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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The rigidity of bridges'

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Published: 3 May 2022

Last updated: 5 May 2022

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1

Sanroman, Cervero Claudia. "The influence of torsional resistance of the deck on the dynamic response of a high-speed railway bridge : Case study: Ulla River Viaduct." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210558.

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Understanding how different parameters affect the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges is crucial to selecting an efficient structural form. Despite existing numerous publications within this field, only few address the importance of torsional deformations. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the influence of the torsional resistance of the deck on the dynamic response of an existing bridge. Ulla River Viaduct is presented as a case study, allowing to analyse some aspects of its design and what their alteration entails. To this end, 6 different 3D FE models are compared, 5 of which show a modification from the original configuration. In addition, several positions of the train are considered to contrast the effects when the torsional modes are excited. The performed dynamic calculations are based on the implicit direct integration procedure. The analysis of the case study demonstrates the benefit of closing the torsional circuit of the deck. The results also evidence the need of including torsional effects in its dynamic assessment when low values of torsional rigidity are considered. All this is not easy when simplified 2D or 3D beam models are used. As a final remark, the original design of the Ulla River Viaduct is found highly efficient from a dynamical point of view.

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2

Kalkan, Ilker. "Lateral torsional buckling of rectangular reinforced concrete beams." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31788.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Zureick Abdul-Hamid; Committee Member: Ellingwood, Bruce R.; Committee Member: Kahn, Lawrence F.; Committee Member: Kardomateas, George A.; Committee Member: Will, Kenneth M. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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3

Guler, Hakan. "Rigidity of frameworks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/36220.

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A d-dimensional (bar-and-joint) framework is a pair (G; p) where G = (V;E) is a graph and p : V > Rd is a function which is called the realisation of the framework (G; p). A motion of a framework (G; p) is a continuous function P : [0; 1] x V > Rd which preserves the edge lengths for all t 2 [0; 1]. A motion is rigid if it also preserves the distances between non-adjacent pairs of vertices of G. A framework is rigid if all of its motions are rigid motions. An in nitesimal motion of a d-dimensional framework (G; p) is a function q : V > Rd such that [p(u) - p(v)] ~ [q(u) - q(v)] = 0 for all uv 2 E. An in nitesimal motion of the framework (G; p) is rigid if we have [p(u) - p(v)] . [q(u) - q(v)] = 0 also for non-adjacent pairs of vertices. A framework (G; p) is in nitesimally rigid if all of its in nitesimal motions are rigid in nitesimal motions. A d-dimensional framework (G; p) is generic if the coordinates of the positions of vertices assigned by p are algebraically independent. For generic frameworks rigidity and in nitesimal rigidity are equivalent. We construct a matrix of size |E| xd|V| for a given d-dimensional framework (G; p) as follows. The rows are indexed by the edges of G and the set of d consecutive columns corresponds to a vertex of G. The entries of a row indexed by uv 2 E contain the d coordinates of p(u) - p(v) and p(v) - p(u) in the d consecutive columns corresponding to u and v, respectively, and the remaining entries are all zeros. This matrix is the rigidity matrix of the framework (G; p) and denoted by R(G; p). Translations and rotations of a given framework (G; p) give rise to a subspace of dimension d+1 2 of the null space of R(G; p) when p(v) affinely spans Rd. Therefore we have rankR(G; p) djV j�� d+1 2 if p(v) affinely spans Rd, and the framework is in infinitesimally rigid if equality holds. We construct a matroid corresponding to the framework (G; p) from the rigidity matrix R(G; p) in which F E is independent if and only if the rows of R(G; p) indexed by F are linearly independent. This matroid is called the rigidity matroid of the framework (G; p). It is clear that any two generic realisations of G give rise to the same rigidity matroid. In this thesis we will investigate rigidity properties of some families of frameworks. We rst investigate rigidity of linearly constrained frameworks i.e., 3- dimensional bar-and-joint frameworks for which each vertex has an assigned plane to move on. Next we characterise rigidity of 2-dimensional bar-and-joint frameworks (G; p) for which three distinct vertices u; v;w 2 V (G) are mapped to the same point, that is p(u) = p(v) = p(w), and this is the only algebraic dependency of p. Then we characterise rigidity of a family of non-generic body-bar frameworks in 3-dimensions. Finally, we give an upper bound on the rank function of a d-dimensional bar-and-joint framework for 1 < d < 11.

