Academic literature on the topic 'The Role of Research in the Practice of Public Relations Activities'
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Journal articles on the topic "The Role of Research in the Practice of Public Relations Activities"
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Mohd Thas Thaker, Mohamed Asmy Bin, Hassanudin Bin Mohd Thas Thaker, and Anwar Bin Allah Pitchay. "Public relation activities in Islamic banking industry." Journal of Islamic Marketing 9, no. 2 (2018): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-06-2016-0047.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of religion in influencing the public relations activity of Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia by adopting circuit of culture (COC) model as theoretical framework. Design/methodology/approach A narrative analysis is used in this study. This analysis has basically involved the application of symbolic interactionist tenets to respective websites and relevant documents of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Findings The paper has identified six Islamic value orientations elements, especially respect for religious authority, affinity with the past, fatalism, communal kinship, attachment to the eternal life and spirituality and idealism relative to public relations practice among the Islamic banks in Malaysia. The study finds that the respective banks are embedded with Islamic values in their communication tools that reflect public relations activity. Research limitations/implications The theme of value orientations that have been generated and used in this study are constantly in flux. There are some other orientations that might be affecting the cultural value of public relations activities of Islamic banking in Malaysia. Furthermore, these value orientations are less effective in identifying dominating cultural factors that can be amended with situational flexibility, as the current study focuses on Malaysian context. Future research is required by incorporating a quantitative means of testing and measuring the effectiveness of website by using cultural-economic model for building. Practical implications The study suggests that public relations researchers should not ignore the vital relationship between religion and public relations activity. The findings of this paper provide Islamic banking institutions to improve and enhance their public relations activity. Originality/value This paper offers an additional literature related to public relations activity by using cultural-economic model. While previous studies have focused on product, brand matters and organization behavior to define cultural and public relation, very little research has been focused on the role of religion in determining public relations activity and cultural pattern. Indeed, no study has been focused explicitly on public relations activity of Islamic banks in Malaysia using COC.
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Freudenberg, Nicholas. "Public Health Advocacy to Change Corporate Practices: Implications for Health Education Practice and Research." Health Education & Behavior 32, no. 3 (2005): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198105275044.
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Corporate practices, such as advertising, public relations, lobbying, litigation, and sponsoring scientific research, have a significant impact on the health of the people in the United States. Recently, health professionals and advocates have created a new scope of practice that aims to modify corporate practices that harm health. This article describes how corporate policies influence health and reviews recent health campaigns aimed at changing corporate behavior in six industries selected for their central role in the U.S. economy and their influence on major causes of mortality and morbidity. These are the alcohol, automobile, food, gun, pharmaceutical, and tobacco industries. The article defines corporate disease promotion and illustrates the range of public health activities that have emerged to counter such corporate behaviors. It analyzes the role of health professionals, government, and advocacy groups in these campaigns and assesses the implications of this domain for health education practice and research.
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Panda, Geetanjali, Ashwani Kumar Upadhyay, and Komal Khandelwal. "Artificial Intelligence: A Strategic Disruption in Public Relations." Journal of Creative Communications 14, no. 3 (2019): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258619866585.
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This article discusses the concept, benefits, application, impact and role of artificial intelligence (AI) in public relations (PR) industry. It examines the application of AI-based systems and their role as strategic disruption in the PR industry. This article is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews of 31 PR professionals and is grounded in the insights from the review of relevant research papers, articles, and case studies. It highlights the developments in research and practice related to AI application in the PR industry. AI-powered systems can scan social media and are smart, intelligent and experts in handling queries. These AI-enabled systems can post responses on social media in real time for the client and manage the crisis. With AI, PR professionals can save time spent on mundane activities like creating media lists, scheduling meetings and sending follow-up emails. Mass personalization and customization using AI are improving the effectiveness of PR activities. It is too early to say whether AI will act as strategic disruption in the PR industry. Based on the insights and discussion in this article, the PR professionals and researchers can make decisions on whether to invest in AI tools and solutions.
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Aljaid, Mohammed. "The Role of Public Relations in Raising Awareness of the Activities of the Gulf Accreditation Center." International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts 3, no. 11 (2024): 256–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2024.v3n11p9.
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This research deals with “The Role of Public Relations in Raising Awareness of the Activities of the Gulf Accreditation Center”, and aims to explore how the objectives, activities, and practices of public relations affect the level of awareness of the center’s activities, in addition to identifying the obstacles facing these activities and their impact on the effectiveness of awareness. The data were collected using a questionnaire directed to those dealing with the center and analyzed to test a set of hypotheses related to the relationship between these variables. The results showed a statistically significant direct relationship between the objectives of public relations and the level of awareness of its activities, as it was found that the correlation coefficient between them was 0.43, indicating a moderate direct relationship. The results also showed that there is a direct relationship between the activities and practices of public relations and the level of awareness of its activities, with a correlation coefficient of 0.41. As for the obstacles facing public relations, the results showed an inverse relationship with awareness of the center’s activities, as the correlation coefficient was -0.54, indicating that the obstacles negatively affect the effectiveness of awareness. Through regression analysis, it was found that variables related to the objectives, activities, and obstacles of public relations contribute 52% to improving awareness of the center's activities. The differences between males and females, and between clients who differ in years of experience and job title were also tested, as the results showed statistically significant differences between clients' evaluations based on years of experience and job title, indicating the impact of these factors on the evaluation of obstacles. The research recommended increasing awareness in the center about the importance of public relations through workshops and training courses, and allocating greater resources to familiarize employees with the objectives of public relations and their impact on performance. It also recommended intensifying community activities to improve communication with the public, and improving training programs for public relations employees to enhance their skills and increase the effectiveness of awareness activities.
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Adamus-Matuszyńska, Anna, and Renata Maćkowska. "CHANGES IN PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 21, specjalny (2020): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8055.
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The year 2020 is filledby new economic, social and environmental phenomena related to COVID-19 and its consequences. The global coronavirus pandemic affects every industry and all aspects of people’s lives. Therefore, one of the many questions researchers raise, are changes in the methods of communication between organizations and stakeholders resulting from this global epidemic. The first purpose of the presented research is to get knowledge about public relations activities practiced during the crises of the 21st century, with particular emphasis on the coronavirus pandemic. The second goal is to test the suitability of James Grunig’s models during the pandemic crisis. The authors accept the thesis that the global crises that characterize the first years of the 21st century and the role of social media make it necessary to use models of PR practice different than those experienced in the 20th century. Hence, the research attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. How has the public relations model been changed in Polish companies during the pandemic? 2. Has crisis management dominated the activities of PR specialists? 3. How does new media hinder or, on the contrary – facilitate the implementation of PR tasks during a pandemic? The Delphi research was used as the research method. The Delphi method aims to aggregate the opinions of a diverse group of experts. It allows to carry out researches without the need to meet respondents directly, which is essential during a pandemic. Experts were selected from the members of the Polish Public Relations Association. The overall conclusion of the analysis emphases that the pandemic has been changing PR practice models as it has forced the online communication that is especially exposed to fake news and hate speech content.
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Güler, Özgenur Reyhan. "A Research on Public Relations Practices of Gender-Oriented Non Govermental Organizations in Turkey." Sinop Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9, no. 1 (2025): 529–54. https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1624546.
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Public relations and civil society organizations are critical in driving societal change and effectiveness. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are non-profit entities that raise awareness, promote social change, influence policies, and provide services. They heavily rely on public relations to manage relationships with target audiences, influence public opinion, gather support, and build a positive image. Public relations help NGOs communi-cate their activities to the broader public while understanding societal needs. This study examines public relations as both a management function and a tool for cultural and politi-cal practices. It provides a theoretical framework for understanding the public relations strategies of NGOs operating in social and political spheres, with a focus on organizations working on gender equality—an area critical for ensuring social justice. The primary rese-arch question investigates how gender-focused NGOs utilize public relations strategies and their impact on advancing gender equality. This inquiry is essential to understanding the role of NGOs in shaping public opinion and fostering societal change. The study analyzes 21 NGOs in Turkey working on gender equality. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis to systematically assess how public relations methods contribute to gender equality. The findings were cate-gorized under specific themes, offering insights into the strategic use of public relations by these organizations. The results highlight that public relations significantly enhance the effectiveness of NGOs, supporting their efforts to raise awareness about gender equality and influencing public opinion. This demonstrates the potential of public relations to amplify the impact of NGOs and drive social change. These findings underscore the role of public relations as a vital tool for NGOs in their mission to achieve gender equality and broader social justice.
