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1
MacDonald, Kelly. "Bump, set, spike...spandex : examining coaches' and athletic directors' interpretations of the Canadian interuniversity sport women's volleyball rule on player uniforms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24016.
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Despite a gender equity policy and an identical uniform rule for both men’s and women’s
Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) volleyball players, every CIS women’s volleyball team
wears tight fitting spandex uniforms, while the men’s teams wear looser and longer shorts to
play. The dissimilarities between uniforms for the men’s and women’s volleyball teams demonstrate how CIS female volleyball players are governed in inequitable ways that feminize and sexualize the female players. Informed by feminist critical theory this research provides a discussion of the gendered power relations that work as a backdrop to the study of one aspect of organizational culture, namely the uniform rule that has developed in CIS volleyball. Using Martin’s (1992) three perspective approach to organizational culture this study examines the women’s volleyball uniform practice from the perspective of the Canada West, CIS women’s volleyball coaches and athletic directors. The three main themes that emerged from the interview data reveal that volleyball culture, player input and the power of coaches and athletic directors all impact the women’s uniform practices. Additionally, each theme provides support for Martin’s integration, differentiation, and fragmentation perspectives. Most notable are the contradictions, ambiguities and confusion around the spandex uniform as they highlight the complexity of the issue by illustrating how coaches’ and athletic directors’ lack clarity and understanding about the practice and its implications. This study exposes the gendered sub-text that flows through the Canada West Volleyball organization and acts as a jumping-off point for engaging in new dialogue about team uniform practices.
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Volkhardt, Lars. "Ranglistenberechnung am Beispiel Volleyball." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-57927.
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McNair, Lynn Jacqueline. "'Rules, rules, rules and we're not allowed to skip'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22942.
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Despite the breadth of research on the educational transition of young children, there has been little evidence, in Scotland, of this knowledge impacting on every day practice. The overall contention that emerges from the literature is that some children positively embrace the experience, while others face challenges and risk failure and regression. There is a need for research into the transition from the early years setting to school, which holds promise that the findings will be disseminated to stakeholders locally, nationally and internationally with the aim that the perspectives of young children are heard. This ethnographic study is an examination of the perspectives of 16 young children as they transition from an early years centre, Lilybank, to four primary schools, Northfield, Southfield, Eastfield and Westfield, in a Scottish city. Seven key qualitative questions were asked which explored how children, parents and professionals experienced this educational transition. Data was gathered from empirical methods such as participant observations, mind–mapping sessions, interviews and documentation – e.g., council procedures and school handbooks. Participant observations took place in the early years setting and the participating schools. Most of the interviews took place in the children’s homes, or in a convenient environment for the family, such as a local cafeteria. An analysis of the data shows that power is a central concept in understanding transitions. The voices of children, and their families, are often silenced by policy-makers, bureaucrats and professionals during the process, or overshadowed and undermined by mainstream procedures. Children are expected to become acquiescent, adjusting to coercive practices used in the school institution. However, the findings also show that some children find ways to creatively resist organisation. Unique life journeys involve differences and from their individual experiences, children construct elaborate knowledge. The views of children can (and do) add nuance to our understanding of how power impacts on their transition experience. Children’s accounts of discipline strategies used by the schools were insightful. The concept of power is under-theorised and under-explored in transitions. This study, therefore, adds to the growing body of transition research. Further, the findings of this study stress the need for policy makers and institutions to reflect on and question the complex role of power in young children’s transitions.
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Yanofsky, Kirk. "Volleyball coaches' perception of performance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/MQ49475.pdf.
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Florence, Lindsay Walker. "Skill Evaluation in Women's Volleyball." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2286.pdf.
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Peña, Javier (Peña López). "Analysis of the services as a performance factor in high-level volleyball and beach volleyball." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128269.
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L’objectiu final d’aquesta Tesi és identificar aspectes crítics de la utilització del servei en el voleibol i voleibol de platja d’alt nivell. Per aconseguir-ho quatre estudis, emmarcats dintre de l’anàlisi del rendiment esportiu, es van dur a terme. Els resultats de les nostres investigacions mostren que el servei és una habilitat tècnica important en les disciplines del voleibol però no pot explicar per si mateixa el resultat d’un partit. No obstant això, sembla un element clau en la prevenció d’atacs contraris eficaços i el seu resultat està clarament influenciat per les habilitats executades en salt. Una execució reeixida del servei és una qüestió complexa, i té una component física, tècnica, estratègica i tàctica. Una correcta utilització d’aquesta habilitat tècnica és fonamental per desequilibrar el resultat d’un partit. Ara bé, altres aspectes han estat identificats també com a rellevants per tenir èxit en un partit de voleibol o voleibol de platjaThe ultimate goal of this Dissertation was to identify critical aspects of the use of service in high-level volleyball and beach volleyball. To address this purpose four studies on different aspects of service performance, framed into the field of performance analysis, were conducted. The results of our investigation show that service is a very important skill in volleyball disciplines but it cannot explain by itself the result of a match. Nevertheless, it seems a key element in preventing an effective attack. Service behavior and its ability to impair the opponent’s game is clearly influenced by jump abilities. The successful execution of the service is a complex issue, and has a physical, technical, strategic and tactical component. Proper use of this technical skill is capital in making the result of a match uneven. However, some other aspects have been identified as relevant to success in a volleyball or beach volleyball match.
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Lopez, Mary J. "COMFORT FACTORS IN GIRLS' VOLLEYBALL SHIRTS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275387.
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Johnston, David M. "Concentration routines among male college volleyball passers : a case study." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2274.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the makeup and use of concentration routines among male college volleyball passers. In addition, this study served to increase awareness of qualitative inquiry as a legitimate, scientific method of research for concentration routines. The research question addressed by this study was: What is the makeup of a concentration routine and how does a routine influence volleyball passing performance as perceived by the passer in men's collegiate volleyball?
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Soto, Raymond. "First Rules." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1991. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/636.
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Alnwick, Margot D. (Margot Deborah). "Self evaluation in volleyball : a cognitive approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68067.
