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Su, Z. "Statistical shape modelling : automatic shape model building." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1213097/.
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Statistical Shape Models (SSM) have wide applications in image segmentation, surface registration and morphometry. This thesis deals with an important issue in SSM, which is establishing correspondence between a set of shape surfaces on either 2D or 3D. Current methods involve either manual annotation of the data (current ‘gold standard’); or establishing correspondences by using segmentation or registration algorithms; or using an information technique, Minimum Description Length (MDL), as an objective function that measures the utility of a model (the state-of-the-art). This thesis presents in principle another framework for establishing correspondences completely automatically by treating it as a learning process. Shannon theory is used extensively to develop an objective function, which measures the performance of a model along each eigenvector direction, and a proper weighting is automatically calculated for each energy component. Correspondence finding can then be treated as optimizing the objective function. An efficient optimization method is also incorporated by deriving the gradient of the cost function. Experimental results on various data are presented on both 2D and 3D. In the end, a quantitative evaluation between the proposed algorithm and MDL shows that the proposed model has better Generalization Ability, Specificity and similar Compactness. It also shows a good potential ability to solve the so-called “Pile Up” problem that exists in MDL. In terms of application, I used the proposed algorithm to help build a facial contour classifier. First, correspondence points across facial contours are found automatically and classifiers are trained by using the correspondence points found by the MDL, proposed method and direct human observer. These classification schemes are then used to perform gender prediction on facial contours. The final conclusion for the experiments is that MEM found correspondence points built classification scheme conveys a relatively more accurate gender prediction result. Although, we have explored the potential of our proposed method to some extent, this is not the end of the research for this topic. The future work is also clearly stated which includes more validations on various 3D datasets; discrimination analysis between normal and abnormal subjects could be the direct application for the proposed algorithm, extension to model-building using appearance information, etc.
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Swiegers, Jacobus Johannes. "Inlet and outlet shape design of natural circulation building ventilation systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97110.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Increased awareness of environmental problems has awakened interest in renewable energy systems. Natural ventilation systems are especially of interest, as people spend most of their time indoors. Indoor air quality is an important consideration when human health and occupant comfort is to be maintained. This study focusses on determining the best inlet and outlet shape for a natural ventilation system from a chosen set of configurations. The inlet and outlet configurations were tested on a PDEC (Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling) shaft and solar chimney. The PDEC incorporated an evaporative cartridge made from cotton cloth. Independent models of the PDEC and solar chimney were built in a thermally controlled space where the configurations were tested at different wind speeds. The configurations were tested on a wet or dry PDEC shaft and on a hot or cold solar chimney. One-dimensional finite difference models, accounting for some two-dimensional effects in the evaporative cartridge, of the cartridge and solar chimney were developed. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models were further constructed in FLUENTr, simulating operating conditions for each inlet and outlet test. The CFD models were constructed to obtain numerical comparisons for the experimental data. The ability of the one-dimensional and CFD models to predict the performance of the PDEC and solar chimney were investigated. The results indicated that an inlet configuration called a TFI (Turbine Fan Inlet) performed the best at the tested wind speeds. The TFI was further able to significantly increase volumetric flow rate in the PDEC shaft for the dry evaporative cartridge tests. The outlet that performed best under the tests is a Windmaster Tornado Wind Turbine, or Whirlybird, which is a commercially available configuration. The one-dimensional models were not able to accurately predict conditions during start-up. The CFD models were highly accurate in predicting the experimental values. It is recommended that a two-dimensional theoretical model be developed to better predict start-up conditions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verhoogde bewustheid van omgewings probleme het belangstelling in hernubare energie stelsels ontwaak. Natuurlike ventilasie stelsels is veral van belang, sedert mense die meeste van hul tyd binnenshuis spandeer. Binnenshuise lug kwaliteit is ’n belangrike oorweging wanneer menslike gesondheid en insittendes se gemak in stand gehou moet word. Hierdie studie fokus op die bepaling van die beste inlaat en uitlaat vorm van ’n gekose stel konfigurasies vir ’n natuurlike ventilasie-stelsel. Die inlaaten uitlaat-konfigurasies is op ’n PDEC (Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling) skag en sonkrag skoorsteen getoets. Die PDEC het ’n verdampings doek, gemaak van katoen, ingesluit. Onafhanklike modelle van die PDEC en sonkrag skoorsteen is in ’n termies-beheerde ruimte en die konfigurasies is by ’n onveranderende wind spoed getoets. Die konfigurasies is op ’n nat of droog PDEC skag en op ’n warm of koue son skoorsteen getoets. Een-dimensionele eindige verskil modelle, wat sommige twee-dimensionele effekte in ag neem in die verdampings doek, van die doek en sonkrag skoorsteen is ontwikkel. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelle is verder gebou in FLUENTr, wat die werkstoestande vir elke inlaat en uitlaat toets simuleer. Die CFD modelle is ontwikkel om die eksperimentele data met numeriese waardes te vergelyk. Die vermoë van die een-dimensionele en CFD modelle om die verrigting van die PDEC en sonkrag skoorsteen te voorspel, is ondersoek. Die resultate dui daarop dat ’n inlaat opset genoem TFI (Turbine Fan Inlet) die beste vaar by die elke getoetsde wind spoed. Die TFI was verder in staat om die volumetriese vloeitempo in die PDEC skag aansienlik te verhoog vir die toetse met ’n droë verdamping doek. Die uitlaat wat die beste presteer het in die toetse is ’n Windmaster Tornado Wind Turbine, of Whirlybird, wat ’n kommersieel beskikbare konfigurasie is. Die een-dimensionele modelle was nie in staat om die toestande tydens die begin-fase akkuraat te voorspel nie. Die CFD modelle was hoogs akkuraat in die voorspelling van die eksperimentele waardes. Dit word aanbeveel dat ’n twee-dimensionele teoretiese model ontwikkel word om die toestande tydens begin-fase beter te voorspel.
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Moyer, Craig E. "Vox Populi: The Crowdsourced Building." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1463130553.
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Olsson, Martin. "Thermal Shape Factor : The impact of the building shape and thermal properties on the heating energy demand in Swedish climates." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125076.
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In the year 2006, the energy performance directive 2002/91/EG was passed by the European Union, according to this directive the Swedish building code was supplemented by a key measure of energy use intensity (EUI). The implemented EUI equals some energy use within a building divided by its floor area and must be calculated in new housing estate and shown when renting or selling housing property. In order to improve the EUI, energy efficiency refurbishments could be implemented. Building energy simulation tools enables a virtual view a building model and can estimate the energy use before implementing any refurbishments. They are a powerful resource when determine the impact of the refurbishment measure. In order to obtain a correct model which corresponds to the actual energy use, some adjustments of the model are often needed. This process refers to as calibration. The used EUI has been criticized and thus, the first objective in this work was to suggest an alternative key measure of a buildings performance. The results showed that the currently used EUI is disfavoring some districts in Sweden. New housing estate in the far north must take more refined actions in order to fulfill the regulation demand, given that the users are behaving identical regardless where the house is located. Further, the suggested measure is less sensitive to the users’ behavior than the presently used EUI. It also has a significance meaning in building design as it relating the building shape and thermal properties and stating that extreme building shapes must undergo a stricter thermal construction rather than buildings that are more compact. Thus, the suggested key measure also creates a communication link between architects and the consultant constructors. The second objective of this thesis has been to investigate a concept of calibration using the data normally provided by energy bills, i.e. some monthly aggregated data. A case study serves to answer this objective, by using the building energy simulation tool IDA ICE 4.7 and a building located in Umeå, Sweden. The findings showed that the used calibration approach yielded a model considered as calibrated in eleven of twelve months. Furthermore, the method gives a closer agreement to the actual heat demand rather than using templates and standardized values. The major explanation of the deviation was influence of the users, but also that the case study building burden with large heat losses by domestic hot water circulation and thus, more buildings should be subjected to this calibration approach.
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Cai, Bin, Arezoo Dianat, Rene Hübner, Wei Liu, Dan Wen, Albrecht Benad, Luisa Sonntag, Thomas Gemming, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Multimetallic Hierarchical Aerogels: Shape-engineering of the Building Blocks for efficient electrocatalysis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236145.
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A new class of multimetallic hierarchical aerogels composed entirely of interconnected Ni‐PdxPty nano‐building‐blocks with in situ engineered morphologies and compositions is demonstrated. The underlying mechanism of the galvanic shape‐engineering is elucidated in terms of nanowelding of intermediate nanoparticles. The hierarchical aerogels integrate two levels of porous structures, leading to improved electrocatalysis performance.
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Mora, Carlos F. "Particle size and shape analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22030153.
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Liu, Yang. "Quantitative Comparison of Lidar Data and User-generated Three-dimensional Building Models From Google Building Maker." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149632/.
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Volunteered geographic information (VGI) has received increased attention as a new paradigm for geographic information production, while light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is widely applied to many fields. This study quantitatively compares LiDAR data and user-generated 3D building models created using Google Building Maker, and investigate the potential applications of the quantitative measures in support of rapid disaster damage assessment. User-generated 3D building models from Google Building Maker are compared with LiDAR-derived building models using 3D shape signatures. Eighteen 3D building models are created in Fremont, California using the Google Building Maker, and six shape functions (distance, angle, area, volume, slope, and aspect) are applied to the 18 LiDAR-derived building models and user-generated ones. A special case regarding the comparison between LiDAR data and building models with indented walls is also discussed. Based on the results, several conclusions are drawn, and limitations that require further study are also discussed.
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Nelson, Eric (Eric Freeman) 1964. "Dynamic building enclosures : the design of an innovative constructive system which permits mechanically-driven, computer-controlled shape transformations to the building envelope." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69400.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85).
