Relevant bibliographies by topics / The shape of the building

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'The shape of the building'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The shape of the building"

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Ying, Xiaoyu, and Wenzhe Li. "Effect of Floor Shape Optimization on Energy Consumption for U-Shaped Office Buildings in the Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Area of China." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052079.

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This paper explored the effects of the side proportion of building floor shape on building energy consumption. It is based on the analysis of regression models that were developed in the present study. The simplified building models can be used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the effect of building plane shape parameters on total heating and cooling load. DesignBuilder was used to build and simulate individual building configuration. Energy consumption simulations for forty-eight U-shaped buildings with different plane layouts were performed to create a comprehensive dataset covering general ranges of side proportions of U-shaped buildings and building orientations. Statistical analysis was performed using MATLAB to develop a set of regression equations predicting energy consumption and optimizing floor shapes. Furthermore, perimeter-area ratio (PAR), width ratio, and depth ratio were considered as three factors to characterize the quantitative relationship between floor shape and energy consumption. It is envisioned that the binary quadratic polynomial regression models, visualized as a smooth surface in space and mapped to a vortex image on the plane, can be used to estimate the energy consumption in the early stages of the design when different building schemes and design concepts are being considered.
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Jiang, Lei, Weiqing Liu, Haiping Liao, and Jiabao Li. "Investigation of the Geometric Shape Effect on the Solar Energy Potential of Gymnasium Buildings." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 6369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236369.

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Gymnasium are typically large-span buildings with abundant solar energy resources due to their extensive roof surface. However, relevant research on this topic has not been thoroughly conducted to investigate the effect of the geometric shape of gymnasium buildings on their solar potential. In this paper, an investigation of the geometric shape effect on the solar potential of gymnasium buildings is presented. A three-dimensional radiation transfer model coupled with historical meteorological data was established to estimate the real-time solar potential of the roof of a gymnasium building. The rooftop solar potential of three typical building foundation shapes and different types of roof shapes that have evolved was systematically analyzed. An annual solar potential cloud map of each gymnasium building is generated. The monthly and annual average solar radiation intensities of the different types of roof shapes are investigated. Compared to the optimal tilt angle, the maximum decrease in the average radiation intensity reached −20.42%, while the minimum decline was −8.64% for all types of building shapes. The solar energy potential fluctuated by up to 11% across the various roof shapes, which indicate that shape selection is of vital importance for integrated photovoltaic gymnasium buildings. The results presented in this work are essential for clarifying the effects of the geometric shape of gymnasium buildings on the solar potential of their roofs, which provide an important reference for building design.
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Andiyan, Andiyan, and Wima Alkad Albadira. "Study of Building Mass Forms in Jardin Cihampelas Apartment." MARKA (Media Arsitektur dan Kota) : Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian 5, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33510/marka.2021.5.1.15-26.

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Cihampelas Street Bandung is one of the main tourist destinations in Bandung; besides that, Cihampelas is also a residential area with a high population density. Jalan Cihampelas has many residential places, one of which is the Jardin Cihampelas Apartment. The Jardin Cihampelas Apartment is a building consisting of 4 building towers, namely towers A, B, C, and D. Each tower has 23 floors, and a U shape, Tower A - B and C - D are located close to each other on the inside of the "U" shaped mass surrounding the swimming pool. The approach used is geometry, and basic shapes, geometry, and basic shapes show that architecture is an expression of humans and is a basic principle always present from a work of architecture. This research aims to study the relationship between geometric shapes that affect the Jardin Cihampelas apartment building mass. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method using field surveys; the research study is the shape of the building mass in geometric shapes. The research variables discussed include basic form, unity, proportion, balance, rhythm, and emphasis. This research is expected to get useful results from studying the mass shape of the building in the Jardin Cihampelas apartment with the residential typology of tall buildings with geometric shapes in the processing of space in structures.
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Gradziński, Piotr. "APPLICATION OF LCA AND BIM METHODS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF A SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE IN THE CHANGING CLIMATE OF WESTERN POMERANIA." space&FORM 2020, no. 44 (December 3, 2020): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2020.44.b-03.

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The paper deals concerns the problem of energy optimization of single-family housing in Poland in Western Pomerania. The problem is considered because of the changing climate in the region and the consequences. This results in the search for changes in the architectural paradigm of singlefamily houses design and the use of appropriate technical solutions that minimize the environmental impact of these buildings. The problem of changes is considered in the category of building materials selection and the architectural form shape. In the analytical part, the following analyzes were carried out: in terms of the structures of the building in minimizing CO2 emissions and energy consumption of the building materials used and environmental factors (light, shade, wind) influencing energy consumption through the building's shape in the region.
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Abdessetar, M., and Y. Zhong. "BUILDINGS CHANGE DETECTION BASED ON SHAPE MATCHING FOR MULTI-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-683-2017.