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UDOWO, AKANIMO ODUNGIDE, MBUK AKPAN MBOHO, and DANIEL CALLIXTUS AKARIKA. "THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PUBLIC RELATIONS PRACTICE IN AKWA IBOM STATE UNIVERSITY." Social Sciences and Management International Journal 5, no. 1 (2024): 105–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13342227.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> This study examines the influence of social media on public relations practice at Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU), Nigeria. The research aimed to determine the extent of social media use, identify preferred platforms, and uncover barriers to effective utilisation. We conducted a survey among PR practitioners at AKSU using a quantitative approach. Findings reveal that Facebook is the dominant platform, with 48% of respondents using it for PR activities. The majority of practitioners perceive social media as having a significant influence on their work, enhancing relationshipbuilding and information dissemination. However, infrastructural challenges, primarily, insufficient electricity and poor network connectivity, hinder optimal social media use. The study concludes that while social media plays a crucial role in AKSU's PR practice, addressing infrastructure barriers is essential for maximising its potential. Recommendations include investing in alternative power sources, developing a comprehensive social media strategy, and providing regular training for PR practitioners on emerging trends and best practices.
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Wahid, Abd Hamid, and Istianatul Hasanah. "PENGUATAN ETIKA KEHUMASAN MELALUI REORIENTASI HUMAS PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM." AL-TANZIM : JURNAL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 3, no. 2 (2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v3i2.670.
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This paper presents the strengthening of public relations ethics through the reorientation of public relations in Islamic educational institutions, where public relations has an important role in managerial activities in Islamic educational institutions. In its implementation, the role of public relations in Islamic educational institutions is still underestimated and lacks the right portion in its application. PR is only understood as a complementary administration in practice, thus causing educational institutions unable to manage good relations with the surrounding community as partners. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of library research, where researchers want to clearly describe the object of study to be studied. Analysis of the data uses content analysis. The results of the study indicate that the reorientation of public relations in Islamic educational institutions must be based on; First, qaulan sadidan, Islamic educational institutions must convey factual and reliable information; Second, qaulan baligha, Islamic educational institutions communicate effectively, communicatively and easily understood; Third, qaulan ma’rufa, the communication process should avoid words that can offend partners / customers; Fourth, qoulan karima, public relations activities must respect partners, listen to aspirations and promote ethics; Fifth, Qaulan Layyina, public relations must be a friendship and friendship dissertation; Sixth, qaulan maysura, Islamic educational institutions must convey information that is easily understood and digested by the communicant.
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Ali, Zulfiqar, and Arshad Ali. "ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CHANGING THE LANDSCAPE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PRACTITIONERS OF DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PUNJAB." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (2023): 840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1197.
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This study aimed to investigate the impact of social media on the public relations practices of DGPR Punjab. It sought to assess the extent to which social media is used by PR practitioners in DGPR, how it has transformed their working environment, and its influence on traditional PR tools. The study employed a quantitative approach and utilized surveys as the primary method of data collection. The sample consisted of 300 public relations practitioners from DGPR Punjab. The Two-Way Symmetrical Model served as the theoretical framework for the research questions. Data analysis involved the application of Kruskal-Walli’s test and correlation analysis. The results indicated that DGPR's PR practitioners make use of social media in their public relations activities, with social media overshadowing traditional media. Additionally, social media has brought about changes in how PR practitioners engage with their audience and stakeholders. Finally, social media is found to be more effective than traditional media in facilitating communication between DGPR's PR practitioners and the public/stakeholders. Keywords: Social media, DGPR, public relations, traditional media, PR practitioners.
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Anani-Bossman, A. Anani-Bossman, and V. Osei Bonsu Osei Bonsu. "Relevance of public relations in building the corporate reputation of an organization: An exploratory study of two manufacturing organizations in Ghana." Pentvars Business Journal 10, no. 1 (2016): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62868/pbj.v10i1.118.
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In a globalised world that is also very competitive, businesses are faced with the enormous challenge of surviving and staying strong. One of such big challenges is building and managing the reputation of the organisation. Corporate reputation has been identified over the years as one of the most important intangible assets of any organisation. The success of any organisation is strongly linked to how it is perceived by its stakeholders. Scholars across various disciplines, including marketing, sociology, communication and management have devoted much attention to this phenomenon. In order to build and manage a strong reputation, an organisation must be able to communicate effectively with the stakeholders. Effective communication allows an organisation to convince and persuade its stakeholders to remain loyal in the face of keen competition. Studies have shown that public relations should be at the forefront of such communication activities. Public relations facilitates the efforts of the organisation to build and manage a positive reputation in the eyes of its stakeholders. This paper tries to understand the relevance of public relations in building the corporate reputation of an organisation. The paucity of literature in a developing country like Ghana makes this research even more essential. The qualitative research approach was used in gathering data. Face to face interviews were held with two communication managers of two multinational companies to provide input for the research. Result demonstrated that public relations plays a critical role in building the reputation of an organisation. The day to day communication activities of an organisation's PR department coupled with other activities such as social responsibility, feedback and constant engagement with the publics contributes largely to positive evaluation of the organisation. This outcome has significant implications for the practice of public relations.
Books on the topic "The Role of Research in the Practice of Public Relations Activities"
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Englishby, Liz. The role of public relations practice in communicating and evaluating the activities of irish organistions in relation to corporate social responsibility. The Author], 2004.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: Information on IRS' international tax compliance activities : fact sheet for the Chairman, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1994.
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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Termination of activities at two sites proceeding in an orderly manner : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. The Office, 1989.
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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Termination of activities at two sites proceeding in an orderly manner : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. The Office, 1989.
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Sang-in, Chŏn, ред. Hanʼguk hyŏndaesa: Chinsil kwa haesŏk. Nanam Chʻulpʻan, 2005.
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Avhadeev, V., L. Bitkova, C. Bogolyubov, et al. Implementation of the Law on Responsible Treatment of Animals: from the quality of norms to effective law enforcement. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1410760.
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The collection contains articles on the quality of the conceptual apparatus and terminology of Federal Law No. 498-FZ of December 27, 2018 "On Responsible Treatment of Animals and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", the subject of its legal regulation, the effectiveness of the mechanism for its implementation laid down in the law, state supervision and public control in the field of animal treatment. The problems of organizing the activities of animal shelters without owners, protecting animals from abuse and responsibility for such offenses, directions and ways to improve Federal Law No. 498-FZ and the practice of its application are also highlighted. Attention is paid not only to modern, but also to historical, international and foreign experience of legal regulation of the considered social relations, norms-requirements, restrictions and prohibitions in the field of keeping and using animals, moral and ethical aspects of interaction between people and animals, which emphasizes the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the presented research. 
 The publication is addressed to lawyers-scientists and practitioners, subjects of the law of legislative initiative, employees of state authorities and local self-government bodies directly involved in the application of the norms of Federal Law No. 498-FZ, employees of various organizations engaged in the maintenance, use and protection of animals, animal rights activists, students and postgraduates of law schools, as well as a wide range of readers interested in this issue.
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Tudor Edwards, Rhiannon, and Emma McIntosh, eds. Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737483.001.0001.
