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Benson, Emily. "Rainbow cake mountain." New Scientist 231, no. 3086 (August 2016): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(16)31464-6.
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Suprabowo, Rizky Lutfi, Ratna Winandi, and Siti Jahroh. "Analisis Nilai Tambah Dan Sistem Pemasaran Lidah Buaya di Kabupaten Bogor." Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 2, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jji.v2i3.39.
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Produksi komoditas lidah buaya di Kabupaten Bogor sampai saat ini mengalami penurunan, meskipun pernah dicanangkan menjadi daerah pengembangan komoditas lidah buaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai tambah dalam usaha pengolahan produk lidah buaya, serta menganalisis sistem pemasaran lidah buaya dari petani hingga konsumen akhir. Hasil penelitian ini dijelaskan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Komoditas lidah buaya dari petani di Kabupaten Bogor telah diolah menjadi produk olahan seperti jus, koktail, rainbow cake, kerupuk dan teh kulit lidah buaya. Berdasakan perhitungan nilai tambah dengan metode hayami, produk olahan rainbow cake memiliki nilai tambah paling besar. Terdapat 6 saluran pemasaran lidah buaya di Kabupaten Bogor, yaitu 3 saluran pemasaran grade A dan 3 saluran pemasaran grade B. Petani dalam memasarkan lidah buaya masih melibatkan tengkulak. Saluran pemasaran 1, 2 dan 4 adalah saluran yang mudah diakses oleh petani. Saluran pemasaran 2 (Petani → Suplayer → Supermarket → Konsumen) merupakan saluran yang relatif efisien, karena harga yang diterima petani relatif lebih tinggi, nilai marjin saluran pemasaran yang relatif lebih kecil dan nilai farmer’s share yang relatif lebih tinggi dari saluran yang lainnya.
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Cervantes-Ojeda, J., M. Gómez-Fuentes, D. González-Moreno, and M. Olsen. "Rainbow Connectivity Using a Rank Genetic Algorithm: Moore Cages with Girth Six." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4073905.
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Arainbowt-coloringof at-connected graphGis an edge coloring such that for any two distinct verticesuandvofGthere are at leasttinternally vertex-disjoint rainbow(u,v)-paths. In this work, we apply a Rank Genetic Algorithm to search for rainbowt-colorings of the family of Moore cages with girth six(t;6)-cages. We found that an upper bound in the number of colors needed to produce a rainbow 4-coloring of a(4;6)-cage is 7, improving the one currently known, which is 13. The computation of the minimum number of colors of a rainbow coloring is known to be NP-Hard and the Rank Genetic Algorithm showed good behavior finding rainbowt-colorings with a small number of colors.
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Eskici, Menekşe, and Semih Çayak. "Teachers' Personal Characteristics and Metaphorical Perceptions to Multicultural Education." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 3a (April 1, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i3a.3163.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate teachers' personal characteristics and metaphorical perceptions to multicultural education. In this paper both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. "Multicultural Personality Questionnaire" was applied to the teachers (72 females, 47 males) working at Kırklareli in the 2016-2017 academic year to collect the quantitative data. The qualitative data of this research were collected by a space filled question (multiculturalism is similar to...;because...). The results show that teachers have high scors of “Multicultural Personality Questionaire”. The metaphorical images that teachers produce for the concept of multiculturalism are examined in terms of frequency. The results listed as rainbow, ashure, mosaic, rug, greenery, spice, garden, crayons, treasure, cake, music, forest, salad, table and meal. Also reasons for analogy of the metaphors that teachers use about the concept of multiculturalism arrenged as; the union of differences (n=81), which benefit (n=22), value-added (n=8), the parser (n=3) and unknown (n=2).
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NANG THU, T. T., N. BODIN, S. De SAEGER, Y. LARONDELLE, and X. ROLLIN. "Substitution of fish meal by sesame oil cake (Sesamum indicum L.) in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)." Aquaculture Nutrition 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00732.x.
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Dewi, Santi Riana, Maulida Agustin, and Farhan April Nurcahyo. "Inovasi Dan Peningkatan Nilai Jual Produk Hasil Umkm Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Bolu Kukus Berkarakter." KAIBON ABHINAYA : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/ka.v1i1.1003.
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Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan oleh dosen bersama dengan mahasiswa. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Susukan Kecamatan Tirtayasa. Tujuan dari pengabdian adalah meningkatkan ketrampilan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan membuat produk-produk inovatif hasil UMKM. Adanya inovasi dari produk-produk tersebut diharapkan mampu memberikan nilai jual lebih, sehingga dapat meningkatkan keuntungan yang diperoleh para pelaku usaha. Selama ini produk bolu kukus yang banyak dijual kurang variatif, sehingga diperlukan adanya inovasi agar berkembang. Pembuatan bolu kukus berkarakter yang diberi merek Rainbow Cake, tidak memerlukan penambahan biaya produksi yang besar, tetapi diperlukan kreatifitas kemampuan untuk menggambar di atas bolu. Dengan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan bolu kukus berkarakter diharapkan selain mengasah ketrampilan para pelaku usaha dalam berkreatif dengan seni menggambar di atas bolu, tetapi juga akan meningkatkan penghasilan. Pada pelatihan diberikan juga cara-cara pengemasan dan labeling produk agar lebih bersih dan menarik. Selain itu bolu kukus berkarakter diharapkan mampu memperluas segmen pasar, sehingga dapat dijadikan produk favorit untuk semua kalangan masyarakat. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat selain memberikan tantangan kepada para dosen dan mahasiswa agar lebih kreatif dan inovatif, juga akan meningkatkan kualitas dan keberalangsungan produk yang dihasilkan pada waktu yang akan datang.
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Telecki, Igor, Petar Belicev, Srdjan Petrovic, and Nebojsa Neskovic. "Focusing properties of a square electrostatic rainbow lens doublet." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 30, no. 4 (2015): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1504239t.
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This is a study on the properties of a square electrostatic rainbow lens doublet. The said optical element consists of two square electrostatic rainbow lenses with the second lens axially rotated for 45 degrees with respect to the first one. The propagation of a proton beam with a kinetic energy of 10 keV through the doublet is in the focus of our analysis. The potential of the electrodes of both lenses is 2 kV. The electrostatic potential and the electric field components of the lens doublet are calculated using a 3-D computer code based on the method of moments. Spatial and angular distributions of protons propagating through the lens doublet, as well as the parameters defining beam quality, are investigated. As in the case of the single square electrostatic rainbow lens, the evolution of these distributions is determined by the evolution of corresponding rainbow lines, generated by the use of the theory of crystal rainbows. Our study shows that a beam core in the shape of a cusped square is formed by the spatial rainbow line that appears first. This rainbow line occurs during proton propagation through the first lens. The beam core retains the cusped square shape during the propagation through the second lens. The electrostatic field of the second lens causes the appearance of an additional spatial rainbow line, which encompasses the beam core and defines the outer border of the beam. This rainbow line constitutes the main difference between the cases of the lens doublet and a single lens.