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Buildings change detection has the ability to quantify the temporal effect, on urban area, for urban evolution study or damage assessment in disaster cases. In this context, changes analysis might involve the utilization of the available satellite images with different resolutions for quick responses. In this paper, to avoid using traditional method with image resampling outcomes and salt-pepper effect, building change detection based on shape matching is proposed for multi-resolution remote sensing images. Since the object’s shape can be extracted from remote sensing imagery and the shapes of corresponding objects in multi-scale images are similar, it is practical for detecting buildings changes in multi-scale imagery using shape analysis. Therefore, the proposed methodology can deal with different pixel size for identifying new and demolished buildings in urban area using geometric properties of objects of interest. After rectifying the desired multi-dates and multi-resolutions images, by image to image registration with optimal RMS value, objects based image classification is performed to extract buildings shape from the images. Next, Centroid-Coincident Matching is conducted, on the extracted building shapes, based on the Euclidean distance measurement between shapes centroid (from shape T<sub>0</sub> to shape T<sub>1</sub> and vice versa), in order to define corresponding building objects. Then, New and Demolished buildings are identified based on the obtained distances those are greater than RMS value (No match in the same location).
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Taima, Masahiro, Yasushi Asami, and Kimihiro Hino. "Estimation of building shape by block size." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-360-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>
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Taima, Masahiro, Yasushi Asami, and Kimihiro Hino. "The relation between block size and building shape." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317702897.

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Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo. Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.
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Mokrzecka, Martyna. "Influence of building shape and orientation on heating demand: simulations for student dormitories in temperate climate conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400117.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of preliminary design decisions such as building shape and orientation on its heating demand. After analysing plans of forty student dormitories located in heating dominated climate (Dfb and Cfb), eight typical plan layouts were identified and chosen for further analysis. Eight buildings were modelled using these plans and uploaded to dynamic simulation tool, Sefaira. Buildings have the same characteristics (surface, height, thermal properties, location etc.). The next step was to rotate the buildings at 45° intervals and simulate the annual heating demand for each case. The results show that the shape influences the heating energy consumption. The difference between minimum and maximum heating demand in the chosen sample was 50%. The square – shaped buildings have advantages in terms of heating energy consumption over L, U and C-shaped buildings as well as over rectangles with different shape factor. Orientation does not substantially influence the consumption in well insulated buildings. Last step of the research was to analyse the influence of functional layout on heating energy and internal comfort in a square-shaped building.
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Kabošová, Lenka, Eva Kormaníková, Stanislav Kmeť, and Dušan Katunský. "Shape-changing tensegrity-membrane building skin." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000046.

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Building skins are persistently exposed to changes in the weather, including the cases of weather extremes, increasing in frequency due to global climate change. As a consequence of the advancements of digital design tools, the integration of the weather conditions into the design process is much smoother. The impact of the ambient conditions on buildings and their structures can be digitally analyzed as early as in the conceptual design stage. These new design tools stimulate original ideas for shape-changing building skins, actively reacting to the dynamic weather conditions. In the paper, a digital design method is introduced, leading towards the design of a building skin, able of the passive shape adaptation when subjected to the wind. The designed building skin consists of a tensegrity structure where the tensioned elements are substituted by a tensile membrane, creating a self-equilibrated building skin element. In the previous research, a small prototype of this wind-adaptive element was created. The computer simulations are employed to predict the adaptive behavior of a bigger, full-scale building skin element. The before-mentioned building envelope becomes an active player in its surrounding environment, passively reacting to the wind in real-time, thanks to the geometric and material properties. Due to the local shape changes caused by the wind force, the wind can be perceived unconventionally through the adaptive building structure.
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Sulzer, R., P. Nourian, M. Palmieri, and J. C. van Gemert. "SHAPE BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SEISMIC BUILDING STRUCTURAL TYPES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W10 (September 12, 2018): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w10-179-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper investigates automatic prediction of seismic building structural types described by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) taxonomy, by combining remote sensing, cadastral and inspection data in a supervised machine learning approach. Our focus lies on the extraction of detailed geometric information from a point cloud gained by aerial laser scanning. To describe the geometric shape of a building we apply Shape-DNA, a spectral shape descriptor based on the eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. In a first experiment on synthetically generated building stock we succeed in predicting the roof type of different buildings with accuracies above 80<span class="thinspace"></span>%, only relying on the Shape-DNA. The roof type of a building thereby serves as an example of a relevant feature for predicting GEM attributes, which cannot easily be identified and described by using traditional methods for shape analysis of buildings. Further research is necessary in order to explore the usability of Shape-DNA on real building data. In a second experiment we use real-world data of buildings located in the Groningen region in the Netherlands. Here we can automatically predict six GEM attributes, such as the type of lateral load resisting system, with accuracies above 75<span class="thinspace"></span>% only by taking a buildings footprint area and year of construction into account.</p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The shape of the building"

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Su, Z. "Statistical shape modelling : automatic shape model building." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1213097/.