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The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a self-evaluation instrument that students would be able to use to assess their metacognitive awareness of volleyball skill and knowledge. The Self Evaluation in Volleyball Questionnaire (SEV) was designed to include a series of self-evaluation items within the five areas identified in a knowledge-based approach to skill acquisition; namely: procedural, declarative, affective, metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive skill.The reliability, face and content validity of the SEV were found to be very acceptable. The scores on the SEV show that the questionnaire was easily understood by the students, but the students found certain sections were more difficult to answer. Students were categorized by their teacher into top, middle and bottom skill groups. Analysis of variance procedures showed that there were significant differences in SEV scores due to skill level, which demonstrated the value and the sensitivity of the SEV in differentiating such skill levels. Even though this was a descriptive study, it was also shown that the instructional programme did have a positive effect on the students' SEV scores.
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Zerger, Maggie Mae. "A study of movement in sitting-volleyball /." Read online, 2008. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/ZergerM2008.pdf.
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Linfati, Rodrigo <1983>. "Referee Assignment Problem Case: Italian Volleyball Championships." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4520/.
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This thesis addresses the formulation of a referee assignment problem for the Italian Volleyball Serie A Championships. The problem has particular constraints such as a referee must be assigned to different teams in a given period of times, and the minimal/maximal level of workload for each referee is obtained by considering cost and profit in the objective function. The problem has been solved through an exact method by using an integer linear programming formulation and a clique based decomposition for improving the computing time. Extensive computational experiments on real-world instances have been performed to determine the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Woods, Lionel. "Understanding How Elite Women Volleyball Players Learn." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28936.
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Learning to become an elite athlete is a long and complex journey. The process of developing a complete understanding of athlete learning may prove even longer and more intricate still. Researchers in motor learning have investigated how athletes learn through a variety of methods; however, there is an absence of qualitative studies on this topic, and studies that examine the actual learning processes of athletes. The purpose of the present study was therefore to better understand how elite women volleyball athletes have learned throughout their athletic life from the perspective of the athletes themselves. Ten high performance varsity and ex-varsity women volleyball athletes with national and international experience were interviewed. The research findings indicate that the athletes' ways of learning were influenced by their biographies, by a variety of learning situations that they experienced with both their coaches and their teammates, and by their use of personal reflection. The findings of this study suggest that an athlete's internal drive and desire to be the best, their ability to view all forms of disjuncture as opportunities to learn, and their willingness to seek out and accept feedback and coaching as important components in the complex process of learning. The findings also point to the need for the sport learning environment to continue to develop coaches with effective teaching and interpersonal skills as well as solid technical skills in their respective sports.
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Peeni, Manu H. "The effects of the front squat and back squat on vertical jump and lower body power index of Division 1 male volleyball players /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1892.pdf.
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Kong, Tsz Yeung. "Effects of unilateral and bilateral lower body plyometric training on jump ability and agility performance of young female volleyball players." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/512.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8-week unilateral and bilateral plyometric training program on jump ability and agility performance of young female volleyball players. Secondary school female volleyball players (N = 62, age = 14.56 ± 1.45 years, height = 159.14 ± 6.57 cm, weight = 53.55 ± 9.03 kg) were randomized and divided into three groups: the unilateral plyometric training group (UP), the bilateral plyometric training group (BP), and the control group (CON). For the UP and BP, the subjects completed 15 unilateral or bilateral plyometric training sessions over 8 weeks in addition to the regular volleyball training. For the CON, the subjects performed the regular volleyball training only. Pre-test and post-test were performed by all subjects before and after the intervention. The jump ability and agility performance were assessed by countermovement vertical jump (CVJ: double legs, right leg, and left leg), squat jump (SJ), 5 repeated block jumps (RBJ), standing long jump (SLJ), and T agility test. 2-way ANOVAs with repeated measures (3 groups x 2 times) were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that CVJ (right leg and left leg), RBJ, SLJ, and T agility test performance significantly increased (p < .05) after 8 weeks for both unilateral and bilateral training, but there were no differences (p > .05) between groups. Interaction effects (p < .05) existed for the CVJ (right leg), RBJ, and T agility test, indicating that from pre-test to post-test the UP had greater improvement than the CON. The CVJ (double legs) and SJ did not differ (p > .05) among types of training or from pre-test to post-test. It can be concluded that both unilateral and bilateral training are effective on improving most of the performance outcomes, but one program is not significantly better than the other in improving the jump ability and agility performance.
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Anderson, Grant. "Random Relational Rules." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2562.
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In the field of machine learning, methods for learning from single-table data have received much more attention than those for learning from multi-table, or relational data, which are generally more computationally complex. However, a significant amount of the world's data is relational. This indicates a need for algorithms that can operate efficiently on relational data and exploit the larger body of work produced in the area of single-table techniques. This thesis presents algorithms for learning from relational data that mitigate, to some extent, the complexity normally associated with such learning. All algorithms in this thesis are based on the generation of random relational rules. The assumption is that random rules enable efficient and effective relational learning, and this thesis presents evidence that this is indeed the case. To this end, a system for generating random relational rules is described, and algorithms using these rules are evaluated. These algorithms include direct classification, classification by propositionalisation, clustering, semi-supervised learning and generating random forests. The experimental results show that these algorithms perform competitively with previously published results for the datasets used, while often exhibiting lower runtime than other tested systems. This demonstrates that sufficient information for classification and clustering is retained in the rule generation process and that learning with random rules is efficient. Further applications of random rules are investigated. Propositionalisation allows single-table algorithms for classification and clustering to be applied to the resulting data, reducing the amount of relational processing required. Further results show that techniques for utilising additional unlabeled training data improve accuracy of classification in the semi-supervised setting. The thesis also develops a novel algorithm for building random forests by making efficient use of random rules to generate trees and leaves in parallel.
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Bjöörn, Christopher, and Jacob Johnsson. "Universe-defining rules." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4938.
