevation and surface area, with consequent acidification of the hypolimnion, as well as ammonia and total phosphorus (TP) accumulation. In this context, a diversity of each reservoir with and without aquaculture production, with a similar ratio of undisturbed reservoirs to reservoirs with influence of e.g. agriculture, were compared to each other. When grouping the respective differences from the average reference reservoir (i.e. no trout production), a low impact on water quality was manifested at four sites (15 %) with <15 % increase of bottom TP and ammonia, while eight sites (31 %) showed medium effects (59 % mean increase), and a high impact was found at 54 % of the sites (312 % mean increase). In reservoirs without aquaculture, the extent of incoming phosphorus (which could represent an influence by runoff from agricultural land) was very high. However, in small reservoirs (<5 ha), these values were exceeded by the incoming phosphorus from aquaculture practices. In the case of small reservoirs where the carrying capacity was clearly surpassed, effects caused by aquaculture were severe and the assimilation of waste by the system was not possible (in extreme cases aquaculture waste delivered 60 to 90 % of all incoming phosphorus – two to nine times the phosphorus brought in by rivers and runoff). With regards to sediment, only indirect conclusions could be drawn. Aquaculture production increased hypolimnetic anoxia and the latter was shown to increase potential phosphorus release from sediments. This implies that not only will aquaculture increase the phosphorus concentration of surface waters directly, but it will also increase internal loading. The sedimentation rate was increased with cage aquaculture which affects a hypothesized area of approximately 0.2 to 1.0 ha depending on reservoir hydrology. The composition of the sediment increased organic components which can impact on sediment processes. It can be postulated that increased sedimentation of aquaculture waste and extended anoxic conditions impact on macrozoobenthos. Hydrological and nutrient mass exchange of the reservoirs indicated that no annual increase of phosphorus was achieved with low nutrient input (good inflowing water quality) or good water exchange (>5 times per year), and sometimes with extraction of hypolimnetic water during the stagnation period (summer). A model developed by Beveridge (1984) showed similar results to the mass balance approach and can therefore serve as a more ready model to determine suitable stocking rates. The small (man-made) reservoirs in the Western Cape are in a eutrophication process which far exceeds the speed of natural eutrophication (trophic states indicating highly eutrophic or hypertrophic conditions after approximately 10 to 20 years following construction of the reservoirs) and this process is triggered by agricultural practice (indicated by literature – not a subject of this study). However, it is concluded from the data of this study that trout-cage aquaculture duplicated the total phosphorus already present (independent of continuation of the projects, the phosphorus introduced was trapped in the closed systems the reservoirs represent) in only 1 to 2 years of production - which means a significant acceleration of the eutrophication process already in place. There are positive exceptions where trout-cage production is possible without negative effects. Careful site selection is the most important step in successful and sustainable trout production. No impact of aquaculture was recorded at four reservoirs (15 % of the investigated reservoirs) which shared the characteristics of good water exchange (>3 times per year) and a minimum surface area of 5 ha. Additionally, criteria that reduced the risk of algal taint included a minimum water depth of 6 to 7 m in a reservoir at its lowest water point (to avoid intermediate mixing during the stagnation period) as well as cold hypolimnetic conditions (<17 °C) to minimize cyanophyte cyst remobilization. Further improvement of food conversion ratio (feeding management) and feed quality are the next (after site selection) two most important components that determine if a reservoir can be utilised for cage production without any long-term changes. There is potential in advances in feed quality, feed management and waste collection systems. These measures (e.g. the cage size could be decreased to efficate feeding management) can increase the number of sustainable sites and achieve multiplication of water use without water quality deterioration.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die stoor van water in reservoirs vorm ‘n integrale deel van die landboulandskap in die Westelike Kaap gedeelte van Suid-Afrika. ‘n Aantal groter reservoirs voorsien primêr water primer vir drinkdoeleindes en vir aanwending deur industrieë, terwyl kleiner reservoirs op private plase gebruik word vir besproeiing gedurende die droë somerperiode. Die beskerming van die waterkwaliteit en die uitbreiding van watergebruik se doeltreffendheid, word bestempel as ‘n prioriteit vir die Wes-Kaap. In die huidige studie is die geskiktheid van forel hokkultuur as ‘n bykomende watergebruik, maar sonder waterverbruik, ondersoek. Die huidige studie fokus op die identifisering en waar moontlik die kwantifisering van die impak van akwakultuur op besproeiingsreservoirs; die identifisering van potensiële reservoirs vir akwakultuur; en die beskrywing van toestande waarin akwakultuur geen of ‘n baie lae negatiewe uitwerking op die waterkwaliteit (bv. < 15 % verandering vanaf oorspronklike waterkwaliteitstoestande vir fosforkonsentrasies) sal hê. Om die impak van 5 t forel hokproduksie eenhede in <15 ha reservoirs te bestudeer, is die algemene ekologie van die besproeiingsreservoirs bepaal. Watermonsters, geneem op verskillende dieptes (0, 2, 6 en naby die bodem), is getoets vir fisiese- en chemiese kwaliteit sowel as vir die nutriëntkonsentrasies. Die biomassa en spesiesamestelling van fitoplankton sowel as zooplankton is gemonitor. Sestien verwysingsreservoirs is vergelyk met 26 produksiereservoirs (met wisselende vlakke van produksiegeskiedenis). Die karakeristieke eienskappe van die opvangsgebied is ook gemonitor. Tesame met die algemene fitoplankton bevindinge, is blougroen alge ook geëvalueer vir hul bydrae tot algae besmettingsprobleme wat voorgekom het by ‘n aantal produksie persele. Sedimente is getoets vir die totale fosforinhoud en fosforvrystellingskapasiteit. Perseelseleksie is geidentifiseer as een van die mees belangrikste faktore vir suksesvolle hokproduksie. Indikatore en minimum toetstande wat vereis word om die mees algemene produksieprobleme te verhoed, is geformuleer. Om die langtermyn produksie sukses te bepaal, wat trophiese vlakke se verandering in die reservoirs verhoed, is ‘n massa balans benadering (nutriënt balans) gebruik. Die fosfor balans het langtermyn tendense aangetoon en in die geval van die produksie reservoirs, is die akwakultuurimpak gekwantifiseer. Die gedetaileerde massa balans benadering is vergelyk met ‘n “gereed om te gebruik” drakapasiteitsmodel wat die maksimum vis wat die reservoir kan onderhou, geskat het. Die antropogeniese toevoer van fosfor na die reservoirs veroorsaak ‘n afname in die waterkwaliteit van die reservoirs wat bestudeer is. Die verskynsel van ‘n afname in waterkwaliteit is ook vir verskeie laagliggende riviere geraporteer. Sowat 20 % van die besproeiingsreservoirs wat bestudeer is, is tans in ‘n toestand wat die onmiddelike gesondheid van vis en watervoëls kan bedreig. Skadelike algebbloei is nie waargeneem nie. Akwakultuurproduksie het negatiewe effekte getoon in ‘n aantal reservoirs. Die nadelige uitwerking van akwakultuur waar digthede te hoog was, is: toename in fitoplankton biomassa en spesiesverskuiwinge. Die toename in fitoplankton teenwoordigheid het die pH maxima beïnvloed tot waardes >9 teen 12 uur middag. Die hoë pH fluktuasies is grootliks beïnvloed deur die natuurlike lae alkaliniteit en gevolglike kalsium bufferkapasitiet van die Wes-Kaap se waterbronne. Die deoksiginasie van die hipolimnion gedurende stagnasie (somer) het vinniger plaasgevind in oorbelaaide reservoirs, met gevolglik ‘n versuring van die hipolymnion, sowel as die akkumelering van ammoniak en totale fosfor. In hierdie konteks word reservoirs met en sonder landbouproduksie, met ‘n gelyke verhouding van onversteurde reservoirs tot reservoirs wat deur landboubedrywighede beinvloed word, met mekaar vergelyk. By vier persele (15 %) is ‘n lae impak vasgestel (<15 % toename in bodem TF en ammoniak), terwyl agt persele (31 %) ‘n medium impak getoon het (59 % gemiddelde toename in bodem TF en ammoniak) en ‘n hoë impak is opgemerk by 54 % van die persele (31 % gemiddelde toename in bodem TF en ammoniak). In reservoirs sonder akwakultuur, was die omvang van fosforinvloeiing baie hoog en is moontlik veroorsaak deur die invloei van afloopwater uit omliggende landbougebiede. Alhoewel in klein reservoirs (<5 ha) was hierdie waardes oorskadu deur die invloeiing van fosfor deur akwakultuur praktyke.In die geval van klein reservoirs, waar die drakrag duidelik oorskry is, was die gevolge, soos veroorsaak deur akwakultuur ernstig, en die assimilasie van afval deur die sisteem nie moontlik nie. In die uiterste gevalle het akwakultuurafval 60 % - 90 % van alle inkomende fosfor gelewer - twee tot nege maal die fosfor wat deur riviere en afloopwater ingevloei het. Wat die sediment aanbetref, kon slegs indirekte gevolgtrekkings gevorm word. Akwakultuurproduksie het hipolimnetiese anoksia laat toeneem en die laasgenoemde verskynsel, het die potensiaal aangedui vir die toename in die vrystelling van fosfor vanaf die sediment. Dit dui daarop dat akwakultuur nie alleen die fosforkonsentrasie in die oppervlaktwater laat toeneem nie, maar sou ook die interne belading laat kon toeneem. Die sedimentasie tempo het toegeneem met die teenwoordigkeid hokkultuur en het ‘n hipotetiese area van ongeveer 0.05 tot 1.00 ha, afhangende van reservoir hidrologie, beïnvloed. Die samestelling van die sediment het toegeneem in teme van die organiese komponente wat die sedimentasie prosesse kon beïnvloed. Dit kan gepostuleer word dat die toename in sedimentasie van akwakultuurafvalprodukte tesame met verlengde anoksiese toestande, ‘n invloed op die makrosoöbentiese organismes het. Hidrologiese en nutriënt massa uitruiling van die reservoirs het aangetoon dat geen jaarlikse toename in fosfor verkry kan word met lae nutrient toelae (kwaliteit van invloeiende water) of met goeie waterverplasing nie, en soms met die ekstraksie van hipoliminetiese water gedurende die stagnasie periode (somer). Die Beveridge model het soortgelyke resultate getoon tot die massabalans benadering en kan daarom dien as ‘n meer aanvaarbare model om gepaste beladingstempo vas te stel. Kleiner mensgemaakte reservoirs in die Wes-Kaap is onderhewig aan ‘n eutrofikasie proses wat die spoed van natuurlike eutrofikasie (trofies verwys na ‘n hoogs eutrofiese of hipertrofiese toestand ongeveer 10 tot 20 jaar na reservoir konstruksie) oorskry. Literatuur (nie ondersoek in die huidige studie) dui aan dat hierdie versnelde eutrofikasie proses meegebring word deur landbouaktiwiteite in die opvangsarea van die reservoirs. Resultate van die huidige studie het getoon dat forelproduksie in hokstelsels, die konsentrasie van total fosfor wat reeds beskikbaar was, verdubbel het. Die toename in fosforkonsentrasie het binne 1 tot 2 jaar na die aanvang van forelproduksie in die betrokke reservoirs, plaasgevind. Daar is egter uitsonderings waar forelproduksie in hokstelsels moontlik was, sonder die gepaardgaande afname in die waterkwaliteit. Die belangrikste stap vir suksesvolle en volhoubare forelproduksie is deeglike perseelseleksie. Daar is geen impak van akwakultuur waargeneem by vier persele (15 %) wat die eienskappe van goeie waterverplasing (>3 keer per jaar) en ‘n minimum oppervlakarea van 5 ha gehad het nie. Bykomend, sluit kriteria wat die risiko van algbesmetting laat afneem, ‘n minimum waterdiepte van 6 tot 7 m in ‘n reservoir by die laagste punt in (om te verhoed dat intermediêre vermenging plaasvind gedurende die stagnasieperiode) sowel as koue hipolimnetiese toestande (<17 °C) om sianobakterieë sist remobilisasie te minimaliseer. Verdere verbetering van die VOH (voeromsettingsverhouding onder voedingsbestuur) en voerkwaliteit is na perseeleleksie, die volgende komponente wat kan aandui of ‘n perseel gebruik kan word vir hokkultuur sonder enige impak. Vordering met voerkwaliteit en voedingsbestuur kan die aantal volhoubare persele laat toeneem en daardeur meer effektiewe watergebruik teweeg bring, sonder die verwante waterkwaliteit verswakking.