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Statistical Shape Models (SSM) have wide applications in image segmentation, surface registration and morphometry. This thesis deals with an important issue in SSM, which is establishing correspondence between a set of shape surfaces on either 2D or 3D. Current methods involve either manual annotation of the data (current ‘gold standard’); or establishing correspondences by using segmentation or registration algorithms; or using an information technique, Minimum Description Length (MDL), as an objective function that measures the utility of a model (the state-of-the-art). This thesis presents in principle another framework for establishing correspondences completely automatically by treating it as a learning process. Shannon theory is used extensively to develop an objective function, which measures the performance of a model along each eigenvector direction, and a proper weighting is automatically calculated for each energy component. Correspondence finding can then be treated as optimizing the objective function. An efficient optimization method is also incorporated by deriving the gradient of the cost function. Experimental results on various data are presented on both 2D and 3D. In the end, a quantitative evaluation between the proposed algorithm and MDL shows that the proposed model has better Generalization Ability, Specificity and similar Compactness. It also shows a good potential ability to solve the so-called “Pile Up” problem that exists in MDL. In terms of application, I used the proposed algorithm to help build a facial contour classifier. First, correspondence points across facial contours are found automatically and classifiers are trained by using the correspondence points found by the MDL, proposed method and direct human observer. These classification schemes are then used to perform gender prediction on facial contours. The final conclusion for the experiments is that MEM found correspondence points built classification scheme conveys a relatively more accurate gender prediction result. Although, we have explored the potential of our proposed method to some extent, this is not the end of the research for this topic. The future work is also clearly stated which includes more validations on various 3D datasets; discrimination analysis between normal and abnormal subjects could be the direct application for the proposed algorithm, extension to model-building using appearance information, etc.
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Swiegers, Jacobus Johannes. "Inlet and outlet shape design of natural circulation building ventilation systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97110.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Increased awareness of environmental problems has awakened interest in renewable energy systems. Natural ventilation systems are especially of interest, as people spend most of their time indoors. Indoor air quality is an important consideration when human health and occupant comfort is to be maintained. This study focusses on determining the best inlet and outlet shape for a natural ventilation system from a chosen set of configurations. The inlet and outlet configurations were tested on a PDEC (Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling) shaft and solar chimney. The PDEC incorporated an evaporative cartridge made from cotton cloth. Independent models of the PDEC and solar chimney were built in a thermally controlled space where the configurations were tested at different wind speeds. The configurations were tested on a wet or dry PDEC shaft and on a hot or cold solar chimney. One-dimensional finite difference models, accounting for some two-dimensional effects in the evaporative cartridge, of the cartridge and solar chimney were developed. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models were further constructed in FLUENTr, simulating operating conditions for each inlet and outlet test. The CFD models were constructed to obtain numerical comparisons for the experimental data. The ability of the one-dimensional and CFD models to predict the performance of the PDEC and solar chimney were investigated. The results indicated that an inlet configuration called a TFI (Turbine Fan Inlet) performed the best at the tested wind speeds. The TFI was further able to significantly increase volumetric flow rate in the PDEC shaft for the dry evaporative cartridge tests. The outlet that performed best under the tests is a Windmaster Tornado Wind Turbine, or Whirlybird, which is a commercially available configuration. The one-dimensional models were not able to accurately predict conditions during start-up. The CFD models were highly accurate in predicting the experimental values. It is recommended that a two-dimensional theoretical model be developed to better predict start-up conditions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verhoogde bewustheid van omgewings probleme het belangstelling in hernubare energie stelsels ontwaak. Natuurlike ventilasie stelsels is veral van belang, sedert mense die meeste van hul tyd binnenshuis spandeer. Binnenshuise lug kwaliteit is ’n belangrike oorweging wanneer menslike gesondheid en insittendes se gemak in stand gehou moet word. Hierdie studie fokus op die bepaling van die beste inlaat en uitlaat vorm van ’n gekose stel konfigurasies vir ’n natuurlike ventilasie-stelsel. Die inlaaten uitlaat-konfigurasies is op ’n PDEC (Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling) skag en sonkrag skoorsteen getoets. Die PDEC het ’n verdampings doek, gemaak van katoen, ingesluit. Onafhanklike modelle van die PDEC en sonkrag skoorsteen is in ’n termies-beheerde ruimte en die konfigurasies is by ’n onveranderende wind spoed getoets. Die konfigurasies is op ’n nat of droog PDEC skag en op ’n warm of koue son skoorsteen getoets. Een-dimensionele eindige verskil modelle, wat sommige twee-dimensionele effekte in ag neem in die verdampings doek, van die doek en sonkrag skoorsteen is ontwikkel. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelle is verder gebou in FLUENTr, wat die werkstoestande vir elke inlaat en uitlaat toets simuleer. Die CFD modelle is ontwikkel om die eksperimentele data met numeriese waardes te vergelyk. Die vermoë van die een-dimensionele en CFD modelle om die verrigting van die PDEC en sonkrag skoorsteen te voorspel, is ondersoek. Die resultate dui daarop dat ’n inlaat opset genoem TFI (Turbine Fan Inlet) die beste vaar by die elke getoetsde wind spoed. Die TFI was verder in staat om die volumetriese vloeitempo in die PDEC skag aansienlik te verhoog vir die toetse met ’n droë verdamping doek. Die uitlaat wat die beste presteer het in die toetse is ’n Windmaster Tornado Wind Turbine, of Whirlybird, wat ’n kommersieel beskikbare konfigurasie is. Die een-dimensionele modelle was nie in staat om die toestande tydens die begin-fase akkuraat te voorspel nie. Die CFD modelle was hoogs akkuraat in die voorspelling van die eksperimentele waardes. Dit word aanbeveel dat ’n twee-dimensionele teoretiese model ontwikkel word om die toestande tydens begin-fase beter te voorspel.
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Moyer, Craig E. "Vox Populi: The Crowdsourced Building." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1463130553.

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Olsson, Martin. "Thermal Shape Factor : The impact of the building shape and thermal properties on the heating energy demand in Swedish climates." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125076.