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Public health has been described as the organized activities of society to improve and protect the health of the population. Health economics applied to public health is the study of how we allocate our scarce societal resources to meet our public health wants and needs in the best way possible. This book presents current thinking on health economics methodology and application to the evaluation of public health interventions (PHIs). It is for health economists working in higher education and public healthcare systems, challenged with the economic evaluation of PHIs, when they have been used to applying health economics and the methods of economic evaluation to narrower clinical interventions in primary or secondary care settings. This book will also be of interest to public health practitioners wanting to incorporate health economics into their daily work. This book covers the history of economics of public health and the economic rationale for government investment in prevention; principles of health economics including scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost; evidence synthesis; key methods of economic evaluation with accompanying case studies; economic modelling of public health interventions; return on investment analysis with national and international case studies; and application of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) to the prioritization of PHIs. It concludes with priorities for research in the field of public health economics, spanning an acknowledgement of the role played by the natural environment in promoting better health, through to precision public health, recognizing the role of genetics, the environment, and socioeconomic status in determining population health.
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Kosmin, Leslie, and Catherine Roberts. Company Meetings and Resolutions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832744.001.0001.
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This new edition is the only work solely dedicated to the law of company meetings of solvent public and private companies that are registered and incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 and its predecessors. As before, the new edition is written by an author team of great authority who have specialized in company law throughout their careers. The third edition addresses the use of technology in company meetings, and in particular, considers whether it is lawful for a company registered under the Companies Act 2006 to hold a meeting of shareholders by electronic means only. The practical, as well as the legal issues are considered with regard to this issue. The changes brought in by the UK Corporate Governance Code 2018, with regard to the role of the Chair and the board at meetings of listed companies, is covered along with other developments relating to the duties and activities of the Chair such as in Re Dee Valley Group plc 2017. Other important new case law is also covered such as Sharp v Blank 2015 concerning the duty of directors to provide sufficient information to shareholders to enable them to make informed decisions. Amendments made by the Regulatory Reform Act 2013 to the Companies Act 2006 regarding approval by shareholders of director remuneration policy are duly considered. The Rt. Hon Lord Justice David Richards has written a foreword to the third edition, This book is the leading authority on the law of company meetings and resolutions and all practitioners advising on this subject will find this an invaluable tool for desk research as well as a handy companion at company meetings.
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Tax administration: IRS activities to increase compliance of overseas taxpayers : report to the Chairman, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1993.
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Tax administration: IRS activities to increase compliance of overseas taxpayers : report to the Chairman, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "The Role of Research in the Practice of Public Relations Activities"
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Lõuk, Kristi. "Relevance and Challenges of Ethics Committees." In Ethics and Responsible Research and Innovation in Practice. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33177-0_8.
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AbstractThis article explores the role of ethics committees in ensuring ethical research and innovation, which is essential for maintaining trust in science and innovation. The paper argues that the ethics infrastructure must function at the levels of research and innovation institutions, as well as regional and national levels, and should follow agreed-upon rules and requirements. The changing role of ethics committees is discussed, emphasizing their involvement in investigating potential research misconduct and coordinating the activities of all ethics committees within an institution. The article concludes that for a research and innovation institution, it is of crucial importance to consider the entire ethics infrastructure, including the functions of different ethics committees and ways of implementation through transparency, involvement, policies, procedures, and communication to safeguard that both researchers and the public have trust in ethics infrastructure and ethics committees.
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Marschlich, Sarah. "Introduction." In Corporate Diplomacy: How Multinational Corporations Gain Organizational Legitimacy. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36818-0_1.
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AbstractThis thesis explores the role of corporate diplomacy in the legitimation of multinational corporations (MNCs). By combining a sociological neo-institutional approach with public relations and news framing theory, this research examines how corporate diplomacy in a company’s host country, in this case, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is performed, how news media in the host country frame corporate diplomacy, and how corporate diplomacy news affect organizational legitimacy. A mixed-method research design was applied to explore corporate diplomacy and its link to organizational legitimacy. The findings show that the corporations use different corporate diplomacy modes to gain legitimacy. Moreover, results imply that organizational legitimacy judgments, shaped by the news media, mainly depend on the demonstrated linkages of the corporation with the UAE government and the outlined benefits of corporate diplomacy for the local community. The results suggest that foreign corporations adapt to the host country’s cultural and political system to gain organizational legitimacy. This research has significant implications for theory and practice by offering profound insights into the role of corporate diplomacy in organizational legitimation from the organizational, media, and audience perspectives.
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Patra, Raj Kishore. "Bollywood and Social Media." In Handbook of Research on Social and Cultural Dynamics in Indian Cinema. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3511-0.ch027.
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Public relations (PR) always play an essential role in promoting the movie and reaching out to the massive scale of audiences. Especially in the current situation, the role of PR is more vital because of the fragmented space created to release of movies by the digital revolution. The Indian cinema industry may not have considered the PR seriously earlier, but in the last few years, the game of film promotion has changed. Therefore, the chapter focuses on the dynamics of PR practices prevalent in contemporary film promotional activities. The study also aims to deliberate on the changing trends in creating buzz around the films and maintaining the euphoria through various PR activities or campaigns.
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Ulaş, Sevilay. "The Role of Social Media on Dissemination of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Handbook of Research on Representing Health and Medicine in Modern Media. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6825-5.ch015.
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This study reveals the role of social media tools and applications in disseminating information about COVID-19 in the COVID-19 process. While discussing the role of social media in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic process, it will be evaluated with the applications of different institutions. In the study, which will be considered from a public relations perspective in general, it is aimed to reveal a general perspective on the communication activities of the institutions with the target audience and their followers through social media practices. In this study, which is a compilation in this direction, the changing motivations of the followers and the role of social media in this process will be revealed.
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Rodning, Christopher B., Rachel V. Briggs, Robin A. Beck, Gayle J. Fritz, Heather A. Lapham, and David G. Moore. "Women and Power at Joara, Cuenca, and Fort San Juan." In Mississippian Women. University Press of Florida, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683404149.003.0010.
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During the mid-sixteenth century, Late Mississippian women actively engaged in personal and diplomatic relations with Spanish explorers who traversed the Carolina Piedmont. From the Lady of Cofitachequi to Guatari Mico, the public leadership roles of Native women are well attested by historical sources. Yet written accounts are less useful for understanding how Native women also shaped these encounters through foodways and daily practice. Research at the Berry site, location of the Native town of Joara, and Fort San Juan, founded by Juan Pardo, offers new insights into how the actions and activities of Mississippian women shaped the course of the colonial encounter that unfolded at this short-lived fort and provides some insights for how one might better understand the role of women within Late Mississippian societies.
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Hrekul-Kovalyk, Tatiana. "PECULIARITIES OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION." In Innovations in science: current research and advanced technologies. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2025. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-531-0-36.
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The article explores the legal system of the state and the evolution of the information society in the context of digitalization across all spheres of life. The article identifies changes and distinctive features in the legal system resulting from globalization and digitalization. The role of legal information in the systematization and institutionalization of current legislation is analyzed. The study demonstrates that digitalization significantly influences the dynamics of social relations, thereby shaping the nature and mechanisms of constructing social reality. In the context of digitalization processes, the legal system of the State inevitably changes many of its formal and substantive characteristics. The study primarily employs the dialectical method, enabling the author to analyze digital transformation as a broad social phenomenon. This process plays a crucial role in the evolution of the legal framework, underscoring its growing significance in contemporary society. Using a general scientific method of analysis, the article examines the issues of digital transformation from the general to the specific and identifies trends, current issues and prospects for the development of law under the influence of technology. The work also uses a sociological approach, thanks to which the legal field has acquired a private-public coloration aimed at meeting the needs of society and realizing national interests. The author uses dialectical and hermeneutical methods to study the dynamics of regulation of technologies, including in their digital form, as well as the right to information as a fundamental human right underlying information activities. Formal legal, logical, systemic and structural methods helped to reveal the legal nature and essence of technologies in the context of digitalization of social relations. The goal is to find the best ways to increase the efficiency of using information technology in law enforcement, to properly regulate relations arising in the field of information technology, and to develop practical recommendations that will facilitate the introduction of information technology into the country's legal system. The article explores trends in information and legal regulation across various stages of the national legal system's development. First, information and legal relations are interconnected, as they are governed by multiple branches of law. Secondly, in the context of technological development, legal concepts and legal instruments are used more intensively in the field of law. Thirdly, the regulation of digital public administration is acquiring a new direction of legal development, and, accordingly, new institutional formations appear in law. The author identifies the vectors of development of modern fundamental scientific research in the information and legal sphere aimed at innovative development under the influence of digital technologies. The article proposes viewing legal technologies as a multifaceted process and an integral component in shaping national legal regulatory systems in the digital era. The study expands the legal understanding of information in digital form, as well as the relationship between information, information technology and digital communication channels. The proposals for improving the current legislation may be timely and relevant in connection with the transformation of public administration and the construction of the digital economy as a component of the development of the information society.