Magister Artium - MA
This thesis explores the embodied aesthetics of performance in the making of belonging in post-apartheid South Africa, through an investigation of the klopse, also known as Cape Minstrel and the ‘Coons’, which are part of the annual New Year’s carnival in Cape Town. For this thesis I use the word klopse to refer to the carnival troupes. I map how from its inception the carnival aesthetics changed and came to represent something new and different as the participants engaged with the changing South African and Cape Town society. These changes are explored in connection with both coloured identity politics in the context of the “rainbow nation” discourse and the efforts to represent carnival in Cape Town as a colourful event in a global city to international and national visitors. I argue that at the core of it is the issue of belonging which is embodied through the aesthetics.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-99).
The arrival of unaccompanied minors poses unique challenges to the host country, raising serious questions about the rights and psychosocial health of that child. This mini thesis explores the experiences of young unaccompanied girls who arrived in South Africa and who are classified today as teenage refugee girls. The author investigated the challenges faced and adjustment mechanisms applied by the girls during pre-migration, trans-migration and post-migration phases. This study highlights significance of stability and safety for functional adolescent development and what happens when stability and safety are absent.

Magister Artium - MA
This thesis explores the precarious nature of authenticity as it manifested itself in the activities of H.I.M. Society, the Rastafarian student organization at the University of the Western Cape. Ethnographic research was conducted, to explore the above mentioned issue, which involved observation of various activities and in depth interviews. I also inquired about outsiders' perspectives on Rastafarianism and H.I.M. Society in particular. Authenticity, as it is conceived in this thesis, is about what a group of people deem culturally important. Three important ideas follow from this. The first is that not everyone in a group agrees on what is important. Put differently authenticating processes tend to be characterized by legitimizing crises. Therefore, secondly, social actors need to invest cultural ideas, objects and practices with authenticity. Lastly the authenticating processes are predicated on boundaries not necessarily as a means of exclusion but as fundamental to determining the core of cultural being and belonging

Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Impacts of invasive predators may be influenced by whether or not native predators which function in the same way as the invasive predator exist in the recipient system. Impacts are expected to be strong in isolated systems lacking functionally similar predators because native species will be naïve to the foraging behaviour of the introduced predator, and because the invasion is likely to change the role which the native predator assemblage performs. In this thesis I studied how the introduction of a functionally novel predatory fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, has affected native fish, and how changes in the functioning of the predator assemblage have influenced lower trophic levels, in headwater streams in a catchment area within the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Fish populations, benthic invertebrate assemblages, benthic algae and particulate organic matter were surveyed in each of 24 minimally-disturbed headwater streams in the upper Breede River catchment, and relevant environmental variables in each stream measured, over one summer.