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In the year 2006, the energy performance directive 2002/91/EG was passed by the European Union, according to this directive the Swedish building code was supplemented by a key measure of energy use intensity (EUI). The implemented EUI equals some energy use within a building divided by its floor area and must be calculated in new housing estate and shown when renting or selling housing property. In order to improve the EUI, energy efficiency refurbishments could be implemented. Building energy simulation tools enables a virtual view a building model and can estimate the energy use before implementing any refurbishments. They are a powerful resource when determine the impact of the refurbishment measure. In order to obtain a correct model which corresponds to the actual energy use, some adjustments of the model are often needed. This process refers to as calibration. The used EUI has been criticized and thus, the first objective in this work was to suggest an alternative key measure of a buildings performance. The results showed that the currently used EUI is disfavoring some districts in Sweden. New housing estate in the far north must take more refined actions in order to fulfill the regulation demand, given that the users are behaving identical regardless where the house is located. Further, the suggested measure is less sensitive to the users’ behavior than the presently used EUI. It also has a significance meaning in building design as it relating the building shape and thermal properties and stating that extreme building shapes must undergo a stricter thermal construction rather than buildings that are more compact. Thus, the suggested key measure also creates a communication link between architects and the consultant constructors. The second objective of this thesis has been to investigate a concept of calibration using the data normally provided by energy bills, i.e. some monthly aggregated data. A case study serves to answer this objective, by using the building energy simulation tool IDA ICE 4.7 and a building located in Umeå, Sweden. The findings showed that the used calibration approach yielded a model considered as calibrated in eleven of twelve months. Furthermore, the method gives a closer agreement to the actual heat demand rather than using templates and standardized values. The major explanation of the deviation was influence of the users, but also that the case study building burden with large heat losses by domestic hot water circulation and thus, more buildings should be subjected to this calibration approach.
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Cai, Bin, Arezoo Dianat, Rene Hübner, Wei Liu, Dan Wen, Albrecht Benad, Luisa Sonntag, Thomas Gemming, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Multimetallic Hierarchical Aerogels: Shape-engineering of the Building Blocks for efficient electrocatalysis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236145.

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A new class of multimetallic hierarchical aerogels composed entirely of interconnected Ni‐PdxPty nano‐building‐blocks with in situ engineered morphologies and compositions is demonstrated. The underlying mechanism of the galvanic shape‐engineering is elucidated in terms of nanowelding of intermediate nanoparticles. The hierarchical aerogels integrate two levels of porous structures, leading to improved electrocatalysis performance.
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Mora, Carlos F. "Particle size and shape analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22030153.

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Liu, Yang. "Quantitative Comparison of Lidar Data and User-generated Three-dimensional Building Models From Google Building Maker." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149632/.

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Volunteered geographic information (VGI) has received increased attention as a new paradigm for geographic information production, while light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is widely applied to many fields. This study quantitatively compares LiDAR data and user-generated 3D building models created using Google Building Maker, and investigate the potential applications of the quantitative measures in support of rapid disaster damage assessment. User-generated 3D building models from Google Building Maker are compared with LiDAR-derived building models using 3D shape signatures. Eighteen 3D building models are created in Fremont, California using the Google Building Maker, and six shape functions (distance, angle, area, volume, slope, and aspect) are applied to the 18 LiDAR-derived building models and user-generated ones. A special case regarding the comparison between LiDAR data and building models with indented walls is also discussed. Based on the results, several conclusions are drawn, and limitations that require further study are also discussed.
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Nelson, Eric (Eric Freeman) 1964. "Dynamic building enclosures : the design of an innovative constructive system which permits mechanically-driven, computer-controlled shape transformations to the building envelope." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69400.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85).
Dynamic Building Enclosures is a system of prefabricated, lightweight, kit-of-parts wall and/or roof elements. This system has the unique capability of dynamically altering, or mutating its shape in reaction to changing user requirements or site climate conditions through the manipulation of a mechanically-driven, computer-controlled frame. The system's ability to actively accommodate multiple functions (potentially with high-performance specifications) within a single space would make it appropriate and desirable for application to a broad spectrum of building typologies. It is postulated that industrial fabrication of standardized elements will increase its economic viability-especially when compared to the multitude of expensive, static, specialized building components it would replace. Since it reacts to optimize environmental performance (temperature, humidity, acoustics, ventilation, and lighting) in changing site conditions it will also be more environmentally responsive and energy-efficient than conventional systems. The objective of this research is to explore the potential gains to users and the building industry of developing an industrially produced building system without the generally associated drawbacks of monotonous, repetitive layouts; inflexibility to changes of use, and the inability to adapt to varying site conditions. The prefabricated kit-of-parts which comprise the system will overlay the complementary structural behavior of form-active structures (cable, tent and arch systems), and vectoractive structures (trusses and space trusses) . The building system design will include: a strut; a node, which will allow the rotation of the struts to accommodate non-regular geometries, and an enclosure system which maintains the desired separation of interior and exterior environments for the various spatial configurations.
by Eric Nelson.
S.M.
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Pérez, Sala Xavier. "Extending procrustes analysis : building multi-view 2-D models from 3-D human shape samples." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299209.