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Jacobsen, C., and T. Børresen. "Formulation of fish diets with reduced phosphorous content." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 10 (May 1, 1995): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0374.
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The reduction of phosphorous waste from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was attempted by feeding diets of reduced P content. The protein source was fishmeal in which the bone fraction had been removed. This was achieved either by solubilizing the fish material (press cake) by enzymatic treatment and subsequent filtering, or by removing the fish bones by a skin/bone separator. Two fish species were used, sand eel (Ammodytes marinus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus). Due to the small size of the fish, only bones were retained in the skin/bone separator. Traditional fishmeal from the same species were used for control experiments. The fishmeal samples were used together with other ingredients in a traditional extruded dry feed formulation (Ecolife 19). The diets were used in full scale experiments in a fresh water fish farm in Denmark, as well as in small scale experiments in aquaria. Direct calculations on the feed conversion ratio and the specific growth rate on both experiments showed that the enzyme treated codes performed less well than the other codes. However, when compensating for the different energy content of the diets, the enzymatic treatment did not give rise to a higher feed conversion ratio, nor did it give rise to a lower average growth rate than the other codes. It was not possible to make any final conclusions with respect to the effect of the enzymatic treated fishmeal on the pollution risk from P. This was due to large variation on the P determinations.
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Garattini, Remo. "Traversable wormholes in distorted gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 09 (July 31, 2015): 1542025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815420250.
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In this paper, we consider the effects of distorted gravity on the traversability of the wormholes. In particular, we consider configurations which are sustained by their own gravitational quantum fluctuations. The Ultraviolet divergences appearing to one loop are taken under control with the help of a Noncommutative geometry representation and gravity's rainbow. In this context, it will be shown that for every framework, the self-sustained equation will produce a Wheeler wormhole, namely a wormhole of Planckian size. This means that, from the point of view of traversability, the wormhole will be traversable in principle, but not in practice. For this purpose, in the context of gravity's rainbow we have considered different proposals of rainbow's functions to see if the smallness of the wormhole is dependent on the chosen form of the rainbow's function. Unfortunately, we discover that this is not the case and we suggest that the self-sustained equation can be improved to see if the wormhole radius can be enlarged or not. Some consequences on topology change are discussed.
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Esentaş, Melike. "Metaphorical Perceptions of the Academicians Working in the Field of Recreation Regarding the Concept of “Recreation”." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 12 (October 9, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12.3541.
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The purpose of this study is to reveal how the academicians working in the field of recreation conceptualize their ideas about “recreation” through metaphors. Phenomenology being among the qualitative research methods was used in this study. The research population is composed of the academicians working in the field of recreation in different universities of Turkey. Qualitative data collection method via metaphors was used. When metaphors are used to "describe", a situation, event and phenomenon are described as they exist (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2013). Data from the study were collected by using a semi-structured metaphor form via survey online. The raw data obtained from the study were examined, incomplete or inexpedient ones were excluded and metaphors were modeled by transferring them to the Nvivo 10 program.As a result of the data obtained, the academicians working in the field of recreation use such concepts as escape, star, giant, happiness, music box, spring air, freedom, traveler, broken chain ring, octopus, life, Aladdin and the magic lamp, sun, a colorful cake with mixed fruit, work potential, a multi-purpose field or saloon, funfair, umbrella, flying carpet, human, Aegean sea, sea, rainbow, water, living, forest, fishing tackle, bridge, time, wind, chameleon, seasons, breath, science, nature and spice while describing the concept of recreation metaphorically. The data obtained after the interviews were then coded under the appropriate themes after being analyzed with the content analysis method. According to the data obtained, it has been found that it has been gathered under 5 (five) themes as "As a Value for Individual and Society", "Serving Needs", "Social Reputation", "Recreate" and "Self- realization". In conclusion, it is observed that the metaphors obtained comply with the recreation theories regarding the metaphorical perceptions of the academicians working in the field of recreation about the “recreation” concept. In order to better understand the concept of recreation, it is recommended to take evaluation results in practical activities.
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Ker, Alex, Tracey Gardiner, Rona Carroll, Sally B. Rose, Sonya J. Morgan, Susan M. Garrett, and Eileen M. McKinlay. "“We Just Want to Be Treated Normally and to Have That Healthcare That Comes along with It”: Rainbow Young People’s Experiences of Primary Care in Aotearoa New Zealand." Youth 2, no. 4 (December 2, 2022): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth2040049.
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There is growing recognition that primary care provision plays a pivotal role in improving health outcomes for LGBTQIA+ (rainbow) youth, but few studies have centered on youth experiences of primary care in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of rainbow youth when engaging with primary care. Two focus groups were held in 2021 with eleven rainbow young people aged 13–23 years recruited with assistance from local rainbow support organizations in Aotearoa NZ. Groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: (i) anticipated and enacted discrimination, (ii) building trust, (iii) confidentiality and (iv) healthcare provider knowledge and competence. Participants spoke of some positive experiences but perceived these to be lucky or surprising, with most also having encountered less supportive interactions and heteronormative views. Visual indicators of rainbow-friendliness in clinic settings were appreciated only if affirmed by inclusive and accepting practice. Frustrations were expressed about gaps in provider knowledge and the sense of having to educate clinicians about rainbow-specific health issues. Primary care providers can facilitate positive consultations with rainbow young people by using clear communication to build trusting relationships, and by being accepting, non-judgmental and transparent about confidentiality.
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Reza Miswari, Dery, Meri Andriani, and Heri Irawan. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RAINBOW BURGER BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT (CASE STUDY: UD. RAINBOW BURGER, GAMPONG JAVA, KOTA LANGSA)." JURUTERA - Jurnal Umum Teknik Terapan 9, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55377/jurutera.v9i01.5886.