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4

Sait, Avais Kasim. "Rigidity of infinite frameworks." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662190.

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This dissertation describes the rigidity theory of bar joint frameworks, especially infinite ones. The first chapter revises some of the well established results for finite frameworks. We then look at how this can be extended to the infinite case, specifically from the analysis point of view. In particular, we look at vanishing flexibility that is observed in some specific examples. Then we look at a proof of the sufficient condition for the existence of a flex in an infinite framework as described in Owen and Power [6]. In the fourth chapter we establish that the rigidity operator arising from the infinite matrix is bounded. 'Ve then observe its structure for specific examples. As decribed in [8], we describe the representation of the rigidity operator as a matrix valued function on the torus. Finally we look at the decomposition of the space of infinitesimal flexes for crystal frameworks in terms of a product basis.

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5

Stewart, Ian 1975. "The rigidity method and applications /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30748.

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The Inverse Problem of Galois Theory is discussed. In a specific form, the problem asks whether every finite group occurs as a Galois group over Q . An intrinsically group theoretic property called rigidity is described which confirms that many simple groups are Galois groups over Q . Connections between rigidity and geometry are described and applications of rigidity are provided. In particular, after describing some of the theory of groups of Lie type, the rigidity criterion is applied to the exceptional Lie type groups G2(p), for primes p > 5. With the confirmation of a rationality condition, this establishes that G2(p) occurs as a Galois group over Q for all p > 5. Furthermore, the conjugacy classes which arise in the proof of rigidity for G2( p) are explored in detail, in the hope that a new proof might be produced which would illuminate the geometry associated to this rigid situation.

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6

Stewart, Ian. "The rigidity method and applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64460.pdf.

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7

Rosu, Ioanid 1970. "Equivariant elliptic cohomology and rigidity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85309.

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8

Havens, Paul C. Havens. "The Rigidity of the Sphere." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1461595829.

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9

Stewart, Colin 1976. "Universal deformations, rigidity, and Ihara's cocycle." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31545.

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In [Iha86b), Ihara constructs a universal cocycle GalQ/Q →Zp t0,t1 ,tinfinity /&parl0;t0+1 t1 +1tinfinity +1-1&parr0; arising from the action of Gal Q/Q on certain quotients of the Jacobians of the Fermat curves xpn+ypn=1 for each n ≥ 1. This thesis gives a different construction of part of Ihara's cocycle by considering the universal deformation of certain two-dimensional representations of IIQ, , where IIQ is the algebraic fundamental group of P1Q \0,1,infinity . More precisely, we determine, with and without certain deformation conditions, the universal deformation ring arising from a residual representation r:II Q→GL2 Fp Belyi˘'s Rigidity Theorem is used to extend each determinant one universal deformation to a representation of IIK, where K is a finite cyclotomic extension of Qmpinfinity . For a particular r , we give a geometric construction of one such extended universal deformation r , and show that part of Ihara's cocycle can be recovered by specializing r at infinity.

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10

Ho, Wing-lam. "Flexural rigidity of nickel-titanium instruments." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954297.

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11

Watson, Adam R. "Combinatorial rigidity : Graphs of bounded degree." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511344.

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12

Ho, Wing-lam, and 何潁琳. "Flexural rigidity of nickel-titanium instruments." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954297.

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13

Gammon, Kevin B. Kuperberg Krystyna. "Factorwise rigidity involving hereditarily indecomposable spaces." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1485.

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14

Schmidt, Robert Christian. "Competition in markets with demand rigidity." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15796.