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Allari Rabia S., Ismaile Samantha, and Househ Mowafa. "Professional Values Among Female Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-781-8-231.
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Professional values are essential to nursing practice because they guide standards for working, provide a structure for evaluating behavior, and influence decisions making. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of Saudi female nursing students on professional values and to assess the correlation between their perception of professional values in relation to their year of academic studies. We used a cross-sectional descriptive study where a survey was administered to 150 Saudi female nurses living in Riyadh. Results show that Saudi female nurses have a high perception of professional values relating to confidentiality, privacy, moral and legal rights, health and safety, and the work environment. Whereas Saudi nursing students have a low perception for participating in professional nursing activities, utilizing research in practice, peer review, public policy, and engaging in on-going self-evaluation. There was positive correlation between different professional values and academic years. The highest correlations were for the items related to caring and trust more than activism because nursing students at higher academic levels viewed the relationship with patients as more important than advancing health care systems through public policy, research, and professional organizations. In conclusion, nursing program administrators should put emphasis on improving the development of professional values through a role modeling approach to promote activism and professional values through the arrangement of meetings, exchange forums, and conferences with other nurses, managers, policy makers, innovators, and researchers within the nursing field.
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Puhalskyi, Vadym. "THE NECESSITY OF ORIGIN, ECONOMIC CONTENT AND THE ESSENCE OF TAX CONTROL." In Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of modern scientific research. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-195-4-9.
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Changes in tax legislation, the introduction of digital technologies have necessitated theoretical research and disclosure of the content of the definition of «tax control». The subject of the study is the economic content of the definition of «tax control» in terms of expanding information flows and digital data processing technologies. The necessity, role and essence of control are considered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that financial relations cannot exist without proper state financial control, the importance of which is manifested in one of the important functions of the financial management process, which ensures the sound functioning of the entire financial system. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need, importance and essence of tax control in a situation where there is a constant reform of control activities of the state in general and tax control in particular, which requires systematic analysis and generalization. It is proved that tax control, as a separate type of activity, has all the features of financial control and at the same time it has specific features that are manifested in a narrower area – the implementation of tax legislation of Ukraine. However, it is noted that both sides of tax control are in a relationship. The legislative definition of the term «tax control» is considered as a guide, which should greatly simplify the process of assessing the activities of tax authorities to mobilize taxes and fees to the budgets of all levels. However, every year there are changes associated with the transformation of the economy, new tools of tax control, so in our opinion, tax control in the current conditions of the TCU is considered as an independent area of mandatory public financial control, the main purpose of which is control of compliance with tax legislation in the field of taxes and fees, which is implemented by conducting in-house, documentary and factual inspections of business entities and the implementation of digital tools of tax control to prevent and eliminate violations of tax discipline. The research methodology is the theoretical generalization and implementation of a consistent analysis of conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «tax control» in regulations and scientific papers. It is noted that tax control, as a specific area of public financial control, is given considerable attention in scientific sources and regulations of Ukraine and other countries, along with this it is justified that the relevance of this issue sphere of tax control, the number of forms, methods and ways of its implementation is increasing, and in the conditions of digitalization the procedures for its implementation are being improved, the legislative regulation of taxation is constantly changing, and hence of tax control. The concept of «tax control» has been clarified, which at the theoretical level allows to expand its functional purpose in accordance with the practical activities of tax authorities.The process of formation and development of tax control in Ukraine is not completed, which is due to further improvement of the taxation system. The process of tax control is considered as a set of stages of its implementation, depending on the purpose, objectives and scale. The stage of tax control is a part of the process that has its stages. Stages of tax control are characterized by a number of components.In the domestic scientific opinion there is a wide range of approaches to the functions of tax control, each of which deserves attention, however, in our opinion, the functions of tax control should be unified and considered in two directions, namely: basic (fiscal, regulatory, preventive and control) and additional (accounting, analytical and legal).The conclusion of the study is: the author’s consideration of the main theoretical aspects of the concepts of «control», «public financial control» and «tax control» as part of public financial control; theoretical analysis of different approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «control», «tax control»; research of the stage of state financial control and tax control; determining the stages of formation of tax control and the main and additional functions of tax control, which will ultimately contribute to further research and development of the theory of tax control.
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Moreira, Vanessa, and Mafalda Eiró-Gomes. "Information, Misinformation, Disinformation: The Role of Communication Professionals in Liquid Modernity." In Big Ideas in Public Relations Research and Practice. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2398-391420190000004013.
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Bednarz, Sarah W., and Roger M. Downs. "Geography Education." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0041.
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The evolution of the profession of geography as an academic discipline has been intertwined with the teaching of geography in schools and colleges (Warntz 1964; Blouet 1981; Cormack 1997; Douglas 1998). Even today, the largest proportion of members of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) is employed in higher education and is charged with teaching high school graduates. The short-term fortunes of academic Departments of Geography are a direct function of student credit hours generated. Therefore, the long-term viability of Departments is a function of significant numbers of students being willing—or required—to take college geography courses. Motivation for optional or mandatory participation in geographic learning at all levels of instruction is a cause of and a response to society’s valuation of geographic knowledge. Over the past two decades, American society has placed an increasing value on geographic literacy, although what it means to be geographically literate remains subject to debate. In this chapter, we use the definition from the National Geography Standards (hereafter referred to as the Standards) (Geography Education Standards Project 1994: 34), “The outcome of Geography for Life is a geographically informed person (1) who sees meaning in the arrangement of things in space; (2) who see relations between people, places, and environments; (3) who uses geographic skills; and (4) who applies spatial and ecological perspectives to life situations.” The increasing valuation of geographic knowledge has been facilitated by an infrastructure ranging from the National Geographic Society’s (NGS) state alliance network to the AAG’s Commission on College Geography, publicized through activities such as the National Geographic Bee, and Environmental Science Research Institute (ESRI)’s “Geography Matters” campaign, and codified through public commitment to programs such as the Standards and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). In light of the changing role of geography in American society, the Geography Education Specialty Group (GESG) adopted a revised mission statement in 1999. Its goal is, “To promote research on the lifelong development of knowledge about the world through geography; to develop the theory and foster the practice of teaching and learning geography in formal and informal educational contexts; and to be an advocate for geographic literacy” (AAG GESG 1999: 1).
Conference papers on the topic "The Role of Research in the Practice of Public Relations Activities"
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Zheleva-Terzieva, Donka. "THE FORMATIVE ROLE OF ACTIVE SPORTS ACTIVITY FOR THE MORAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/115.
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ABSTRACT The general goal of family and educational environment is to prepare the rising generation for public practice by gaining social experience and building a moral culture of behavior. Although they are different, both institutions are responsible for the upbringing of children. Part of the extracurricular work in physical education and sport are also sports activities organized and conducted by sports clubs in a certain type of sport. The article conducts a study on the impact of training and sports competition activities on the formation of morally responsible behavior in adolescent football players. Certain indicators are derived from each criterion being analyzed in order to determine the moral status of the contestants. The methods of pedagogical research discourse, inquiry, and expert evaluation, applied to two age groups (total respondents – 280 competitors, 22 coaches, 18 referees, and 4 football delegates) during the football championship 7 of the 2021/22 sports competition year in Stara Zagora region. The opinion of the coaches and delegates, the actions of the referees regarding disciplinary control, the behavior of the players before the start, during, and after the end of football matches, numbering 300, have been examined. The statistical methods for processing empirical data for the purpose of analyzing and presenting the results of the study are variational, cor-relational, comparative, and descriptive analyses, Van der Waerden test, and processing of textual information from matches played. The results obtained found positive and statistically analyzed changes in the behavior of the contestants according to the criteria and indicators studied and prove the formative impact of active sports activity on the moral culture of the personality. The inquiry analysis carried out by place of residence shows that the research effect on the behavior of contestants has greater values for those living in larger cities.