Dynamic Building Enclosures is a system of prefabricated, lightweight, kit-of-parts wall and/or roof elements. This system has the unique capability of dynamically altering, or mutating its shape in reaction to changing user requirements or site climate conditions through the manipulation of a mechanically-driven, computer-controlled frame. The system's ability to actively accommodate multiple functions (potentially with high-performance specifications) within a single space would make it appropriate and desirable for application to a broad spectrum of building typologies. It is postulated that industrial fabrication of standardized elements will increase its economic viability-especially when compared to the multitude of expensive, static, specialized building components it would replace. Since it reacts to optimize environmental performance (temperature, humidity, acoustics, ventilation, and lighting) in changing site conditions it will also be more environmentally responsive and energy-efficient than conventional systems. The objective of this research is to explore the potential gains to users and the building industry of developing an industrially produced building system without the generally associated drawbacks of monotonous, repetitive layouts; inflexibility to changes of use, and the inability to adapt to varying site conditions. The prefabricated kit-of-parts which comprise the system will overlay the complementary structural behavior of form-active structures (cable, tent and arch systems), and vectoractive structures (trusses and space trusses) . The building system design will include: a strut; a node, which will allow the rotation of the struts to accommodate non-regular geometries, and an enclosure system which maintains the desired separation of interior and exterior environments for the various spatial configurations.
by Eric Nelson.
S.M.
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Pérez, Sala Xavier. "Extending procrustes analysis : building multi-view 2-D models from 3-D human shape samples." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299209.
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This dissertation formalizes the construction of multi-view 2D shape models from 3D data. We propose several extensions of the well-known Procrustes Analysis (PA) algorithm that allow modeling rigid and non-rigid transformations in an efficient manner. The proposed strategies are successfully tested on faces and human bodies datasets.
In human perception applications one can set physical restrictions, such as defining faces and human skeletons as sets of anatomical landmarks or articulated bodies. However, the high variation of facial expressions and human postures from different viewpoints makes problems like face tracking or human pose estimation extremely challenging. The common approach to handle large viewpoint variations is training the models with several labeled images from different viewpoints. However, this approach has several important drawbacks: (1) it is not clear how much it is necessary to enhance the dataset with images from different viewpoints in order to build unbiased 2D models; (2) extending the training set without this evaluation would unnecessarily increase memory and computation requirements to train the models; and (3) obtaining new labeled images from different viewpoints can be a difficult task because of the expensive labeling cost; finally, (4) a non-uniform coverage of the different viewpoints of a person leads to biased 2D models. In this dissertation we propose successive extensions of PA to address these issues.
First of all, we introduce Projected Procrustes Analysis (PPA) as a formalization for building multi-view 2D rigid models from 3D datasets. PPA rotates and projects every 3D training shape and builds a multi-view 2D model from this enhanced training set. We also introduce common parameterizations of rotations, as well as mechanisms to uniformly sample the rotation space. We show that uniformly distributed rotations generate unbiased 2D models, while non-uniform rotations lead to models representing some viewpoints better than others.
Although PPA has been successful in building multi-view 2D models, it requires an enhanced dataset that increases the computational requirements in space and time. In order to address these PA and PPA drawbacks, we propose Continuous Procrustes Analysis (CPA). CPA extends PPA within a functional analysis framework and constructs multi-view 2D rigid models in an efficient way through integrating all possible rotations in a given domain. We show that CPA models are inherently unbiased because of their integral formulation. However, CPA is not able to capture non-rigid deformations from the dataset.
Next, in order to efficiently compute multi-view 2D deformable models from 3D data, we introduce Subspace Procrustes Analysis (SPA). By adding a subspace in the PA formulation, SPA is able to model non-rigid deformations, as well as rigid 3D transformations of the training set. We developed a discrete (DSPA) and continuous (CSPA) formulation to provide a better understanding of the problem, where DSPA samples and CSPA integrates the 3D rotation space.
Finally, we illustrate the benefits of our multi-view 2D deformable models in the task of human pose estimation. We first reformulate the problem as feature selection by subspace matching, and propose an efficient approach for this task. Our method is much more efficient than the state-of-the-art feature selection by subspace matching approaches, and it is able to handle larger number of outliers. Next, we show that our multi-view 2D deformable models, combined with the subspace matching method, outperform state-of-the-art methods of human pose estimation. Our approach is more accurate in the joint positions and limb lengths because we use unbiased 2D models trained on 3D Motion Capture datasets. Our models are not biased to any particular point of view and they can successfully reconstruct different non-rigid deformations and viewpoints. Moreover, they are efficient in both learning and test times.En esta tesis se formaliza la construcción de modelos multivista 2D a partir de datos 3D, a través de varias extensiones del conocido método Procrustes Analysis (PA). Las extensiones propuestas permiten modelar transformaciones rígidas y no rígidas eficientemente, y se han puesto a prueba en bases de datos de caras y cuerpos humanos. Las aplicaciones donde se perciben humanos permiten establecer restricciones físicas, tales como definir caras y esqueletos como conjuntos de puntos anatómicos. Sin embargo, la gran variación que sufren las expresiones faciales y las posturas humanas desde distintos puntos de vista convierten problemas como el seguimiento de caras o la estimación de la postura humana en retos extremadamente complejos. El planteamiento habitual para gestionar grandes variaciones de punto de vista consiste en entrenar los modelos con imágenes etiquetadas tomadas con distintas orientaciones. Sin embargo, este enfoque sufre importantes inconvenientes: (1) no queda claro cuántas imágenes adicionales con distintas orientaciones son necesarias con tal de construir modelos 2D no sesgados por ningún punto de vista; (2) extender el conjunto de datos de entrenamiento sin esta evaluación incrementaría innecesariamente el coste computacional en tiempo y en memoria; (3) obtener nuevas imágenes etiquetadas con distintas orientaciones puede tratarse de una tarea compleja debido al elevado coste del etiquetado manual; finalmente, (4) no cubrir uniformemente los distintos puntos de vista de una persona conduce a modelos sesgados. En esta tesis se proponen sucesivas extensiones de PA para hacer frente a estos problemas. Primero, proponemos Projected Procrustes Analysis (PPA) para formalizar la construcción de modelos rígidos multivista 2D a partir de conjuntos de datos 3D. PPA rota y proyecta cada objeto 3D y construye un modelo 2D a partir de este conjunto de datos enriquecido. También mostramos como rotaciones uniformemente distribuidas generan modelos 2D no sesgados, mientras rotaciones no uniformes conducen a modelos que representan algunos puntos de vista mejor que otros. Aunque PPA construye modelos multivista 2D, necesita un conjunto de entrenamiento enriquecido que incrementa los requisitos computacionales. Para solventar este problema de PA y PPA, proponemos Continuous Procrustes Analysis (CPA). CPA extiende PPA en un marco de análisis funcional y construye modelos rígidos multivista 2D de un modo eficiente, integrando todas las posibles rotaciones en un dominio dado. Mostramos como los modelos generados con CPA son inherentemente no sesgados debido a la formulación integral. Sin embargo, CPA no captura las deformaciones no rígidas de los datos. En consecuencia, proponemos Subspace Procrustes Analysis (SPA) con el objetivo de construir modelos deformables multivista 2D de un modo eficiente a partir de datos 3D. Añadiendo un subespacio a la formulación de PA, SPA es capaz de modelar deformaciones no rígidas, así como transformaciones 3D de los datos. Desarrollamos una formulación discreta (DSPA) y otra continua (CSPA), donde DSPA muestrea y CSPA integra el espacio de rotaciones 3D. Finalmente, ilustramos las ventajas de nuestros modelos deformables multivista 2D en la tarea de estimar la postura humana. Primero reformulamos el problema como una selección de características por subespacio coincidente y proponemos un método para resolver esta tarea eficientemente. Después, mostramos como nuestros modelos multivista 2D, combinados con la selección de características por subespacio coincidente, mejoran el estado del arte de estimación de la pose humana. Nuestro método es más preciso en la posición de las articulaciones y la longitud de las extremidades por el uso de modelos multivista 2D entrenados en bases de datos de captura de movimiento 3D. Nuestros modelos no están sesgados por punto de vista y pueden reconstruir deformaciones rígidas y no rígidas. Además, estos modelos son eficientes tanto en su construcción como en su uso
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Kozinski, Mateusz. "Segmentation of facade images with shape priors." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1017/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse concerne l'analyse automatique d'images de façades de bâtiments à partir de descriptions formelles à priori de formes géométriques. Ces informations suggérées par un utilisateur permettent de modéliser, de manière formelle, des contraintes spatiales plus ou moins dures quant à la segmentation sémantique produite par le système. Ceci permet de se défaire de deux principaux écueils inhérents aux méthodes d'analyse de façades existantes qui concernent d'une part la coûteuse fidélité de la segmentation résultante aux données visuelles de départ, d'autre part, la spécificité architecturale des règles imposées lors du processus de traitement. Nous proposons d'explorer au travers de cette thèse, différentes méthodes alternatives à celles proposées dans la littérature en exploitant un formalisme de représentation d'à priori de haut niveau d'abstraction, les propriétés engendrées par ces nouvelles méthodes ainsi que les outils de résolution mis en œuvres par celles-ci. Le système résultant est évalué tant quantitativement que qualitativement sur de multiples bases de données standards et par le biais d'études comparatives à des approches à l'état de l'art en la matière. Parmi nos contributions, nous pouvons citer la combinaison du formalisme des grammaires de graphes exprimant les variations architecturales de façades de bâtiments et les modèles graphiques probabilistes modélisant l'énergie attribuée à une configuration paramétrique donnée, dans un schéma d'optimisation par minimisation d'énergie; ainsi qu'une nouvelle approche par programmation linéaire d'analyse avec à priori de formes. Enfin, nous proposons un formalisme flexible de ces à priori devançant de par ses performances les méthodes à l'état de l'art tout en combinant les avantages de la généricité de contraintes simples manuellement imposées par un utilisateur, à celles de la précision de la segmentation finale qui se faisait jusqu'alors au prix d'un encodage préliminaire restrictif de règles grammaticales complexes propres à une famille architecturale donnée. Le système décrit permet également de traiter avec robustesse des scènes comprenant des objets occultants et pourrait encore être étendu notamment afin de traiter l'extension tri-dimensionnelle de la sémantisation d'environnements urbains sous forme de nuages de points 3D ou d'une analyse multi-image de bâtimentsThe aim of this work is to propose a framework for facade segmentation with user-defined shape priors. In such a framework, the user specifies a shape prior using a rigorously defined shape prior formalism. The prior expresses a number of hard constraints and soft preference on spatial configuration of segments, constituting the final segmentation. Existing approaches to the problem are affected by a compromise between the type of constraints, the satisfaction of which can be guaranteed by the segmentation algorithm, and the capability to approximate optimal segmentations consistent with a prior. In this thesis we explore a number of approaches to facade parsing that combine prior formalism featuring high expressive power, guarantees of conformance of the resulting segmentations to the prior, and effective inference. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on a number of datasets. Since one of our focus points is the accuracy gain resulting from more effective inference algorithms, we perform a fair comparison to existing methods, using the same data term. Our contributions include a combination of graph grammars for expressing variation of facade structure with graphical models encoding the energy of models of given structures for different positions of facade elements. We also present the first linear formulation of facade parsing with shape priors. Finally, we propose a shape prior formalism that enables formulating the problem of optimal segmentation as the inference in a Markov random field over the standard four-connected grid of pixels. The last method advances the state of the art by combining the flexibility of a user-defined grammar with segmentation accuracy that was reserved for frameworks with pre-defined priors before. It also enables handling occlusions by simultaneously recovering the structure of the occluded facade and segmenting the occluding objects. We believe that it can be extended in many directions, including semantizing three-dimensional point clouds and parsing images of general urban scenes
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JIANG, JING. "Topologically Designed Cylindrical and Spherical Building Blocks to Construct Modular-Assembled Structures in Giant Shape-Amphiphiles." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523855196482307.