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This dissertation formalizes the construction of multi-view 2D shape models from 3D data. We propose several extensions of the well-known Procrustes Analysis (PA) algorithm that allow modeling rigid and non-rigid transformations in an efficient manner. The proposed strategies are successfully tested on faces and human bodies datasets. In human perception applications one can set physical restrictions, such as defining faces and human skeletons as sets of anatomical landmarks or articulated bodies. However, the high variation of facial expressions and human postures from different viewpoints makes problems like face tracking or human pose estimation extremely challenging. The common approach to handle large viewpoint variations is training the models with several labeled images from different viewpoints. However, this approach has several important drawbacks: (1) it is not clear how much it is necessary to enhance the dataset with images from different viewpoints in order to build unbiased 2D models; (2) extending the training set without this evaluation would unnecessarily increase memory and computation requirements to train the models; and (3) obtaining new labeled images from different viewpoints can be a difficult task because of the expensive labeling cost; finally, (4) a non-uniform coverage of the different viewpoints of a person leads to biased 2D models. In this dissertation we propose successive extensions of PA to address these issues. First of all, we introduce Projected Procrustes Analysis (PPA) as a formalization for building multi-view 2D rigid models from 3D datasets. PPA rotates and projects every 3D training shape and builds a multi-view 2D model from this enhanced training set. We also introduce common parameterizations of rotations, as well as mechanisms to uniformly sample the rotation space. We show that uniformly distributed rotations generate unbiased 2D models, while non-uniform rotations lead to models representing some viewpoints better than others. Although PPA has been successful in building multi-view 2D models, it requires an enhanced dataset that increases the computational requirements in space and time. In order to address these PA and PPA drawbacks, we propose Continuous Procrustes Analysis (CPA). CPA extends PPA within a functional analysis framework and constructs multi-view 2D rigid models in an efficient way through integrating all possible rotations in a given domain. We show that CPA models are inherently unbiased because of their integral formulation. However, CPA is not able to capture non-rigid deformations from the dataset. Next, in order to efficiently compute multi-view 2D deformable models from 3D data, we introduce Subspace Procrustes Analysis (SPA). By adding a subspace in the PA formulation, SPA is able to model non-rigid deformations, as well as rigid 3D transformations of the training set. We developed a discrete (DSPA) and continuous (CSPA) formulation to provide a better understanding of the problem, where DSPA samples and CSPA integrates the 3D rotation space. Finally, we illustrate the benefits of our multi-view 2D deformable models in the task of human pose estimation. We first reformulate the problem as feature selection by subspace matching, and propose an efficient approach for this task. Our method is much more efficient than the state-of-the-art feature selection by subspace matching approaches, and it is able to handle larger number of outliers. Next, we show that our multi-view 2D deformable models, combined with the subspace matching method, outperform state-of-the-art methods of human pose estimation. Our approach is more accurate in the joint positions and limb lengths because we use unbiased 2D models trained on 3D Motion Capture datasets. Our models are not biased to any particular point of view and they can successfully reconstruct different non-rigid deformations and viewpoints. Moreover, they are efficient in both learning and test times.
En esta tesis se formaliza la construcción de modelos multivista 2D a partir de datos 3D, a través de varias extensiones del conocido método Procrustes Analysis (PA). Las extensiones propuestas permiten modelar transformaciones rígidas y no rígidas eficientemente, y se han puesto a prueba en bases de datos de caras y cuerpos humanos. Las aplicaciones donde se perciben humanos permiten establecer restricciones físicas, tales como definir caras y esqueletos como conjuntos de puntos anatómicos. Sin embargo, la gran variación que sufren las expresiones faciales y las posturas humanas desde distintos puntos de vista convierten problemas como el seguimiento de caras o la estimación de la postura humana en retos extremadamente complejos. El planteamiento habitual para gestionar grandes variaciones de punto de vista consiste en entrenar los modelos con imágenes etiquetadas tomadas con distintas orientaciones. Sin embargo, este enfoque sufre importantes inconvenientes: (1) no queda claro cuántas imágenes adicionales con distintas orientaciones son necesarias con tal de construir modelos 2D no sesgados por ningún punto de vista; (2) extender el conjunto de datos de entrenamiento sin esta evaluación incrementaría innecesariamente el coste computacional en tiempo y en memoria; (3) obtener nuevas imágenes etiquetadas con distintas orientaciones puede tratarse de una tarea compleja debido al elevado coste del etiquetado manual; finalmente, (4) no cubrir uniformemente los distintos puntos de vista de una persona conduce a modelos sesgados. En esta tesis se proponen sucesivas extensiones de PA para hacer frente a estos problemas. Primero, proponemos Projected Procrustes Analysis (PPA) para formalizar la construcción de modelos rígidos multivista 2D a partir de conjuntos de datos 3D. PPA rota y proyecta cada objeto 3D y construye un modelo 2D a partir de este conjunto de datos enriquecido. También mostramos como rotaciones uniformemente distribuidas generan modelos 2D no sesgados, mientras rotaciones no uniformes conducen a modelos que representan algunos puntos de vista mejor que otros. Aunque PPA construye modelos multivista 2D, necesita un conjunto de entrenamiento enriquecido que incrementa los requisitos computacionales. Para solventar este problema de PA y PPA, proponemos Continuous Procrustes Analysis (CPA). CPA extiende PPA en un marco de análisis funcional y construye modelos rígidos multivista 2D de un modo eficiente, integrando todas las posibles rotaciones en un dominio dado. Mostramos como los modelos generados con CPA son inherentemente no sesgados debido a la formulación integral. Sin embargo, CPA no captura las deformaciones no rígidas de los datos. En consecuencia, proponemos Subspace Procrustes Analysis (SPA) con el objetivo de construir modelos deformables multivista 2D de un modo eficiente a partir de datos 3D. Añadiendo un subespacio a la formulación de PA, SPA es capaz de modelar deformaciones no rígidas, así como transformaciones 3D de los datos. Desarrollamos una formulación discreta (DSPA) y otra continua (CSPA), donde DSPA muestrea y CSPA integra el espacio de rotaciones 3D. Finalmente, ilustramos las ventajas de nuestros modelos deformables multivista 2D en la tarea de estimar la postura humana. Primero reformulamos el problema como una selección de características por subespacio coincidente y proponemos un método para resolver esta tarea eficientemente. Después, mostramos como nuestros modelos multivista 2D, combinados con la selección de características por subespacio coincidente, mejoran el estado del arte de estimación de la pose humana. Nuestro método es más preciso en la posición de las articulaciones y la longitud de las extremidades por el uso de modelos multivista 2D entrenados en bases de datos de captura de movimiento 3D. Nuestros modelos no están sesgados por punto de vista y pueden reconstruir deformaciones rígidas y no rígidas. Además, estos modelos son eficientes tanto en su construcción como en su uso
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Kozinski, Mateusz. "Segmentation of facade images with shape priors." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1017/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse concerne l'analyse automatique d'images de façades de bâtiments à partir de descriptions formelles à priori de formes géométriques. Ces informations suggérées par un utilisateur permettent de modéliser, de manière formelle, des contraintes spatiales plus ou moins dures quant à la segmentation sémantique produite par le système. Ceci permet de se défaire de deux principaux écueils inhérents aux méthodes d'analyse de façades existantes qui concernent d'une part la coûteuse fidélité de la segmentation résultante aux données visuelles de départ, d'autre part, la spécificité architecturale des règles imposées lors du processus de traitement. Nous proposons d'explorer au travers de cette thèse, différentes méthodes alternatives à celles proposées dans la littérature en exploitant un formalisme de représentation d'à priori de haut niveau d'abstraction, les propriétés engendrées par ces nouvelles méthodes ainsi que les outils de résolution mis en œuvres par celles-ci. Le système résultant est évalué tant quantitativement que qualitativement sur de multiples bases de données standards et par le biais d'études comparatives à des approches à l'état de l'art en la matière. Parmi nos contributions, nous pouvons citer la combinaison du formalisme des grammaires de graphes exprimant les variations architecturales de façades de bâtiments et les modèles graphiques probabilistes modélisant l'énergie attribuée à une configuration paramétrique donnée, dans un schéma d'optimisation par minimisation d'énergie; ainsi qu'une nouvelle approche par programmation linéaire d'analyse avec à priori de formes. Enfin, nous proposons un formalisme flexible de ces à priori devançant de par ses performances les méthodes à l'état de l'art tout en combinant les avantages de la généricité de contraintes simples manuellement imposées par un utilisateur, à celles de la précision de la segmentation finale qui se faisait jusqu'alors au prix d'un encodage préliminaire restrictif de règles grammaticales complexes propres à une famille architecturale donnée. Le système décrit permet également de traiter avec robustesse des scènes comprenant des objets occultants et pourrait encore être étendu notamment afin de traiter l'extension tri-dimensionnelle de la sémantisation d'environnements urbains sous forme de nuages de points 3D ou d'une analyse multi-image de bâtiments
The aim of this work is to propose a framework for facade segmentation with user-defined shape priors. In such a framework, the user specifies a shape prior using a rigorously defined shape prior formalism. The prior expresses a number of hard constraints and soft preference on spatial configuration of segments, constituting the final segmentation. Existing approaches to the problem are affected by a compromise between the type of constraints, the satisfaction of which can be guaranteed by the segmentation algorithm, and the capability to approximate optimal segmentations consistent with a prior. In this thesis we explore a number of approaches to facade parsing that combine prior formalism featuring high expressive power, guarantees of conformance of the resulting segmentations to the prior, and effective inference. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on a number of datasets. Since one of our focus points is the accuracy gain resulting from more effective inference algorithms, we perform a fair comparison to existing methods, using the same data term. Our contributions include a combination of graph grammars for expressing variation of facade structure with graphical models encoding the energy of models of given structures for different positions of facade elements. We also present the first linear formulation of facade parsing with shape priors. Finally, we propose a shape prior formalism that enables formulating the problem of optimal segmentation as the inference in a Markov random field over the standard four-connected grid of pixels. The last method advances the state of the art by combining the flexibility of a user-defined grammar with segmentation accuracy that was reserved for frameworks with pre-defined priors before. It also enables handling occlusions by simultaneously recovering the structure of the occluded facade and segmenting the occluding objects. We believe that it can be extended in many directions, including semantizing three-dimensional point clouds and parsing images of general urban scenes
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Books on the topic "The shape of the building"