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Diese Dissertation setzt sich aus fünf Forschungspapieren zusammen. Jedes Kapitel enthält ein Papier. Das erste Kapitel untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Größe des Kundenstamms einer Firma und ihrem Gewinn in einem Markt mit Wechselkosten. Entgegen unserer Intuition wird gezeigt, dass Firmen nicht immer von einer Vergrößerung ihres Kundenstamms profitieren, weil diese die Intensität des Wettbewerbs beeinflusst. Kapitel 2 führt eine ähnliche Untersuchung durch, aber für einen Markt, in dem die Konsumenten unvollständig über die Standorte der Anbieter informiert sind. Es zeigt sich auch hier, dass eine Firma nicht immer von einem großen Kundenstamm profitiert. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen unterscheiden sich jedoch deutlich von denen in Kapitel 1. Kapitel 3 ist eine Erweiterung des Modells mit unvollständiger Konsumenteninformation hin zu einer vollständig dynamischen Version. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen nun die dynamischen Eigenschaften des Modells. Unter den Annahmen über die graduelle Verbreitung von Information auf der Konsumentenseite entsteht Trägheit in den Marktanteilen der Firmen. Dynamik entsteht im Modell ausschließlich aufgrund der Verwendung von gemischten Preisstrategien. Kapitel 4 analysiert Wettbewerb in einem vertikal differenzierten Markt. Hier gibt es keine Trägheit auf der Nachfrageseite. Das Hauptergebnis der Analyse ist, dass Wohlfahrtsverluste, die im Duopol aus ineffizienter Qualitätswahl resultieren, in Märkten mit drei oder mehr Wettbewerbern fast vollständig verschwinden. Dieses überraschende Ergebnis resultiert aus einem Regimewechsel in der Art des Wettbewerbs, der beim Übergang vom Duopol zum Markt mit drei Wettbewerbern auftritt. Kapitel 5 ist eine Erweiterung von Kapitel 4. Während in Kapitel 4 ein quadratischer Zusammenhang zwischen Kosten bzw. Zahlungsbereitschaft und Qualität angenommen wurde, wird die Analyse nun für eine allgemeinere nicht-lineare Abhängigkeit durchgeführt. Es werden grundlegende Einsichten über das Funktionieren von vertikal differenzierten Märkten vermittelt. So zeigt sich, dass der allgemein postulierte Vorteil der Firma mit der höheren Produktqualität nicht allgemeingültig ist. Ob dieser besteht, hängt von der Art der strategischen Interaktion ab.
This dissertation consists of five independent research papers. Each chapter represents one paper. The first chapter analyzes the shape of the relation between the size of a firm’s customer base and profit in a market with consumer switching costs. Contrary to common wisdom, it is shown that a firm is not automatically better off with a larger customer base, as the size of its customer base affects the intensity of price competition. Chapter 2 performs a similar exercise, but for a market where consumers are not fully informed about the locations of the different suppliers. Once more, it is shown that firms do not always benefit from an increase in the size of their customer base. However, the underlying mechanisms are rather different than in the model with switching costs. Chapter 3 is an extension of the model introduced in chapter 2 to a fully dynamic game. The focus of chapter 3 is on the dynamics in a market with incomplete consumer information. Under the assumptions about the gradual diffusion of information among consumers, there is inertia in the market shares. Dynamics are generated solely by the firms’ usage of mixed pricing strategies. Chapter 4 analyzes competition in a vertically differentiated market. There is no inertia on the demand side. The main result of the analysis is, that welfare losses that stem from an inefficient choice of qualities in the duopoly case, disappear almost completely as soon as three or more competitors are in the market. This surprising result is related to a regime change in the nature of competition that occurs at the transition from duopoly to triopoly. Chapter 5 is an extension of chapter 4. Whereas the model introduced in chapter 4 was based on a quadratic relation between costs or willingness-to-pay and quality, the analysis is now extended to a more general non-linear dependency. The analysis provides fundamental insights into the functioning of vertically differentiated markets. Interestingly, the well-known high-quality advantage is not a robust feature of these markets. Whether it is obtained, depends on the nature of strategic interaction between the firms.

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15

Schoefer, Benjamin. "The Financial Channel of Wage Rigidity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467250.

