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1

Dunion, Kevin. A Scottish Parliament and overseas aid: Scope for a distinctive approach? [Edinburgh]: University of Edinburgh, Centre of African Studies, 1991.

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2

The scope of the rule locus regit actum in the conflict of laws. [Helsinki?]: Richard Tötterman, 2007.

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3

Bebchuk, Lucian Arye. Information and the scope of liability for breach of contract: The rule of Hadley v. Baxendale. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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Aguilar, Narciso M. Remedial law: Basic provisions annotated : scope, the rules of civil procedure, with amendments as of 2007. 2nd ed. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply, 2009.

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Aguilar, Narciso M. Remedial law: Basic provisions annotated : scope, the rules of civil procedure, with amendments as of 2007. 2nd ed. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply, 2009.

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Aguilar, Narciso M. Remedial law: Basic provisions annotated : scope, the rules of civil procedure, with amendments as of 2007. 2nd ed. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply, 2009.

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Aguilar, Narciso M. Remedial law: Basic provisions annotated : scope, the rules of civil procedure, with amendments as of 2007. 2nd ed. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply, 2009.

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8

Market, Caribbean Common. Rules of origin of the Caribbean Common Market: An explanation of its scope and operational features. [Georgetown, Guyana]: Caribbean Community Secretariat, 1990.

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9

Court, Philippines Supreme. Remedial law: Basic provisions annotated : scope, Ordinary civil actions, rules 1-56, Provisional remedies, rules 57-61, Special civil actions, rules 62-71. Sta. [i.e. Santa] Cruz, Manila: Central Book Supply, 2004.

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10

1954-, Li Yen-hui Audrey, ed. Syntax of scope. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1993.

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11

United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. Scope in practice. London: UKCC, 1997.

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12

Moore, Elizabeth. High / Scope report. London: VOLCOF, 1987.

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13

Lutz, Uli, Gereon Müller, and Arnim von Stechow, eds. Wh-Scope Marking. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.37.

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14

Liu, Fengh-Hsi. Scope and specificity. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 1997.

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15

Legal Aid (Scope) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1993 (Statutory Rule: 1993: 137). Stationery Office Books, 1993.

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16

Sarah, Worthington. Part II United Kingdom, 11 The Scope and Application of the Anti-Deprivation Rule. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755371.003.0011.

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This chapter begins by explaining why anti-deprivation rules are important. These anti-deprivation rules are designed to prevent parties from contracting out of the insolvency legislation. In particular, an insolvent cannot agree to a depletion or distribution of its property other than in accordance with the statutory insolvency distribution scheme. The chapter describes the Lehman context as it relates to the anti-deprivation rule, the relevant UK rules (all non-statutory),the basis of the UK Supreme Court’s findings in the Lehman litigation, and the various questions which remain difficult—sometimes exceedingly so—yet which may well need to be resolved should the issues reappear in future litigation.
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17

Benbaji, Yitzhak. Pre-emptive Rules and the Scope of Defensive Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495657.003.0003.

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This essay advances a morality of defensive harm, which I call “Rule-SD.” Rule-SD resolves in a new way two types of difficult cases. It entails that if certain conditions are met, a defender has the right to kill a man who is innocently falling on her, if this is necessary for her survival. Moreover, Rule-SD yields the “free competition resolution” in some symmetrical cases; it implies that two people who innocently threaten each other might have a right to kill each other if necessary for their survival. Rule-SD’s core claim is that a defender’s right of self-defense might arise from a “pre-emptive rule” rather than from facts about the liability of the attacker. In those cases, the defender is subject to a rule that permits self-preference.
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John, Choong. 11 Early Dismissal of Claims and Defences: (SIAC Rule 29). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198810650.003.0011.