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He, Han M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Applications of reference cycle building and K-shape clustering for anomaly detection in the semiconductor manufacturing process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120246.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Advanced Manufacturing and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-69).
Early and accurate anomaly detection plays a key role in reducing costs and improving benefits, especially for complicated and time-consuming manufacturing such as semiconductor production. A case study of detecting anomalies from several monitored parameters during one plasma etching process is presented in this thesis. The thesis focuses on optimized ways to build reference cycles, or centroids of univariate parameters, a critical component to determine clustering accuracy and to facilitate process engineers' offline anomaly detections and diagnoses. Three time series centroid building methods are discussed and evaluated in the thesis, arithmetic, the Dynamic Time Warping Barycenter Averaging (DBA), and the soft-DTW-based centroid. As a result, DBA is chosen considering its comprehensive performance of accuracy and calculation time. Optimizations on DBA is further discussed to reduce calculation time. The window constraint, as well as the recalculation method of combining the previous centroid and new datasets, substantially reduce calculation time with slight accuracy loss. Based upon one centroid building method, shape extraction, a novel clustering method, k-shape, is implemented and applied to the plasma etching process. It is found that it achieves great accuracy with substantially shorter calculation time than one mainstream clustering method, k-means.
by Han He.
M. Eng. in Advanced Manufacturing and Design
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Ramos, Pablo D. Jr. "SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF A BRIDGE-TYPE BUILDING STRUCTURE." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/944.
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The Bridge House is a steel building structure located in Poly Canyon, a rural area inside the campus of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. The Bridge House is a one story steel structure supported on 4 concrete piers with a lateral force resisting system (LFRS) composed of ordinary moment frames in the N-S direction and braced frames in the E-W direction and vertically supported by a pair of trusses. The dynamic response of the Bridge House was investigated by means of system identification through ambient and forced vibration testing. Interesting findings such as diaphragm flexibility, foundation flexibility and frequency shifts due to thermal effects were all found throughout the mode shape mapping process. Nine apparent mode shapes were experimentally identified, N-S and E-W translational, rotational and 6 vertical modes. A computational model was also created and refined through correlation with the modal parameters obtained through FVTs. When compared to the experimental results, the computational model estimated the experimentally determined building period within 8% and 10% for both N-S and E-W translational modes and within 10% for 4 of the vertical modes.
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MENDES, CARLA MARTINS. "BUILDING INTIMACY: SHAME AND MODESTY IN THE FAMILY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36237@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Os sentimentos de vergonha e de pudor desempenham funções reguladoras no processo de construção da intimidade, em particular na família. O contexto social contemporâneo, em consonância com a maior igualdade nas posições familiares, favorece o emergir da vergonha social. A diluição da transmissão geracional do pudor reflete-se na desvalorização da função da família de preservação de intimidade. Esta pesquisa apresentada em formato de artigo teve como objetivo investigar a vergonha e o pudor na intimidade da família. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos foram entrevistados 8 sujeitos independentes, 5 mulheres e 3 homens, com filhos entre os 12 anos e 18 anos. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo o método de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que os participantes estabelecem relações de maior proximidade com os filhos e evidenciam um afastamento da transmissão da vergonha e do pudor associados ao campo sexual, em relação às gerações anteriores. Demonstram que o sentimento de vergonha está relacionado à valorização da imagem familiar e social. Os participantes associaram o sentimento de vergonha à exposição da intimidade dos filhos nas redes sociais, evidenciando uma preocupação com a sua imagem social e profissional.
The feelings of shame and modesty play a regulatory role in the process of building intimacy, particularly in the family. The contemporary social context, in keeping with the greater equality in family positions, favors the emergence of social shame. Generational transmission of modesty is diminished and is reflected in the devaluation of the preservation of intimacy in the function of the family. This research in article format aimed to investigate the shame and the modesty in the intimacy of the family. In order to achieve the proposal objectives, 8 independent people were interviewed, 5 women and 3 men, with children between 12 and 18 years. The interviews were analyzed by the content analysis method. It was observed that the participants established closer relationships with their children and demonstrated a distance from the transmission of shame and modesty associated with sexual field, in relation to the previous generations. They demonstrated that the feeling of shame is related to the appreciation of the family and social image. The participants associated the feeling of shame with the exposure of children s intimacy in social networks, demonstrating a concern with their social and professional image.
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Abohela, Islam Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed. "Effect of roof shape, wind direction, building height and urban configuration on the energy yield and positioning of roof mounted wind turbines." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1686.
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The increasing interest among architects and planners in designing environmentally friendly buildings has led to a desire to explore and integrate renewable sources of energy within the built environment. Roof mounted wind turbines is a technology that presents a high potential for integration within the built environment. However, there is a state of uncertainty regarding the viability of these wind turbines. This thesis argues that part of this uncertainty is attributed to uninformed decisions about positioning and locating urban wind turbines. This is underpinned by lack of consideration to the wind accelerating effect of different roof shapes, buildings’ heights and surrounding urban configurations. This thesis aims to investigate the effect of different roof shapes on wind acceleration and positioning of roof mounted wind turbines covering different buildings’ heights within different urban configurations under different wind directions. To achieve the aim of the thesis, the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 12.1, implementing the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, is used to simulate wind flow around different roof shapes, different buildings’ heights and different urban settings. Predictions are comparatively analysed to identify the optimum roof shape for mounting wind turbines. Simulation results indicate that the barrel vaulted roof has the highest wind accelerating effect. The barrel vaulted roof shape case was carried further to investigate the effect of building height and surrounding urban configurations on the energy yield and positioning of roof mounted wind turbines. The optimum mounting location for each of the investigated roof shapes namely: flat, domed, gabled, pyramidal, barrel vaulted and wedged roofs is identified. Results from the investigation predict a possible increase up to 56.1% in energy yield in the case of a barrel vaulted roof if an informed wind assessment above buildings’ roofs is carried out. However, changing the building height and surrounding urban configuration had an effect on choosing the optimum mounting location and the energy yield at that location.
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Hossain, Afrin. "Seismic Performance of concrete buildings reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloy rebars." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44785.
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In this study, superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) rebar was used as reinforcement in the plastic hinge regions of reinforced concrete beams. Twenty different reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames of three different heights (3, 6, and 8-storys) were used in this study where SMA is gradually introduced from level 1 to the top most floor. The frames were designed according to the recent code of (CSA A23.3-04 2004) and assumed to be located in the high seismic zone of Western Canada. Nonlinear static pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis, (IDA) considering 20 earthquake records were performed to determine the best distribution of SMA rebars and investigate the seismic performance factors (SPFs). The best distribution of SMA rebars was determined based on the results of the seismic performance of steel and SMA frames obtained from the nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) in terms of the maximum inter-story drift ratio (Max.ISDR), maximum residual inter-story drift ratio (Max.RISDR), roof drift ratio (RoofDR) and residual roof drift ratio (RRoofDR). The seismic performance of the SMA RC frames was evaluated where the acceptability of a trial value of the response modification coefficient, R factor was assessed and appropriate values of system overstrength factor, Ω0 and the deflection amplification factor, Cd were determined. The recent FEMA P695 (2009) methodology, was followed for this purpose. The obtained results on SPFs of all individual frames from nonlinear static pushover analysis (POA) and incremental non-linear dynamic analysis, (IDA) represent that the proposed seismic factors were within the range of permissible limit and when subjected to maximum considered earthquake, (MCE) a sufficient margin could be provided against collapse. Steel-SMA-RC frames experienced 4%-17% lower probability of collapse compared to the steel-RC frames.
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Petersson, Viktor, and Andreas Svanberg. "Operational modal analysis and finite element modeling of a low-rise timber building." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105208.