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Why do firms cut hiring so sharply in recessions? This dissertation explores two answers. Chapters 1 and 2 propose a financial channel of wage rigidity, whereby wage rigidity among incumbent workers forces firms to reduce hiring by squeezing their internal funds. Chapter 3 examines how the procyclicality of quits, through the replacement vacancies they entail, amplifies the cyclical fluctuations of total job openings.
Economics

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16

Mao, Guofeng. "Thermal bridges." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnader och installationer, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2609.

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17

Weiss, Hartmut. "Local rigidity of 3-dimensional cone manifolds." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966020030.

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18

Chan, Yat-ming, and 陳一鳴. "Applications of harmonic mappings to rigidity problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225731.

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19

Khmelev, Dmitri Viktorovich. "Rigidity theory for circle homeomorphisms with singularities." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/457.

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20

Chenaghlou, Mohammad Reza. "Semi-rigidity of connections in space structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/800044/.

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21

Fletcher, A. "Local rigidity of infinite dimensional TeichmuÌˆller spaces." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479233.

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22

Chan, Yat-ming. "Applications of harmonic mappings to rigidity problems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25059312.

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23

Fraser, Elsje S. "Computational modelling of concrete footing rotational rigidity." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1967.

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24

Nguyen, Viet Hang. "Constructive approaches to the rigidity of frameworks." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM052/document.

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La théorie de la rigidité étudie l'unicité des réalisations des graphes, i.e., des charpentes. Initialement motivée par l'ingénierie des structures, la théorie de la rigidité trouve aujourd'hui des applications dans plusieurs domaines importants comme la prédiction de la flexibilité des protéines, la conception assistée par ordinateur, la localisation dans les réseaux des capteurs, etc. Cette thèse traite une grande variété de problèmes concernant différents types de rigidité, qui correspondent à différents niveaux d'unicité (locale/infinitésimale, globale et universelle) dans des modèles variés de charpentes. D'abord, nous développons des résultats sur la construction récursive et la décomposition des graphes avec des conditions mixtes de sparsité ainsi que des résultats sur le packing des arborescences avec des contraintes de matroïde. Ces résultats sont alors utilisés pour obtenir des caractérisations de la rigidité infinitésimale des charpentes avec des contraintes mixtes. Nous étudions aussi l'effet des opérations d'extension sur des charpentes et étendons un résultat connu sur la préservation de la rigidité globale d'$1$-extension dans les charpentes à direction et à longueur de la dimension deux aux dimensions supérieures. Pour la rigidité universelle, un sujet que l'on connait très peu, nous obtenons une caractérisation complète pour la classe des charpentes biparties complètes sur la ligne. Nous généralisons aussi une condition suffisante pour la rigidité universelle des charpentes en permettant des positions non générales
The theory of rigidity studies the uniqueness of realizations of graphs, i.e., frameworks. Originally motivated by structural engineering, rigidity theory nowadays finds applications in many important problems such as predicting protein flexibility, Computer-Aided Design, sensor network localization, etc. The present thesis treats a wide range of problems concerning different kinds of rigidity, corresponding to different scopes of uniqueness (local/infinitesimal, global and universal), in various types of frameworks. First, we develop results in inductive construction and decomposition of graphs with mixed sparsity conditions as well as results on the packing of arborescences with matroidal constraints. These results are then used to obtain characterizations of infinitesimal rigidity in frameworks with mixed constraints. We also investigate the effect of extension operations on frameworks and extend a known result on the global rigidity preservation of $1$-extension on direction-length frameworks in dimension two to all dimensions. For universal rigidity, where little is known, we obtain a complete characterization for the class of complete bipartite frameworks on the line. We also generalize a sufficient condition for the universal rigidity of frameworks by allowing non-general positions

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25

Sandfeldt, Sven. "Local Rigidity of Some Lie Group Actions." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272842.