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Abstrakt I detta arbete undersöks hur konceptet lek går att applicera på digitala spel och hur man presenterar ett fiktivt universum och de regler som definierar det universumet. Syftet med denna undersökning är att öka kvaliteten på digitala spel för spelare genom att öka förståelsen för hur sådana regler introduceras. Frågeställningen som ämnas att besvaras är “hur kan man introducera realistiska, semi-realistiska och fiktiva regler i ett spel?”. Undersökningen baseras delvis på analyser kring varför vissa introduktioner av regler ofta accepteras och andra inte, dels på utvärdering av en gestaltning och dels på tidigare forskning. Denna undersökning är indelad i två delar; en researchdel och en produktionsdel. För att besvara frågan har research skett kring vad som känns till sedan tidigare och ett digitalt spel har producerats där den stora regeln som skiljer verkligheten från detta fiktiva universum är paranormal aktivitet, eller spöken. Nyckelord: regler, magisk cirkel, inlevelse och spelproduktion. Abstract In this work the concept of play and how it may be applied to digital games and how to introduce a fictional universe and the rules that define that universe is being investigated. The purpose of this work is to increase the quality of digital games by increasing our understanding of how such rules may be introduced. The question to be answered is “how may realistic, semi-realistic and fictional rules be introduced in a digital game?”. This work is based partly on analyses on why some introductions of rules are often accepted and some often not, partly on evaluation of a product created by us and partly on earlier research. This work is split into two parts; one research part and one production part. To answer the question research about what is previously known has been conducted and a digital game has been produced where the main rule that separates the fictional universe from ours is paranormal activity, or ghosts. Keywords: Rules, magical circle, immersion and game production.Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.
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Rogers, Ryan A. "In-season strength and power changes in elite female volleyball players accompanying periodized strength and ballistic training." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1204196.
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Eight males participated in this study to examine the effects of an essential amino acid supplement, Rebuild 1111, on cortisol secretions induced by resistance training. Subjects were randomly allocated to either branched chain amino acids (BCAA) orplacebo (P) groups. The protocol followed a double blind cross-over design whereby both groups participated in three weeks of supplementation followed by a week of resistance training with continued supplementation. Within this week, four resistance training sessions occurred, each of which comprised three sets of six to eight repetitions of leg press, leg curl, leg extension, chest press, military press, latissimus pulldown, dumbbell curl, and tricep pushdown, at 75 - 80% of IRM. This protocol was repeated, consuming the alternative treatment, following a five week period with no supplement or training. Blood was drawn at baseline, after three weeks of supplementation (day 2 1), two days of training (day 24), four days of training (day 27), and 48 hours after final training session (day 28). Serum was analyzed for cortisol (C), testosterone (T), and creatine kinase (CK). Subjects were allocated to either light (Group A) or heavy (Group B) due to the high correlation (r = 0.736 to 0.966) between mass and the measured variables, and theheterogeneous nature of these two subgroups. A repeated measures ANOVA with a significant level set at p<0.05, found no difference between BCAA and P for either group for any of the measured variables. Group A however had consistently lower serum C and CK, and higher T and testosterone:cortisol ratio with BCAA supplementation. Group B hormone response was inconsistent with training and supplementation. Group B CK was consistently lower with BCAA supplementation. Conclusions: There is some evidence that BCAA supplementation may reduce the catabolic stress response and cellular breakdown due to resistance training. Further study investigating the effect of varied dose and mass of subjects is required to elucidate these findings further. For statistical significance, larger sample size is needed.School of Physical Education
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Bisseling, Robertus Wilhelmus. "Biomechanical determinants of the jumper's knee in volleyball." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University of Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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Allan, Michelle L. "Measuring Skill Importance in Women's Soccer and Volleyball." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2809.pdf.
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Baydock, Donna Anne. "Construction and validation of a volleyball proficiency test : cognitive and psychomotor domains." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25152.
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The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an assessment tool that could be used to determine the level of cognitive and psychomotor proficiency possessed at the introductory level of volleyball.
The proposed test was administered to 24 males and 24 females evenly stratified into three skill levels: elite, instructed and novice.
Analysis of variance was used to determine construct validity while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, kappa coefficient and Generalizability coefficient were all used to determine reliability of various components of the test. Correlation between test components was investigated as was the relationship between achievement of mastery and skill level as demonstrated by the Chi Square statistic.
Data analysis led to the conclusion that all test components were valid and reliable measures of introductory level volleyball skill with some caution being advised in the interpretation of the kappa coefficient. Test components were related but not redundant and nine of the 11 test components showed a significant relationship between achievement of mastery and skill level.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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PIZZOLATO, EDUARDO DE ANDRADE. "PROFESSIONALIZATION OF SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS: THE BRAZILIAN VOLLEYBALL CASE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5887@1.
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Na busca de um melhor desempenho de suas atividades,
observa-se um movimento constante das organizações no
sentido de aperfeiçoar a eficácia de suas gestões. Nesse
movimento, percebe-se que o profissionalismo surge como
consenso e requisito fundamental à sobrevivência e
crescimento de toda organização, inclusive para
organizações esportivas. Este trabalho aborda a
profissionalização da gestão de organizações esportivas no
Brasil e se propôs a identificar aspectos relativos ao
campo organizacional que afetam o processo de
profissionalização das organizações esportivas. O Voleibol
Brasileiro foi utilizado como estudo de caso, modalidade
que é considerada a mais bem organizada no país, e,
baseando-se em conceitos da Teoria Institucional, buscou-se
compreender a dinâmica do campo organizacional do Voleibol
no Brasil e sua influência no fenômeno da
profissionalização, justificando o posicionamento
estratégico de organizações esportivas. A pesquisa envolveu
entrevistas com representantes dos variados conjuntos de
atores pertencentes ao campo do Voleibol no Brasil, tais
como atletas, equipes, patrocinadores, federações, Governo,
entre outros. Os resultados demonstram que a
profissionalização surge entre valores, idéias e regras
sociais compartilhados entre os atores do campo, sendo
considerada importantes para o desempenho das atividades
das organizações esportivas e ao alcance de seus objetivos.