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Burger Rainbow is one of the culinary businesses that market burgers with the appearance of bread that innovates colorful with varied and healthy bread fillings. Rainbow burger sales cover the Langsa City area and have a 4x4 m² area with one worker and six hours of work time/per day. Rainbow Burger sold up to 21 pcs/day. The problem with the Rainbow burger business is that the business feasibility has not been carried out while the owner of UD. Burger Rainbow wants to expand its business by adding three outlets. The purpose of the study was to analyze the feasibility of developing the Rainbow burger business regarding technology and financial aspects. The method used is NPV Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Internal Rate Of Return (IRR), Profitability Ratio (PR), and Break Even-Point (BEP). The results and discussion of the technical aspects of technology are all categorized as feasible, and the financial part is obtained by the Present Net Value (NPV), amounting to Rp. 21.435.626 with Payback Period (PP) investment costs that will return the capital in 1 year three days. The Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) value is 60.51%, the Profitability Ratio (PR) is 4.07, and BEP (Break Even-Point) at the time of sale to 248 units. The Rainbow burger business concludes that it is worth developing by adding three outlets.
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Blanchfield, Paul J., Lori S. Tate, and Cheryl L. Podemski. "Survival and behaviour of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) released from an experimental aquaculture operationThis paper is part of the series “Forty Years of Aquatic Research at the Experimental Lakes Area”." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 11 (November 2009): 1976–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-127.
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The potential for farmed fish that have escaped from open-cage aquaculture operations to affect native populations will depend on their survival and behaviour in the wild. We used standard commercial practices to rear 10 tonnes of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in a 23 ha lake at the Experimental Lakes Area (Ontario, Canada). Each fall (2003–2005), we released farmed rainbow trout (escapees) into the study lake and monitored their movements using automated positioning telemetry. Rainbow trout experienced high annual mortality (~50%), with none surviving beyond 3 years. Farmed fish had narrowly defined pelagic distributions that comprised the upper few metres of the water column, even when at the cage site. Although released rainbow trout dispersed throughout the study lake, most spent significant portions of time at the cage site, especially during normal operation when commercial feed was available. Core use areas (50% Kernel) included the farm for half of the released fish. Surviving rainbow trout showed continued reliance upon the cage site in their second year. However, wide dispersal, high growth rate, and lack of reliance on the cage site by some escaped fish warrant further research to assess potential effects of open-cage aquaculture in the water bodies where the industry occurs.
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Harris, Anne. "Rainbow Trust neonatal care." British Journal of Midwifery 27, no. 11 (November 2, 2019): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2019.27.11.680.
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Anthony, William B. "The health care rainbow." Geriatric Nursing 15, no. 6 (November 1994): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(09)90101-x.
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Guo, Meiding. "Research On The Pricing Of Rainbow Option Based On The Geometric Brownian Motion Model: Case Of Pfizer & Walmart." BCP Business & Management 32 (November 22, 2022): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v32i.2964.
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Trading financial derivatives become more and more popular in the modern life. The investor wants to purchase the financial derivative to receive more benefits. However, Option is the important component in the financial derivatives. Compared with Futures, Option can let investor feel more convenance since it acts as the contract. This research analyzes the price of the Rainbow Option in the Stock market. The Stock market includes two companies which are Pfizer and Walmart. The results shows that the Rainbow Option should be priced between max of call options and the sum of the options. It can testify the theory of rainbow Options‘ price successfully. Based on this research, the investor can understand the background and process of the rainbow Options‘ working. Combine with the feature of the rainbow options, the investor can make the proper investment decision in the different situations.
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Ch’ng, Han Siong, Geri Gopir, and Shahidan Radiman. "The spatially flat Friedmann equation for early rainbow universe." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 31 (September 14, 2015): 1550165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501655.
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We derive the spatially flat rainbow-Friedmann equation from de Broglie–Bohm interpretation in canonical quantum cosmology. Our result shows that the spatially flat rainbow-Friedmann equations of early and late-time universe are having different forms. The spatially flat rainbow-Friedmann equation of early universe which is obtained in this paper is quite different from the one which was initially derived by Magueijo and Smolin [Class. Quantum Grav. 21, 1725 (2004)]. However, the spatially flat rainbow-Friedmann equation for late-time universe obtained in this paper is found to be the same as the one derived by Magueijo and Smolin (for the case [Formula: see text] and Newton’s gravitational constant [Formula: see text]. The new spatially flat rainbow-Friedmann equation obtained in this paper could provide an alternative way in understanding the evolution of the early rainbow universe.
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IRIANTO, IKHSAN SATRIA. "VISI DRAMATIK SOEKARNO DALAM DRAMA RAINBOW: POETRI KENTJANA BOELAN." Melayu Arts and Performance Journal 4, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/mapj.v4i2.2210.
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This research aims to uncover the vision behind the writing and performance of the drama Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan. The case in question in this research is how is Soekarno's dramatic vision in the drama Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan? This study uses a theater history study approach with qualitative research methods. The theoretical framework chosen to answer the research questions is the concept of dramatic vision. Some of the conclusions generated from this research are through the drama Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan, Soekarno provides education and raises awareness and establishes communication and designs struggles to realize Indonesian independence.Keywords: Soekarno, Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan, Dramatic VisionAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap visi yang melatarbelakangi penulisan dan pementasan drama Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan. Kasus yang dipertanyakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana visi dramatik Soekarno dalam drama Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian sejarah teater dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Kerangka teoritis yang dipilih untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian adalah konsep visi dramatik. Beberapa kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah melalui drama Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan, Soekarno memberikan edukasi dan menumbuhkan kesadaran serta menjalin komunikasi dan merancang perjuangan untuk mewujudkan kemerdekaan Indonesia Kata Kunci: Soekarno, Rainbow: Poetri Kentjana Boelan, Visi Dramatik
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Ding, Xilong. "Monte-Carlo Stimulation for European Rainbow Call Options BASED on Meta and NEM’s Case Study." BCP Business & Management 32 (November 22, 2022): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v32i.2954.
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Recently, investors have paid great attention to the metaverse sector and the investing instruments for metaverse. Metaverse has become the most popular investment sector since 2021. Due to the rapid development of the industry, coupled with the social instability, it is critical to search for the appropriate investment. Previous literature proposed many advantages of the rainbow options and the expected growth of the metaverse industry. However, there is currently a lack of research on the combination of metaverse assets and the rainbow options. Based on this, this paper chooses the stocks of the metaverse enterprise META and the gold enterprise NEM as the safe-haven asset to construct a two-color European rainbow call options and chooses yahoo Finance's transaction data and excel and python as analysis software. The rainbow options return is given by Monte Carlo simulation method, and complete sensitivity analysis of the four parameters. At the end, the pros cons of rainbow options are compared. Besides three findings are obtained, including that options have cost advantages, could gain return from the market volatility by changing the portfolio, and have sharp peaks and thick tails in the distribution.