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Cherba, Vita, and Anzhela Pavliuchenko. "Ethical values and dilemmas in the work of social sphere employees." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.119.
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Background: Modern professional organizations require such researches that are based on certain values. In that context ethics is based on values that guide social workers in their behaviour, decision-making and through relationships with clients, colleagues etc. Ethical issues pervade the work of social workers, as practice often takes place in the context of public welfare systems based on principles of social justice and the public good, and social workers have professional authority in relation to service users. Purpose: To reveal what ethical dilemmas social workers face in their professional activities. Methods: Comparative methods were used in the work, an analysis of ethical codes in professional associations' social work documents in different countries was carried out. Results: In their work, social workers must adhere to ethical standards. However, an ethical dilemma arises when a social worker is faced with one or more conflicting values. For example, the dilemma of intervention or non-intervention. In modern social work, there is a lack of attempts to formulate practical recommendations for social workers who are faced with difficult situations. Conclusion: Key values and principles can come into conflict, and social workers have to make difficult choices about how to act and what role to play. Therefore, the systematic study of ethical dilemmas and the development of practical recommendations can significantly improve the quality of social work. Keywords: social work, ethical values, ethical dilemmas.
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Aksjonova, Darja. "Science Communication Practices in the Fundamental and Applied Research Programme of Latvian Council of Science in 2023." In International scientific conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.22364/ms24.01.
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Science communication plays a crucial role in attracting public money for science, promote scientific careers and shaping policy accordingly. Very few studies have been particularly dedicated to the ways how Latvian scientists communicate their research to public audiences. The current study will attempt to fill this gap and offer analysis of scientists’ perception of communication and the models they choose to communicate effectively. One must take into consideration the claim of many scholars that definition of science communication remains elusive and multifaceted, often described as vague and fuzzy. This forestalls a clear understanding of what results are expected and how are they to be achieved. At this point, science communication models are of great help to guide and measure expected results. Although the models are usually presented as an evolutionary form, in real life situations they often transpire as a mix and cannot be identified straightforwardly. However, they are usually declared in forms that are separated not only according to the way activities are carried out but also according to the evolutionary forms of transfer. Meanwhile, as evolution implies, there is a need to be ready for change, hence, it is pivotal for society, as well as scientists. This study encompasses projects (n = 47) funded by Latvian Council of Science in 2020, whose implementers have submitted their final reports in 2023. Qualitative thematic analysis has revealed that the focus of project proposals and reports lies in the Deficit model of science communication, often leaving behind Dialogue and Participatory models. This paper aims to explore the nuanced definitions of science communication and contribute the analysis of the progression of its models in relation to societal and scientific readiness. By examining these models, we can gain insights into how science communication practices have adapted to meet the changing expectations and needs of both society and the scientific community.
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CRUZ, PEDRO CRUZ. "The Theater of the People: A look into Queens Street Vending Culture." In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.25.
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The Theater of the People project recognizes street vendors in Queens, Corona Plaza as merely the visible performance of a network of distributed and transient actors and social infrastructure. Simultaneously, an actual theater sits between a public plaza and a public park, offering a potential political, economic and social connection between the two public arenas. What can a building built for performance teach us when it becomes a scaffold for an entirely different play? How might we imagine a Theater for the People? Within the practice of everyday life, street vendors produce an inherently social space that’s embodied, processual, rhetorical, and political. What happens when a theater, a space of leisure that gives pleasure from the art of fiction, becomes the backdrop for the script of the street vendor? What would a space for the state- less look like? What role would the politics of aesthetics have in such a place? By portraying these relations and connections of everyday life interactions within public spaces, we can think of ways to invent new, inclusive futures.
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Cmeciu, Doina, and Camelia Cmeciu. "VIRTUAL MUSEUMS - NON-FORMAL MEANS OF TEACHING E-CIVILIZATION/CULTURE." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-108.
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Considered repositories of objects(Cuno 2009), museums have been analysed through the object-oriented policies they mainly focus on. Three main purposes are often mentioned: preservation, dissemination of knowledge and access to tradition. Beyond these informative and cultural-laden functions, museums have also been labeled as theatres of power, the emphasis lying on nation-oriented policies. According to Michael F. Brown (2009: 148), the outcome of this moral standing of the nation-state is a mobilizing public sentiment in favour of the state power. We consider that the constant flow of national and international exhibitions or events that could be hosted in museums has a twofold consequence: on the one hand, a cultural dynamics due to the permanent contact with unknown objects, and on the other hand, some visibility strategies in order to attract visitors. This latter effect actually embodies a shift within the perception of museums from entities of knowledge towards leisure environments. Within this context where the concept of edutainment(Eschach 2007) seems to prevail in the non-formal way of acquiring new knowledge, contemporary virtual museums display visual information without regard to geographic location (Dahmen, Sarraf, 2009). They play ?a central role in making culture accessible to the mass audience(Carrazzino, Bergamasco 2010) by using new technologies and novel interaction paradigms. Our study will aim at analyzing the way in which civilization was e-framed in the virtual project ?A History of the World in 100 Objects, run by BBC Radio 4 and the British Museum in 2010. The British Museum won the 2011 Art Fund Prize for this innovative platform whose main content was created by the contributors (the museums and the members of the public). The chairman of the panel of judges, Michael Portillo, noted that the judges were impressed that the project used digital media in ground-breaking and novel ways to interact with audiences. The two theoretical frameworks used in our analysis are framing theories and critical discourse analysis. ?Schemata of interpretation? (Goffman 1974), frames are used by individuals to make sense of information or an occurrence, providing principles for the organization of social reality? (Hertog & McLeod 2001). Considered cultural structures with central ideas and more peripheral concepts and a set of relations that vary in strength and kind among them? (Hertog, McLeod 2001, p.141), frames rely on the selection of some aspects of a perceived reality which are made more salient in a communicating text or e-text. We will interpret this virtual museum as a hypertext which ?makes possible the assembly, retrieval, display and manipulation? (Kok 2004) of objects belonging to different cultures. The structural analysis of the virtual museum as a hypertext will focus on three orders of abstraction (Kok 2004): item, lexia, and cluster. Dividing civilization into 20 periods of time, from making us human (2,000,000 - 9000 BC) up to the world of our making (1914 - 2010 AD), the creators of the digital museum used 100 objects to make sense of the cultural realities which dominated our civilization. The History of the World in 100 Objects used images of these objects which can be considered ?as ideological and as power-laden as word (Jewitt 2008). Closely related to identities, ideologies embed those elements which provide a group legitimation, identification and cohesion. In our analysis of the 100 virtual objects framing e-civilization we will use the six categories which supply the structure of ideologies in the critical discourse analysis framework (van Dijk 2000: 69): membership, activities, goals, values/norms, position (group-relations), resources. The research questions will focus on the content of this digital museum: (1) the types of objects belonging to the 20 periods of e-civilization; (2) the salience of countries of origin for the 100 objects; (3) the salience of social practices framed in the non-formal teaching of e-civilization/culture; and on the visitors? response: (1) the types of attitudes expressed in the forum comments; (2) the types of messages visitors decoded from the analysis of the objects; (3) the (creative) value of such e-resources. References Brown, M.F. (2009). Exhibiting indigenous heritage in the age of cultural property. J.Cuno (Ed.). Whose culture? The promise of museums and the debate over antiquities (pp. 145-164), Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. Carrazzino, M., Bergamasco, M. (2010). Beyond virtual museums: Experiencing immersive virtual reality in real museums. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11, 452-458. Cuno, J. (2009) (Ed.). Whose culture? The promise of museums and the debate over antiquities (pp. 145-164), Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. Dahmen, N. S., & Sarraf, S. (2009, May 22). Edward Hopper goes to the net: Media aesthetics and visitor analytics of an online art museum exhibition. Visual Communication Studies, Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Eshach, H. (2007). Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning: formal, non-formal, and informal education . Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16 (2), 171-190. Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hertog, J.K., & McLeod, D. M. (2001). A multiperspectival approach to framing analysis: A field guide. In S.D. Reese, O.H. Gandy, & A.E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspective on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 139-162). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jewitt, C. (2008). Multimodality and literacy in school classrooms. Review of Research in Education, 32 (1), 241-267. Kok, K.C.A. (2004). Multisemiotic mediation in hypetext. In Kay L. O?Halloren (Ed.), Multimodal discourse analysis. Systemic functional perspectives (pp. 131-159), London: Continuum. van Dijk, T. A. (2000). Ideology ? a multidisciplinary approach. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage.