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Timber is a building material that is becoming more common and of interest for use in high-rise buildings. One of the reasons is that timber requires less energy input for the manufacturing process of the material compared to non-wood based materials. When designing high- rise timber buildings it is of great significance to understand the dynamic behavior of the structure. One method to obtain the dynamic properties is to use Operational Modal Analysis, which is based on the structural response from operational use. Finite element (FE) analysis is a tool which can be used for dynamic analysis for large structures. In this study an Operation Modal Analysis (OMA) was conducted on a four-story timber building in Växjö. A finite element model was created of the same building using commercial FE packages. Based on the mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained from the OMA, the FE model was fine-tuned. The purpose of this thesis is to gain knowledge of which parameters that might have a significant role in finite element modelling for a structural dynamic analysis. The aim is to develop a finite element model that accurately simulates the dynamic behavior of the tested building. It was shown from the result that is possible with an enough detailed FE model to capture the dynamic behaviour of a structure. The parameters that had the largest effect on the result can be pointed to the mass and the stiffness of the structure.Trä är ett byggnadsmaterial som börjar bli allt mer vanligt och är av intresse att använda som stommaterial för höga byggnader. En anledning till detta är att det krävs mindre energi i tillverkningsfasen för trä jämfört med stål och betong. Vid dimensionering av höga träbyggnader är det essentiellt att förstå byggnadens dynamiska egenskaper. För att ta fram en byggnads dynamiska egenskaper kan en metod som benämns Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) tillämpas vilken baseras på byggnadens rörelser vid daglig användning. Finita element (FE) metoden är ett verktyg som kan användas vid dynamisk analys för större byggnader. I detta arbete genomfördes en OMA för ett fyravåningshus med trästomme beläget i Växjö. Genom användning av kommersiella FE-mjukvaror togs en finita element modell av samma byggnad fram. Baserat på de egenfrekvenser och egenmoder erhållna från OMA, uppdaterades FE-modellen därefter. Syftet med detta arbete är att erhålla kunskap kring vilka parametrar som har betydelse vid FE-modellering med hänsyn till dynamisk analys. Syftet är även att validera den prototyp av datainsamlingsenhet som använts vid fältmätningen. Målet med arbetet är att ta fram en FE-modell som på ett korrekt sätt beskriver den testade byggnadens dynamiska beteende. Resultatet av arbetet påvisar att med en tillräckligt detaljerad FE-modell är det möjligt att erhålla en byggnads dynamiska egenskaper. De parametrar som har störst inverkan på resultatet är byggnadens styvhet och inkluderad massa.
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Montás, Laracuente Nelson Bernardo. "Performance Software Approaches for Kinetic Architecture: Programmable Matter Based Simulations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378359.
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The Ph.D. project is basically an investigation and development concerning kinetic architecture design software support that will be used to simulate the behavior of shape memory materials (SMM-- specifically Nickel-Titanium --Ni-Ti-- alloys, Linear -LCP- and multi-block co-polymers -MBCP-) and which will work as either a plug-in, an add-on or a script in an already existing design platform (like Rhino/Grasshopper or Processing) preferably (but not limited to) Open Source that can give architects and engineers the ability to design and test-run kinetic components and, hopefully someday, entire buildings in a digital work space, before having to do so in a laboratory environment.
The project's theoretical framework is based on William Zuk's and Michael Fox's kinetic architecture concepts, Dan Raviv and Skylar Tibbits's work on programmable matter within the Self Assembly Lab at MIT while it also touches some of Dennis Dollens ideas about utilizing generative software tools and methods to address architectural design (specifically, a paper called The Cathedral Is Alive: Animating Biomimetic Architecture). Its most important theoretical objective is to find ways in which to utilize these materials within the conception and development of passive kitnetic architecture systems (K. A. which is, as of today, mostly computer controlled --therefore, electricity consuming).
The material science aspect of the project is being informed by Otsuka & Wayman's research about Nickel-Titanium1 (Ni-Ti) alloys, Lendelein & Kelch's research about shape-memory polymers, Rottiers et al.'s research about SMM and their applications3. To test and develop the software functionality it is needed to analyze certain examples of kinetic architecture (as case studies) and to understand how to mathematically model (and subsequently code in the program's application programming interface -API- and/or user interface -UI-) the material's properties in order to compute and simulate their behavior in the program's work space (in relation to their stimulus/form/movement). This thesis will carry out experiments in that direction and arrive at conclusions about the subject matter.
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Rimal, Sujan Kumar, and Levi Grennvall. "Analysis of Tripod shaped high rise building using Tubed Mega Frame structures." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209677.
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Most of the tall buildings that are built today have a straight and vertical shape, because vertical buildings are more stable and easily built than slanted ones. In the case of vertical building, bending moments in the base only exists from horizontal loads such as wind and seismic loads, but in slanted buildings there will also be bending moments from dead and live loads. In addition, transportation inside the building is also a challenge when it comes to slanted buildings. However, a new elevator system that ThyssenKrupp has developed will solve that problem. This new elevator has an ability to move in all direction both vertically and horizontally. The new structural system, Tube Mega Frame (TMF), has been studied and proved to have better efficiency than the central core with outriggers. Moving the bearing structure to the perimeter of the building, gives smaller overturning moment and better stability due to longer lever arm from the center. This thesis focuses on applying the Tube Mega Frame system to a slanted building which has a tripod structure. Different types of TMFs were used to compare the efficiency of the buildings performance. The TMF contains perimeter frame and mega columns with different binding systems such as belt walls and bracings. A pre-study has been carried out in order to see the overall behavior of the tripod shape. Different heights and inclinations have been analyzed with stick models. The analysis has been performed in the finite element software SAP2000 and deflections due to dead load was compared. The buildings with least deflection considering maximum height and maximum inclination was chosen for further model analysis in finite element software ETABS. Furthermore, a short study of different bracings system has been performed for the lateral loads and it concluded that X-bracing have better performance. The main study of this thesis focused on the two building models of 450 m with 7° inclination and 270 and 15° inclination. For each model, five different TMF systems were applied and analyzed. The TMF includes perimeter frame, perimeter frame with belt wall, mega columns, mega columns with belt wall and mega columns with bracings. Deformations due to wind load, seismic load and modal vibration has been compared. It concluded that the least deformation is achieved by the TMF mega columns with bracings for both models with two different heights. The periods of the building are comparatively lower than other systems. The deflection from TMF mega columns with belt walls did not differ much from the TMF mega columns with bracings. For the 270 m high building, the top story displacement was remarkably small because of the three legs, making it stiffer and stable. Even with the p delta effect, there were only millimeters of difference in top story displacement. TMF perimeter frame had a lower deflection than with belt wall, which should have been exact opposite. The reason was while making the total volume of buildings equal, the addition of belt walls led to thinner columns in the perimeter and lower stiffness.
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Al-Dossary, Mona K. "A study of current residential buildings in Al-Khobar and the forces that shape them." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343772.
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Taftali, Berk. "Probabilistic Seismic Demand Assessment of Steel Frames with Shape Memory Alloy Connections." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16271.
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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) exhibit the ability to undergo large deformations but can recover permanent strains via heating (shape memory effect) or when stress is removed (superelastic effect). This study evaluates the comparative seismic performance of steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs) with innovative beam-to-column connections that use SMA bars as connecting elements. The performance evaluation studies are based on two types of SMA beam-to-column connections: (1) superelastic SMA connections with recentering capability; (2) martensitic SMA connections with high energy dissipation capacity. Fiber models for these SMA connections are implemented in the OpenSees finite element framework, and are verified against data from full-scale experimental tests that were performed on a prototype SMA connection in previous research at Georgia Tech. Three- and a nine-story model buildings with partially-restrained (PR) moment frames are selected from the SAC Phase II Project as case studies. Non-linear time history analyses on these model buildings, with and without SMA connections, are conducted using suites of ground acceleration records from the SAC Phase II project that represent different seismic hazard levels. Several SMA connections are designed for each structure, and their effect on peak and residual inter-story drift angles, connection rotations, and normalized dissipated hysteretic energy demands are investigated to determine the most suitable design. Finally, the seismic demands on the model buildings with conventional PR and selected SMA connections are evaluated in a probabilistic framework. The resulting seismic demand relationships are used to assess the effectiveness of the SMA connections in enhancing the building performance over a range of demand levels.
The results of this performance evaluation show that the SMA connections are most effective in controlling structural response under high levels of seismic intensity leading to large deformation demands. In particular, the energy dissipating SMA connections are found to be effective in reducing maximum deformation demands, while the recentering SMA connections are more suitable for controlling residual deformations in the structure.
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Muthukumar, Subrahmanyam. "The application of advanced inventory techniques in urban inventory data development to earthquake risk modeling and mitigation in mid-America." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26662.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--City Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: French, Steven P.; Committee Member: Drummond, William; Committee Member: Goodno, Barry; Committee Member: McCarthy, Patrick; Committee Member: Yang, Jiawen. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Adams, Kevin J. "Preaching grace to image-saturated audiences building a grace-full congregation in a video-shaped world /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Powell, Meriel. "Exploring the territory of shame : building awareness of ways in and out of shame through a co-creative investigation of metaphors around the shame experience." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21310/.