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Erveš, Rija, and Janez Žerovnik. "On 3-Rainbow Domination Number of Generalized Petersen Graphs P(6k,k)." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101860.
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We obtain new results on 3-rainbow domination numbers of generalized Petersen graphs P(6k,k). In some cases, for some infinite families, exact values are established; in all other cases, the lower and upper bounds with small gaps are given. We also define singleton rainbow domination, where the sets assigned have a cardinality of, at most, one, and provide analogous results for this special case of rainbow domination.
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Ratia, Katri. "“Connected to the past”." Ciencias Sociales y Religión/Ciências Sociais e Religião 23 (August 31, 2021): e021013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/csr.v23i00.14914.
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Contemporary rituals at archaeological sites display competing interpretations of the past, future, and related religious, identitary and political claims—as found in research on contemporary Paganisms. This paper examines such rituality and tradition-building among the Rainbow Family. The article compares the Rainbow case to research on Paganisms, after describing what kind of ritual expressions related to archaeological sites are found in a Rainbow Gathering and how the expressions relate to each other in the frame of the collective culture. The article provides an example of crafted rituals and folkloric narratives in an ‘event-cultural’ community that recognizes the right for subjective signification. It explains how narratives and practices, while not completely convergent, can still relate to each other in the collective frame without being a threat to social cohesion or cultural coherence. In the Rainbow case, a demand for shared beliefs is replaced with participation in the shared practices, and a broad ideological division accommodating various alternative-holistic religious traditions.
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Rous, Elizabeth, Sandeep Ranote, Rachel Elvins, and Asha Bhatt. "A manualised in-patient programme for young people with anorexia based on NICE guidance." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 4 (April 2009): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.019364.
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Aims and MethodThe Rainbow programme was introduced in January 2004 as a structured in-patient treatment for anorexia. There were two strands to the programme evaluation: a notes review of a cohort of in-patients and a series of questionnaires to users, carers and staff.ResultsThere was an improvement in adherence to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines and 94% of staff responders found the Rainbow programme framework useful.Clinical ImplicationsThe Rainbow programme improved the level of care provided. There is scope for improvement in the distribution of the programme manual.
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Mao, Yaping, and Yongtang Shi. "The complexity of determining the vertex-rainbow index of graphs." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 07, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830915500470.
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The concept of the [Formula: see text]-rainbow index of a network comes from the communication of information between agencies of government, which was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 2010. As a natural counterpart of the [Formula: see text]-rainbow index, the concept of [Formula: see text]-vertex-rainbow index was also introduced. For a graph [Formula: see text] and a set [Formula: see text] of at least two vertices, an [Formula: see text]-Steiner tree or a Steiner tree connecting [Formula: see text] (or simply, an [Formula: see text]-tree) is such a subgraph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] that is a tree with [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], an [Formula: see text]-Steiner tree [Formula: see text] is said to be a vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree if the vertices of [Formula: see text] have distinct colors. For a fixed integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], the vertex-coloring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-vertex-rainbow coloring if for every [Formula: see text]-subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] there exists a vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree. In this case, [Formula: see text] is called vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree-connected. The minimum number of colors that are needed in a [Formula: see text]-vertex-rainbow coloring of [Formula: see text] is called the [Formula: see text]-vertex-rainbow index of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the complexity of determining the [Formula: see text]-vertex-rainbow index of a graph and prove that computing [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-Hard. Moreover, we show that it is [Formula: see text]-Complete to decide whether [Formula: see text]. We also prove that the following problem is [Formula: see text]-Complete: Given a vertex-colored graph [Formula: see text], check whether the given coloring makes [Formula: see text] vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree-connected.
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Laskar, Pia, Anna Johansson, and Diana Mulinari. "Decolonising the Rainbow Flag." Culture Unbound 8, no. 3 (February 28, 2017): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1683193.
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The aim of the article is to explore the location and the meaning given to the rainbow flag in places outside the hegemonic center. Through three case studies in the global North and South, held together by a multi-ethnographic approach, as well as a certain theoretical tension between the rainbow flag as a boundary object and/or a floating signifier, we seek to study where the flag belongs, to whom it belongs, with particular focus on how. The three case studies, which are situated in a city in the Global South (Buenos Aires), in a conflict war zone in the Middle East (the West Bank) and in a racialised neighbourhood in the Global North (Sweden), share despite their diversity a peripheral location to hegemonic forms of knowledge production regimes. Central to our analysis is how the rainbow flag is given a multitude of original and radical different meanings that may challenge the colonial/Eurocentric notions which up to a certain extent are embedded in the rainbow flag.
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Liang, Tairan, Wei Tang, and Wei Xu. "Entropy relations and bounds of BTZ black hole in gravity's rainbow." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 08 (June 2019): 1950109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819501098.
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In this paper, we present the entropy relations and bounds of Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole in two models of gravity's rainbow. Because of the effect of gravity's rainbow, one can find that the entropy product and sum both lost their universality and become mass-dependent. On the other hand, comparing the entropy bound of event horizon to the BTZ case, it is shown that the angular momentum [Formula: see text] enlarges the entropy bound while the gravity's rainbow parameter [Formula: see text] diminishes it. For the entropy bound of Cauchy horizon, the gravity's rainbow parameter [Formula: see text] enlarges it at the large [Formula: see text] limit, while [Formula: see text] diminishes it at the small [Formula: see text] limit. These suggest some clues on the geometrical origin of black hole entropy bounds.
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Nisviasari, R., Dafik, I. H. Agustin, E. Y. Kurniawati, I. N. Maylisa, and B. J. Septory. "Improving the robustness of the affine cipher by using a rainbow antimagic coloring." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2157, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2157/1/012017.
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Abstract Nowadays, cryptosystems can be applied in several areas in life. One of them is in transaction data. In transaction data, a very strong cryptosystem is needed so that the transaction data is safe. Cryptosystems are better with a strong keystream. In this case, we use rainbow antimagic as a cryptosystem key to improve the robustness of the keystream by using affine cipher. The algorithm uses the edge weights of rainbow antimagic vertex labeling of graphs as a key for encryption and decryption. In this paper, we found the rainbow antimagic connection number of tadpole graphs and two algorithms to straighten affine ciphers.