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In this paper we study local rigidity of actions of simply connected Lie groups. In particular, we apply the Nash-Moser inverse function theorem to give sufficient conditions for the action of a simply connected Lie group to be locally rigid. Let $G$ be a Lie group, $H < G$ a simply connected subgroup and $\Gamma < G$ a cocompact lattice. We apply the result for general actions of simply connected groups to obtain sufficient conditions for the action of $H$ on $\Gamma\backslash G$ by right translations to be locally rigid. We also discuss some possible applications of this sufficient condition
I den här texten så studerar vi lokal rigiditet av gruppverkan av enkelt sammanhängande Liegrupper. Mer specifikt, vi applicerar Nash-Mosers inversa funktionssats för att ge tillräckliga villkor för att en gruppverkan av en enkelt sammanhängande grupp ska vara lokalt rigid. Låt $G$ vara en Lie grupp, $H < G$ en enkelt sammanhängande delgrupp och $\Gamma < G$ ett kokompakt gitter. Vi applicerar resultatet för generella gruppverkan av enkelt sammanhängande grupper för att få tillräckliga villkor för att verkan av $H$ på $\Gamma\backslash G$ med translationer ska vara lokalt rigid. Vi diskuterar också några möjliga tillämpningar av det tillräckliga villkoret.

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26

Medwid, Mark Edward. "Rigidity of Quasiconformal Maps on Carnot Groups." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1497620176117104.

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27

Alves, Deborah B. "Experiments on Universal Rigidity of Bipartite Graphs." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398546.

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Our goal is to characterize necessary and sufficient conditions for the universal rigidity of bipartite frameworks. Previous work describe ways to test universal rigidity through semidefinite program- ming using stress matrix as a tool. Also, it had been shown a relationship between rigidity of a bipartite framework and quadric separability of the two sets of vertices. In particular, previous work showed that given a complete bipartite framework, separability by a quadric implied non- rigidity of the framework. Based on this, a reasonable conjecture was that the reciprocal could also be true. Our goal was to develop experiments using semidefinite programming to validate this conjecture for complete bipartite framework, and observe the behavior of rigidity for incomplete bipartite frameworks.

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28

Tanigawa, Shinichi. "Combinatorial Rigidity and Generation of Discrete Structures." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120806.

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29

Abbott, Jennifer Lynn. "Fields and bridges." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3586.

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Thesis (M.F.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Dept of English. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Williams, Melissa. "A plan for the long-term performance of bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 229 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Sawyer, Alvin Douglas Ramey George E. "Determination of hurricane surge wave forces on bridge superstructures and design/retrofit options to mitigate or sustain these forces." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Sawyer_Alvin_17.pdf.

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Bechtel, Andrew J. "Destructive testing and ultimate capacity of skewed simple-span bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 251 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654493651&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2008.
Principal faculty advisors: Michael J. Chajes and Jennifer Righman McConnell, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

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Franco, Jason M. "Design and field testing of jointless bridges." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=713.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 209 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-198).

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34

Zhong, Min. "Dynamic analysis of cables with variable flexural rigidity." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6990.

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35

Rüland, Angkana [Verfasser]. "On Some Rigidity Properties in PDEs / Angkana Rüland." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051028051/34.

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36

Dannenbaum, Elizabeth. "The effect of activation tasks on parkinsonian rigidity /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61961.

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37

Pinto, Alberto Adrego. "Convergence of renormalisation and rigidity of dynamical systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65255/.

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Motivated by problems in the theory of renormalisation of dynamical systems, we study the properties of Markov families and fractals defined by embedded trees. Our main results concern the classification of Ck+a structures. Two topologically equivalent Markov families are Ck+a conjugate if they converge together rapidly enough. This result implies that the attractors of two systems at the accumulation point of periodic doubling are C2.11 conjugate. We also introduce and study the limit set of an exponential determined Markov family.

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Elsby, Michael William Leamington. "Downward nominal wage rigidity, money illusion, and irreversibility." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1849/.