Apesar de considerada necessária, observa-se, contudo, que
há questionamentos quanto ao modo pelo qual a organização
esportiva deva implementar a profissionalização.In order to improve the performance of the activities, organizations continually move towards improvement of their management and structure. In this movement, professionalization rises as a consensus requirement to the survival and development of the organizations, including the sports organizations. This work`s theme is the professionalization of Brazilian sports organization`s management and has the main goal of identifying aspects of the organizational field that affect the process of professionalization of sports organizations. The Brazilian Volleyball was used as a case study, sport that is considered the best organized in the country. Concepts of the Institutional Theory have been considered in order to comprehend the Brazilian Volleyball organizational field`s dynamic and how it influences the process of professionalization, justifying the strategic move of the sports organizations. The research involved interviews with representatives of the Brazilian Volleyball organizational field`s groups of actors, such as players, teams, sponsors, federations, Government, within others. The results show that the professionalization rises within values, ideas and social rules shared by the actors of the field, and is considered important to improve the performance of sports organizations. Although it is a shared value, it has been noticed that there are divergences on the way the sports organization should adopt the professionalization of its management.
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Coniglio, Christine L., Austin Smith, Abdulmalek Bursais, Julia Kirkpatrick, Justin Taylor, and Jeremy A. Gentles. "Training Loads of a Division I Conference Volleyball Tournament." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5832.
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Ramphomane-Aandahl, Bonolo. "Gaze behaviour of volleyball players during successful serve reception." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021007.
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The aim of this study was to identify and compare the gaze behaviour of both advancement levels (Advanced and Not Advanced) and genders (female and male) during successful serve reception. A quantitative, exploratory and quasi-experimental research design was used in which 50 ToppVolley Norway student athletes aged 16 to 19 years were sampled. The gaze behaviour of junior volleyball athletes was assesed as they received two types of serves (1 float and 1 top spin jump serve) and performed a forearm and/or overhead pass to a setter’s target while wearing an ASL mobile eye tracker. Gaze characteristics such as fixation number, fixation duration and areas of interest were used to achieve the aim of the study. The study found that Advanced participants differed from the Not Advanced athletes in employing fewer (9.70 ± 1.14 versus 10.77 ± 3.63 , p<.05, d>.20 ) fixations but for longer durations per fixations (1.64 ± 0.20 versus 1.60 ± 0.34, p<.05, d>.20 ) in receiving the float serve. Contrary, for the reception of the top spin jump serve, the Advanced athletes employed more fixations (12.11 ± 2.40 versus 11.83 ± 2.17, p<.05, d>.20 ) but for shorter durations per fixations (1.57 ± 0.26 versus 1.65 ± 0.34 sec, p<.05, d>.20 ) than the Not Advanced athletes. Male athletes in this study were more experienced than their female counterparts (5.97 ± 1.62 years versus 4.75 ± 1.59 years, p<.05, d>.20 ) with males employing more fixations than the females (11.02 ± 3.63 versus 9.19 ± 1.55 and 12.26 ± 2.46 versus 11.36 ± 1.69, p<.05, d>.20 ) for the float and top spin serves respectively but for shorter durations per fixation (1.62 ± 0.27 versus 1.76 ± 0.29 sec (float) and 1.56 ± 0.32 versus 1.73 ± 0.28 sec (top spin) p<.05, d>.20 ) than the female athletes. These results and findings suggests that Advanced athletes for both serves attended to the most appropriate visual information through the top-down approach, their knowledge and past experiences. For gender differences, the results show that the female athletes employed fewer fixation points in receiving float serves, however the employment of fewer fixation points during the top spin jump serves was due to receiving serves characterised by easily identifiable trajectories and lower speeds. The contradicting finding of the Advanced athletes employing more fixation points for the top spin jump serve may be due to task complexity demands. Thirteen areas of interests were also identified. The combined results for both gender and advancement levels suggest that the athletes fixated on similar areas of interests, primarily the upper body and secondary on the ball (flight), serve reception phase, arrival at target and contact point. The aim and objectives of this study were achieved in that both absolute and relative values for number of fixations, duration of fixations and areas of interest fixated on, were established. However the outcome of comparisons made, were not all expected particularly that of the Advanced group for the top spin jump serve. Possible explanations were offered, but further research is required in this regard.
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Zhang, Haoning. "Indexed semantic mapping rules." Zurich : ETH, Swiss Federal Institut of Technology, Institute of Information Systems, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=449.
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Ingalls, Linda Kay. "Feature rules in TOPSS /." Connect to unofficial online version of: Feature rules in TOPSS, 2005. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/18757/1/IngallsLinda.pdf.
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Koh, Yun Sing, and n/a. "Generating sporadic association rules." University of Otago. Department of Computer Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070711.115758.
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Association rule mining is an essential part of data mining, which tries to discover associations, relationships, or correlations among sets of items. As it was initially proposed for market basket analysis, most of the previous research focuses on generating frequent patterns. This thesis focuses on finding infrequent patterns, which we call sporadic rules. They represent rare itemsets that are scattered sporadically throughout the database but with high confidence of occurring together. As sporadic rules have low support the minabssup (minimum absolute support) measure was proposed to filter out any rules with low support whose occurrence is indistinguishable from that of coincidence. There are two classes of sporadic rules: perfectly sporadic and imperfectly sporadic rules. Apriori-Inverse was then proposed for perfectly sporadic rule generation. It uses a maximum support threshold and user-defined minimum confidence threshold. This method is designed to find itemsets which consist only of items falling below a maximum support threshold. However imperfectly sporadic rules may contain items with a frequency of occurrence over the maximum support threshold. To look for these rules, variations of Apriori-Inverse, namely Fixed Threshold, Adaptive Threshold, and Hill Climbing, were proposed. However these extensions are heuristic. Thus the MIISR algorithm was proposed to find imperfectly sporadic rules using item constraints, which capture rules with a single-item consequent below the maximum support threshold. A comprehensive evaluation of sporadic rules and current interestingness measures was carried out. Our investigation suggests that current interestingness measures are not suitable for detecting sporadic rules.