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The aim of the present qualitative heuristic and hermeneutic phenomenological study was to create a broad and accurate picture of the shame affect and provide both a description of the experience of the torment of shame, and ways out of shame. Five experienced psychotherapists, interested in shame, working as supervisors, trainers, managers of counselling and psychotherapy services, and writers of psychotherapy books, participated in seven semi-structured interviews totalling seven hours. The interviews focused on the use of metaphors when working with shame issues in therapy, supervision and training, which yielded 2155 metaphors. A thematic analysis was conducted on the 301 rated strongest metaphors in the data, which were coded and put into themes and sub-themes. This was condensed into a detailed discussion on the 22 most poetical and striking multi-layered conceptual metaphors offering the richest descriptions of the nature of shame and ways of dealing with it. The analysis initially produced a picture of the phenomenon of shame as a complex process, made up of negative, positive and middle-ground metaphors about defences which were called ‘bridging’ metaphors. This showed shame as an experience of Isolation, Powerlessness, Sensory agony, Self-consciousness and Woundedness, with multiple ways of presenting itself (or camouflaging itself). The analysis also showed key consistent themes of ways out of shame as a secure Relationship, involving core conditions of warmth, non-judgementalism, empathy and trust; Knowledge, involving curiosity, vulnerability, recognising, exploring and understanding; Creativity involving imaginative/unorthodox use of language, inner and outer dialogue and image, creative adjustments and strategies; and Acceptance, involving acknowledging and accepting shame compassionately, with good humour, as a normal part of life. Defence mechanisms, both helpful to protect us, and unhelpful, to maintain stuck shame positions, were identified. Shame work involves becoming familiar with the deep and wide phenomenon of shame, talking about it, understanding the defences that hold us in shame, working through and reconciling to the reality of shame. The researchers’ metaphorical journey of exploration through the multi-faceted landscape of shame with the participants and her own seven year study of the heuristic shame experience led to healing and crystallisation. The metaphors were integrated into a map of the territory of shame, held together in the wisdom offered in 09’s metaphor: “Love is the antidote to shame”. The concepts of “The Four E’s of Shame: Entering, Engaging with, Expressing and Embracing shame”, and also “Creative Assertiveness” were introduced.
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Ferreira, Vasco Guedes. "The analysis of primary metered half-hourly electricity and gas consumption in municipal buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3268.
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This thesis addressed the need for improved analysis and interpretation of primary meter half-hourly energy consumption data. The current work offers a novel benchmarking technique that was tested for 6 types of municipal buildings. This approach is different from conventional annual benchmarking mainly because it uses electricity and gas data in half-hourly periods, together with outside temperature data. A survey to European local authorities’ metering and monitoring practices was conducted in order to assess municipal energy managers' current procedures and needs in terms of data analysis to assess building energy performance and to identify potential energy saving opportunities. The benchmarking approach was developed considering the energy managers’ needs, but also the state-of the art in terms of building energy monitoring techniques, particularly building energy signatures, and the analysis techniques used on electricity grid demand forecasting. The benchmarking approach is based on the use of a metric composed of several indicators that are related to the load demand shape profile and the building energy signature. The comparison of indicators for buildings of the same type using standard scores identifies uncommon load demand profile characteristics and/or gas dependency on outside temperature in specific buildings. The metric is able to support the identification of potential energy wastage, which is linked to the detection of opportunities to save energy. The benchmarking technique was tested in 81 municipal building owned by Leicester City Council. This methodology can be applied to any non-domestic building equipped with primary meters for registering half-hourly electricity and gas consumption. In theory, this approach can also be applied to residential buildings, and to other short time series data types, for example quarter-hourly or 10 minutes interval data. The main contribution of this thesis is to improve the objectivity of building primary meter half-hourly electricity and gas consumption data analysis and interpretation by using quantitative parameters, instead of subjective visualisation techniques. The interpretation of building consumption data in short time series periods can now be streamlined, automated and perhaps incorporated in existing energy analysis software. This thesis raises questions that can lead to future research projects aiming to improve the metric and also to enlarge the scope of its application to national and European scale, to other building types and to other utilities.
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Liu, Lu. "Using blocks to construct 3D shapes and create transformation animations." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4869.
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The objective of this research is to develop methods by which we can use blocks to
approximate the shapes of 3D objects and to generate shape transformation animations.
Two graphic tools are developed. One assists the animator in constructing 3D shapes
with bricks of different sizes and matching up the different shapes. The other tool helps
the animator generate a transformation animation of those bricks. Using polygon shape
data, these tools can procedurally place the bricks and control their animation. Several
different methods for animation are introduced. Those methods provide different ways to
generate animation paths of the blocks. The no path animation and the straight path
animation are easy for the animator to create and the animation time is easily controlled.
The flocking animation will provide more interesting effect.
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Demirok, Emel. "3d-fe Model Field-calibration And Rating Studies On Existing R/c Buildings." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607223/index.pdf.
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Dynamic instrumentation and a series of ambient vibration tests were performed on a four storey strengthened R/C building within the scope of this study. Traffic load and wind load were accepted as natural dynamic loads and the vibrations were recorded by sensitive accelerometers.For that study, 12 uniaxial, 1 triaxial accelerometers and a 15 channel data logger system were used.
Four sets of dynamic measurements were recorded over a period of 6 months. Recorded readings were analyzed using UPC, PC and CVA algorithms and Artemis software. The natural freqeuncies, mode shape of the tested building were determined. The experimental results were compared against each other. A 3D-FE model of the building was prepared and analytical results were also compared against experimental results.The calibration (updating) of the analytical model was carried out using the experimentally obtained mode shapes and freqeunices.
The results of the study indicate that first few mode shapes and freqeuncies of the building can be obtained successfully within zero to 10 Hz range using ambient monitoring. Field calibrated FE models can effectively simulate the first translational and torsional modes of the building. Calibration studies indicate that the upper floor is more flexible than the nominal model and there are weaknesses between the shear wall and roof slab connections.
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Zhang, Zhi, and Zhi Zhang. "Analytical Investigation of Inertial Force-Limiting Floor Anchorage System for Seismic Resistant Building Structures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625385.
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This dissertation describes the analytical research as part of a comprehensive research program to develop a new floor anchorage system for seismic resistant design, termed the Inertial Force-limiting Floor Anchorage System (IFAS).
The IFAS intends to reduce damage in seismic resistant building structures by limiting the inertial force that develops in the building during earthquakes. The development of the IFAS is being conducted through a large research project involving both experimental and analytical research. This dissertation work focuses on analytical component of this research, which involves stand-alone computational simulation as well as analytical simulation in support of the experimental research (structural and shake table testing).
The analytical research covered in this dissertation includes four major parts:
(1) Examination of the fundamental dynamic behavior of structures possessing the IFAS (termed herein IFAS structures) by evaluation of simple two-degree of freedom systems (2DOF). The 2DOF system is based on a prototype structure, and simplified to represent only its fundamental mode response. Equations of motions are derived for the 2DOF system and used to find the optimum design space of the 2DOF system. The optimum design space is validated by transient analysis using earthquakes.
(2) Evaluation of the effectiveness of IFAS designs for different design parameters through earthquake simulations of two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear numerical models of an evaluation structure. The models are based on a IFAS prototype developed by a fellow researcher on the project at Lehigh University.
(3) Development and calibration of three-dimensional nonlinear numerical models of the shake table test specimen used in the experimental research. This model was used for predicting and designing the shake table testing program.
(4) Analytical parameter studies of the calibrated shake table test model. These studies include: relating the shake table test performance to the previous evaluation structure analytical response, performing extended parametric analyses, and investigating and explaining certain unexpected shake table test responses.
This dissertation describes the concept and scope of the analytical research, the analytical results, the conclusions, and suggests future work. The conclusions include analytical results that verify the IFAS effectiveness, show the potential of the IFAS in reducing building seismic demands, and provide an optimum design space of the IFAS.
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Grosser, Tobias. "A decoupled approach to high-level loop optimization : tile shapes, polyhedral building blocks and low-level compilers." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066270/document.