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Samantha, Berger, ed. Building shapes. New York: Scholastic, 1999.

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1949-, Bobenhausen William, ed. American building: The environmental forces that shape it. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Pierre, Stephanie St. Building shapes. New York: Little & Woods Press, 1994.

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Warner, Kee. Building rules: How local controls shape community environments and economies. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000.

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Bejan, Adrian, and Giuseppe Grazzini, eds. Shape and Thermodynamics. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-836-9.

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Shape and Thermodynamics is a two-day international Workshop focused on the Constructal Theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering. From the early developments related to tree configurations for the cooling of electronics, today Constructal theory is being applied to conceptual design of transportation net-works, river basins, living bodies, building materials and many other flow systems. Constructal theory is also enriching thermo-dynamics, from basic theory to design and optimization. This theory approaches design "as science", with the generation of configuration regarded as a phenomenon of all physics, based on principle (the Constructal law). For example, Constructal Theory contributes to the evolution of fuel cells, in the design of cooling channels, the optimal feeding of reactants, etc. Important applications are also found in the design of heat exchangers, district heating networks, etc. The growing scientific literature on Constructal Theory has an important Italian component, although further dissemination is timely. Moreover, the relation with other thermodynamic research areas deserves to be explored. Website: Shape and Thermodinamics
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Luca, Betti, ed. Above Siena: The shape of the city. Siena: Betti Editrice, 1997.