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Secky, Frank Michael. "Wittgenstein, rules, and normativity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51796.pdf.
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Baldock, Emily. "Rules of non-enforcement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418838.
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Hsu, L. H. "Ethics and sports rules." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508932.
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Zaenen, Annie E. "Extraction rules in Icelandic." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=ADdcAAAAMAAJ.
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Badinger, Harald, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Determinants of fiscal rules." Taylor & Francis, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5478/1/Manuscript.pdf.
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This paper empirically assesses determinants of countries' fiscal rules suggested by the political
science, sociology, and economics literature. We find several of these variables to be related to
the stringency of fiscal rules, providing indirect evidence for the relevance of governments' deficit
bias. These determinants may also serve as instruments in models with (endogenous) fiscal rules
as explanatory variable.
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Kohlová, Zuzana. "Vývoj pravidel volejbalu a jeho vliv na rozvoj herních systémů a kombinací." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298170.
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TITLE: The development of voleyball rules and its influence on the gameplay and combinations ABSTRACT: The goal of my thesis is to study the influence of changes in volleyball rules on the developement of game systems and game combinations. In this paper I will attempt to answer and discuss the following scientific question: What influence have changes of the volleyball rules had on the developement of game systems and game combinations. I will chart the developement of volleyball rules from 1950 until present. I will study how the parametres of the playing field and its surroundings have changed. I will chart the developement of volleyball equipment, mainly the volleyball net and the ball. Based on studying the changes of volleyball rules, I will compare the developement of game systems and game combinations. I will compare the lengths of the games based on the changes of the rules. KEY WORDS: Volleyball, the rules of volleyball, game combinations in volleyball, game systems in volleyball.
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Pei-Ni, Tai, and 戴霈妮. "The Study of Rules and Regulations in University Basketball Association and University Volleyball league in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64491494182657445233.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
應用運動科學研究所
99
The purpose of this research was to investigate basketball and volleyball coaches’ satisfaction with the rules and regulations implemented in Chinese Taipei University Sports Federation (CTUSF) basketball and volleyball competitions. Utilizing customer satisfaction theory, a survey “Questionnaire of Rules and Regulations for Collegiate Sports” (QRRCS) was conducted and completed by 133 basketball coaches and 111 volleyball coaches. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to examine the distinct from different personal attributes on coaches’ satisfaction with current rules and regulations. Results of the study indicated that: (a) Basketball coaches have highest satisfaction with “Competition dates and sites” (M=3.13), followed by “Athlete qualification” (M=3.08) and “Championship structure” (M=2.93) in regulations and rules. (b) Volleyball coaches have highest satisfaction with “Competition dates and sites” (M=3.10), followed by “Championship structure” (M=2.75) and “Athlete qualification” (M=2.52) in regulations and rules. (c) There are no significant differences of basketball coaches’ satisfaction in rules and regulations. (d) There are significant differences of volleyball coaches’ satisfaction in “Athlete qualification” and “Championship structure”.
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Jelínková, Zuzana. "Vývoj pravidel volejbalu od počátku do současnosti." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446259.
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The first part of this thesis is addressing the general characteristics of volleyball including the game content and its mechanics. In the next part, the author aims to describe the important events of the volleyball history both in the world and in the Czech Republic specifically. The main part of the paper contains detailed information about the evolution of volleyball rules together with the most important adjustments from the beginning until today, in chronological order. The final part of the thesis compares the development of several chosen rules, outlining their advantages, disadvantages, and potential impacts on the game. Keywords: volleyball, rules, development, history, beginning, today, the Czech Republic, world
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Huang, Jui-Hung, and 黃瑞宏. "A Study of the Attention and State Anxiety of the Volleyball Referee''s on the Performance of Rule Enforcement." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23269782111578506169.
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碩士國立中正大學
運動與休閒教育所
97
The purpose of this study was to explore attention and state anxiety of the volleyball referee’s on the performance of rule enforcement. 205 Subjects were recruited by the national volleyball association of certified referees, Response rate 94%. The questionnaire was used by the attention scale, state anxiety inventory and the scale of the performance of rule enforcement. The questionnaire survey was used in this study. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, MANOVA, regression analysis and canonical correlation. The results were showed as following: 1. the situation of the volleyball referees on the performance of the rule enforcement: In terms of gender variables in the number of 167 men, 81.46%; in terms of age variables in the number of 21-30 year-old group of 105 people, accounting for 51.22%; in the educational attainment variable in bachelor group of 153 accounted for 74.63%; in occupational variables in governor & teacher groups of 80, accounting for 39.02%; in the referee-level variables in national C-class referee group of 96 people, accounting for 46.83%; in the years of service variables under 3 years group of 78 people, accounting for 38.05%; in regional variables in the southern region group of 79 people, accounting for 38.54%; on whether volleyball players variable in 144 the number of former volleyball players, accounting for 70.24%. 2. Exploring the different demographic variables when the volleyball referees on the performance of rule enforcement between referee''s attention and state anxiety differences: (1) the attention of men more than women, and men''s degree of anxiety lower than women; (2) younger, practicing for the students, the state C-class, service junior who has lesser degree of attention, higher level of state anxiety, lower performance of the rule enforcement. 3. Volleyball referee enforcement, the prediction on the attention and state anxiety of the performance of rule enforcement: (1) the attention of enforcement capacity factors on the performance of (self-rating) have better predictive power, the attention of enforcement capacity for the positive performance, that is, attention capacity the higher the better the performance of rule enforcement; (2) attention to sustainability factors on the performance of rule enforcement (he assessment) has good prediction power, the attention of sustainability performance of rule enforcement for the positive, which means sustained attention to edge higher, the better the performance of rule enforcement; (3) the anxiety of the rule enforcement body has good prediction performance, and somatic anxiety factors on the performance of rule enforcement for the negative, which means higher somatic anxiety, the worse the performance of rule enforcement. 4. To explore the volleyball referee enforcement attention and the relationship between state anxiety: attention and state anxiety showed a negative correlation, the higher the degree of attention, the lower the level of state anxiety.