Thesis (MScAgric (Conservation Ecology and Entomology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Small farm dams (< 20 ha) in the Western Cape Province provide adequate water conditions for intensive cage production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A major environmental concern of cage aquaculture, however, is the high inputs of nutrients via commercial diets and the subsequent eutrophication of the water source. Eutrophication can result in the degradation of the general water quality (increasing pH levels, oxygen depletion, increased hydrogen sulphide and free ammonia) and shifts in the phytoplankton structure (increased biomass, single species dominance). Deterioration of water quality will affect the success of the fish farming enterprise as well as the performance of irrigation equipment by increasing the risk of clogging and corrosion. Water quality, phytoplankton and zooplankton compositions were monitored at four sites from June 2005 to November 2006 to determine the effects of cage culture on the farm dam environment, its associated biota as well as irrigation water quality. The distribution of nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, was mainly influenced by the stratification and mixing regime of the water bodies. Nutrient concentrations increased during the winter mixing period while in the summer months, they seem to settle to the lower part of the water column. Nutrient concentrations of production sites and reference sites were comparable except for the ammonia levels that were significantly higher at the production sites. Phytoplankton corresponded with nutrient availability resulting in high biomass during winter. In terms of biomass, phytoplankton was approximately two times more abundant in production sites compared to reference sites. Assemblage dominance by cyanophytes (Anabaena circinalis, Microcystis spp.) was found more often in production sites, while reference sites were dominated by dinophytes (Ceratium hirundinella, Peridinium spp.). Zooplankton biomass concurred with high phytoplankton biomass in winter. Zooplankton assemblages in production sites sustained much higher biomass. Effects of cage culture on irrigation water quality are evident from increased algal biomass and shifts in species composition. These results indicated that at its present production level, cage culture had impacts on the farm dam environment and irrigation water quality. The most significant evidence was given by increased plankton biomass and single species dominance in production sites. However, these findings can not solely be ascribed to the introduction of aquaculture as various other factors may also contribute to the water quality of these ecosystems.

This study took place at a private high school in the Kavango region with my 32 grade 10B learners as the research participants. Its objective was to investigate how the grade 10 learners make sense of concepts on refraction of light through exploring their cultural beliefs/everyday experiences about the rainbow. This research study was essentially triggered by my own classroom experience of teaching the topic on refraction of light. In order to achieve the goal of this research, a qualitative case study located within an interpretive paradigm was adopted. To gather data I used multiple data gathering techniques such as brainstorming session, learners conducting interviews in the community, practical activities and focus group interviews. This resulted in descriptive data that qualified to be analyzed in a qualitative way. The themes that emerged from the generated data were coded using upper letter cases and various colours. A methodological triangulation was employed by using multiple data generation techniques. Member checking during focus group interviews also ensured validity in this case study. The findings of this study revealed that the use of learners’ cultural beliefs/everyday experiences can be used to enhance learner engagement, meaning making and conceptual development during the science lessons. In addition, the ways in which practical activities are designed and presented to learners in the science classroom determine learners’ participation and conceptual attainment. Therefore, based on my research findings, I recommend that teachers need to be trained to be able to elicit and integrate learners’ cultural beliefs/everyday experiences in conjunction with hands-on practical activities which focus on conceptual development during their science lessons. However, although this study had many benefits, it also showed that it is not easy to close the gap between learners’ prior everyday knowledge and school science. This warrants further research.

Die Nutzung historisch solider Lastannahmen, wie sie zum Beispiel die VDV Richtlinie 152 in der Fassung von 1992 festlegt, ist für die Festigkeitsauslegung neuartiger Straßen- und Stadtbahnfahrzeuge unzureichend, da die Annahmen und Methoden der Komplexität und insbesondere der Nichtlinearität moderner Fahrzeugkonzepte keine Rechnung tragen. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie sich entstandene Lücken in den Lastannahmen durch Simulation und Messung von Fahrzeug und Gleis analysieren, verstehen und schließen lassen. Den Kern bildet dabei der Einsatz detaillierterer Simulationsmodelle von Fahrzeug und Gleis, deren Eingangsdaten mit Hilfe von Messungen gewonnen und deren Ausgangsdaten mit ihnen verifiziert und ergänzt werden müssen. Hierfür werden Methoden und Werkzeuge entwickelt, die ein ein vielseitiges Baukastensystem für die Fahrzeuganalyse, Modellvalidierung und Datenbewertung bilden, und zu sicheren Lastannahmen für die Fahrzeugauslegung führen.

Diversity in children’s picture books is a topic that has received tremendous momentum in recent years. Movements like We Need Diverse Books show a rising social consciousness regarding the importance of diversity in children’s literature. However, the discussion of family diversity – both academically and creatively – remains an area that is often not considered. Picture books play a significant role in the lives of children, and the benefits of representation cannot be overstated (Mokrzycki 2019). Yet, overwhelmingly, picture book families remain ‘intact’ – the official term used by the Australian government for the two- parent family model. Thus, children from all other family types, like step and blended families, foster families, single parent and grandparent-led families, remain largely unrepresented. Furthermore, families diverse in culture, sexuality, identity, body and mind diversity are equally limited. This PhD by Creative Project responds to this problem by means of a creative work and accompanying exegesis. My creative work takes the form of an original illustrated picture book titled The rainbow cake, which centres on a diverse Polish- Australian family. The exegesis challenges preconceived notions of what makes a family ‘intact’, and examines the benefits family-diverse representation provides. It includes the analysis of 300 picture books (180 Australian and 120 International) to examine trends, patterns and gaps in family representation.

碩士
國立中正大學
財務金融所
98
Using Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation method, this study analyzes the hedge performance of various types of rainbow option and determines the optimal design of these options from the standpoint of option seller in both bull and bear market conditions. Specifically, this paper examines the influence of various variables including the average of correlation coefficient, the average of volatility, the deviation of correlation coefficient and the deviation of volatility on hedge performance of in the money(ITM), at the money(ATM) and out the money(OTM) rainbow options, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the changes of these variables under bull/bear markets for different industries using trend analysis. Based on these results, this study indentifies the appropriate characteristics of rainbow option which minimizes the hedging risk for option issuers under either bull or bear markets. Our empirical results show that in a bull market, security companies should issue ITM best-of call option with underlying stocks from the iron and steel industries, while ITM best-of call option with underlyers from electronics, foodstuff or plastic and chemistry industries are more suitable in a bear market.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
幼兒教育研究所
99
This study examines the oral presentation strategies employed by the voluntary worker from the Rainbow Family association in communicating life education. The major purposes are threefold: 1.To examine how the Rainbow Family voluntary worker decides the life education content; 2.To explore what language strategies the Rainbow Family voluntary worker employs in life education; 3.To draw practical implications for parents or teachers when conducting life education. To accomplish the above-mentioned goals, the researcher proposes the following research questions: (1)How does the Rainbow Family voluntary worker decide the life education content? (2)What language strategies does the Rainbow Family voluntary worker employ in life education? The research participants were a Rainbow Family voluntary worker and the 32 second grade students from Hsinchu City. I adopted qualitative research methods to observe the life education class conducted by this rainbow story mom, the group discussion for teaching preparation conducted by the Rainbow Family Life Education Association, and the story-telling training program of the voluntary workers. Follow-up in-depth interviews and document-collection were also conducted to gather further information on the research questions. Major findings are as follows: 1. Factors related to the life education curriculum decision of the rainbow story mom were: (1) The life education materials issued by the Rainbow Family Association; (2)The Story-telling Training courses; (3)Group teaching preparation;(4) Incidental events; (5) Personality of the voluntary worker. 2. The language strategies employed by the Rainbow Family voluntary worker can be grouped into three categories: the affective strategies (affection bond and affection support), the cognitive strategies (repetition, discussion, questioning, recollect, reminder, revision, foretelling, and conclusion), and the life-bond strategies (examples from experience, norms and incidental events). Based on the above findings, the researcher proposes six suggestions.