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Luo, Lingai. Heat and Mass Transfer Intensification and Shape Optimization: A Multi-scale Approach. London: Springer London, 2013.

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Mohammad, Al-Asad, Audeh Abeer, and Nuseibeh Said, eds. The shape of the holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1996.

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Gonzalez-Granat, Olga. Pattern block patterns & shapes: Skill-building activities & games. Vernon Hills, IL: Learning Resources, Inc., 1997.

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Kaufman, Gershen. Dynamics of power: Fighting shame and building self-esteem. 2nd ed. Rochester, Vt: Schenkman Books, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "The shape of the building"

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Fang, Cheng, and Wei Wang. "Structural Responses: Multi-storey Building Frames." In Shape Memory Alloys for Seismic Resilience, 221–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7040-3_6.

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Lüthi, Marcel, Thomas Albrecht, and Thomas Vetter. "Building Shape Models from Lousy Data." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2009, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04271-3_1.

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Tanaya, Michael, Huaming Chen, Jebediah Pavleas, and Kelvin Sung. "Completing the Physics Engine and Rigid Shape Component." In Building a 2D Game Physics Engine, 71–103. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2583-7_4.

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Dick, A. R., P. H. S. Torr, and R. Cipolla. "A Bayesian Estimation of Building Shape Using MCMC." In Computer Vision — ECCV 2002, 852–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47967-8_57.

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Skowronski, Andrzej. "Optimum Building Shape in View of Energy Saving." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design Methods, Tools, and Interaction Techniques for eInclusion, 339–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39188-0_37.

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Younes, Laurent. "Building Admissible Spaces." In Shapes and Diffeomorphisms, 177–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12055-8_9.

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Younes, Laurent. "Building Admissible Spaces." In Shapes and Diffeomorphisms, 205–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58496-5_8.

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Klainsek, Juan C. "The Influence of Glassing Shape on Building Thermal Performance." In 1989 2nd European Conference on Architecture, 432–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0556-1_124.

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Bairagi, Amlan Kumar, and Sujit Kumar Dalui. "Distribution of Wind Pressure Around Different Shape Tall Building." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 31–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3254-2_4.

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Grbić, Saša, Joshua K. Y. Swee, and Razvan Ionasec. "ShapeForest: Building Constrained Statistical Shape Models with Decision Trees." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2014, 597–612. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10578-9_39.

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Conference papers on the topic "The shape of the building"

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Al-Anzi, Adnan, Donghyun Seo, and Moncef Krarti. "Impact of Shape on Thermal Performance of Office Buildings in Kuwait." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36242.

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This paper provides a simplified analysis method to estimate the impact of building shape on energy efficiency of office buildings in Kuwait. The method is based on results obtained from a comprehensive whole building energy simulation analysis. The analysis takes into account several building shapes and forms including rectangular, L-shape, U-shape, and H-shape as well as building aspect ratios, window-to-wall-ratios, and glazing types. The simplified method is suitable for architects during preliminary design phase to assess the impact of shape on the energy efficiency of office buildings.
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Pappas, Alexandra, Eric Loew, Tim Scotland-Stewart, and Moncef Krarti. "Impact of Shape on Residential Buildings Energy Performance." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76175.

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The impact of the shape on energy performance for residential buildings has been investigated using a series of simulation analyses. The shape of a building is quantified by its compactness relative to a reference building. In this paper, the performance of a prototypical residential building with various shapes is investigated for selected locations in the US. Various window-to-wall ratios are considered in the analysis. The findings indicate that significant energy can be saved when the shape and the window-to-wall ratio of the building are optimized. A simplified evaluation method is provided to help designers assess the impact of basic building architectural features on the energy performance of residential buildings.
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Ouertani, Kais, and Moncef Krarti. "Impact of Shape on Building Energy Use in Tunisia." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99135.

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This paper investigates the impact of the architectural form on the energy performance of residential buildings in Tunisia. A relative compactness is defined as one indicator of a building shape. The results of the analysis indicate that a significant decrease in heating and cooling energy requirements can be obtained by minimizing the relative compactness of detached residential houses. A simplified analysis tool, suitable for early design process, is developed to assess the impact of building form on its energy performance for several cities in Tunisia.
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Ferraioli, Massimiliano, Domenico Nuzzo, Antonio Concilio, and Salvatore Ameduri. "Shape memory alloys for earthquake building protection." In Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, edited by Kon-Well Wang, Hoon Sohn, Haiying Huang, and Jerome P. Lynch. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513605.

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Tahabilder, Anik, and Yanjun Yan. "Building Kilobots In-house for Shape-Formation." In SoutheastCon 2020. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon44009.2020.9249742.

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Yakubovich, Alex, and James H. Elder. "Building Better Formlet Codes for Planar Shape." In 2014 Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crv.2014.19.

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Marques, Aline Calazans, and José Augusto Recker Felicio. "Dialogue between Building Shape and Thermal Performance." In Congreso SIGraDi 2020. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/sigradi2020-24.

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Binnard, Mike, and Mark R. Cutkosky. "Building Block Design for Layered Shape Manufacturing." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dfm-5725.