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Liao, Te Chin, and 廖德秦. "Kinematic Analysis of the Jump Serve of Male Beach Volleyball and Volleyball." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15119816425443208868.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育學院
教練研究所
89
Kinematic Analysis of the Jump Serve of Male Beach Volleyball and Volleyball Abstract Service is the first round attack in a volleyball game, it is also an aggressive skill of taking immediate advantage and gaining direct points. Since FIVB modified the rules to"Rally Point System"in 1999, the game is almost depended on how many points the team can get when serving. Therefore, the aggression and precision of service appear more important than before. This study, based on kinematics, tries to make a quantitative analysis of the elements that affect jump service to explore the difference in jump service between beach volleyball and volleyball and establish a mode of jump service movements for coaches'' reference in future training and instruction. This study recruited two male players with ability of jump service in beach volleyball and volleyball as subject. Their average age is 21 years old, average height 1.81m, and average weight 71kg. By analyzing the film of their jump service movements in beach volleyball and volleyball with a Panasonic AG-450 high-speed video camera at the speed of 60 fields per second, the results digitalized by Peak Performance System are listed as follows: 1.During the approach: The distance of approach, the distance of the last approach step, the distance between two feet at take-off, the velocity of approach, and the angle of back lean in beach volleyball are significantly smaller than those in volleyball. In order to diminish the back-and-forth, left-and-right, up-and-down waving movement of the subject''s center of gravity, smaller step movements are applied on the sand. Owing to the smaller step span, the approach velocity is lower and the back lean angle is smaller when compared with those in volleyball. 2.During the take-off: It is obvious that the buffer time at the take-off in beach volleyball is longer and the horizontal displacement in treading and strecting is smaller when compared with those in volleyball. This indicates beach volleyball loses more horizontal velocity and motive momentum of the buffer time. Therefore, its horizontal displacement is smaller, and the instant vertical velocity and resultant velocity at the take-off are much lower compared with those in volleyball. At the greatest buffer, the crouch is shallower and the subject''s bend is less, both of which are helpful to the development of horizontal velocity. 3.In the air: It is obvious that when the subjects hit the ball in the air, their hip angular displacement and the altitude of the ball hitting point in beach volleyball is smaller than those in volleyball. The vertical velocity at take-off on the sand is small, affecting the altitude of the ball hitting point. The soar altitude is lower and the stay in the air is too short to make enough hip joints stretch. Therefore, beach volleyball players often make wrong judgment after take-off and fail to hit the ball at the highest point.
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WU, Wen-Chung, and 吳文鐘. "A Study of Exercise Participation Motivation in Beach Volleyball for Women Volleyball Players." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13875128142153560626.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所
104
Beach volleyball and indoor volleyball Six tied for the modern Olympic transport official event, today's movement all over the world brought strong business atmosphere, especially beach volleyball and more business benefits features. Athletes participate in sports events different reasons, different players have different goals and motivations to participate, which may produce small attitudes, motivations, ranging from different influences athletic performance, etc. These differences may also lead to the rise and fall sports. Therefore, this study aims to understand the domestic public college women's volleyball players to participate in the first stage of the motivation of the relevant circumstances beach volleyball, and analyze factors affecting contestants why. In this study, using the reference city Yang Qin, Chen embarked (2004) prepared by the "college student volleyball participation Motivation Scale" as a research tool for academic year 104 college women's volleyball league registration open first-class players for the 12 teams a total of 166 research Reliability and Validity 30 parts by issuing questionnaires after forecasting; object. Formal questionnaire in college volleyball league complex, during the final 105 years March 26 to March 27 issued a questionnaire survey was real effective sample of 144 were returned 86.7%. In this study, questionnaires descriptive statistics, independent sample t test statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and other data analysis. The results found are as follows: First, the analysis results are displayed on participation in beach volleyball, there is no significant difference between public and private schools women's volleyball players. Second, whether it is in the school system property, faculties categories, each grade category, school district, school volleyball team and years of experience to participate in beach volleyball, each of the groups had no significant differences.
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Friend, Lori J. "The effects of training load on mood state and vertical jump factors in collegiate athletes." 2007. http://www.oregonpdf.org/index.cfm.
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LEE, WEN-YU, and 李雯瑜. "Front Row Spike Comparative Analysis of The Male Indoor Volleyball and the Beach Volleyball." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33464110232044499343.
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碩士國立東華大學
體育與運動科學系
99
The purpose of this research is to compare the front row spike kinematics parameters of the indoor volleyball and the beach volleyball. This research takes 5 first-level college male volleyball players as the subjects, and a Mega the Speed optics camera as testing machine, to collect related data of the subjects’ spike movements, the parameters of which are analyzed with the software package of SPSS for the windows 17.0 edition. Statistics and analysis through dependent sample t-test show that the remarkable level α=.05. Through data treatment and result analysis, it is discovered: The end velocity in approach phase of the indoor volleyball is faster than the beach volleyball, mainly because the site condition of indoor volleyball is less limited, and the end velocity in approach phase is also greater. During the approach process of beach volleyball, the second stride is smaller than the indoor volleyball. In order to maintain the body center of gravity, the player will advance with a smaller approach stride at a slower speed, in order to maintain a stable take-off movement. Beach volleyball requires deeper squats, so the knee joint angle is smaller than the indoor volleyball, mainly to increase the reacting force for stretching support. All subjects apply treading and jumping take-off, during which the right knee and right ankle joint angle is smaller than the left knee and left ankle joint angle. The approach speed is quicker, the latter arm swing angle is bigger, so arm swing angle for the indoor volleyball is bigger than the beach volleyball. The instant liftoff movement to take off is similar between the beach volleyball and the indoor volleyball, both would exert effort at the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint in order, with the joint angle changing from large to small. Players move more slowly in beach volleyball due to the site difference. The player must stretch the leg after the body keeps stable, which makes the take-off liftoff vertical velocity more slowly than the indoor volleyball. The jumping height and ball batting height of the indoor volleyball is bigger than the beach volleyball. As related consecutive actions, bowing movement and arm waving movement are influenced by jumping height. The beach football requires a larger bowing anger than the indoor volleyball; the horizontal placement of center of gravity in indoor volleyball is bigger than the beach football; the arm waving angle in the beach volleyball is bigger than the indoor volleyball. Both the arm waving movements conform to the dynamic principle, and the speed is getting faster and faster. the overall speed of arm waving movement in indoor volleyball is obviously faster than the beach volleyball.