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This thesis seeks to make three related contributions to our understanding of the causes and implications of downward nominal wage rigidity, the nature of money illusion on behalf of workers, and the theoretical treatment of irreversibility in factor demand and wage setting. Chapter 1 seeks to contribute to the literature on downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) along two dimensions. First, I formulate and solve an explicit model of wage- setting in the presence of worker resistance to nominal wage cuts - something that has previously been considered intractable. In particular, I show that this resistance renders wage increases (partially) irreversible. Second, using this model, one can explain why previous estimates of the macroeconomic effects of DNWR have been so weak despite remarkably robust microeconomic evidence. In particular, one can show that previous studies have neglected the possibility that DNWR can lead to a compression of wage increases as well as decreases. Thus, the literature may have been overstating the costs of DNWR to firms. Using micro-data for the US and Great Britain, I find robust evidence in support of the predictions of the model. In the light of this evidence, Chapter 1 concludes that increased wage pressure due to DNWR may not be as large as previously envisaged, but that the behavioural implications of DNWR in respect of the reaction of workers to nominal wage cuts remain significant. Chapter 2 then contrasts the implications of two proposed models of downward nominal wage rigidity - those based on the form of market contracts (MacLeod and Malcomson [1993]; Holden [1994]), and that based on money illusion explored in Chapter 1. In particular, I identify a method of distinguishing between these two foundations empirically, by observing how the distribution of wage changes varies with the rate of inflation. I find evidence that at least part of the observed rigidity cannot be easily explained by contract models, but can be explained in the context of a model with money illusion. Finally, Chapter 3 extends some of the theoretical developments of Chapter 1 with respect to models of irreversibility. In particular, Chapter 3 presents analytical results for models of dynamic factor demand in the presence of irreversibility in discrete time. It builds on previous work on irreversibility in the investment (Dixit and Pindyck [1994]) and labour demand (Bentolila and Bertola [1990]) literatures which use a continuous time. Brownian framework. I show that, whilst there are parallels between the discrete time models and their continuous time counterparts, the analytics in discrete time allow a more general treatment, principally by allowing the relaxation of the assumption of shocks following a unit root. I then explore the effects of relaxing this assumption on optimal factor demand.

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39

Patchkoria, Irakli [Verfasser]. "Rigidity in equivariant stable homotopy theory / Irakli Patchkoria." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044971703/34.

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40

Onodera, Mitsuko. "Study of rigidity problems for C2[pi]-manifolds." Sendai : Tohoku Univ, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/52860726X.pdf.

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41

Chang, Joann May. "Effects of matrix rigidity on endothelial cell fate." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3349509.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-91).

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42

Clinch, Katharine. "Global rigidity and symmetry of direction-length frameworks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/36663.

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A two-dimensional direction-length framework (G; p) consists of a multigraph G = (V ;D;L) whose edge set is formed of "direction" edges D and "length" edges L, and a realisation p of this graph in the plane. The edges of the framework represent geometric constraints: length edges x the distance between their endvertices, whereas direction edges specify the gradient of the line through both endvertices. In this thesis, we consider two problems for direction-length frameworks. Firstly, given a framework (G; p), is it possible to nd a di erent realisation of G which satis es the same direction and length constraints but cannot be obtained by translating (G; p) in the plane, and/or rotating (G; p) by 180 ? If no other such realisation exists, we say (G; p) is globally rigid. Our main result on this topic is a characterisation of the direction-length graphs G which are globally rigid for all "generic" realisations p (where p is generic if it is algebraically independent over Q). Secondly, we consider direction-length frameworks (G; p) which are symmetric in the plane, and ask whether we can move the framework whilst preserving both the edge constraints and the symmetry of the framework. If the only possible motions of the framework are translations, we say the framework is symmetry-forced rigid. Our main result here is for frameworks with single mirror symmetry: we characterise symmetry-forced in nitesimal rigidity for such frameworks which are as generic as possible. We also obtain partial results for frameworks with rotational or dihedral symmetry.

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Williams, Luke D. "Geometric rigidity and an application to statistical mechanics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/105569/.

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In this thesis we generalise the rigidity estimates of Friesecke et al. [2002] and Müller et al. [2014] to vector fields whose properties are constrained by both conditions on the support of their curl and the underlying discrete symmetries of the lattice Z2. These analytical estimates and other considerations are applied to a statistical model of a crystal containing defects based on work by Aumann [2015]. It is demonstrated in this thesis that we allow a finite density of defects. The main result is that regardless of crystal size, the ordering of the crystal, expressed via the L2-distance of a random vector field from the rotations, can be made arbitrarily small for sufficiently low temperature β-1.