This study seeks to articulate a particular type of theatre aesthetic, that which manifests as invisible in the performative mode. This invisiblist theatrical paradigm might comprise an otherness of form, character and/or language in both the written and performed text. The thesis navigates a writer’s teasing out of aspects of the Invisible for performance, as well as ways in which to plot conditions conducive to an invisiblist theatrical experience. The study also looks to a further aspect of invisiblist theatre: its temporality or aliveness, which essentially represents an engagement with the immediate now in performance. This sense of the immediate now is contextualised within the wider or peripheral now - the social/cultural/ political status quo. Aspects of the peripheral now are extrapolated in the context of the works of theorists and theatre practitioners, in order to reflect the values of this epoch, or acknowledge contemporaneity within a theatre piece. The outcomes of the research are tested and utilised in the writing and staging of a play entitled The Rainbow Dark (2006). This process was informed by experimentation within a pilot study, implementing a text entitled Shadow Play (2005). The Rainbow Dark (2006) was realised in two different ways; as a reading with Queensland Theatre Company and in performative mode with Backbone Youth Arts; both these realisations took place in Brisbane in 2006. The Rainbow Dark (2006) is a hybrid text with an invisiblist aesthetic. It borrows from the peripheral now with its specific political content, yet is able to avoid the effect of rhetoric in performance. Herein lies my potential model for contemporaneity in theatre writing. The outcomes of this study also include an ongoing trajectory for the creative project of The Rainbow Dark (2006). The play is currently contracted for broadcast by ABC Radio National, and will also be realised as part of Just Us Theatre Ensemble’s Independent season in Cairns, in November 2008.

This study seeks to articulate a particular type of theatre aesthetic, that which manifests as invisible in the performative mode. This invisiblist theatrical paradigm might comprise an otherness of form, character and/or language in both the written and performed text. The thesis navigates a writer’s teasing out of aspects of the Invisible for performance, as well as ways in which to plot conditions conducive to an invisiblist theatrical experience. The study also looks to a further aspect of invisiblist theatre: its temporality or aliveness, which essentially represents an engagement with the immediate now in performance. This sense of the immediate now is contextualised within the wider or peripheral now - the social/cultural/ political status quo. Aspects of the peripheral now are extrapolated in the context of the works of theorists and theatre practitioners, in order to reflect the values of this epoch, or acknowledge contemporaneity within a theatre piece. The outcomes of the research are tested and utilised in the writing and staging of a play entitled The Rainbow Dark (2006). This process was informed by experimentation within a pilot study, implementing a text entitled Shadow Play (2005). The Rainbow Dark (2006) was realised in two different ways; as a reading with Queensland Theatre Company and in performative mode with Backbone Youth Arts; both these realisations took place in Brisbane in 2006. The Rainbow Dark (2006) is a hybrid text with an invisiblist aesthetic. It borrows from the peripheral now with its specific political content, yet is able to avoid the effect of rhetoric in performance. Herein lies my potential model for contemporaneity in theatre writing. The outcomes of this study also include an ongoing trajectory for the creative project of The Rainbow Dark (2006). The play is currently contracted for broadcast by ABC Radio National, and will also be realised as part of Just Us Theatre Ensemble’s Independent season in Cairns, in November 2008.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
教育學系碩士班
99
The purpose of this study is to realize how teachers’ professional learning communities work and their affect on teachers’ professional growth and student achievements in Rainbow elementary school. The research is a case study, and data is collected by interviewing eight educational staffs, observing language community and math community in Rainbow elementary school, and analyzing documents and adding researcher’s reflection notes. The findings of the study are as following： 1. The working type of teachers’ professional learning community in Rainbow elementary school is cooperation, shared practice, and shared leadership. 2. The key of how teachers’ professional learning community works in Rainbow elementary school is support from the administrative team, the teachers’ will, and the support within the community. 3. The characteristic of teachers’ professional learning community in Rainbow elementary school is shared vision, cooperation, shared practice, supportive conditions, shared leadership, professional growth, and continuous improvement. 4. The administrative team of Rainbow elementary school gives supportive conditions for teachers’ professional learning communities, including structural factors like time and resources and relational factors like keeping teachers company. 5. The difficulties of teachers’ professional learning communities come from inner structure conditions of the communities, comments of students’ parents, and personal factors. 6. Teachers’ professional learning communities bring out the culture of teachers’ professional dialogues and paying more attention to students’ learning outcomes. These obtain the public compliments on teachers’ profession and student learning. 7. Teachers’ participation in the communities is the approach to promoting the development of the curriculum and instruction, which can be more focused on student learning. Moreover, teachers’ professional learning communities give novice teachers a supportive environment. 8. The reflection of teachers in the teachers’ professional learning community comes from professional dialogues after classroom observations, writing reflection notes and shared practice. 9. Student achievements and evaluation from the public compliments is the connection to examine teachers’ professional growth and student learning. 10.Students participate in discussion and express the enthusiasm of the subjects and activities in class. 11.Promoting students’ sensitivity to the Chinese literacy and math achievements. According to the findings of the study, there are some suggestions for Rainbow elementary school, intended schools or teachers and future studies.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
成人與繼續教育研究所
99
The purpose of this research is to make out how male volunteers show their ethics of care in the process of service. In the methods of qualitative research, I sampled ten male rainbow volunteers as participants and gathered data through semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis, and so on. After consulting the operation and system of the Rainbow organization’s volunteers service, we divided the discovery and discussion of the research into three stages: Preparation Time, Execution Time and Reflection Time. The following are the results of the research: Ⅰ. Preparation Time : 1. The group discussion was the cradle of performing caring and volunteering service. 2. Time for individual preparations was beneficial to caring ethics of motivational displacement. 3. Part of the rainbow angels’ anticipation was about not only caring relationship but also conveying the message of the campaign. Both were caring action. 4. Rainbow angels were looking forward to accomplishing caring relationship. Their expectations of and demand for themselves were more than those who were cared for. Ⅱ. Execution Time : 1. Instead of sticking to the procedure of the activities, Rainbow angels expressed their caring according to circumstances. 2. They engrossed in children’s need. 3. They took in their response completely, and held a sincere attitude as caring. 4. Rainbow angels realized the limitations of caring, and they would do their best to help those kids who are in need. 5. Most of the rainbow angels showed devoted caring of ethics when interacting with individual kids. 6. Most of the rainbow angels expressed nature caring whenever necessary while facing the whole class or the individual; few rainbow angels who had the same anticipation of caring relationship and conveying the message of the campaign needed to be reminded of the ethical caring. 7. Some of the rainbow angels viewed themselves as rational persons putting stress on conveying the message of the campaign, but showing ethics of care while sharing experiences. Ⅲ. Reflection Time : 1. After giving their caring, they anticipated responses of all kinds; most thought what they gained was more than what they gave. 2. They felt the mutual caring with both kids and their teammates. 3. Caring the kids improved their personality traits. 4. Promising to be caring persons naturally strengthened their relationship with the kids and elevated marital relationship and relationship between parents and children. 5. They viewed the relationship with the kids as the most important thing in the process of volunteer service; some of the rainbow angels put equal emphasis on conveying the message of the story. 6. Aware of the kids’ lack of a father’s love for them and conscious of their own male roles, rainbow angels pose as rainbow fathers of the kids. 7. Some rainbow angels thought that they were not different from rainbow mothers as caring. 8. What they gave kids were a father’s love, an image, and a role model. 9. Rainbow angels were not looking forward to getting instant results, but expected that the seeds planted with care would grow sturdily someday. Eventually, aiming at rainbow angels, male volunteers, Taiwan Rainbow Family Life Education Association and follow-up research, we will offer concrete, workable suggestions based on the results of the research. Key words：Male volunteers; Ethics of care