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This chapter addresses one of the main changes in the 2016 Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules: the introduction of Rule 29 on the early dismissal of claims and defences. The 2010 SIAC Arbitration Rules did not contain any equivalent provision. The chapter begins with an introduction to early dismissal mechanisms in arbitration generally, in Part A. It then addresses the scope of Rule 29 in Part B, followed by an examination of the procedural aspects of Rule 29 in Part C. Parts D and E examine the discretion of the tribunal in deciding whether to grant a Rule 29 application and the tribunal's decision at the conclusion of the Rule 29 proceedings, respectively.
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19

Roger, Halson. 2 The Modern ‘Penalty’ Rule. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198785132.003.0002.

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Prior to decision of the UK’s Supreme Court in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Makdessi; ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis (Consumers’ Association Intervening), (the Cavendish case) in 2015, the principles underlying the law relating to contractual liquidated damages and penalty clauses was last examined by the UK’s highest appellate court over 100 years ago in Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd. The breadth and scope of the decision is obvious from the different commercial contexts of the two conjoined appeals in the Cavendish case. This chapter analyses the Supreme Court’s decision in these cases, covering the requirement of breach, applying the test for a penalty, the application of the penalty rule to obligations other than to make payments, and the relationship between the penalty rule and the equitable relief against forfeiture.
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20

Crysmann, Berthold. Inferential-realizational morphology without rule blocks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712329.003.0008.

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The chapter outlines a formal theory of inferential-realizational morphology that eliminates (ordered) rule blocks. I show that rule blocks not only stand in the way of a more general treatment of variable morphotactics, but that they also artificially restrict the scope of Pāṇinian competition, effectively ruling out operation at a distance. Instead, it argues for a purely information-based model of global competition that reconciles competition with extended exponence by means of a distinction between realization and allomorphic conditioning. It shows, in particular, that arbitrary decisions with respect to this distinction can be eliminated, once Carstairs’s (1987) notion of Pure Sensitivity has been turned into a formal principle of our theory. Finally, the chapter shows how Information-based Morphology can account for symmetric cases of extended exponence by simultaneous introduction of exponents since the theory is able to capture many-to-many relations between form and function at the level of individual rules.
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21

Hooghe, Marc, Michael S. Lewis-Beck, and Ruth Dassoneville. Electoral Rules and Electoral Behaviour: The Scope of Effects. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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22

Lord, McNair. Part III The Scope of Operation of Treaties, Ch.XVI The General Rule: Pacta Tertiis Nec Nocent Nec Prosunt. Oxford University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198251521.003.0016.

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23

Cursi, Floriana. The Scope and Function of Civil Wrongs in Roman Society. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.49.

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The earliest evidence of Roman delicts is to be found in the rules of the XII Tables which introduced the first types of delict and obligation. From these rules the Roman lawyers did not develop a general law of delict governing the delictual liability. The Roman system of delicts was in fact typical: with new delicts emerging until the first century BC. Simultaneously, during the final Republican period, the praetor introduced some actions for reparation of damage, later included by Justinian in quasi delict category. But the Roman system of delicts, was too typical to ensure the total reparation of the private damages deriving from an unlawful conduct. So actio de dolo was introduced to repair the loss caused by dolus, in case of absence of any specific delictual action. This was a subsidiary remedy, which filled the gaps of the typical system of actions.
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24

John, Choong. 9 The Conduct of Proceedings: (SIAC RULES 19 TO 26). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198810650.003.0009.

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This chapter addresses the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules governing the conduct of proceedings in a SIAC arbitration. It begins by enumerating the general principles (Rule 19) in Part A, followed by specific rules governing: the parties' written submissions (Rule 20) in Part B; the choice of seat (Rule 21) and language (Rule 22) in parts C and D, respectively; the parties' representatives (Rule 23) in Part E; the conduct of hearings (Rule 34) in Part F; witness evidence (Rule 25) in Part G; and the use of tribunal-appointed experts (Rule 26) in Part H. Notably, while the SIAC Rules leave considerable scope for the parties to determine how their arbitration should be conducted, the SIAC Rules (and in particular Rules 19.1, 20.1, and 25.3) have been amended in recent years to make clear that the tribunal has full authority to conduct the arbitration as it considers appropriate.
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25

John, Choong. 19 SIAC Investment Rules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198810650.003.0019.