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Kaliniak, Agnieszka. "The effect of the fishing season on the use value and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 15, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5137.
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The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the fishing season on the value in use and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture. The study was conducted on five species: rainbow trout, common carp, grass carp, pike and tench. Fish were obtained from farms located in the Lublin Voivodeship in two seasons (spring/summer and autumn/winter). Morphometric measurements of the fish were performed, the percentage shares of body parts were assessed, and the physicochemical properties of the muscle tissue were measured: pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, and CIE L*a*b* colour characteristics. The fishing season significantly affected the body weight of carp, rainbow trout and pike, the greatest body height of carp and rainbow trout, and the total length and head length of pike. Pike, grass carp and tench had significantly lower Fulton’s condition factors in the autumn/winter season than in the spring/summer season. The season significantly influenced the share of viscera in rainbow trout and grass carp, and that of fins in carp and rainbow trout. A significant impact of the season was also noted in the case of pH in rainbow trout and tench, electrical conductivity in trout, pike and tench, and the M/T ratio in grass carp and tench. Chromatic parameters differed significantly between seasons in pike (a*) and in carp and rainbow trout (b*).
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Einer-Jensen, Katja, Abdallah Harmache, Stéphane Biacchesi, Michel Bremont, Anders Stegmann, and Niels Lorenzen. "High virulence differences among phylogenetically distinct isolates of the fish rhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus are not explained by variability of the surface glycoprotein G or the non-virion protein Nv." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.057448-0.
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Viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is an important viral pathogen in European rainbow trout farming. Isolates from wild marine fish and freshwater trout farms show highly different virulence profiles: isolates from marine fish species cause little or no mortality in rainbow trout following experimental waterborne challenge, whilst challenge with rainbow trout isolates results in high levels of mortality. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that the highly virulent trout-derived isolates from freshwater farms have evolved from VHSV isolates from marine fish host species over the past 60 years. Recent isolates from rainbow trout reared in marine zones show intermediate virulence. The present study aimed to identify molecular virulence markers that could be used to classify VHSV isolates according to their ability to cause disease in rainbow trout. By a reverse genetics approach using a VHSV-related novirhabdovirus [infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)], four chimaeric IHNV–VHSV recombinant viruses were generated. These chimaeric viruses included substitution of the IHNV glyco- (G) or non-structural (Nv) protein with their counterparts from either a trout-derived or a marine VHSV strain. Comparative challenge experiments in rainbow trout fingerlings revealed similar levels of survival induced by the recombinant (r)IHNV–VHSV chimaeric viruses regardless of whether the G or Nv genes originated from VHSV isolated from a marine fish species or from rainbow trout. Interestingly, recombinant IHNV gained higher virulence following substitution of the G gene with those of the VHSV strains, whilst the opposite was the case following substitution of the Nv genes.
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Własow, Teresa, Piotr Gomułka, and Teresa Pojmańska. "Interesting case of pathological changes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) probably caused by Myxosporea." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 27, no. 2 (December 31, 1997): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1997.27.2.11.
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Blust, Robert. "Pointing, Rainbows, and the Archaeology of Mind." Anthropos 116, no. 1 (2021): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2021-1-145.
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For over a century anthropologists and folklorists have sporadically recorded a belief that one should not point at a rainbow, lest the offending finger become permanently bent, rot, be supernaturally severed, fall off, etc. In each case the belief was reported for a particular geographical region without apparent awareness of its presence elsewhere, and in no case was an explanation for this curious idea proposed. This paper documents what is called the “Rainbow Taboo” as a global phenomenon, found among peoples of quite varied cultural backgrounds, and it argues that the universality of the belief is a product of the interaction of two independent cognitive elements: an apparently innate sense that the rainbow is associated with the “other world,” and, secondly, a similar sense that pointing with the index finger is aggressive, and should not be used either in normal human interactions or more particularly against the supernatural.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Challenges and perspectives of “rainbow families” in Serbia." Temida 23, no. 1 (2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem2001057m.
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This paper analyzes two types of ?rainbow families?, those in which same- sex people raise children, as well as those in which children (most often) or other members belong to the LGBT + category. The duality of the approach of this paper is based on the fact that ambient homophobia affects not only one LGBT + person and not only one type of rainbow families but is a source of a whole range of challenges typical for all such families. The activist orientation that functions both regionally and in Serbia uses the term ?rainbow family? to refer to the family situation of broadly understood target families where any member belongs to the LGBT + group. The subject of this paper is the specifics of the challenges and perspectives of both types of ?rainbow families? whose social situation is most often characterized by victimization by violence, discrimination, rejection, stigmatization, marginalization and coping with a range of daily denials and violations of human rights. Special attention is paid to the situation of LGBT + children as the weakest and potentially the most exposed to the challenges. The paper aims to identify strategies and successful empowerment experiences and ways of (self) protecting ?rainbow families? in addition to addressing existing challenges. As a methodology, the paper contains the most recent violence case studies, data and expertise, as well as relevant domestic, regional and international analysis and activities related to the functioning of rainbow families.
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Lindholm-Lehto, Petra, Juha Koskela, Janne Kaseva, and Jouni Vielma. "Accumulation of Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in European Whitefish Coregonus Lavaretus and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss in RAS." Fishes 5, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes5020013.
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Geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB)-induced off-flavors can cause serious problems in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), such as delayed harvest and increased production costs, but also damage producers’ reputation. Traditionally, off-flavors have been removed by depuration before harvesting. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) are commercially valuable species produced for consumers, both being suitable for rearing in RAS. In this study, European whitefish and rainbow trout were raised from juvenile up to 240 g (European whitefish) and 660 g (rainbow trout) to monitor the long-term accumulation of off-flavors. The concentrations in fillet of rainbow trout reached 3.6 ng·g−1 (MIB) and 5.6 ng∙g−11 (GSM) with lipid content of 22.5%, while for European whitefish up to 3.2 ng·g−1 (MIB) and 3.9 ng·g−1 (GSM) were found with 14.8% in lipid content. Concentrations up to 58 ng·L−1 (MIB) and 49 ng·L−1 (GSM) were found in the circulating water. Based on the results, the accumulation of MIB proceeds at similar pace for both species. In the case of GSM, the accumulation started similarly for both species but proceeded more quickly for rainbow trout after 140 days of the experiment, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
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D’Adderio, Leo Pio, Silvia Puca, Gianfranco Vulpiani, Marco Petracca, Paolo Sanò, and Stefano Dietrich. "RAINBOW: An Operational Oriented Combined IR-Algorithm." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152444.