碩士
雲林科技大學
文化資產維護系碩士班
98
“Wushe Incident” was happened in 1930 at Wushe and the Seediq descendants was compelled to live at Alang-Gluban in 1931. This issues is about the weaving handcraft in Seediq culture at Alang-Gluban. Which is the one of the most important part of the Seediq Gaya. In order to understand the unique value in this weaving handcraft, we need to understand the major belief which are Gaya, Utux, and Tatoo. And the analysis of Alang-Gluban''s background, historical development, social culture, rituals and festivals. I used the participant observation to understand the women how to learn weaving and what the developvmet of this handcraft is. Then I''ll discuss their weaving form and culture of it. The weaving culture was affected by three main periods- Japanese colonization, KMT government period, and community empowerment period. Through the three periods, we can discover the changes of the users, using spaces, weavers, and the weaving process. And we can try to represent the symbolic meaning interpretented by Seediq. According to construct autonomy space and practice of Gaya. Seediq female''s independence and the practice of weaving not only represent the relation between their culture and social life, but also their weaving memories and skills. It can emphazise the unique weaving meaning in Seediq traditional culture context and the relation between traditional weaving and morden socail constructure. We still want to discuss the multiple interpretation of weaving which are transferred in social, cultural and historical context. I hope we can understand the values of weaving handcraft are changed by the policies in each period. And they also affect the development of the weaving knowledge. How to convey the values of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” through imaging and practicing is also my main care.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
美術學系
106
Abstract For the popularization and promotion of arts, the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts (NTMoFA) officially launched an outreach program, “Rainbow Express Train of the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts”, in 2016. The purpose of this paper aims to probe into the school project conducted in the summer vacation of the same year, learning about the planning concept and process, the curriculum and education, the experience of volunteer teachers’ engagement, the level of satisfaction of the participants and the learning outcome, as well as to offer insights for the planning of museum’s outreach service project. This paper is a case study with qualitative approach as the main methodology, aided by quantitative data. The subjects were the museum staff, the volunteer teachers, the school principal, and the students participating in the project. With means of participant observation, in-depth interview, portfolio, and questionnaire, data are collected and analyzed. In terms of the questionnaire’s structure, basic information, level of satisfaction, Generic Learning Outcomes (GLOs), and open questions are included to capture the effectiveness of the project. With the research purpose at its core, the study arrives at the conclusion as followed: (1) The planning of project was based on the concept of promoting art education in society, and the process was in accordance with the ideal model of planning. The project shared arts to rural areas through the efforts of volunteers, so that the students from the school in rural area may appreciate the fun in arts. The planning process follows the ideal model from the environment analysis of museum inside out and of the attributes of learners to the completion of project evaluation. Combined with the unilateral cooperation mode based on the communication of good faith to align the museum and the school, it became the key to a successful execution of activity. (2) Situation Model was utilized in the project to develop contents of curriculum in the frameworks of dynamic activities and static activities, together with teaching methods such as the stimulus-response model, discovery learning model, and constructivism learning model in the museum education theory. The design of curriculum took into consideration the school’s resources as well as the attributes and needs of students in the development of curriculum goals. Thus, the students could enjoy museum education from art learning and life education from group activities. The students provides the most feedback and responses when methods like question instruction, establishing condition for exploration and linking to the life experience of students were employed. (3) Volunteers demonstrated the attribute of self-actualization with high level of passion in service, appreciation toward service experience, teaching ability, and the capability to plan and execute activities independently. The motivation of volunteers partaking in the activities indicated their commitment and social interest. They viewed things and people they served from a refreshing angle full of dynamic and fun. The volunteers had the knowledge as well as competence of teaching, completed the planning of educational activities and curriculum design, followed by successful execution. It is the embodiment of spontaneity and creativity, revealing not just the fact that the NTMoFA volunteers carry the attribute of self-actualization, but they being the potential force to vitalize museum education and the assets to the museum to popularize art education in society. (4) The outcomes of evaluations on the level of satisfaction from the project’s participants and on the GLOs meet the expectation for the project. The result of evaluation indicates an 85% of approval rate with the area of “teaching content” outperforms the rest. The result of GLOs evaluation reveals an 83% of approval rate with the dimension of “enjoyment, inspiration, and creativity” outshines the rest. The students gave significantly positive feedback and identification toward the project. In short, this was a successful museum education project. The author would like to offer suggestions on the practices of museum‘s outreach service development: The museum-school collaboration must be based on good faith; the curriculum development and the application of education theories in teaching should put learners at their core; volunteers should be empowered to be able to conduct educational activities. In regard to the recommendation for future study, three aspects can be considered: the width and the depth of research content as well as the selection of methodology.

碩士
中原大學
宗教研究所
101
Abstract It’s been 14 years since Rainbow Family Life Education Association (“RFLEA”) embarked on Life Education through advocating in elementary schools by Rainbow Parents. With numerous modifications on teaching materials, volunteers will have to adjust accordingly. This research is based on the real practice in Wen hua Elementary School, Pinzhen City. Starting from zero, the Rainbow Parents have been teaching life education courses in the school for 6 years, finding the overall effect is quite limited. Thus, there are two issues for this research trying to clarify further: 1.Finding if self-awareness can be promoted through the study group of “Life Education for Elementary Schools” compiled by RFLEA. 2.Finding if the teaching objectives have been realized and if the students have more positive learning motives through the courses of “Life Education for Elementary Schools” compiled by RFLEA. This research adopts qualitative case study through attentive observation, semi-structure questionnaire, data compiling and documents analysis with a view to making the research more structurally reasonable. Meanwhile, teaching materials with real practice aims to add more credibility. In conclusion, effective questionnaires show different perspectives and comments of participating volunteers and students regarding the course arrangements and contents, which researchers can hardly explain by objective thinking. However, the majority of participating volunteers and students still recognize the value of Rainbow Family Life Education.

碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
99
The potential of urban riverside space has come to attention over the past years. Thanks to the improved living quality, riverside space improvement has become one of the vital tasks an advanced country has to take when addressing urban renewal. The study cites an example of a general development plan of the neighboring area of Rainbow Bridge of Taipei City, scrutinizing the public’s needs towards the facilities and construction regarding riverfront development. The current study explores the ratings of importance and performance of the riverfront space’s facilities through a questionnaire survey and a post-occupancy evaluation, adopting Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) as the basis for providing suggestions on the planning of a riverside space. The research results indicate that most tourists that have been interviewed live in Taipei City, which is a geographic factor. The motive of coming to riverside parks among the interviewed is to do exercise or sport and keep fit and healthy. Safety devices and recreational facilities of riverside parks are major items that need to be improved upon by the authorities concerned and government agencies.

碩士
亞洲大學
休閒與遊憩管理學系
106
In recent years, painted villages with different styles have appeared in various parts of Taiwan. Today's Taiwanese people attach great importance to the arrangement of travel itineraries. Many tourists will use the smart phone's network to search for destination information as a reference for arranging travel activities. Higher destination visibility, it's easier to find information about the place on the Internet, also you can see a lot of comments, as well as the content of the articles of association by tourist's message for recommend on the website and various factors will affect the tourists for destination interested. Young people are frequent use of Facebook, Instagram or other online platforms. The most important consideration for visitors to search for destinations of popular punching points. So Internet web has become an indispensable tool for use. However, many of the painted villages are short-lived, there are also some painted villages that have fallen behind for a while, but Rainbow Village is still popular in many painted villages. More data and information illustrate it has famous international even a certain status in tourist's mind. Therefore, this study takes Rainbow Village as a destination to explore the relationship between visitors to Rainbow Village and their Destination Awareness, Perceived Quality and Destination Loyalty. The study was conducted by questionnaire survey. The subjects were mainly visitors to the Rainbow Village in the field, and questionnaires were distributed in the park and at the entrances and exits. A total of 310 questionnaires were distributed, 307 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of the study found that: 1: Destination visibility has a positive impact on perceived quality. 2: Destination perception quality has a positive impact on destination loyalty. 3: Destination visibility has a positive impact on the loyalty of the purpose. 4: Perceptual quality has an intermediary effect between destination popularity and destination loyalty.

碩士
中華大學
行政管理學系碩士班
103
According to gender equality education law article 17 and item 2: 「the junior high school and elementary school should be included gender equality education into the curriculum, each semester should implement gender equality education courses or activities at least four hours」. This study was designed to investigate the Rainbow Family Life Education Association to implement gender equality in education - based on one of elementary school in Hsinchu city as an example, the following objectives as below： 1.To descript the Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education history and related supporting courses. 2.To discuss the Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education - 「Yes Go」 to evaluate what impact to sixthelementary school in Hsinchu city for gender quality. 3.Based on this result, specific recommendations for implrment of the relevant units in the reference gender equality education. In this stidy, in depth interview – based, and supporting by Quasi-Experimental /design research method to discuss the Ramily Life /education Association implement gender quality performance. Depth interviews methods are based on the characteristics of different types of design interview subject, based on interviews result, to evaluate 「The Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education」,「Gender equality education –the Yes Go course design」, 「Gender equality education – courses announcement 」, 「The Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education performance」,「The Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education performance – the Yes Go evaluation」,「The feedback of elementary school for gender equality education or the Rainbow Family Life Education association」and so on. The Quasi-Experimental Design is refer to relation questionnaire and get 「gender equality education attitude scale」to implement testing after training. According to 357 students in one of the sixth elementary high school in Hsinchu city to study gender equality education -「Yes Go」of the Rainbow Family Life Education Association, before teaching and after 12 courses. And based on 「gender equality education attitude scale」to test after teaching. To analysis the Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education performance. The investigation result as below： 1.The Rainbow Family Life Education Association hopes to make up for lack of family and school education to implement gender equality education. 2.The 「Yes Go」 course is based on life education concept, development of mankind angle, in education connotation, and reference promoted gender equality education by the govement to design. 3.The Rainbow Family Life Education Association will continue development the「Yes Go」 course for teacher training (Volunteers) promote into elementary school. 4.The Rainbow Family Life Education Association implement gender equality education has distinctiveness results. 5. Related units for the Rainbow Family Life Education Association to implement of gender equality education give positive comments affirmation. 6. Elementary school gender equality need education authorities, schools, teachers and parents of mutual cooperation. Keyword: The Rainbow Family Life Education Association, Gender equality education, The Yes Go course

碩士
中華大學
行政管理學系碩士班
103
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research focuses on impacts of bringing in external resource to Hsinchu city public elementary schools. Based on Rainbow Family Life Education Association Hsinchu chapter experience, this research documents the external resource, more specifically Rainbow Family Life Education Association, impact to school, in order to construct a success story for public school and private external organization collaboration. Interview has been conducted across four Hsinchu public elementary school covering principles, administrators, teachers, rainbow volunteers and three rainbow Hsinchu chapter members. This research found the following conclusions and recommendation based on the conducted interviews for future reference by the government, school, and Rainbow Family Life Education Association promoting life education. Based on the main research discovery, the conclusions of this research are the following: 1. Current Hsinchu public elementary school life education status I. Schools with related resource, school with own life education materials, and school with own related activities. II. Schools without related resource, school with external education resource, such as rainbow life education material. 2. Key factors for external resource impact on Hsinchu public elementary schools: mission and trust, resource and material consideration, administration collaboration, teacher involvedness, school geological location. 3. Key factors for rainbow life impact on Hsinchu public elementary school: mission and trust, content of the education materials, volunteer ability and dedication, organization public image, human and financial resource. 4. Construct a success story for public school and private organization collaboration for Hsinchu public elementary school. First, both parties need to have consensus on the mission. Then the school principle and the administrators, school teachers need to consider the availability of the school resource, the responsibility of the school volunteer ability and dedication, and organization public image in order to decide to bring in Family Life Education Association life education resource. When previously mentioned conditions are all resolved, then recruiting of volunteers can be started. If parental volunteer resource is sufficient, self-paid education by the rainbow organization can be used to staff love life campaign at the class level. If the school human resource is insufficient, schools would depend on the external organization for human resource and staff the class level love life promotion campaign based on organization certified volunteers. Both scenarios described above have been demonstrated by public-private collaboration partnership between the Hsinchu public elementary schools and Rainbow Family Life Education Association. Key words: public elementary school , Rainbow Family Life Education Association , non-profit organization , public-private collaboration