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In 2017, the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) released separate rules for investment arbitration: the SIAC Investment Arbitration Rules (SIAC IA Rules). This chapter addresses the new SIAC IA Rules, which entered into force on 1 January 2017. It begins in Part A with an introduction to the SIAC IA Rules. Part B then examines the key provisions of the SIAC IA Rules in more detail. These include scope of application (Rule 1), constitution of the tribunal (Rules 5 to 9, 12, 13), third-party funding (Rules 24, 33 and 35), early dismissal of claims and defences (Rule 26), third party intervention (Rule 29), and confidentiality and transparency (Rules 37 and 38).
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26

Solimano, Andrés, and Diego Calderón Guajardo. The copper sector, fiscal rules, and stabilization funds in Chile: Scope and limits. UNU-WIDER, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2017/277-9.

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27

Paul, Torremans. Part I Introduction, 1 Definition, Nature and Scope of Private International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199678983.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of the definition, nature, and scope of private international law. It first considers the space and time dimensions of private international law as well as three questions with which private international law is always concerned, namely: jurisdiction of the English court, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, and the choice of law. It then explains the meaning of foreign law and the international variety of private international law rules before discussing two possible ways in which the lack of unanimity among the various systems of private international law may be ameliorated: unification of internal laws and unification of the rules of private international law. In particular, it examines the Europeanisation of private international law and the impact of European Convention on Human Rights on private international law. Finally, it addresses the issue of the name or title of the subject in private international law.
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28

Danae, Azaria. 3 The Scope and Content of Obligations Regarding Transit of Energy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198717423.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 analyses the scope and content of treaty obligations regarding transit, revealing a variety of primary rules. The exercise in this chapter assists in the determination of when and how a breach of transit obligations takes place, thus providing the framework for the discussion in all the following chapters. Treaty obligations regarding transit are classified as obligations of conduct or of result. Finally, security exceptions in the GATT, the ECT and other language in bespoke pipeline agreements and the Model Inter-Governmental Pipeline Agreement prepared by the Energy Charter Secretariat, is examined with a view to establishing whether they constitute special circumstances precluding wrongfulness displacing countermeasures under customary international law or whether they form part of primary obligations incumbent on treaty parties.
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29

Simon, Morris. 7 Rules and Principles. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199688753.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the structure and interpretation of the principles and rules made by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) that govern the operation of persons subject to the UK system of financial regulation. The respective powers of the FCA and PRA to make rules applying to authorised persons are assessed. The main rules, and their application to FCA- and PRA-authorised persons, are displayed in a table. Consideration is given to the influence of EU legislation on UK conduct of business rules. Guidance is provided on how to interpret a rule, and the possible consequences of breach of a rule. The regulators’ power to waive or modify a rule following the application of an authorised person, and the scope of the FCA’s option to give guidance regarding rules, are also discussed. Finally, the FCA’s principles for business and the PRA’s fundamental rules are assessed.
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30

Bar Hopper Handbook: Scam a Drink, Score a Date, and Rule the Night. Chronicle Books LLC, 2014.

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31

Gerard, McMeel. Part I The General Part, 5 External Context: Surrounding Circumstances, ‘Matrix’, and ‘Background’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755166.003.0005.

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This chapter turns to the ‘external context’. Firstly, the chapter describes the traditional rule that surrounding circumstances are taken into account. Secondly, it traces how that traditional rule evolved into the modern approach of having regard to the wider legal and factual matrix, through the seminal speeches of Lord Wilberforce to Lord Hoffmann's restatement of the governing principles in Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society. Thirdly, the scope of the exclusionary rules is examined in the light of the two leading cases of Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society and Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd. Finally, consideration is given to arguments for further liberalization of the admissibility rules.
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32

Burris, Scott, Micah L. Berman, Matthew Penn, and, and Tara Ramanathan Holiday. State and Local Public Health Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190681050.003.0010.