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Milenkova, Valentina, Albena Nakova, Emilia Chengelova, and Karamfil Manolov. "Digital transformations and their impact on the economy, public relations and quality of life." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004665.
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This paper traces the digital transformation occurring as a result of the application of computer information and communication technologies. Digital transformation is the digitization of the economy, complete change of the organization's structure, its relationships with the environment in which it operates, and the products and services it creates. Digitalization and related transformative processes lead to the creation of pervasive connectivity between people and institutions, diversification of activities, resources and data in the online space and parallel work in the digital and real worlds. The main goals of the paper are to show that the digital transformations enter all areas of the economy, social life, civil society, which also changes people's quality of life. Digital transformations enable people, businesses and governments to operate efficiently and at lower costs. This creates a huge potential for a large number of enterprises, banks, telecommunications companies, companies providing payment services; start-ups; retailers, as well as institutions in the fields of education, culture, healthcare, politics, etc. Today, even the smallest organization has the opportunity to function as a global one, carrying out cross-border activity in some form. The digital networks that connect everything and everyone span ever larger spaces, so companies, communities and individuals are challenged to rethink what it means to function globally connected. Digital networks are important for the development and promotion of business and communication both at work and in leisure. Therefore, their management is time-consuming and requires both technical and marketing knowledge.The analysis in this article was made within the framework of the project "Quality of Life and well-being in the context of professional communities and their activity" КП-06-ПН80/12, funded by the National Science Fund. The research work is theoretically based on already conducted empirical surveys that track the digital skills of employees in different economic sectors and professions. Five professional communities are studied - teachers; computer specialists and programmers; researchers and university lecturers; technical staff; people employed in trade and services. On the basis of nationally representative surveys for the respective professions, the level of basic and specific digital skills possessed by employees in these professions and the level that the current development of information and communication technologies and the needs of the respective profession require as necessary for the performance of professional activities were identified. On this basis, the need for up-skilling training and the importance of the company's training offerings for enhancing employees' digital skills is highlighted. The role of enhancing employees' digital skills in improving their quality of life is outlined in terms of creating better opportunities for professional and career development, higher incomes and achieving a better balance between work and leisure and work and family life. The article also traces the risks and prospects that digitization creates and that the economy and society face. The main conclusion is that digital technologies contribute to improving the quality of life, as well as to a more economical and efficient use of available resources.
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Wang, Yawei. "Based on Large-Scale Surveys A Research on the Impact of Scientific Attitudes on Science Achievement Among Primary and Secondary School Students: The Mediating Role of Participation in Informal Science Learning Activities." In EduCon Tokyo – International Conference on Education, 20-21 January 2025. Global Research & Development Services Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.20319/ictel.2025.8586.
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As China continues to implement its national strategy to strengthen the country through science and education, the Ministry of Education has called for greater emphasis on improving the quality of science education. This includes leveraging public platforms to promote scenario-based and experiential science practice activities that engage students beyond traditional classroom settings. In this study, a comprehensive nationwide survey was conducted using questionnaires and interviews, analyzing 847,720 valid student responses collected from 107 sample counties across 31 provinces. The results show that student satisfaction with out-of-school informal science education is generally low. Specifically, satisfaction rates for key aspects such as accessibility, diversity, professionalism, interactivity, and learning support all fall below 50%. Furthermore, students' attitudes toward science play a significant positive role in shaping both their academic achievement in science and their participation in informal science learning activities. Quantitatively, a one-unit improvement in scientific attitude corresponds to an increase of 0.242 units in science achievement, a 0.347-unit rise in participation in out-of-school activities, and a 0.198-unit increase in participation in in-school activities. However, the study also identifies contrasting effects of informal science activities on academic outcomes. While out-of-school informal science learning activities exert a small but positive influence on science achievement, in-school activities have a significant negative effect, with an impact size of -0.222. This negative influence is primarily attributed to poorly designed activities that lack rigor and consume time meant for formal science learning. To maximize the benefits of informal science learning, it is essential to enhance the quality and design of these activities while establishing a balanced schedule for in-school participation. This approach can help unlock the full potential of informal science activities in supporting students' academic and personal growth in science education.
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Shanidze, Goderdzi. "The Role of State Support in Business Development." In Multidisciplinary International Scientific Conference: „Sustainable Development: Modern Trends and Challenges“. Kutaisi University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.52244/c.2024.11.33.
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In order to start and develop business activities in the country, it is necessary to have an attractive, perfect tax system, the formation and renewal of the tax system must be done continuously and must be in accordance with international tax practice, must be close to the legislation of the European Union, etc. The state applies various measures to support business, including tax incentives. The state's grant program "Produce in Georgia" made a great contribution to the development of new businesses in the country, existing businesses were expended and local workforce was employed. The "Produce in Georgia" micro and small entrepreneurship grant program of the 2023 round has 1,176 winners. From 2015 to 2022, within the framework of the micro and small entrepreneurship promotion grant program, more than 8 thousand projects were financed, the amount of investments exceeds 116 million, and the number of employees exceeds 21,000. For the development of a number of business areas, it is necessary to stimulate exports and find new markets. It is important to inform the public about the agency's activities and functions in an appropriate dose, part of the population does not have information about the country's grant programs, most importantly, it is necessary that the agency's activities and financing processes must be even more transparent, since, as research has shown, there is a lot of mistrust of the agency among entrepreneurial subjects, because they think that in some cases, unstable, unrealistic business ideas are financed, and at the expense of this, the real entrepreneur and business idea suffers. Regulation of all this is still a necessary activity of the state. As a result of the research, we can identify the most problematic issues of state programs supporting business development and ways/recommendations to solve them: 1. Raising the level of proper awareness of entrepreneurs; 2. Audit and optimization of the financial part of the project; 3. Raising the transparency level of state programs promoting business development; 4. Increasing confidence in state programs supporting business development; The Government of Georgia, while developing the country's strategic plan and drawing up the economic development program, gives special and advantageous importance and aims to improve the business environment, to bring it as close as possible to European standards, which will lead to the growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
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Zhou, Jiaxin, and Duoduo Zhang. "Stimulating Everyday Creativity: Mediating Role of New Tools in DIY Craft." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003396.