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In this paper, precipitation estimates derived from the Italian ground radar network (IT GR) are used in conjunction with Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) measurements to develop an operational oriented algorithm (RAdar INfrared Blending algorithm for Operational Weather monitoring (RAINBOW)) able to provide precipitation pattern and intensity. The algorithm evaluates surface precipitation over five geographical boxes (in which the study area is divided). It is composed of two main modules that exploit a second-degree polynomial relationship between the SEVIRI brightness temperature at 10.8 µm TB10.8 and the precipitation rate estimates from IT GR. These relationships are applied to each acquisition of SEVIRI in order to provide a surface precipitation map. The results, based on a number of case studies, show good performance of RAINBOW when it is compared with ground reference (precipitation rate map from interpolated rain gauge measurements), with high Probability of Detection (POD) and low False Alarm Ratio (FAR) values, especially for light to moderate precipitation range. At the same time, the mean error (ME) values are about 0 mmh−1, while root mean square error (RMSE) is about 2 mmh−1, highlighting a limited variability of the RAINBOW estimations. The precipitation retrievals from RAINBOW have been also compared with the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H SAF) official microwave (MW)/infrared (IR) combined product (P-IN-SEVIRI). RAINBOW shows better performances than P-IN-SEVIRI, in terms of both detection and estimates of precipitation fields when they are compared to the ground reference. RAINBOW has been designed as an operational product, to provide complementary information to that of the national radar network where the IT GR coverage is absent, or the quality (expressed in terms of Quality Index (QI)) of the RAINBOW estimates is low. The aim of RAINBOW is to complement the radar and rain gauge network supporting the operational precipitation monitoring.
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Dirican, Seher. "Rainbow Trout Farming in İmranlı Dam Lake (Turkey): Knowledge, Constraints and Opportunities." International Journal of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research 6, no. 4 (2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.6.4.1.
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The Covid-19 pandemic process has clearly demonstrated how important it is to ensure self-sufficiency and sustainability, especially in the production of agricultural and animal products. One of the inland water ecosystems that are important in terms of aquaculture production is dam lakes. In recent years, rainbow trout farming in dam lakes has been widely practiced in Turkey. One of the dam lakes where rainbow trout is grown in cages is İmranlı Dam Lake. The dam lake was built on the Kızılırmak River in Sivas province between 1994-2002. It is very valuable for the country's economy to use the waters of the İmranlı Dam Lake in the cultivation of rainbow trout in cages together with agricultural irrigation. The waters of the İmranlı Dam Lake give an important power to both agriculture and rainbow trout farming. In the İmranlı Dam Lake, 950 tons of rainbow trout and Turkish salmon are grown annually in net cages. The surface of the İmranlı Dam Lake, which has a water capacity of 62.5 million cubic meters and an area of 6.5 square kilometers, located within the borders of İmranlı district, where the air temperature drops to about 25-30 degrees below zero, is completely frozen in the winter season with the effect of cold weather every year. In the İmranlı Dam Lake, which is used to irrigate approximately 11.220 hectares of agricultural land in the summer months and where cage fishing is also carried out, the fish cages are under the ice mass. Rainbow trout can be fed by breaking the ice on the cages. Rainbow trout, which are grown in difficult conditions in the İmranlı Dam Lake, are highly preferred due to both the air and the coldness of the water. The rainbow trout farm, which was established in the İmranlı Dam Lake in 2010, has reached an extremely important position in terms of modern production infrastructure, quality and meeting the animal protein needs of people.
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Cantwell, Christopher D., Stuart Hinds, and Kathryn B. Carpenter. "Over the Rainbow." Public Historian 41, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.2.245.
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In 2016 Kansas City installed a marker that celebrated its role as host to the first meeting of the National Planning Conference of Homophile Organizations in 1966. The marker was the first to commemorate this historic gathering of gay rights activists as well as the first to recognize Missouri’s LGBTQ history. This article charts the effort to install Kansas City’s marker as a case study of the issues involved in documenting LGBTQ history. What began as a community collecting initiative quickly evolved into an effort that included students, city officials, and a federal heritage area. The authors—a founder of the community collection initiative, a public history educator, and a public history student—demonstrate how those involved attempted to navigate questions of ownership and shared authority. Ultimately, the authors ask public historians to see themselves as potential allies to, rather than authorities of, the communities with which they work.
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Zaitseva, Yuliya Vladimirovna, Dmitriy Dokolin, and Il'ya Zlobin. "Intestinal microbiocenos of rainbow trout in the conditions of a cage farm." Agrarian Bulletin of the 227, no. 12 (January 10, 2023): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-227-12-42-53.
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Abstract. The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry using modern intensive farming methods has led to a number of problems related to water quality and the spread of infectious diseases in fish. The intestinal physiological microbiota of fish and the surrounding aquatic environment forming an ecosystem, the balance of which is a key factor in maintaining the health of aquaculture. However, optimizing the microbiota is still a challenging task due to a lack of studies about the dominant microorganisms in aquacultures and the influence of environmental factors on it. The aim of this work was to study the structure and taxonomic composition of the cultivatable bacterial gut community of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss under the conditions of the “Yaroslavskaya Trout” cage farm. Methods. To identify the isolated strains and characterize the composition of common bacterial communities were used phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, as well as amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Scientific novelty. Data on the taxonomic diversity of the cultivated rainbow trout gut microbiome have been obtained. A comparative analysis of fish intestinal microbiocenoses and the surrounding aquatic environment was carried out. Results and practical significance. Gammaproteobacteria was the most abundant bacteria in the structure of the studied microbial communities. Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Aeromonas were found in the microbiome of both the rainbow trout intestines and the surrounding aquatic environment, which are opportunistic pathogens and can lead to an outbreak of bacterial infections under stressful conditions. However, studies have shown that the surrounding aquatic microbiome does not always reflect the microbiome of aquatic organisms. A comparative analysis of the freshwater microbiomes and the gut microbiome of rainbow trout revealed the ability of the host organism to concentrate beneficial probiotic microorganisms even under conditions of pathogenic presure. The resulting collection of microorganisms can be further used for screening potential probiotic cultures.
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Robie, David. "Frontline: The Rainbow Warrior, secrecy and state terrorism: A Pacific journalism case study." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.19.