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This chapter explores the authority of state and local governments to regulate public health at their respective levels. First, the chapter explains the states’ broad “police powers” and the related Jacobson v. Massachusetts Supreme Court decision. It then details local public health powers and how those interact with state powers. The chapter contrasts two rules that set the scope of local public health authority in different states: Dillon’s Rule and home rule. The chapter then discusses state preemption, and it concludes by explaining how state executive branches can create administrative agencies and delegate authority to them.
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33

Yamagishi, Toshio. Individualism-Collectivism, the Rule of Law, and General Trust. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0011.

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In the absence of legal protection, people establish collectivist social orders by forming strong ties with closely related individuals. When legal institutions which safeguard people’s rights outside closed relationships do not function, the need for mutual protection within a network of strong ties increases. Individualistic pursuits of opportunities outside the security of closed relationships requires universalistic legal protection. The rule of law thus promotes individualistic social orders that free people from dependence on such networks of strong ties to survive. This chapter proposes that in societies where the rule of law is deeply established, general trust encourages opportunity-seeking activities mediated by weak ties. Macro-level data show a positive correlation between general trust and the national mean individualism score. Furthermore, the degree of a nation’s political stability is positively linked to general trust in countries with a firm rule of law, but not in countries with a weak one.
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34

Mark, Mangan, Reed Lucy, and Choong John. 9 Jurisdiction of the Tribunal. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199657216.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the jurisdiction of the Tribunal in the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) arbitration. SIAC Rule 25 confirms the power of the Tribunal to rule on its own jurisdiction with respect to the existence, termination, or validity of the arbitration agreement. If a party objects to the existence or validity of the arbitration agreement, or to the competence of SIAC to administer arbitration, a plea that the Tribunal is exceeding the scope of its jurisdiction shall be raised promptly after the Tribunal has indicated its intention to decide on the matter believed to be beyond the scope of its jurisdiction.
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35

Andrew, Dickinson. Part IV Freedom of Choice and Common Rules, 14 Scope of the Law Applicable under the Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199289684.003.0014.

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36

Committee of Canadian Architectural Councils., ed. Canadian rules for the conduct of architectural competitions: In Canada and of provincial, interprovincial, national and international scope. [S.l.]: Committee of Canadian Architectural Councils, 1988.

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37

Gilles, Cuniberti. Ch.3 Validity, s.3: Illegality, Art.3.3.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0073.

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This commentary focuses on Article 3.3.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning contracts that infringe mandatory rules. Art 3.3.1 governs a specific aspect of the mandatory rules regime, namely the effect that their infringement produces on a contract. The relevant mandatory rules, however, are not set forth in the PICC; rather, the PICC defer to the binding norms from which such rules originate. Thus, the definition of what constitutes illegal conduct is to be found in those binding norms. Similarly, Art 3.3.1 defers to Art 1.4 PICC with respect to the applicability of any mandatory rule, which, in turn, defers to the relevant rules of private international law. This commentary discusses the scope of application of Art 3.3.1, with particular emphasis on the effects of mandatory rules whether or not expressly prescribed, effects upon the contract and remedies under the contract, and the importance of mandatory rules.
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38

Trevor C, Hartley. Part I General and Introductory, 2 International and Territorial Application. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729006.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the scope of the Brussels 2012, Lugano 2007, and the Hague Convention. This is an important issue because if a case is outside their scope, they will not apply. It considers the international and territorial aspects: the rule that the instruments apply only in situations with an international element; and the fact that they apply only to particular territories. All three instruments apply in the European Union as part of EU law. Their territorial scope is, first and foremost, to be determined by looking at the EU Treaties. In the non-EU Parties to Lugano and Hague, the position is different. In those States, the instruments apply by virtue of international law.
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39

Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, and United States Congress. Changing the rules : will limiting the scope of civil discovery diminish accountability and leave Americans without access to justice. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.