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44

Zhang, Lizhao 1973. "Rigidity and invariance properties of certain geometric frameworks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8337.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).
Given a degenerate (n + 1)-simplex in a n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, which is embedded in a (n + 1)-dimensional Euclidean space Rn+l. We allow all its vertices to have continuous motion in the space, either in Rn+l or restricted in Rn. For a given k, based on certain rules, we separate all its k-faces into 2 groups. During the motion, we give the following restriction: the volume of the k-faces in the 1st group can not increase (these faces are called "k-cables"); the volume of the k-faces in the 2nd group can not decrease ("k-struts"). We will prove that, under more conditions, all the volumes of the k-faces will be preserved for any sufficiently small motion. We also partially generalize the above result to spherical space Sn and hyperbolic space Hn.
by Lizhao Zhang.
Ph.D.

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45

Danziger, Jason Aaron 1970. "Clarity without rigidity : urban performance landscape in Berlin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65463.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-157).
"What is necessary, is an incomplete design; a design that has clarity without rigidity; one that could be called 'open' as against 'shut'. This is the essence of theatrical thinking: a true theater designer will think of their designs as being all the time in motion, in action ... " -- Peter Brook, The Empty Space. (1980). "What interests me is the opportunity for all of us to become something different from what we are, by constructing spaces that contribute something to the experience of who we are ... " -- Richard Serra, Torqued Ellipses. (1997). This project is an urban landscape: a proposal to strengthen the stance of the famous Theater am Schiffbauerdamm towards the city of Berlin and provide a connection to the Spree River. Historic forces (such as the wholesale destruction of the fabric of Berlin during the bombing raids at the close ofWWII), as well as a current reading of the city, shape and inform the design; while the theater itself provides great inspiration and guidance. The proposal transforms the core of the block containing Bertolt Brecht's Berliner Ensemble into a network (rhizome) of stages, aiming to provide focus at large for the theater community of Berlin as well as a public garden to be used by local residents when no performances are occurring. Conceptually, Brecht's subversive attitude towards political power structures as well as his concept of Verfremdungs (alienation) provide a bridge into the (phenomenological) design; Oscar Schlemmer focuses on the relationship between actor and audience and the importance of the stage as a place of ritual for our culture. Richard Serra informs the design in terms of mass, ~n, and intensity. Adolphe Appia provides a form language for performance which can easily flow into the garden ...
Jason Aaron Danziger.
M.Arch.

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46

Bonner, Laura Lynn. "Sexual dimorphism in symphyseal rigidity: a longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2443.

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Objective: The purpose of this study to assess the relationship between masticatory function and symphyseal biomechanical properties using a longitudinal sample. Known differences in male and female maximum bite forces manifest during adolescence. If symphyseal bending rigidity is affected by function during ontongeny, we would expect variation in male and female growth allometries of certain biomechanical properties of the symphysis. Methods and Materials: Subjects were chosen from the Iowa Growth Study records for completeness and quality of radiographic images longitudinally. 19 females and 20 males were chosen. Lateral ceph images from 9 timepoints (age 3-20) were used to trace the external cortical outline of the symphysis. The biomechanical parameters (second moments of area (Ix, Iy, Imax, Imin)) were calculated from the external contours of the symphysis. Mandibular length was used as a proxy for overall mandibular size. All variables were scaled and growth allometries calculated by a reduced major axis regression. Clarke's T-test was used to test for significance. ANCOVA was used assess the interaction between symphyseal properties and sex, mandibular length, and sex+mandibular length. Results: No significant differences in symphyseal growth allometries of males and females were found (p>.05). No significant interactions between symphyseal properties and sex, and sex+mandibular length. (p>.05). A significant interaction between symphyseal properties and mandibular length was found (p<.05). Conclusions: Despite greater bite forces in males that manifest during adolescence, there were no differences in symphyseal growth allometries between males and females. Perhaps function does not play a significant role in development of symphyseal form. Perhaps the subtle effects of function on symphyseal morphology cannot be assessed by using only external cortical outlines for evaluation of symphyseal biomechanical parameters.