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France detonated 193 of a total of 210 nuclear tests in the South Pacific, at Moruroa and Fangataufa atolls, before halting them in 1996 in the face of Pacific-wide protests. On 10 July 1985, French secret agents bombed the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior in Auckland Harbour, killing photographer Fernando Pereira, in a futile bid to stop a protest flotilla going to Moruroa. The author was on board the Rainbow Warrior for more than 10 weeks of her last voyage. He was awarded the 1985 New Zealand Media Peace Prize for reportage and investigations into the ‘Rainbow Warrior and Rongelap Evacuation’. The following year, the author’s book Eyes of Fire told the inside story of state terrorism in the Pacific. He has subsequently reflected on a 20-year legal struggle by Television New Zealand and other media campaigners to prevent the French spies gagging reportage of their guilty plea from a public video record and the lingering secrecy about the health legacy of nuclear tests in the Pacific. In the context of the Frontlineproject for journalism as research, his work inspired a microsite—a community-driven collaborative project in 2015 coordinated by the publishers, Little Island Press, interrogating participants over a three-decade period and ‘challenging the nature of mainstream media in New Zealand’ with an alternative reader’s media model.
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Huang, Shuzhen, and Terrie Siang-Ting Wong. "'More coming out, bigger market': Queer visibility and queer subjectivity in the Chinese pink market." Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/qsmpc_00013_1.
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Abstract The transnational circulation of Euro-American queer discourse affects queer subjectivity in local contexts. Through a case study of the Rainbow Love wedding competition, this article unravels the interplay between transnational queer politics, queer affect and the economy of visibility in the emerging pink market to explore how they shape the queer landscape in mainland China. Rainbow Love demonstrates how recent queer visibility in Chinese media manifests as a narrative commodity that is embedded in consumerism and in colonialist sexual discourse. By exploiting post-Cold War anxiety in mainland China, Rainbow Love invites affective identification and produces an 'ideal' queer subjectivity in the Chinese pink market: cosmopolitan, mobile and middle-class queers who desire and can afford luxury consumption. We argue that such queer visibility in the Chinese pink market has become a regulatory force on Chinese queer subjects despite the liberatory narratives that are advocated in the mass media.
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KN, Kusuma, and Chethan Sagar S. "Rainbows of Ovarian Lesions in Department of Pathology in a Tertiary Care Hospital." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 8, no. 5 (2019): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.8519.13.
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Vasilyev, Alexey, Olga Rudneva, and M. Rudnev. "EFFICIENCY OF RAINBOW TROUT CULTIVATION IN THE RECIRCULATING WATER SUPPLY FACILITY WITH THE USE OF STATE SUPPORT (WITH THE SARATOV REGION AS A CASE STUDY)." Fisheries 2020, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-3-117-120.
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The article deals with the dynamics of commercial fish production in Russia,
the Volga Federal district and the Saratov region. Dynamics of retail sale
of fish is given. Two variants of the project of rainbow trout cultivation in
recirculating water supply facilities aimed at 50 tons of fish a year with and
without use of the state grants are offered. The main competitive advantages
of rainbow trout cultivation are presented. The indicators of economic
efficiency of the project are given.
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Boesen, Henriette T., Karl Pedersen, Jens L. Larsen, Claus Koch, and Anthony E. Ellis. "Vibrio anguillarum Resistance to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Serum: Role of O-Antigen Structure of Lipopolysaccharide." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.1.294-301.1999.
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ABSTRACT The sensitivity of Vibrio anguillarum to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum was investigated with different strains of serogroups O1 and O2a, which are the most frequently found serogroups in clinical outbreaks of vibriosis. All of the V. anguillarum strains were able to activate complement in rainbow trout serum, but smooth strains of V. anguillarum serogroup O1 were resistant to complement-mediated killing in the absence of specific antibodies. In the case of V. anguillarum serogroup O2a strains, 80% of the analyzed strains were resistant to rainbow trout serum even when specific antibodies were present. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide structures of the tested V. anguillarum strains showed a positive correlation between the O-antigen size of the lipopolysaccharide and resistance to serum killing. The classical complement pathway was responsible for the antibody-dependent serum killing of susceptible V. anguillarum strains. When serum-resistant V. anguillarum serogroup O2a strains were grown in glucose-enriched Lennox L broth, they produced lipopolysaccharide molecules with fewer high-molecular-weight O-antigen units than did strains grown in broth without the addition of glucose. Strains grown in glucose-enriched medium became sensitive to rainbow trout serum killing, indicating that the high-molecular-weight O-antigen side chains prevented the activated complement from damaging the bacterium.
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Rosenfeld, Jordan, Jeff Richards, Dave Allen, Travis Van Leeuwen, and Gauthier Monnet. "Adaptive trade-offs in fish energetics and physiology: insights from adaptive differentiation among juvenile salmonids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 7 (July 2020): 1243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0350.
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Juveniles of different salmonid species often co-exist along environmental gradients, making them a useful model for identifying dominant trade-off axes and their stability within a biological hierarchy (e.g., from individuals to populations to species). In this perspective, we use multivariate trade-offs among juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a case study to explore broader-scale patterns of trait association. Multivariate ordination identified a dominant trade-off axis between high growth, consumption, and growth efficiency versus high aerobic scope and active metabolism among individual juvenile rainbow trout and three ecologically divergent rainbow trout populations. This pattern suggests a dominant trade-off between growth and active metabolism among individuals and populations, facilitated by simple developmental controls on increased energy intake (larger digestive tract, potentially more risky foraging behavior). In contrast, the adaptive trade-off differentiating species appears to have shifted to maximizing growth and consumption (rainbow trout) versus maximizing growth efficiency (coho), based on evolved differences in foraging strategy and digestive physiology. The generality of these patterns remains uncertain, but trade-offs related to growth efficiency may be an underappreciated dimension of adaptive differentiation in fishes, and their relationship to digestive strategy and active metabolism warrants further investigation.
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Mawusi Obubuafo, Joyce Mamle, Grace Denny Doku, Mawutor K. Glover, and Margaret Aba Sam Hagan. "Observing the Impact of Confinement on the Rearing of Land Crabs." Journal of Food Industry 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jfi.v4i1.17286.