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Abstract We are interested in designing complex mechatronic systems which closely integrate electronics, actuators, and sensors with mechanical structures. Rapid prototyping techniques open new design possibilities for these systems, such as the ability to fabricate pre-assembled mechanisms. This paper presents a design approach that should encourage exploration of these new possibilities and thereby facilitate robot design. In the described approach, engineers build designs using a library of three dimensional primitives and aggregations of primitives. Associated with each primitive is enough manufacturing process information to enable immediate manufacturability analysis. An algorithm is presented which automatically combines the process information from multiple primitives. A prototype system using this algorithm has been implemented with AutoCAD and the ObjectARX programming interface.
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Pauer, Hendrikje, Christoph Ledermann, Oliver Weede, and Heinz Woern. "Towards building a miniaturized shape sensor: Building process of a shape sensor for use in single port surgery." In 2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2013.6727713.

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Teboul, Olivier, Loic Simon, Panagiotis Koutsourakis, and Nikos Paragios. "Segmentation of building facades using procedural shape priors." In 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5540068.

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Reports on the topic "The shape of the building"

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Stender, Anthony. Rod-like plasmonic nanoparticles as optical building blocks: how differences in particle shape and structural geometry influence optical signal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1116721.

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Lapcha, Haidar, and Yusra Mahdi. Coalition Building for Better Religious Education Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.002.

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Developing a good pro-pluralism religious education curriculum requires much planning and a deep understanding of the context. In a country like Iraq, where the education system is in decline due to years of conflict, weak governance and management, and a displacement crisis, this becomes a challenging task. This Learning Briefing, prepared during the implementation phase of the Coalition for Religious Equality and Inclusive Development (CREID) project to introduce reform to the religious education curriculum in Iraq, highlights the key areas of best practices and lessons learned from our stakeholder engagement. The aim is to share these learnings with programme managers, donors and partners to help inform future interventions and curricula development on effective approaches and models for improved quality education.
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Williams, Teshanee, Jamie McCall, Maureen Berner, and Anita Brown-Graham. Strategic Capacity Building in Community Development Organizations Post COVID-19: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Describing Social Capital. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/social-capital-covid19-recovery/.

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Much like the 2008 financial crisis, the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely shape historically underserved communities for decades to come. Now, more than perhaps ever before, community development organizations (CDOs) will be central actors and foundational institutions for sustainable economic growth. Our data suggest social capital is important for CDO capacity across multiple dimensions. Given the central role CDOs will likely play in rebuilding local economies in the wake of the pandemic, we highlight how these organizations can use social capital to maintain and build political, resource, network, and organizational capacity.
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Baechler, Michael C., Theresa L. Gilbride, Marye G. Hefty, James R. Hand, and Pat M. Love. Building America Best Practices Series Volume 14 - HVAC. A Guide for Contractors to Share with Homeowners. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219223.

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Baechler, Michael C., K. T. Adams, M. G. Hefty, T. L. Gilbride, and Pat M. Love. Building America Best Practices Series. Volume 17 - Energy Renovations-Insulation: A Guide for Contractors to Share With Homeowners. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220000.

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Stokoe, II, Kenneth H., Jennie C. Graves, Milton T. Graves, Won Kyoung Choi, and Farn-Yuh Menq. Dynamic Laboratory Tests: Unweathered and Weathered Shale Proposed Site of Building 9720-82 Y-12 National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1371568.

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Ayoul-Guilmard, Q., F. Nobile, S. Ganesh, M. Nuñez, A. Kodakkal, R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D6.4 Report on stochastic optimisation for unsteady problems. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.003.

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This report brings together methodological research on stochastic optimisation and work on benchmark and target applications of the ExaQute project, with a focus on unsteady problems. A practical, general method for the optimisation of the conditional value at risk is proposed. Three different optimisation problems are described: an oscillator problem selected as a suitable trial and illustration case; the shape optimisation of an airfoil, chosen as a benchmark application in the project; the shape optimisation of a tall building, which is the challenging target application set for ExaQUte. For each problem, the current developments and results are presented, the application of the proposed method is discussed, and the work to be done until the end of the project is laid out.
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Michalski, A,, D. Andersson, R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D7.1 DELIVERY OF GEOMETRY AND COMPUTATIONAL MODEL. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.020.

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This document describes the industrial application, on which the developments of the project are implemented, and the CFD set-up. The developments are implemented over six analysis cases with increasing complexity starting from a 2D geometry with mean wind inflow to a 3D geometry with turbulent inflow and real-time shape optimization. The application represents the CAARC tall building model, which has served as a benchmark model for many studies since the 1970’s when it was first developed. Base moments (bending and torsional moments) of the building are extracted for validation by comparison of the results with the benchmark study. Page 3 of 19 Deliverable 7.1
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Badia, S., A. Martín, J. Principe, C. Soriano, and R. Rossi. D3.1 Report on nonlinear domain decomposition preconditioners and release of the solvers. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.021.

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This document describes the industrial application, on which the developments of the project are implemented, and the CFD set-up. The developments are implemented over six analysis cases with increasing complexity starting from a 2D geometry with mean wind inflow to a 3D geometry with turbulent inflow and real-time shape optimization. The application represents the CAARC tall building model, which has served as a benchmark model for many studies since the 1970’s when it was first developed. Base moments (bending and torsional moments) of the building are extracted for validation by comparison of the results with the benchmark study. Page 3 of 19 Deliverable 7.1
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Brown, A. Hoof shape. Brooke, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.46746/gaw.2020.abi.hoo.shp.

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