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
課程與教學研究所
95
Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors and difficulties that may influence implementing the teachers’ curriculum leadership in primary school and also propose some solutions. Qualitative analysis method is employed in this study. The study subjects are the six grade curriculum leaders of a primary school. Collected data used curriculum plan, proceedings, school vision, curricula frame, field notes, interview records, the researcher’s reflection of the study, the students’ work and worksheet. Through document analysis, observation, interview and data analysis, the results of the research are as follows: 1. Teacher Pearl and teacher Green’s ideology of teachers’ curriculum leadership is not to be a leader but a partner and supporter. 2. Teacher Pearl and teacher Green’s experiences in teacher’s curriculum leadership are: set the “integrated learning area” goals, assist the teachers of integrated learning area planning curriculum and gaining the knowledge of their profession, lead the six grade teachers implementing the curriculum, provide teaching resources and material, solve the teaching problems, inspire and communicate with the team members. 3. The main factors that influence a teacher’s curriculum leadership are: personal attributes and the professional cognitive skills in teaching and curriculum. 4. The elements that affect teachers’ curriculum leadership in the school are: the way how the principal leads, the support from the administration, school-based curriculum, and the atmosphere of a school. 5. Teacher Pearl and Green’s curriculum leadership are not influenced by the factors other than school. 6. The difficulties of teacher Pearl and Green’s curriculum leadership are: the differences between their personal characters, teachers are more rely on text books and teacher’s manual, insufficient time, lack of knowledge of developing curriculum, the different intentions between teachers whether to develop the curriculum, shortages of the curriculum leader and school administration hasn’t paid much attentions to teachers’ curriculum leadership. 7. Teacher Pearl and Green adopt the following coping strategies to confront the difficulties: (1)A sincere communication between themselves would diminish the problems caused by the differences of their personal characters. (2)Provide the paperwork to teachers and compress the activities of integrated lessons in order to have sufficient time. (3)Elaborate on the curriculum plan to cope with the situation that teachers are used to rely on textbooks and teacher’s manual. (4)Providing knowledge and encourage team teaching to compensate the insufficiency of teacher’s curriculum knowledge. (5)Through the discussion of the curriculum to change teachers’ concept toward the curriculum development and may increase the willing to participate in it. (6)Invite more colleagues to partake in planning curriculum, as well as, expect the school administration get involved in the activity and give supports to the curriculum leader. (7)Take the initiative in informing the school administration of curriculum plan/ activity may overcome the difficulty which the school administration hasn’t paid much attention to the curriculum development. Based on above mentioned conclusions, the researcher provides suggestions for the school administration, curriculum leaders and the future researchers. 1. School administration: develop a team of curriculum development, assist teachers in curriculum leadership, give more concern about the curriculum leader, encourage teacher participate in curriculum leadership, provide more time for discussing the curriculum, assist teachers gaining the knowledge of developing curriculum and curriculum leadership; support teachers’ curriculum leadership. 2. Teachers of curriculum leadership: use the teamwork to share the responsibility for curriculum leadership and may also find a new curriculum leader in the team; do not occupy the curriculum discussion time for other purposes; guide the peer teachers to contribute themselves in the curriculum discussion; have the curriculum evaluation well planned. 3. The future researchers: could study different learning areas or different school sizes of teachers’ curriculum leadership; do a further study in terms of dividing the responsibilities between the administration curriculum leadership and teachers’ curriculum leadership; compare different teacher’s curriculum leadership models.

碩士
正修科技大學
經營管理研究所
99
Advertising has long been seen as one of powerful marketing tools, especially when the furious market competence grows and plenty of advertising can be easily found around us, therefore the business owners do their best to catch the consumers’ eyes and try to come out with the most effective advertising strategy, hoping to attract the attention of the consumers. Hence, it is the marketing personnel’s top priority to design the product that can catch the consumers’ eyes and promote their purchasing willingness through the presentation of the products. Most of the companies will choose famous people as advertisement spokesman to propagandize for their brand in order to develop product’s popularity and to attract the purchasing willingness of the consumers. But some factors will influence people to make their final decision, such as different situations, various problem and presentation styles of the information. This study is based on paint purchasing, discussing the mutual influence among product information, advertising message and framework effect; further to study whether these three factors will affect the consumers’ willingness when purchasing. Quantitative method and paper questionnaire are used in this study. According to the analysis of product purchasing, whether the paint information and advertising message will affect consumers’ purchasing intention, or the framework effect towards the interviewees will affect their purchasing intention, analyzing the positive correlation among these factors.

A recent upsurge exists of archaeologists using ancient hair as a research tool, with new uses of this previously discarded archaeological material being introduced annually. Human hair deteriorates extremely slowly, and since the average modern human sheds approximately one hundred hairs per day, there should be copious amounts of hair debris left behind after humans leave a site; it is just a matter of how much of the hair survives in the archaeological environment. Most loose hair recovered from archaeological sites, however, is found fortuitously and in many cases, because archaeologists were not actively searching for ancient hair, it is possible they tainted the hair they later tested in ways that compromised their data, or more importantly contaminated their samples with modern hair and did not test ancient hair at all. No standardized method has previously been established for searching for ancient hair in an archaeological site. This paper considers (a) a method of soil extraction in the field that avoids contamination with modern hair and elements that might hinder later test data; (b) the processing of samples in the laboratory while continuing sample integrity; (c) identification of the types of soils and environments that are most favorable to hair preservation; and (d) an examination of the relevance of hair extraction from sites including the practicality and research potential. This paper examines five archaeological sites, using three different methods of hair extraction, examining the pros and cons of each. This should enable future researchers to find a method that works best for their particular site. It also analyzes the soil chemistry of the sites in order to study the soil and hair survival relationship, so that scientists can better determine which soils hold the best potential for hair survival. Laboratory methods that avoid contamination of the samples are also outlined in order to help researchers keep sample integrity after leaving the archaeological site.

M.A. University of The Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities (Applied Drama), 2012
This research conducts an analysis of Process Drama as a tool towards exploring sexual identity among adolescent orphan girls in relation to the spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Using Process Drama, an educational method that conceptually and practically employs elements of drama to educate and to deepen the participant’s quality of experience, this research explored how through engaging with issues of identity, a mature understanding of sexuality can be encouraged among adolescent girls which may help to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS The study was also an attempt to deconstruct societal constructions of girls’ sexuality that leave out their sexual subjectivity, stressing the importance in defining strong identities among orphans as a way of encouraging their individuality and power in relationships. The research provided a platform through which adolescent orphan girls could face their own emotions and feelings, and those of others and try to identify and understand the root causes in the spread of HIV/AIDS. It was discovered that orphan hood impacts emotionally, financially and socially on the individual, such that it is important for there to be regular drama workshops in orphanages as a way of addressing adversity, loss and pain. Drama is empowering. Through the unique process of enactment, its diversity of form stimulates creativity and imagination, aesthetic sensitivity and fulfillment. It provides opportunities for investigation and reflection, for celebration and challenge. It is a potent means of collaboration and communication which can change the ways people feel, think and behave. By its combination of the affective and the effective, it sharpens perception, enables personal expression and the growth of intellectual and emotional literacy. It provides a framework for the exploration of ideas and feelings and the making of meaning.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
教育學系碩士班
99
This study examines the cooperative model of elementary school homeroom teachers working with “Taiwan Rainbow Family Life Education Association” paraprofessional volunteers to promote life education courses, while aiming to elucidate homeroom teachers and volunteers cognitive awareness and perspectives on implementing life education, as well as considering pragmatic measures for overcoming obstacles encountered along the way. The study deploys a qualitative approach, relying predominantly on interviews, with field-based observation, literature review and personal reflection notes, along with theoretical and explanatory interpretations, eliciting the following findings: 1. Professional educators unique life experiences tend to richly inform and profoundly impact their cognition and worldviews about life education, further influencing their curricular planning considerations and responsiveness to incorporation of life education across their curriculum; important exemplary anecdotal lessons from their personal lives, also serve to exhibit significant clarification and portrayal purposes during their actual teaching. 2. The homeroom teachers and “Rainbow” volunteers cooperative model for promotion of life education, varies tremendously from traditional discussions of cooperation models emphasizing underlying motivation for cooperation, historical cooperation, cooperative methods, or cooperative efficacy, instead evincing an asynchronous, incommensurate input model for officious intermeddler cooperation. 3. Homeroom teachers and Rainbow volunteers display varied appreciation of the difficulties facing implementation of life education across the curriculum, with homeroom teachers largely considering that the primary concerns lie with inadequate instructional time and lack of appropriate curricular materials, while the Rainbow volunteers tended to regard the almost invisible, passive support from the school and faculty as constituting the key obstacles to successful implementation.