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Malgré des décennies de recherche sur l’optimisation de boucle auxhaut niveau et leur intégration réussie dans les compilateurs C/C++et FORTRAN, la plupart des systèmes de transformation de bouclene traitent que partiellement les défis posé par la complexité croissanteet la diversité du matériel d’aujourd’hui. L’exploitation de laconnaissance dédiée a un domaine d’application pour obtenir le codeoptimal pour cibles complexes, tels que des accélérateurs ou des microprocessorsmulti-coeur, pose des problèmes pour les formalismeset outils d’optimisation de boucle existants. En conséquence, de nouveauxschémas d’optimisation qui exploitent la connaissance dédiéea un domaine sont développées indépendamment sans profiter dela technologie d’optimisation de boucle existante. Cela conduit à despossiblités d’optimisation raté et ainsi qu’à une faible portabilité deces schémas d’optimisation entre des compilateurs différents. Un domainepour lequel on voit la nécessité d’améliorer les optimisationsest le calcul de pochoir itératifs, un probléme de calcul important quiest réguliérement optimisé par les compilateurs dédiées, mais pourlequel générer code efficace est difficile.Dans ce travail, nous présentons des nouvelles stratégies pour l’optimisationdédiée qui permettent la génération de code GPU haute performancepour des calculs de pochoir. À la différence de la façon dontla plupart des compilateurs existants sont mis en oeuvre, nous découplonsla stratégie d’optimisation de haut niveau de l’optimisationde bas niveau et la spécialisation nécessaire pour obtenir la performanceoptimale. Comme schéma d’optimisation de haut niveau, nousprésentons une nouvelle formulation de “split tiling”, une techniquequi permet la réutilisation de données dans la dimension du tempsainsi que le parallélisme équilibré à gros grain sans la nécessité derecourir à des calculs redondants. Avec le “split tiling”, nous montronscomment intégrer une optimisation dédiée dans un traducteurgénérique source-à-source, C vers CUDA, une approche qui nouspermet de réutiliser des optimisations existants non-dédiées. Nousprésentons ensuite notre technique appelée “hybrid hexagonal / parallelogramtiling", un schéma qui nous permet de générer du codeque cible directement les préoccupations spécifiques aux GPUs. Pourconclure notre travail sur le "loop tiling", nous étudions la rapport entre“diamond tiling” et “hexagonal tiling”. À partir d’une analyse de“diamond tiling” détailée, qui comprend les exigences qu’elle posesur la taille de tuile et les coefficients de front d’onde, nous fournissonsune formulation unifiée de l’“hexagonal tiling” et du “diamondtiling” qui nous permet de réaliser un “hexagonal tiling” pourvdes problèmes avec deux dimensions (un temps, un espace) dans lecadre d’un usage dans un optimiseur générique, comme “Pluto”. Enfin,nous utilisons cette formulation pour évaluer l’“hexagonal tiling”et le “diamond tiling” en terme de rapport de calcul-à-communicationet calcul-à-synchronisation.Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous discutons nos contributionsaux composants de l’infrastructure les plus important, nos“building blocks”, qui nous permettent de découpler notre optimisationde haut niveau tant des optimisations nécessaires dàns la générationde code que de l’infrastructure de compilation générique. Nouscommençons par présenter le nouveau “polyhedral extractor” (pet),qui obtient une représentation polyédrique d’un morceau de code C.pet utilise l’arithmétique de Presburger en sa généralité pour élargirle fragment de code C supporté et porter une attention particulièreà la modélisation de la sémantique des langages même en présencede dépassement de capacité des entiersDespite decades of research on high-level loop optimizations and theirsuccessful integration in production C/C++/FORTRAN com- pilers, most compilerinternal loop transformation systems only partially address the challengesposed by the increased complexity and diversity of today’s hardware. Especiallywhen exploiting domain specific knowledge to obtain optimal code for complextargets such as accelerators or many-cores processors, many existing loopoptimization frameworks have difficulties exploiting this hardware. As aresult, new domain specific optimization schemes are developed independentlywithout taking advantage of existing loop optimization technology. This resultsboth in missed optimization opportunities as well as low portability of theseoptimization schemes to different compilers. One area where we see the need forbetter optimizations are iterative stencil computations, an importantcomputational problem that is regularly optimized by specialized, domainspecific compilers, but where generating efficient code is difficult.In this work we present new domain specific optimization strategies that enablethe generation of high-performance GPU code for stencil computations. Differentto how most existing domain specific compilers are implemented, we decouple thehigh-level optimization strategy from the low-level optimization andspecialization necessary to yield optimal performance. As high-leveloptimization scheme we present a new formulation of split tiling, a tilingtechnique that ensures reuse along the time dimension as well as balancedcoarse grained parallelism without the need for redundant computations. Usingsplit tiling we show how to integrate a domain specific optimization into ageneral purpose C-to-CUDA translator, an approach that allows us to reuseexisting non-domain specific optimizations. We then evolve split tiling into ahybrid hexagonal/parallelogram tiling scheme that allows us to generate codethat even better addresses GPU specific concerns. To conclude our work ontiling schemes we investigate the relation between diamond and hexagonaltiling. Starting with a detailed analysis of diamond tiling including therequirements it poses on tile sizes and wavefront coefficients, we provide aunified formulation of hexagonal and diamond tiling which enables us to performhexagonal tiling for two dimensional problems (one time, one space) in thecontext of a general purpose optimizer such as Pluto. Finally, we use thisformulation to evaluate hexagonal and diamond tiling in terms ofcompute-to-communication and compute-to-synchronization ratios.In the second part of this work, we discuss our contributions to importantinfrastructure components, our building blocks, that enviable us to decoupleour high-level optimizations from both the necessary code generationoptimizations as well as the compiler infrastructure we apply the optimizationto. We start with presenting a new polyhedral extractor that obtains apolyhedral representation from a piece of C code, widening the supported C codeto exploit the full generality of Presburger arithmetic and taking special careof modeling language semantics even in the presence of defined integerwrapping. As a next step, we present a new polyhedral AST generation approach,which extends AST generation beyond classical control flow generation byallowing the generation of user provided mappings. Providing a fine-grainedoption mechanism, we give the user fine grained control about AST generatordecisions and add extensive support for specialization e.g., with a newgeneralized form of polyhedral unrolling. To facilitate the implementation ofpolyhedral transformations, we present a new schedule representation, scheduletrees, which proposes to make the inherent tree structure of schedules explicitto simplify the work with complex polyhedral schedules.The last part of this work takes a look at our contributions to low-levelcompilers
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Simon, Loïc. "Procedural reconstruction of buildings : towards large scale automatic 3D modeling of urban environments." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637638.
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This thesis is devoted to 2D and 3D modeling of urban environments using structured representations and grammars. Our approach introduces a semantic representation for buildings that encodes expected architectural constraints and is able to derive complex instances using fairly simple grammars. Furthermore, we propose two novel inference algorithms to parse images using such grammars. To this end, a steepest ascent hill climbing concept is considered to derive the grammar and the corresponding parameters from a single facade view. It combines the grammar constraints with the expected visual properties of the different architectural elements. Towards addressing more complex scenarios and incorporating 3D information, a second inference strategy based on evolutionary computational algorithms is adopted to optimize a two-component objective function introducing depth cues. The proposed framework was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively on a benchmark of annotated facades, demonstrating robustness to challenging situations. Substantial improvement due to the strong grammatical context was shown in comparison to the performance of the same appearance models coupled with local priors. Therefore, our approach provides powerful techniques in response to increasing demand on large scale 3D modeling of real environments through compact, structured and semantic representations, while opening new perspectives for image understanding
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Wolff, Sebastien Jean. "Statically Stable Assembly Sequence Generation And Structure Optimization For A Large Number Of Identical Building Blocks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14045.
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This work develops optimal assembly sequences for modular building blocks. The underlying concept is that an automated device could take a virtual shape such as a CAD file, and automatically decide how to physically build the shape using simple, identical building blocks. This entails deciding where to place blocks inside the shape and generating an efficient assembly sequence that a robot could use to build the shape. The blocks are defined in a general, parameterized manner such that the model can be easily modified in the future.
The primary focus of this work is the development of methods for generating assembly sequences in a time-feasible manner that ensure static stability at each step of the assembly. Most existing research focuses on complete enumeration of every possible assembly sequence and evaluation of many possible sequences. This, however, is not practical for systems with a large number of parts for two reasons: (1) the number of possible assembly sequences is exponential in the number of parts, and (2) each static stability test is very time-consuming. The approach proposed here is to develop a multi-hierarchical rule-based approach to assembly sequences. This is accomplished by formalizing and justifying both high-level and mid-level assembly rules based on static considerations.
Application of these rules helps develop assembly sequences rapidly. The assembly sequence is developed in a time-feasible manner according to the geometry of the structure, rather than evaluating statics along the way. This work only evaluates the static stability of each step of the assembly once. The behavior of the various rules is observed both numerically and through theory, and guidelines are developed to suggest which rules to apply.
A secondary focus of this work is to introduce methods by which the inside of the structure can be optimized. This structure optimization research is implemented by genetic algorithms that solve the multi-objective optimization problem in two dimensions, and can be extended to three dimensions.
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Sakne, Matiss. "Structural design and performance of tube mega frame in arch-shaped high-rise buildings." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210024.
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A recent development and innovation in elevator technologies have sprawled interest in how these technologies would affect the forms and shapes of future high-rise buildings. The elevator that uses linear motors instead of ropes and can thus travel horizontally and on inclines is of particular interest. Once the vertical cores are no longer needed for the elevators, new and radical building forms and shapes are anticipated. It is expected that the buildings will have bridges and/or the buildings themselves will structurally perform more like bridges than buildings, therefore this study addresses the following topic - structural design and performance of tube mega frame in arch-shaped high-rise buildings. Evidently, for a structure of an arched shape, the conventional structural system used in high-rise buildings does not address the structural challenges. On the other hand, The Tubed Mega Frame system developed by Tyréns is designed to support a structural system for high-rise building without the central core, in which the purpose is to transfer all the loads to the ground via the perimeter of the building, making the structure more stable by maximizing the lever arm for the structure. The system has not yet been realized nor tested in realistic circumstances. This thesis aims at evaluating the efficiency of the Tubed Mega Frame system in arched shaped tall buildings. Multiple shapes and type of arches are evaluated to find the best possible selection. Structural behavior of different arch structures is studied using analytical tools and also finite element method in software SAP2000. The most efficient arch shape is sought to distribute the self-weight of the structure. The analysis shows that it is possible to accurately determine efficient arch shape based on a specific load distribution. Furthermore, continuing with the arch shape found in previous steps, a 3D finite element model is built and analyzed for linear static, geometric non-linearity (P-Delta) and linear dynamic cases in the ETABS software. For the given scope, the results of the analysis show that the Tubed Mega Frame structural system is potentially feasible and has relatively high lateral stiffness in the plane of the arch, while the out-of-plane lateral stiffness is comparatively smaller. For the service limit state, the maximum story drift ratio is within the limitation of 1/400 for in-plane deformations, while for out-of-plane the comfort criteria limit is exceeded.
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Mateus, Daniel Fernando Tomé. "Projeto baseado em energia." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20789.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Desenho e Computação, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de Doutor.A presente tese desenvolve um sistema de projeto para o envelope de edifícios, o qual se baseia em processos energéticos, permitindo criar e transformar formas para o envelope de edifícios que sejam capazes de captar de um modo eficiente a irradiação solar incidente no envelope. Pretende assim estabelecer um paradigma de Projeto baseado em Energia, abordando para isso um caso de estudo específico, o Projeto Digital de Envelopes de Edifícios. Para viabilizar o Projeto baseado em Energia e o Projeto Digital de Envelopes de Edifícios é elaborado um sistema Arquitetura-Envelopes de Edifícios, o qual relaciona o projeto digital de envelopes de edifícios com outros tipos de projeto a montante, nomeadamente o projeto de arquitetura, e a jusante, como o projeto dos vãos de um edifício. É desenvolvida também uma metodologia para o projeto digital de envelopes de edifícios e são elaborados dois instrumentos conceptuais para a conceção de envelopes de edifícios: o conceito teórico de Algoritmo de Forma e uma Gramática do Envelope de Edifícios, baseados nos conceitos de gramática da forma, gramática descritiva, gramática discursiva e gramática genérica. Para a constituição de um instrumento prático de projeto, a gramática do envelope de edifícios é implementada em um protótipo de software, designado por LIDIA, o qual é testado no desenvolvimento de um projeto para o envelope de duas tipologias de moradias unifamiliares, onde é possível comprovar que a gramática do envelope de edifícios é válida para a geração de formas para o envelope de edifícios, que captam de um modo eficiente a irradiação solar incidente no envelope. Deste modo, é comprovada a eficiência do sistema Arquitetura-Envelopes de Edifícios, da metodologia elaborada, do conceito de Algoritmo de Forma, da Gramática do Envelope de Edifícios e do protótipo de software LIDIA, viabilizando-se o Projeto Digital de Envelopes de Edifícios e o paradigma do Projeto baseado em Energia.