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40

Warren J, Newman. Part VI Constitutional Theory, D The Role of Constitutional Principles in Canadian Constitutional Law, Ch.48 The Rule of Law, the Separation of Powers and Judicial Independence in Canada. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0048.

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This chapter considers the meaning, scope, and application of three constitutional principles of surpassing importance in Canada. The rule of law is foundational to Canada’s constitutional framework and may properly be characterized as the first principle of Canadian constitutional law. It is linked to, and in some respects, forms the underpinning for other fundamental principles, including constitutionalism, federalism, democracy, and parliamentary sovereignty. As the latter principles are the focus of chapters by other commentators in this Handbook, this chapter will examine the rule of law primarily in relation to the separation of powers and judicial independence. The principle of judicial independence is also essential to the functioning and structure of the Constitution, given the role the courts are called upon to play in policing the constitutional limits of legislative power and administrative action. The separation of powers is still an emerging principle in Canada, but also increasingly viewed as fundamental.
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41

Gerard, McMeel. Part IV Rules Relating to Written Contracts, 27 The Status of Instruments: Forgeries, Deliberate Alteration, Non Est Factum , and Shams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755166.003.0027.

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This chapter considers two special doctrines: first, the ancient rule which discharges a contract by operation of law if it is materially altered, commonly known as the rule in Pigot's Case; secondly, non est factum. It begins with a discussion of the impact of forgery on a document, as a forged document is a legal nullity. The chapter then turns to the above-mentioned doctrines in more detail, by first exploring the original formulation of the deliberate alternation of instruments in Pigot's Case before discussing the modern scope of the rule. Next, the plea of non est factum (‘this is not my deed’) is then examined. Finally, the chapter considers the principles which apply where a document is alleged to be a ‘sham’.
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42

Scope. Edinburgh: Scope, 1990.

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43

Market Scope 2001 (Market Scope). Trade Dimensions, 2001.

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44

Market Scope 2002 (Market Scope). Trade Dimensions, 2002.

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45

Market Scope 2004 (Market Scope). Trade Dimensions, 2004.

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46

(Editor), Leanne Jisonna, Suzzette Bessette (Editor), and Adrienne Toth (Editor), eds. Market Scope, 1993 (Market Scope). Trade Dimensions, 1993.

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47

Market Scope 1999 (Market Scope). Trade Dimensions, 1999.

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48

Market Scope 1998 (Market Scope). Trade Dimensions, 1998.

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49

Horder, Jeremy. The Limits of Criminal Misconduct. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823704.003.0003.

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I turn my attention to the theoretical or moral justification for the offence of misconduct in public office. I argue that the offence of misconduct in office is only tenuously connected to the ‘harm principle’ justification for criminalization. I suggest that the offence is better explained by what I call the ‘role’ theory of criminalization. I also consider the legitimate scope of the offence: the kinds of misconduct that it should, and should not, cover. In that regard, we will see that codes of conduct that govern officials—a vital written element to the UK’s constitution—play a role not merely in setting boundaries but also in minimizing rule of law uncertainty about the kind of misconduct that may be found to fall within the scope of the offence.
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50

Adlung, Rudolf, and Marta Soprana. Trade Policy for SMEs from a GATS Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0002.

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Unlike conventional trade agreements, the scope of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) extends beyond the treatment of products to cover that of suppliers (producers, distributors, etc) as well. Trade problems confronting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) supplying services have thus been raised by WTO Members at different stages of the Doha Round negotiations and meetings of regular WTO bodies. However, such issues have rarely been explored in a systemic way. This chapter provides an overview of SME-related policies, whether reflected in schedules of services commitments or consisting of ‘non-schedulable’ measures, which are being pursued by WTO Members at multilateral (GATS) or regional level. It also seeks to identify the scope for further initiatives to promote SME-related interests, from fostering compliance with existing transparency disciplines under the GATS to advancing the Agreement’s liberalization and rule-making mandates with an SME focus.
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