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鄭添財. "Volleyball Training and Strategy Application." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69699887444562195087.
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碩士國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
教練研究所
96
In 1895 volleyball was created in the U.S. as a pastime. After over one hundred years’ development, it has become a game played around the world rather than a leisure activity. Playing volleyball game places emphases on the application of mind power, skill, tactics, speed, and body, as well as the most important: morale. Therefore, studying how to improve those elements is essential. The author uses his experience, what he has learned from courses and data collected from various sources to write this thesis. The findungs of this study were summarized as follows: I. Introduction: The origin and development of volleyball; the development of volleyball in Taiwan; the current development of volleyball in the world. II. Basic skill analysis and application: Description of basic skill concept; emphasis on basic skill analysis; categorization, variation, application, and training of skills from setting up, serving, digging, attacking, to blocking. III. Volleyball related tactics analysis and application: Description of volleyball related basic tactics analysis; the importance of improving individual tactics. IV. Physical training and instruction: Description of the definition and importance of physical training. V. Mind power training and instruction: Description of players’ psychological conditions; using psychological methods to help players enhance their performances. VI. Training programs and description: Description of the concept, content, and development of training programs; arrangements for and examples of training programs of different periods; reasonable implementation plans. VII. Team organization and health management: Description of theories and principles of team organization and health management; explorations of volleyball related common sports injuries and prevention measures. VIII. Conclusions.
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Yen, Ya-Ting, and 嚴雅婷. "Timing the volleyball jump serve." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/775egg.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
97
Volleyball jump serve is a skilled technique which needs precise timing to make a successful serve. Although the skill generates higher velocity, but the low success rate often prevent the national level of female players from using this powerful skill in the game. Most of the literatures on volleyball jump serves emphasized on improving the quality of the serve, therefore the focus of this study was to explore the key elements in the success/ failure jump serves from a movement timing perspective. The movement was captured by two high speed cameras (200 fps), and was digitized using the Kwon 3D movement analysis software. A successful trial was defined to be served clear the net and landed into a effective zone (4m × 3m) whereas failing to pass the net was defined as the failure . Ten successful serves for each participant were collected and analyzed for each type of serves, and 10 or less failure trials for each service type were collected for each participant. Exp 1 examined the differences between different types of over-the-shoulder standing serves and 2 different skill levels each with 6 players to investigate the timing strategy of the serves used by the non-elite players and the timing characteristics of success/failure standing serves. The results showed that although standing serves were more difficult for the non-elite players, the timing characteristics and movement stability showed no differences between skill levels and the type of serves for the successful serves under the constraint of effective zone. The low relative height and the small vertical velocity of the wrist at ball strike were the main causes of failure. A successful standing serve was mostly achieved by timing the backswing of the forearm. When the ball was tossed higher, the window of ball strike would be smaller therefore increased the possibility of failure. Individual players often had their specific timing patterns and cause of failure serves. Exp 2 examined the jump serves of the elite players and compared the corresponding data from Exp1. The results showed that jump serves had higher ball velocity but lower successful rate than the standing serves. The higher tossing height and the jump movement of the jump serves made a smaller window for the ball strike therefore a more difficult service skill than the standing serve. The causes of failure for the jump serves were similar to those of the standing serves. Individual analyses on the timing strategies revealed that the approach phase and the jump phase were the 2 key periods of timing adjustment. There were many variables that affect jump serve, and the players continuously made the adjustments in the process, so it is impossible to identify a simple, single factor that caused the failure but rather a combination of several factors may have contributed to one failure jump serve. The conclusions were as follow: 1. Under the constraint of effective zone, there were no significant difference between skill level and serve type on the movement timing and its stability. 2. The ball tossing height and the jump movement reflected the relationship between ball strike window and the task difficulty, showing the jump serve was a more difficult skill than the standing serve. Arm swing was the common element of different serve types. To ensure a successful serve, the timing before the arm swing must be well adjusted in order to maintain the stability of arm swing. The main timing adjustment in standing serves was the backswing of the forearm, and for the jump serves, the approach phase and the height of jump were the 2 main timing adjustment methods. 3. The lower relative height at ball strike and the small angle of ball flight were the ultimate causes for failure serves. Many factors prior to the ball strike could contribute to these final causes. We suggest to analyze individual movement characteristics to better understand the main reasons for failure serves and design individual training program to improve the jump serve performances.
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Lin, Ya-Fen, and 林雅芬. "Volleyball Injury Prevention Information System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48605102835366755550.
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碩士國立中興大學
運動與健康管理研究所
103
The purpose of this study was to explore how to design and build-up an integrated information System of volleyball injury and related health education. The main function of this system includes injury and protection knowledge about volleyball. Volleyball injuries through cognitive learning and build self-exam test systems for testing and validation study results, and the overall movement of the relevant sports injury prevention health education in order to facilitate the movement of self-management and management information required to establish, conduct an overall analysis of digital systems design and programming. Volleyball Information System established by the cognitive damage data digital learning and collection mechanism and injury prevention health education through sports applications more efficiently enhance engaged volleyball injury prevention and self-management skills to maintain health.
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Bumbera, Rumi Isogai. "Functional volleyball spike-jump landing biomechanics and injury incidence of adolescent female club volleyball athletes." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20652.
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Lee, Ju-Ping, and 李如平. "The Study of Volleyball Skill Performance of 103 Academic Year Level One University Volleyball League." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56328854756536125029.