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The study observed the impact of confinement on the rearing of land crabs in an attempt to produce crabs that can be consumed without having to worry about their unwholesomeness, traceability and also the possibility of producing crabs all year round.Two species of the land crabs were observed for five months: 35 Rainbow land crabs, obtained from Ada, a suburb of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana and 20 Blue land crabs obtained from Sokode, a suburb of the Volta Region of Ghana. the study investigated the 55 land crabs by observing their coexistence, feeding and reproduction in confinement. Dealers in land crabs and other resource persons who had some experience with land crabs where interviewed. At the beginning of the study, the average weight of a male rainbow land crab was 3.3 pounds and that of a female was 3.0 pounds. However, at the end of the study the average weight recorded for the male Rainbow land crab was 5.7poundsand that of the female was 5.4pounds. The number of rainbow land crabs that died during the cause of the study was 7 and 12 escaped resulting in 16 of them remaining by the end of the study. Six of the crabs lost their appendages, one female moulted, 4 female crabs produced eggs and spawned. The only female Blue land crab that survived produced eggs in confinement but later died after three weeks from the commencement of the study. Results of the study showed that the Rainbow land crabs are hardier as compared to the Blue land crabs and thus, the best specie that can be reared in confinement. The Rainbow land crabs can be reared in confinement for a minimum period of five months if the confined area is darkened and hideout accessories provided. The crabs can be fed on a range of diets, from fish, vegetables to leftovers from the kitchen. However, the crabs seem to prefer sugar cane, palm fronds and fruits. The female Rainbow land crabs are capable of spawning in confinement when provided with the right conditions and environment.
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NENCIU, Magda, Victor NITA, Carmen NICOLAE, and Bilal AKBULUT. "BOOSTING BIOMASS GAIN AND MEAT QUALITY OF RAINBOW TROUT Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) - AN APPROACH FOR FOSTERING ROMANIAN AQUACULTURE." AgroLife Scientific Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2022117.
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Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) is one of the most widely cultured fish species, with a high market value. Although in the Black Sea there is a well-established tradition of cage farming in Turkish waters, in Romania rainbow trout farming has been limited to inland mountain areas. Whereas there is an increasing interest of Romanian economic operators to engage in sea cage farming, this research aimed at testing the adaptation of rainbow trout to the Romanian Black Sea marine environment, determining its growth rate, establishing the optimal size for transfer to saltwater, and increasing meat quality. The research was performed for 7 months, during the cold season, and comprised two batches of O. mykiss individuals transferred to marine water from a mountain trout farm (with initial mean biomasses of approximately 300 g and 180 g, respectively). Upon completion of the experiment, growth parameters showed values much higher compared to freshwater culture, and the biomass gain was remarkable in both batches (reaching final biomasses of approximately 1,700 g and 1,600 g, respectively), the results indicating smaller fish as best fitted for transfer to marine water. The carotenoid-enriched feed provided to the fish resulted in a highly nutritious meat, with the much-appreciated pink colorization
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Gil-Delgado, Maria Angeles, Olivier Lucidarme, Jean Baptiste Bachet, Naima Mahi, and David Khayat. "Long-Term Survival in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Ramucirumab." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 12, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490906.
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We report a case of long-term survival with complete response of liver metastases within RAINBOW, a randomized, controlled trial of ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously (days 1, 15) versus placebo, both plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 intravenously (days 1, 8, 15), every 4 weeks in patients with previously treated advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. A 64-year-old man with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and liver metastases received first-line folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) following jejunostomy. On liver progression, he enrolled in RAINBOW (April 2012), receiving ramucirumab. In November 2013, positron emission tomography scan was consistent with complete metabolic response, confirmed by a follow-up scan in March 2016.
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Radosavljević, Vladimir, Oliver Radanović, Nemanja Zdravković, Božidar Savić, Marko Stanković, Jelena Maksimović Zorić, Ljubiša Veljović, and Ksenija Nešić. "FIRST OUTBREAK OF LACTOCOCCOSIS CAUSED BY LACTOCOCCUS GARVIEAE IN SERBIA." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 13, no. 1 (August 10, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v13i1.78.
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The outbreak of lactococcosis affecting rainbow trout, weighing 70 - 120 g, occurred at a trout aquaculture facility in Central-West Serbia during July, 2018. This outbreak lasted for three weeks, and cumulative mortality attributed to the disease was around 40%. The diseased fish showed erratic swimming, dark discoloration and exophthalmia, with the cumulative mortality of around 40%. A pure Gram-positive cocci isolates were obtained from the eye and kidney samples. Based on colony morphology, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, the isolated bacterium was presumably identified as Lactococcus garvieae. Using the BBL CRYSTAL GP ID system, the isolate was identified as L. garvieae and the identity of the isolate was confirmed with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Blast analysis of 16S rRNA sequence of our isolate had a 99.4 to 99.6% similarity to the L. garvieae strains previously isolated from diseased fish. The antibacterial activity of 15 antimicrobials against L. garvieae was evaluated using disc diffusion. In this paper, we report the first case of lactococcosis in rainbow trout in Serbia, isolation and characterization of causative agent, Lactococcus garvieae from diseased rainbow trout.
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Moyano, F. J., G. Cardenete, and M. de la Higuera. "Use of two vegetable by-products as protein sources in rainbow trout feeding." Animal Science 55, no. 2 (October 1992): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037569.
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AbstractTwo experiments were designed to test the possibility of partially replacing fish-meal protein in rainbow trout either with maize-gluten meal (MGM) (experiment 1) or potato protein concentrate (PPC) (experiment 2). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 30 g initial average weight were given diets containing different levels of MGM or PPC proteins ranging from 0 to 0·4 or to 0·6 of dietary protein, respectively. Substitutions of fish meal either by MGM or PPC were carried out establishing two different total dietary protein levels; 350 and 450 g/kg. Results showed that the MGM diets were acceptable and gave a significant enhancement (over 0·37 in the better case) in nutrient utilization when compared with those including only fish meal. On the contrary, diets including PPC were poorly accepted, and the growth offish and nutrient utilization were negatively correlated with dietary levels of PPC. It is concluded that levels of MGM representing around 400 g/kg diet can be used in foods for rainbow trout, whereas PPC appears not to be a suitable protein source for those fish.
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Михайленко, Владимир Герасимович, Ольга Павловна Стерлигова, Vladimir Michailenko, and Olga Sterligova. "SOME ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RAINBOW TROUT CAGE REARING." Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/eco1509.
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Glover, Danny, and Bill Fletcher. "The Case for a Neo–Rainbow Electoral Strategy." Souls 7, no. 2 (April 2005): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999940390936250.
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Webster, P. C. "Medical training and care under the rainbow umbrella." Canadian Medical Association Journal 184, no. 12 (July 23, 2012): E633—E634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4252.
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