碩士
世新大學
觀光學研究所(含碩專班)
102
The purpose of this study was on participation motivation of volunteers of Keelung Chang Le Primary School of Rainbow Family Life Education Association as an example to testify Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy and Deci’s Self-Determination Theory, SDT. And leisure benefit of volunteers testified Leisure Benefit of the Serious Leisure Perspective. The results as following： 1、Participation Motivation The volunteers participated a significant team for getting the new education knowledge, improving the relationship with children testified the Social Needs of Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy. They became confident with the sense of achievement testified the Esteem Needs of Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy. They acquired abilities, strengths, skills and self-fulfillment testified the Self-Actualization Needs of Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy. They shared the life education also training themselves to oral express testified the Intrinsic Motivation to Know of Deci’s Self-Determination Theory. The volunteers thought Life Education was worthy testified External Regulation of the External Motivation. 2、Leisure Benefit The Rainbow Family Life Education Association provided new teaching material to the volunteers to use. They got new knowledge to feel enrich. They acquired abilities, strengths, skills and self-actualization. Their performance testified leisure benefit of the Serious Leisure Perspective.

碩士
臺北市立大學
人文藝術學院國民小學教師在職進修公民與社會教學碩士學位班
107
Through observation and interviews, this study explores the enlightenment, empowerment and challenges of the “People and Life” initial course of the rainbow to the educator and learners, and explores the significance and value of the curriculum for the life education of the elementary schools. The researcher conducted a class observation of the rainbow volunteer teaching in the second semester of the second grade. The“People and Life” initial course consists of four units：Appreciate life、Dignity of life and death、Pursuit of the meaning of life、Faith and life. The research results are as follows：Four inspirations for the course－Life is worth awe；Cherish finite life；People can live a meaningful life；Good faith helps people. The four major enhancements to the students－Expressing willingness to appreciate and cherish life；Expressing willingness to cherish the time and relationship between self and relatives；Expressing the willingness to learn to live a meaningful life；Be willing to learn to be honest and treat others. The challenge of the course to the teacher－bringing faith to the face of religion, enabling students to understand the abstract textbook content. Instructor's inspirations－Course arrangement can be refined；The significance of course evaluation；The teaching of the rainbow volunteer can really affect the lives of children. The instructor gains enhancement in the teaching ability and attitude of life education. The significance and value of the course for the life education of elementary schools－Produce sowing effect and filter effect；The all-round life education teaching can be called a paradigm. Finally, specific recommendations are made for life education teachers, schools and educational administrative units, parents and future research.

This research journey investigated the ways in which (1) the lives of adolescents have been influenced by parental divorce and subsequent remarriage, (2) exploring the relationships participants have with biological, nonresidential fathers and (3) to collaboratively present ways of doing family in alternative. Four adolescent girls took part in group conversations where they could were empowered to have their voices heard in a society where they are usually marginalized and silenced. As a result of these conversations a family game, FunFam, was developed that aimed to assist families in expanding communication within the family. Normalizing prescriptive discourses about divorce and remarriage were deconstructed to offer participants the opportunity to re-author their stories about their families. The second part of the research journey explored the problem-saturated stories that these four participants had with their biological, nonresidential fathers. They deconstructed the discourses that influenced this relationship and redefined the relationship to suit their expectations and wishes.
Practical Theology
M.Th.

The purpose of the current research was to explore the narrative career experiences of Grade 12 learners as well as the constructs of the Life-Career Rainbow. Knowledge of how these constructs relate to one another added to the career literature as it relates to Grade 12 learners’ experiences of career guidance/development and served as a guide for the career guidance/counselling process. The main findings indicated that the past experiences of learners relating to subject choices highlighted that there is dissatisfaction with certain subjects not being included in the schools’ subject choices for Grades 10 to 12. At this phase, learners were found to be uncertain about their future plans. The learners’ present experiences in career crystallising indicated that they are in the process of exploring and crystallising their career choices. In terms of future employment options, learners indicated interests that fitted within most career types while other learners were undecided about their future aspirations. The career types included sports, entertainment, financial, the military and medicine/nursing. The findings demonstrate consistency with previous national research on adolescents’ occupational aspirations. Influences which were found to be prominent were personality, interests and abilities, parents, friends, teachers, schooling experiences, financial support, availability of jobs, work experience, and opportunities to work overseas.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

碩士
玄奘大學
社會工作學系碩士在職專班
105
Because the changing opinions from traditional merriage. Since 1970s, Taiwanees male have been changed their way of looking for their own bride from south-east area throgh marriage intermediary agents. And then we called those children were born after this kind of marriage relationship --- New Inhabitants’ Children. In early years, the research to New Inhabitants’ Children are focus on their learning issues. But in recent years, schoolars provide different point of views on it, and trying to study the area of observing Taiwan’s multination from cultrue side. This research is pointing at those new Inhabitants’ Children who were long-term participate the activities of Xinhua community. We observed them in two different ways, one is to see how they developed their interpersonal relationship and how the community suppourt them to build their own interpeersonal relationship. The other one is, to try to discribe how the community make connection to thos new Inhabitants’ Children, and make the best use of the resource of community. This reasurch discovered, it started at tutoring the homework of new Inhabitants’ Children of Xinhua community, while in process eithor added inner and outer resources into the community, or connect these resources became an uniqe asset mapping of community, and even become a New Immigrant Family Services Center of Miaoli County. However, to establish a formal service center had formed volunteer organization of Xinhua community, and let the residents move up for community development. Make good use of these ways to assist residents in the relationship between each other to establish and maintain the construction of community networks. Finally, the new residents of the community in the community to establish communication and understanding, emotional and caring, trust and respect for the community support network, but also to the new residents in this network construction which has a concept of reciprocity network exists. Keywords: New Immigrants’Children, New Immigrant, Community Supporting Network , social support

Die Nutzung historisch solider Lastannahmen, wie sie zum Beispiel die VDV Richtlinie 152 in der Fassung von 1992 festlegt, ist für die Festigkeitsauslegung neuartiger Straßen- und Stadtbahnfahrzeuge unzureichend, da die Annahmen und Methoden der Komplexität und insbesondere der Nichtlinearität moderner Fahrzeugkonzepte keine Rechnung tragen. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie sich entstandene Lücken in den Lastannahmen durch Simulation und Messung von Fahrzeug und Gleis analysieren, verstehen und schließen lassen. Den Kern bildet dabei der Einsatz detaillierterer Simulationsmodelle von Fahrzeug und Gleis, deren Eingangsdaten mit Hilfe von Messungen gewonnen und deren Ausgangsdaten mit ihnen verifiziert und ergänzt werden müssen. Hierfür werden Methoden und Werkzeuge entwickelt, die ein ein vielseitiges Baukastensystem für die Fahrzeuganalyse, Modellvalidierung und Datenbewertung bilden, und zu sicheren Lastannahmen für die Fahrzeugauslegung führen.