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Everyday creativity has been shown to help people consciously develop themselves, respond to challenges, feel more in control of their destiny, and maintain a healthy state of mind and body. Through creative practices, people's possibility thinking is strengthened, they can adapt to the changes of the environment more flexibly, and actively participate in actions that promote social change. However, the current research on daily creativity mostly regards it as a holistic concept, lacking in depth in specific fields and attention to the characteristics of the current era, which makes it often difficult for designers to find effective ways to promote the benefits of creative activity.This paper focuses on the popularity of contemporary DIY crafts in urban areas and try to understand how the renewal of tools has an impact on everyday creativity. On the one hand, DIY crafts are an important part of everyday creative activities. On the other hand, the application of digital and mechanical tools has injected vitality into the design innovation in this field. Based on the perspective of post-phenomenology theory, this research pays attention to how technological objects affect human perception and behavior patterns in specific situations, and mediate the relationship between people and the world. For designers, the term "technology" in post-phenomenology can be regarded as "designing artifacts", its mediating role can be understood and anticipated, and the "advanced" design method that moralizes technology can help bring users more positive use experience and contribute to a better life world.The study takes the new tufting experience as a case. It is typified by the use of tufting guns, which makes it different from the traditional weaving behavior. Such activities are widely spread on the Internet, attracting large numbers of young people. Using practice-led research and ethnographic methods to collect data and conduct qualitative analysis, the author elaborates that technological interventions not only functionally enhance people's ability, but also shape actions and experiences. According to Ihde’s discussion of four “human-technology-world relations”, in tufting activities, the first embodied relation between tools and participants mobilizes more sensory participation, and the “ready-to-hand” state of the tufting gun brings about a different embodied perception from that of traditional crafts. Secondly, the hermeneutic relation influences people's perception of the difficulty of crafts, and the connection between wool and cloth has been translated into the vibration and sound of the gun. The third is the alterity relation, which represents people's actions and ways of thinking are changed in the interaction with tools. Finally, the background relation makes pop culture permeate into the creative process. In general, participants’ sensory experiences, as well as their ways of seeing and making are reshaped by modern tools, and new experiences and skills are acquired. At the same time, people are encouraged to go beyond the limits of skills and rules for creative exploration and personalized expression.The potential negative aspects of tool upgrading in creative practice are also concerned. For example, the simplification of the process bridges the gap between novice and expert, preventing most participants from reaching a higher level of skills that underlie a more subtle and diverse insight into the world. Moreover, while tools help reduce the occurrence of errors, they also limit the possibilities for creativity. Finally, the article identifies the opportunities and challenges for designers in this new era that encourages everyone to create, and suggests strategies for incorporating the mediating role of artifacts into the design process to help users stimulate their creativity in everyday creative practices.
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Bunkus, Jana, and Renate Cane. "The problems of the profession of communication specialists in the processes of local government changes after the administrative territorial reform in Latvia." In 25th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2024”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2024.58.027.
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In recent decades, Latvia has been affected by several administrative and territorial reforms, the last of them in 2021. Consequently, 43 new municipalities were created instead of the previous 119 municipalities. One of the reform's goals was to reduce local governments' administrative costs, which meant reducing the number of deputies and employees, including communication specialists. However, reorganizing the work processes of the new administrative territories created new professional challenges for the municipal communication specialists, as there was a need to explain these often problematic processes to the public. The study aims to identify the problems of the profession of communication specialists in the processes of changes in local governments after the administrative-territorial reform in Latvia. Research question: what are the most common problems in the professional activities of communication and public relations specialists of Latvian municipalities in the period after the implementation of the administrative-territorial reform? Both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods are used in the research. A survey of these specialists was conducted to clarify the professional activity problems of communication specialists, which have arisen under the influence of the municipal change process. The results of the focus group discussion supplemented the survey results and showed the nature of the problems by looking at them from a deeper perspective. The interviews of local governments and communication experts provided insight into public relations and communication problems in the industry, both in local governments and in Latvia as a whole. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that, in general, the administrative-territorial reform in Latvia has mainly addressed issues of an economic and infrastructural nature. In such a situation, the role of vital professional communication specialists is increasing. Currently, it can be observed that, in general, communication specialists' involvement in managing municipal change processes in Latvia is low. It is hindered by factors such as the lack of understanding on the part of the municipal administration, as well as the inconsistency of the skills and knowledge of public relations specialists.
Reports on the topic "The Role of Research in the Practice of Public Relations Activities"
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Zeba, Mattia, Roberta Medda-Windischer, Andrea Carlà, and Alexandra Cosima Budabin. Civic Education as Preventive Measure and Inclusionary Practice. Glasgow Caledonian University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59019/ddzh5n65.
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In the framework of the D.Rad project, WP10 – entitled Civic education as preventive measure and inclusionary practice – seeks to prevent youth radicalisation through civic education and to identify new pedagogical methods and interactive, participatory tools for building pro-social resilience to radical ideologies. We consider as ‘civic education programs’ all those initiatives of instruction that aim at affecting “people’s beliefs, commitments, capabilities, and actions as members or prospective members of communities”1, as well as foster critical thinking and promoting “civic engagement and support democratic and participatory governance”2. Such programs have been found “to help shape personal efficacy (i.e., an individual’s belief in their ability to effect change, political participation, and tolerance”3. Furthermore, “educational tools as such have proven to foster individuals' desistance from terrorist groups and ideologies by broadening the scope of their political values, ideals, and concepts (e.g., justice, honor, freedom) and by introducing alternative perspectives and worldviews”4. In D.rad’s WP10, the focus is on civic education programs that adopt a participatory approach. This means involving all participants in expressing their ideas and bringing about change. Specifically, these methods empower marginalized voices, promoting civic engagement, problem-solving, and networking. Using techniques like role-plays and interactive tools, these programs foster critical thinking, empathy, democratic literacy, active citizenship, resilience, and socio-emotional learning. Critical thinking involves making reliable judgments based on sound information. It includes steps like asking questions, gathering relevant data, and considering various perspectives. Research shows a positive link between critical thinking and personal efficacy. Empathy is vital in civic and peace education. It means understanding and resonating with others' emotions. Pedagogical approaches like group work and cooperative tasks nurture empathy, as well as exposure to diverse choices and scenarios. Democratic literacy involves recognizing, valuing, and respecting all individuals as legitimate members of society. Non-formal education, like theatre, is a powerful way to engage communities in raising awareness and fostering democratic literacy. Active citizenship means actively participating in one's local community with values like respect, inclusion, and assistance. Educational programs equip participants with skills and knowledge for resilient societies built on trust. Resilience is the ability to bounce back from challenges, a crucial skill in personal development against extremist ideologies. Research links resilience to pro-social behaviour and life satisfaction. Civic education fosters pro-social behaviour through empathy and voluntary actions that benefit others. Socio-emotional learning (SEL) includes five key components: self-awareness, self-management, responsible decision making, social awareness, and relationship skills. Through SEL, individuals understand and regulate emotions, set positive goals, show empathy, build healthy relationships, and make responsible choices. Effective SEL training leads to improved academic performance and positive attitudes. It reduces disruptive behaviours and disciplinary issues. Educators prioritize SEL through activities that encourage communication, cooperation, emotional regulation, empathy, and self-control. Against this background, the final goal of WP10 was to foster social cohesion, democratic literacy, active citizenship and a shared sense of belonging to counteract tendencies of grievance, alienation and polarisation through the development of a participatory role-play targeting community organizations, youth centres, social/educational workers and interested citizens. WP10 was carried out in three parallel and complementary phases:- project partners involved in the WP (EURAC – Bolzano/Bozen, AUP – Paris, FUB – Berlin, BILGI – Istanbul and PRONI – Brcko) analysed civic education programs implemented in their countries to combat radicalisation and violent extremism in order to highlight approaches, practices and challenges that needed to be taken into account in the development of WP10’s toolkit; EURAC complemented such analysis with an overall recognition of existing programmes at EU level and beyond; - WP partners also contacted experts (academics, practitioners, NGO-leaders, public officers at the Ministry of Justice, social workers) in the field of de-radicalisation, civic-education, cultural mediation and theatrical methods to provide both feedback on challenges faced in past projects and opinions on the role-play developed in the framework of WP10; - EURAC, assisted by project partners and external experts developed a role-play as a preventive tool for youth radicalisation; WP partners then tested the role-play in their respective countries to collect feedback on its implementation and effectiveness. The role-play thus developed, called “In Search of the Lost Past”, is a civic education game encourages participants to reflect on available choices, avoiding adverse and/or violent outcomes. It aims to enhance critical thinking skills in problem-solving and understanding diverse perspectives. Accordingly, it fosters open-mindedness and respect for diversities and alternative worldviews while expanding participants' understanding of values, ideals, and concepts like justice, honour, and freedom. Participants collectively reconstruct stories through backwards journeys, starting from possible endings and envisioning earlier events from assigned character viewpoints. Through embodying diverse profiles and exploring various choice pathways, this reverse storytelling method prompts contemplation on decisions and their nuanced repercussions. Although all stories share a common finale, participants shape unique, parallel narratives based on distinct character perspectives. This imaginative process elucidates how personal experiences shape worldviews and life trajectories. This imaginative process serves to illuminate how personal experiences contribute to the formation of worldviews and life trajectories. Post-activity discussions centre around the decisions made and their far-reaching implications, emphasizing alternative approaches to challenging issues. Stepping into different mindsets not only cultivates empathy but also fortifies critical analysis skills among participants. "In Search of the Lost Past" serves as a dynamic platform for exploring and understanding the complex interplay of choices, perspectives, and outcomes. Reconstructing the past helps us be open to new and diverse futures.