ABSTRACT: The present thesis develops a design system for the buildings envelope that is based on energy processes, allowing to create and transform building envelope shapes that are able to efficiently capture the incident solar radiation on the envelope. Thus, it intends to establish an Energy-based Design paradigm, developing for that a specific case study, the Digital Design of Building Envelopes. In order to make the Energy-based Design and the Digital Design of Building Envelopes feasible, an Architecture-Building Envelopes system is developed, which links the digital design of building envelopes with other types of upstream design, namely architectural design, and downstream, such as the design of the openings of a building. A methodology for the digital design of building envelopes is also developed and two conceptual instruments for the design of building envelopes are elaborated: the theoretical concept of Form Algorithm and a Buildings Envelope Grammar, based on the concepts of shape grammar, descriptive grammar, discursive grammar and generic grammar. For the development of a practical design instrument, the buildings envelope grammar is implemented in a prototype of a software, called LIDIA, which is tested in the development of a project for the envelope of two tipologies of unifamiliar houses, where it can be shown that the buildings envelope grammar is valid for generating shapes for the buildings envelope that efficiently capture the incident solar radiation on the envelope. In this way, it is also shown the efficiency of the Architecture-Building Envelopes system, of the developed methodology, of the Form Algorithm concept, of the Buildings Envelope Grammar and of the LIDIA software prototype, making possible the Digital Design of Building Envelopes and the Energy-based Design paradigm.
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Hansell, Markus, and Panagiotis Tamtakos. "Dynamic analyses of hollow core slabs : Experimental and numerical analyses of an existing floor." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278539.
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For intermediate floors in residential and office buildings, as well as in parking garages and malls, there is a wide use of hollow core concrete slabs in Sweden today. Hollow core slabs are precast and prestressed concrete elements with cylindrical-shaped voids extending along the length of the slab. These structural elements have the advantage compared to cast-in-situ concrete slabs that they have a high strength, due to the prestressing, and that the voids allow for a lower self-weight. Additionally, the voids allow for a reduction in the use of concrete material. These characteristics offer possibilities to build long-span floors with slender designs. However, a consequence of the slenderness of the slabs is that such floors have an increased sensitivity to vibrations induced by various dynamic loads. In residential and office buildings vibrations are primarily caused by human activity, and therefore concerns related to the serviceability of such floors are raised. These vibrations are often not related to problems with structural integrity, but rather to different aspects of comfort of the residents or workers. The aim of this thesis is to provide additional information regarding the dynamic behavior of hollow core floors. An experimental modal analysis has been performed on an existing floor in an office building. The dynamic properties in the form of natural frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios and frequency response functions were derived and analyzed from these measurements. Subsequently, several finite element models were developed, aiming to reproduce the experimental dynamic behavior of the studied floor. The measurements initially showed some unexpected dynamic responses of the floor. For this reason, more advanced methods of signal analyses were applied to the data. The analyses showed that the slab has some closely spaced modes and that the modes of the floor are complex to a certain degree. The finite element models were studied with different configurations. In particular, the effect the model size, boundary conditions, material properties and potential structural discontinuities have on the dynamic response of the slab was studied. Sufficiently good agreement has been achieved between the experimental and numerical results in terms of natural frequencies and mode shapes. The acceleration amplitude responses of the numerical models were generally higher than the ones obtained from the measurements, which leads to difficulties in matching of the frequency response functions.Håldäck i betong används idag i stor utsträckning som bjälklag i bostads- och kontorsbyggnader, liksom i parkeringsgarage och köpcentra. Håldäcksbjälklag består av prefabricerade och förspända betongelement, med cylindriska hål som sträcker sig i plattans längsriktning. Dessa konstruktionselement har fördelen, jämfört med platsgjutna betongplattor, att de har en hög hållfasthet på grund av förspänningen och att hålen möjliggör en lägre egenvikt. Dessutom gör hålen att en mindre mängd betongmaterial behövs. Dessa egenskaper ger möjligheter att bygga golv med långa spännvidder och slank design. En konsekvens av slankheten är emellertid att sådana golv har en ökad känslighet för vibrationer som orsakas av olika dynamiska belastningar. I bostads- och kontorsbyggnader orsakas vibrationer främst av mänsklig aktivitet, och därför finns det en del oro relaterad till sådana golvs brukbarhet. Dessa vibrationer är oftast inte relaterade till frågor om strukturell integritet, utan snarare till olika aspekter av boendes eller arbetares känsla av komfort. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra till kunskapen om håldäcksbjälklags dynamiska beteende. En experimentell modalanalys har utförts på ett befintligt golv i en kontorsbyggnad. De dynamiska egenskaperna i form av egenfrekvenser, modformer, dämpning och frekvenssvarsfunktioner erhölls och analyserades med hjälp av dessa mätningar. Därefter utvecklades flera finita element modeller för att reproducera det experimentellt uppmätta dynamiska beteendet hos det studerade golvet. Mätningarna visade initialt något oväntade dynamiska responser från golvet. Av denna anledning applicerades mer avancerade signalanalysmetoder på datan. Analyserna visade att plattan har några moder inom ett litet frekvensintervall och att moderna till en viss grad är komplexa. De finita element modellerna studerades med olika konfigurationer. I synnerhet studerades effekten av modellstorleken, randvillkoren, materialegenskaperna och potentiella strukturella diskontinuiteter på golvets dynamiska respons. Tillräckligt bra överensstämmelse har uppnåtts mellan de experimentella och numeriska resultaten i form av egenfrekvenser och modformer. Accelerationsamplituderna för de numeriska modellerna var i allmänhet högre än de som erhölls under mätningarna, vilket leder till svårigheter att matcha frekvenssvarsfunktionerna.
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Pozza, Gladys. "Tailor-made heterofunctional poly(ethylene oxide)s via living anionic polymarization as building blocks in macromolecular engineering." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF030/document.
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L'objectif principal de la thèse porte sur la synthèse contrôlée et la caractérisation d’architectures macromoléculaires complexes originales à base de POE. Les POEs α-undécènyle-ω-hydroxy sont obtenus par polymérisation anionique par ouverture de cycle de l’oxyde d’éthylène. Le groupement hydroxyle est modifié pour accéder à des POEs α-undécènyle-ω-méthacrylate et des POEs α-undécènyle-ω-acétylène. Ces premiers POEs sont ensuite utilisés pour préparer soit des POEs à structure en peigne par ATRP dans l'eau soit par l'intermédiaire de réaction « click », des POEs à structure en étoile tétrafonctionnelles, tandis qu’avec les seconds permettent d’obtenir des PI-b-POE par réaction « click » avec le polyisoprène ω-azoture. Les extrémités de chaîne de POE commerciaux α-méthoxy-ω-hydroxy sont modifiées en POEs α-méthoxy-ω-allyle ou en POEs α-méthoxy-ω-undécènyle pour synthétiser par réaction d’hydrosilylation des étoiles de POE à structures en étoile octafonctionnellesThe main objective of the thesis focuses on the controlled synthesis and the characterization of original and complex macromolecular architectures based on PEO. α-Undecenyl-ω-hydroxy PEOs are obtained by anionic ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide. The hydroxyl group is modified to access to α-undecenyl-ω-methacrylate PEOs and α-undecenyl-ω-acetylene PEOs. These first PEOs are used to prepare either comb-shaped PEOs by ATRP in water or through by click reaction of tetrafunctional star-shaped PEOs. Whereas the second PEOs allow obtaining block copolymers PI-b-PEO via click reaction with ω-azide polyisoprene. The chain-ends of commercial α-methoxy-ω-hydroxy PEO are modified in α-methoxy-ω-allyl PEOs or in α-methoxy-ω-undecenyl PEOs to synthesize by hydrosilylation reaction octafunctional star-shaped PEOs
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Kašuba, Patrik. "Polyfunkčný dom Brno-Řečkovice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371948.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is processing of the design documentation to execution newly-built multifunctional building in the city part Brno - Řečkovice. Multifunctional building is a detached house, which is located in a quiet area on the edge city. This is a five floor building with four floor, one basement and flat roof. Building is rectangular shape. At the object are twelve parking spaces for cars. Vertical load-bearing structure are made of masonry and reinforced frame system, reinforced concrete floor and prestressed hollow core slab Spiroll. External facade building is created by render scrape texture and flush facade in ground floor.
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Pino, Merino Denis Ademir. "Dynamic response of post-tensioned timber frame buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6598.
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An extensive research program is on-going at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand to develop new technologies to permit the construction of multi-storey timber buildings in earthquake prone areas. The system combines engineered timber beams, columns and walls with ductile moment resisting connections using post-tensioned tendons and eventually energy dissipaters.
The extensive experimental testing on post-tensioned timber building systems has proved a remarkable lateral response of the proposed solutions. A wide number of post-tensioned timber subassemblies, including beam-column connections, single or coupled walls and column-foundation connections, have been analysed in static or quasi-static tests.
This contribution presents the results of the first dynamic tests carried out with a shake-table. Model frame buildings (3-storey and 5-storey) on one-quarter scale were tested on the shake-table to quantify the response of post-tensioned timber frames during real-time earthquake loading. Equivalent viscous damping values were computed for post-tensioned timber frames in order to properly predict their response using numerical models. The dynamic tests were then complemented with quasi-static push and pull tests performed to a 3-storey post-tensioned timber frame.