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47

Duke, Helene. "A Study of the Rigidity of Regular Polytopes." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366271197.

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48

Hernández, Hernández Jesús. "Combinatorial rigidity of complexes of curves and multicurves." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4707.

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On suppose que S=Sg,n est un surface connexe orientable de type topologique fini, de genre g≥3 et n≥0 épointements. Dans les chapitres 1 et 2 on décrit l'ensemble principal d'une surface et prouve que en utilisant expansions rigides itérés, on peut créer suites croissantes d'ensembles finis qui sa réunion est le complexe des courbes de la surface C(S). Dans le 3ème chapitre on introduit l'ensemble rigide X(S) de Aramayona et Leininger et l'utilise pour montrer que la suite des chapitres précédents est eventuellement une suite d'ensembles rigides. On utilise cela pour prouver que si Si=Sgi,ni pour i=1,2 sont surfaces telles que k(S1)≥k(S2) et g1≥3, toute application qui préserve les arêtes de C(S1) dans C(S2) est induite par un homéomorphisme. Ceci est utilisé pour montrer un résultat similaire pour les homomorphismes de sous-groupes de Mod*(S1) dans Mod*(S2). Dans le 4ème chapitre on utilise les résultats précédents pour prouver que l'unique façon d'obtenir une application qui préserve les arêtes et qui est alternante du graphe de Hatcher-Thurston de S1, HT(S1), dans soi de S2, HT(S2) est en utilisant un homéomorphisme de S1 et puis piquer la surface n fois pour obtenir S2. Ceci implique que toute application qui préserve les arêtes et qui est alternante de HT(S) dans soi même et aussi tous les automorphismes de HT(S), sont induits par homéomorphismes. Dans le 5ème chapitre on montre que toute application super-injective du graphe des courbes qui ne sépare pas et courbes extérieures de S1, NO(S1), dans soi de S2, NO(S2), est induite par un homéomorphisme. Finalement, dans les conclusions on discute la signifiance des résultats et les façons possibles d'étendre leur
Suppose S = Sg,n is an orientable connected surface of finite topological type, with genus g ≥ 3 and n ≥ 0 punctures. In the first two chapters we describe the principal set of a surface, and prove that through iterated rigid expansions we can create an increasing sequence of finite sets whose union in the curve complex of the surface C(S). In the third chapter we introduced Aramayona and Leininger's finite rigid set X(S) and use it to prove that the increasing sequence of the previous two chapters becomes an increasing sequence of finite rigid sets after, at most, the fifth iterated rigid expansion. We use this to prove that given S1 = Sg1,n1 and S2 = Sg2,n2 surfaces such that k(S1) ≥ k(S2) and g1 ≥ 3, any edge-preserving map from C(S1) to C(S2) is induced by a homeomorphism from S1 to S2. This is later used to prove a similar statement using homomorphisms from certain subgroups of Mod*(S1) to Mod*(S2). In the fourth chapter we use the previous results to prove that the only way to obtain an edge-preserving and alternating map from the Hatcher-Thurston graph of S1 = Sg,0, HT(S1), to the Hatcher-Thurston graph of S2 = Sg,n, HT(S2), is using a homeomorphism of S1 and then make n punctures to the surface to obtain S2. As a consequence, any edge-preserving and alternating self-map of HT(S) as well as any automorphism is induced by a homeomorphism. In the fifth chapter we prove that any superinjective map from the nonseparating and outer curve graph of S1, NO(S1), to that of S2, NO(S2), is induced by a homeomorphism assuming the same conditions as in the previous chapters. Finally, in the conclusions we discuss the meaning of these results and possible ways to expand them

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49

Inou, Hiroyuki. "Renormalization and rigidity of polynomials of higher degree." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150398.

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50

Alexander, Adam Ross Washer Glenn A. "Guideline for implementing quality control and quality assurance for bridge inspection." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6560.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 13, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Glenn Washer. Includes bibliographical references.

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