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Bragge, Peter, and Alejandra Mendoza Alcantara. Public Opinion Data and Policymaking During COVID-19 and Beyond: Insights from Interviews Across Policy and Politics. Australia and New Zealand School of Government, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54810/ujuo6707.
Full textAbstract:
The use of Public Opinion Data (POD) in decision making and policy development processes was highly significant during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Australia and New Zealand School of Government partnered with the Australian Public Service Commission to commission the Monash Sustainable Development Institute to assess the impact and challenges of POD in decision making through the initiative titled “Bridging Public Opinion and Policy: A Mixed-Methods Analysis”. This practice review is one of the four key research activities of the initiative. It explores the practical applications of POD in policymaking during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in business-as-usual scenarios, by capturing high-level insights through semi-structured interviews with eight senior decision makers from different jurisdictions and various parts of government. It identifies three primary uses for POD in policymaking: To improve understanding of community beliefs and attitudes. To identify ways to influence behavioural changes. To test social license by assessing public’s acceptance of policies. In addition, this review compares the purpose of POD from the perspective of public servants and politicians. It also discusses the critical role and purpose of POD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The essential value of POD in understanding the experience of the public in an uncertain environment was highlighted by participants. POD also helped the government improve strategic communication throughout the pandemic. Finally, this practice review highlights the importance of ensuring a rigorous and collaborative approach in designing, collecting, translating, and disseminating POD. This includes upholding the credibility of data and soundness of the methodology. The risk of politicisation was identified to be a major challenge in the use of POD in policymaking. It potentially leads to tensions between political application of POD and the public sector’s political neutrality. This has led to underutilisation of POD and lack of transparency in the decision-making process. These findings emphasize the importance of further work to integrate POD into effective and ethical policymaking.
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Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
Full textAbstract:
For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
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Tabakovic, Momir, Stefan Savic, Andreas Türk, et al. Analysis of the Technological Innovation System for BIPV in Austria. Edited by Michiel Van Noord. International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69766/aocp4683.
Full textAbstract:
This report analyses the Technological Innovation System (TIS) of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Austria. The study’s scope is consistent with the IEA PVPS Task 15 report [1].The analysis aims to facilitate and support the innovation, development, and implementation of industrial solutions of BIPV technologies. In Austria, the use of BIPV is still a niche application and covers under 2% of all implemented PV systems [1]. BIPV technology in Austria has historically developed with the support of different public financial incentives, national and European. The history of BIPV is somehow tightened to the history of PV. The first BIPV prototypes were developed by PV companies in the framework of national or European research activities, with the first development and innovation projects starting around 2003. In general, it should be mentioned that in the last years, PV and BIPV companies have increased specialization in the production of BIPV, especially colored and semitransparent PV modules. In this regard, a wide range of variants are offered (printing, coating, films). The colored components are mainly purchased from glass companies or polymer film producers. Another trend in Austria is the production of transparent glass/glass modules for integration in facades, skylights, winter gardens, or courtyard roofing. In 2020, the government of Austria presented a program called EAG (Erneuerabre Ausbau Gesetz) or Renewable Expansion Act [3.3.1 Hard institutions]containing certain working points to be implemented by 2024. Some of the measures are directly or indirectly relevant to the BIPV development and installation. Such as the PV encapsulation films using interference pigment technology from Lenzing Plastics. This TIS assessed the BIPV market through eight functional areas and provided the following results: ⁃ The analysis of knowledge development showed that it can be classified as moderate. On the one hand, there are not enough training and further education opportunities in the field of BIPV available, but on the other hand, the PV manufacturers and research institutions are driving forward the development of knowledge in the field of BIPV. ⁃ Knowledge dissemination is well advanced internationally within the research community but insufficient at the practical, national level, particularly between the PV industry and the construction sector. Architects are demanding more information from PV manufacturers and suppliers, who share their information only irregularly with the architectural community. Usually, architects obtain this information from PV technology platforms through workshops, brochures, and projects. However, architects have to engage with it more extensively. The goal is to make BIPV more appealing to architects. Thus, we have to summarize that knowledge dissemination is inadequate/weak. ⁃ Entrepreneurial willingness to experiment can be classified as moderate. Overall, it can be said that there are four players in the Austrian BIPV market and a substantial number of newcomers and small innovative players who could take the role of innovation drivers. However, there are too few opportunities for highly specialized small companies. ⁃ Resource mobilization is well positioned financially and in terms of network services. However, and this is essential if we want to expand the BIPV market strongly, there is a lack of skilled personnel (human resources) to carry out the expansion, which is why this function is rated to only be moderate. ⁃ The scoring of social capital is weak. The connection where there is a lack of communication is between the (BI)PV planner and the architects. In most projects, the (BI)PV planner is not involved in the early stages of the building design process. In addition, conventional PV planners have no experience or are hesitant of planning BIPV systems. ⁃ The legitimacy is moderate, but as the acceptance of PV improves from year to year, the chance of better acceptance of PV integrated into the building, i.e., BIPV, also increases. However, there are still reservations and resistance towards individual, specific BIPV projects. This resistance could be reduced by increasing knowledge about the multifunctional possibilities of BIPV at the decision-maker and customer stage as well as by showing best practice examples - Guidance of the search is moderate, as there are no specific political targets for BIPV, but there are for PV. However, the government and relevant authorities aim to implement clean energy development positively and apply applicable policies and regulations. There is an increased subsidy for innovative PV solutions [2] which also includes BIPV. ⁃ It can be stated that the market formation of BIPV in Austria still offers room for improvement. When it comes to governmental-driven incentives and support for the BIPVmarket development, the missing technical standards (e.g., fire safety regulations) and the absence of regulatory obligations on renewable energies in the local building codes are the biggest weaknesses. The structural and functional analysis is followed by a coupled structural-functional analysis. This assessment will help identify weaknesses and strengths and recommend strategies that will enable the growth of BIPV from a niche market to a major market segment. The aim is for photovoltaics (PV) on buildings to be primarily designed as Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) to reduce additional costs. This, combined with the avoided costs for other components of the building, should result in cost parity with Building-Applied Photovoltaics (BAPV). It is also crucial to encourage all manufacturers of building envelope components to ensure that their products offer the dual benefit of serving as building components while also generating electricity. By doing so, such products can become standard in the industry. The transition from BAPV to BIPV was already analyzed in a 2015 BIPV brochure [2] from the Austrian Photovoltaics Technology Platform (TPPV), which discussed the advantages of an integrated solution versus an attached solution and outlined the necessary steps to make BIPV the standard for building PV. The recommendations are summarized as follows: i) It is important to involve (BI)PV in the early stages of the building planning process. ii) successful implementation projects must be made public through various channels to increase knowledge about BIPV technology and its possibilities (e.g., lighthouse projects in public buildings). iii) PV standards and construction codes have to be harmonized. iv) The Austrian government should stipulate the use of PV in the obligatory building specifications. v) Another recommendation would be to enact a law requiring every sealed area to be checked for dual use with (BI)PV. One positive development worth mentioning is the Climate Fund's Lighthouse call, which focuses specifically on integrated PV and offers higher grants for BIPV than the Renewable Expansion Act] , demonstrating increased interest and commitment to this technology. In addition, the TPPV Innovation Awards, which were awarded for the first time specifically for building-integrated PV and now include other topics of PV integration outside of buildings, are a sign that the industry is broadening its perspective and recognizing the importance of BIPV beyond traditional applications. These developments could help to further promote the acceptance and deployment of BIPV and drive innovation in this area. Nevertheless, it is important to consider the significantly higher costs of BIPV products, as well as the greatly increased planning effort that arises when PV becomes an integral building product.