Numerical models were included to compare empirical estimations versus dynamic and quasi-static experimental results. Different techniques to model the dynamic behaviour of post-tensioned timber frames were explored. A sensitivity analysis of alternative damping models and an examination of the influence of designer choices for the post-tensioning force and utilization of column armouring were made.
The design procedure for post-tensioned timber frames was summarized and it was applied to two examples. Inter-storey drift, base shear and overturning moments were compared between numerical modelling and predicted/targeted design values.
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Li, Ai. "Estimation of wind-induced dynamic responses of tall buildings of non-ideal mode shapes by time domain analysis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39004995.
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Lee, Jooeun S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The role of the aerodynamic modifications of the shapes of tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66869.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
With the advances in technology, recent tall building design has undergone a shift to the free-style geometric forms in the exuberant and liberal atmosphere. As a height of the building increases, it is more susceptible to vibration caused by wind because of its asymmetric distribution of mass and stiffness, increased flexibility and insufficient inherent damping. This wind-induced motion, in particular crosswind response, endangers the dynamic response of tall structures, the performance of cladding and window, and the habitability of occupants. Therefore, much research on mitigating wind induced excitations of tall buildings has been carried out. This thesis focuses on the effect of shape modification on the wind flow pattern around tall buildings. An appropriate choice of this architectural modification can significantly reduce aeroelastic instabilities. Four aerodynamic modifications to reduce wind-induced responses of a tall building, such as a basic square model, a corner recession model, a 3- step setback model, and a 180 degree helical model, are evaluated through commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, STAR-CD and compared with results from wind tunnel tests. Based on this comparison, the optimal model to effectively mitigate adverse wind excitations is recommended.
by Jooeun Lee.
S.M.
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Hečková, Beata. "Návrh a posouzení ŽB skeletu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227787.
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This diploma thesis deal with of the design of selected parts of a monolithic reinforced concrete building. Static solution includes an assessment of slab in local supports, calculation of columns, beam, stair and footing. The building will be used as an multifunctional building. In this thesis was developed a static calculation, reinforcement drawings and shape drawings.
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Yip, Mo-bing. "Housing design as a shaper of dwellers' behaviour : a study of the high density high rise housing in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812399.
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Bozhinovski, Konstantin. "Generative design of a nature-inspired geometry manipulated by an algorithm in a BIM-environment, applied in a façade system for a residential building in Bologna, Italy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21501/.
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In terms of technology, BIM is also part of the worldwide change Industry 4.0, which in essence is the trend toward automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes. Generative design is an iterative process that involves a program that will generate a certain number of outputs that meet certain constraints, so that a designer is able to fine tune the feasible project by changing minimal and maximal values of an interval in which a variable of the program meets the set of constraints, in order to reduce or augment the number of outputs to choose from. The initial idea of this thesis work was to manipulate few of the most basic geometric elements in order to get a complex parametric shape inspired from the honeycomb as the natures perfectly generated the element. This preliminary idea, together with the ambition to use this transformation for a façade system in a structural building led us to a series of decisions to try and connect two “worlds”, in the sense that we have a CAD environment that lets us create the geometry and a BIM environment where everything is represented by a specific level of information. This geometry is given a specific set of rules that drive and manipulate each of the elements it contains in a certain fashion. This methodology, as well as the communication and the interaction between the software adopted and their programming environments, is what makes the generative design possible. This result from the Grasshopper algorithm is then being created in the CAD environment in Rhinoceros3D, which then can be opened through Rhino.Inside.Revit and give us a direct real-time preview in the BIM environment in Revit. Through a long series of testing and experimenting with the geometry, we get to a point where we have a functional algorithm that creates and manipulates the geometry, in order to foster many design opportunities for structural and architectural designers.
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Li, Ai, and 李愛. "Estimation of wind-induced dynamic responses of tall buildings of non-ideal mode shapes by time domain analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39004995.
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Kelly, Brian L. "Beam shape control using shape memory alloys." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA358806.
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Thesis (M.S. in Astronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998."December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Brij N. Agrawal, Gangbing Song. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55). Also available online.
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Diogo, Alexandrino José Basto. "Fenomenologia estrutural da dupla curvatura no processo de ideação arquitetónica." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18528.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Teoria e Prática do Projeto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.O elevado valor plástico e a eficiência estrutural intrínseca das formas curvas contrasta paradoxalmente com a sua parca utilização na arquitetura, não tirando proveito das suas potencialidades e tornando-a mais pobre espacialmente. A maior complexidade destas formas, exige por sua vez um maior domínio da geometria, da fenomenologia estrutural e dos processos construtivos, impondo uma visão holística e interdisciplinar, que resulte num processo dialético entre a conceção e a construção. As ferramentas digitais deviam constituir um quadro tecnológico capaz de acolher e responder a estas questões, designadamente da produção das superfícies curvas. Esta realidade emergente exige um processo cognitivo e metodológico, que importa refletir, quer na prática profissional, quer no ensino da arquitetura. As teorias de projeto digital e os seus esquemas taxonómicos, estão longe de refletir as necessidades operativas e teóricas da prática de projeto. Embora intua a sua importância na prática do arquiteto, a sua abordagem é ainda de grande abstração, a um nível semiótico. O trabalho ora produzido recorre a um conjunto de axiomas e teoremas operativos para constituir uma metodologia de carácter funcional, que tem a criatividade como capacidade operativa máxima. A tecnologia construtiva que emerge do pós-guerra regida pela necessidade de baixo custo e rapidez, resulta em sistemas construtivos lineares, inábeis em lidar com a conceção e manuseamento da geometria curva e com a personalização. Esta lacuna foi o pretexto para o desenvolvimento do sistema construtivo Brick-Warp. O sistema referido recorre a peças produzidas em série, personalizadas à posteriori por processos de fabricação digital, juntando a produção em série com a personalização em série. A isto acresce um processo de montagem que recorre ao pré-esforço para estabilizar as peças, dispensando a utilização de cibramento. O que torna o sistema construtivo, pensamos, especialmente competitivo. O trabalho desenvolvido consegue abarcar na sua aproximação ao problema, tanto a a dimensão teórica como a dimensão construtiva, originalidade essa que, pensamos, fortalece a proficiência das proposições apresentadas. Palavras-Chave: Superfícies curvas e dupla curvatura, Fenomenologia estrutural, Sistemas construtivos, Ferramentas digitais, Alvenaria estrutural.
ABSTRACT: The inherent structural efficiency of curved shapes and the eminent value of their plasticity contrasts paradoxically with its sparse use in Architecture. This situation prevents the whole subject matter of profiting from this area of great potential, thus rendering it less rich in terms of spacial analysis and use. The greater complexity of these shapes demands in turn a greater mastery of Geometry, structural phenomenology and correspective building processes, imposes a holistic and therefore interdisciplinary approach which results both in and from a dialectal process between conception and construction. The digital tools should make up a technological framework capable of responding to these questions, namely of the creation of curved shapes. The reality demands a cognitive methodology which reflect this, wether in architectural pratice or teaching. Theories for digital processing and their taxonomic schemes are far from reflecting the operational and theoretical demands regarding of project practice. Although it is important in the architect's practice, his approach is still of great abstraction. The present dissertation resorts to a set of principles and theorems to build a functional methodology which holds creativity as its top operating capability. Constructive technology emerging from the post war era, governed by the need for low cost and speed derived into linear constructive systems, inapt to dealing with the design and handling curved geometry or customizing and personalization. This gap was the pretext for the development of the Brick-Warp system. The given system resorted to parts which were mass produced and later personalised by digital fabrication, marrying mass production to mass personalisation. An assembly procedure is then used resorting to pre-stress in order to stabilize the parts thus dismissing the need to apply scaffold. It is these features that will ultimately make the system, we think, specially competitive. The work now completed, encompasses both the theoretical and the constructive dimensions of the problem, the originality of which, we think, strengthens the proficiency of the propsitions now presented.
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Janisch, Filip. "Nosná ŽB konstrukce bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226919.
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The project deals with the lower part of the construction of a residential building. The parking spaces are situated in three underground floors. The five floors occur in the over-ground part of the building. The building is based on the secant walls of Milan around the perimeter. Internal walls and columns are supported with micropiles. In this project are designed base plate, external walls and stairs. Static system and the calculation of the internal forces was carried out in Scia Engineer 2012 Student version.
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Kika, Aleš. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227207.
Full textAbstract:
The project deals the part of the structure of multifunctional building . It is a multi-storey building. In this project are designed slab, basement wall, continous footing, column and footing . Static system and the calculations of the internal forces was conducted in a student version of Scia Engineer 2012.
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黃美香 and Mee-heung Cecilia Wong. "Shape analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211999.
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Aktas, Mehmet Ali. "Shape descriptors." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9663.
Full textAbstract:
Every day we recognize a numerous objects and human brain can recognize objects under many conditions. The way in which humans are able to identify an object is remarkably fast even in different size, colours or other factors. Computers or robots need computational tools to identify objects. Shape descriptors are one of the tools commonly used in image processing applications. Shape descriptors are regarded as mathematical functions employed for investigating image shape information. Various shape descriptors have been studied in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to develop new shape descriptors which provides a reasonable alternative to the existing methods or modified to improve them. Generally speaking shape descriptors can be categorized into various taxonomies based on the information they use to compute their measures. However, some descriptors may use a combination of boundary and interior points to compute their measures. A new shape descriptor, which uses both region and contour information, called centeredness measure has been defined. A new alternative ellipticity measure and sensitive family ellipticity measures are introduced. Lastly familiy of ellipticity measures, which can distinguish between ellipses whose ratio between the length of the major and minor axis differs, have been presented. These measures can be combined and applied in different image processing applications such as image retrieval and classification. This simple basis is demonstrated through several examples.
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Wong, Mee-heung Cecilia. "Shape analysis /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13637642.
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