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碩士輔仁大學
體育學系碩士在職專班
104
The Study of Volleyball Skill Performance of 103 Academic Year Level One University Volleyball League Graduate Student: Lee, Ju-Ping Advisor: Professor.Chen, Tai-Cheng Abstract The purpose of this study was to discuss the volleyball skill performance of 103 academic year level one university volleyball league. The skill performance data which used to analysis the differences of players’ defense and offense skills was collected from Chinese Taipei University Sports Federation. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe’ to test the differences. The main findings were as follows: 1. There were significant differences on spike, block, serve, service return, defense, and set between men and female players. 2. There were significant differences on spike, block, serve, service return, defense, and set between men’s teams. 3. There were significant differences on spike, and set between female’s teams. These results can be a good reference for coaches to understand the strengths and weakness of teams, and used to enhance players’ skill performances. Keywords: Skill Performance, Defense, Spike
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Huang, Hsing-Yu, and 黃幸玉. ""Challenging the Stars of Japanese Women’s Volleyball"：A Narrative Inquiry to a Former Taiwan Player’s Career in Volleyball"Challenging the Stars of Japanese Women’s Volleyball"：A Narrative Inquiry to a Former Taiwan Player’s Career in Volleyball." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02921905056107619580.
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碩士台北巿立體育學院
運動科學研究所
95
This paper takes a narrative approach in telling the life story of a former woman volleyball player who will go by the (anonymous) name of ‘Big Gun.’ In detailing her life story, the paper will cover key events that changed and affected her athletic career. The paper will seek to understand the value and significance of these events. In the course of the narrative, I conduct an in-depth interview with the subject ‘Big Gun’ to collect the facts surrounding her athletic career. The interview is first recorded before transcribing the content and then proceeding with analysis and conclusions. After the introduction in the first chapter, the second and third chapters elucidate the paper’s research method and course. The fourth chapter details “Big Gun’s” life story through first-hand accounts from the athlete herself. The content reveals the true emotions and experiences of the subject, making it a more readable paper. The fifth chapter offers analysis and hermeneutics, offering layouts and interpretations in both chronological and non-chronological dimensions. The sixth and final chapter offers further reflections and suggestions. I hope that, through writing and an in-depth analysis, this research will be able to offer a story of the life experiences of a Taiwanese athlete and give Taiwanese people a feeling for the beauty of the fruits of athletic sacrifice. “Big Gun” worked hard to break through her family’s tendency to esteem sons over daughters in becoming a member of Taiwan’s national volleyball team; her accomplishments were the highest of any woman player in the history of volleyball in Taiwan. As a member of the Tai Power women’s volleyball team, her performance outshone others enough to have her sent to Japan for further development. When she reached the pinnacle of her career, she then chose to return to school for further studies. After graduating she returned to Taiwan to get married and settle down while continuing to work with others to help develop volleyball in Taiwan. In her narrative, we get a glimpse into both the joys and sorrows of a top-flight athlete when taking part in competition, which offers a story full of vitality. The written account of Big Gun’s narrative helps us analyze the key events in an athlete’s struggle to the top and the influence they had on shaping her career. The principal narrative and written archives will give further researchers a base to continue looking into the lives of athletes and help to more vividly bring to life the true accounts of these athletes. Taiwan Yahoo General Manager Jhou Kai-lian said in 2007 that sometimes a person has to get away from comfortable surroundings and not be afraid to face unknown challenges in order to discover his or her true potential. These could be words of encouragement for all those like Big Gun out there who want to find ways to challenge themselves and write their own success stories.
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Chang, Cheng-chihg, and 張振興. "Multiple Regression of Volleyball-related Physical Fitness and Spiking performance of Excellent Women Volleyball Players Nowadays." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27760162684095964265.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
92
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and inference between the volleyball-related physical fitness and the spiking performance of excellent women volleyball players of our country. This research is based on 36 players from the final top 4 and the eighth teams of women first-class college volleyball league competition in the academic year 2002, including first six starters and second-string players that play above 1 set. According to former bibliographies, the volleyball-related Physical Fitness are independent variables, which include one 30 meter dash, two running vertical jumps, three 9m＊3 shuttle runs, four v-set reach tests, five badminton throwing, six one-minute sit-ups, and seven 800 meter runs, and we take the average (Y) of the spiking performance (Y=score of total spikings) as dependent variables. Then we proceed the multiple stepwise regression with these independent and dependent variables. The result shows: (1) 30 meters dash, running vertical jump (-0.8549*), and badminton throwing (-0.7702*) are of high correlation with spiking performance (-0.8767*). Though running vertical jump and badminton throwing are highly correlated with spiking performance, but the results of the test didn’t achieve the distinguished level (*P<.05) (2)The result of the multiple stepwise regression shows that 30 meters dash, running vertical jump and badminton throwing can predict or explain 92.03%(R2 )of total variance on spiking performance. Moreover, running vertical jump has an unique contribution of 87.61%. After the testing, we establish a regression formula which evaluates volleyball-related physical fitness to main score skills performance as following: Y=1.3503＋0.0280x2＋0.5003x5－0.7252x1. (3)According to the result of multiple stepwise regression, we adduce the path analysis of causual model to calculate three exemplary fitness variables that affect spiking performance, including the “total inference” of badminton throwing (0.5752), 30 meter dash (-0.4337) and running vertical jump (0.3759). Therefore, we are aware of that 30 meter dash, running vertical jump and badminton throwing are correlated to spiking performance, and running vertical jump has the most unique contribution to the importance and predictance of spiking performance. I hope this result of my research can be a reference when volleyball coaches choosing their team players and when proceeding the fitness trainings. Keywords：Volleyball-related Physical Fitness、Spiking performance
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Molenaar, Amy J. "A comparison of conditioning levels between off-season and competition season for Division II women's volleyball." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1462722.
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Teitelbaum, Selene Benita. "Adherence and physiological responses to an unsupervised summer training program for a collegiate women's volleyball team." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Bemidji State University, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-81). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.