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Sallinen, Margarita. "De-escalation amid a Total War? : An interpretivist-constructivist analysis of Finland's involvement (or lack thereof) in the Siege of Leningrad and Murmansk during the Continuation War 1941-1944." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9721.
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At the beginning of the Continuation War in 1941, Finnish and German troops commenced a gradual escalation which resulted in swift successive victories against the Soviets. Yet, Finland´s Field Marshal Mannerheim unexpectedly turned his back on military rationality at Leningrad and Murmansk despite his knowledge of how vitally strategic the locations were to the Soviet war effort. Leningrad was encircled by German and Finnish forces and a successful siege was achievable, yet Mannerheim abruptly discontinued the offensive and chose to assume a stale war lasting until 1944. Likewise, Mannerheim withheld his troops from cutting off Murmansk Railway. These events beckon important inquiries regarding Mannerheim´s decision to de-escalate during successful offensives in a total war and presents a conundrum that few have to date examined holistically. As such, this thesis offers an alternative perspective to the current rational explanations of Finnish warfare in the Continuation War. This thesis discusses specific social processes of Finnish society that rationalist explanations overlook and applies the theory of constructivism to identify that normative factors can complement the prevailing rationalist explanations. This thesis further identifies how the social concepts of identity, shared culture and knowledge, and the norms of the Finnish people, and its leadership, contributed to Mannerheim’s decision to disregard military rationality and de-escalate. Lastly, this thesis determines that norms and ideas matter in war studies and future research should incorporate an interpretivist approach which contemplates social constructions and norms as alternative explanations in complex, multi-casual social phenomena like war.
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McGovern, Mark Desmond. "The siege myth : the Siege of Derry in Ulster protestant political culture, 1689-1939." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384885.
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Ringley, Brian Timothy. "PERIPH FLUIDE: Siege Tactics in Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242841884.
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Rouxel, Jean-Yves. "Le saint-siege sur la scene internationale." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11035.
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Traiter de la presence du saint-siege sur la scene internationale n'est pas chose facile, non seulement en raison de l'importance numerique et de la diffusion mondiale du catholicisme, mais egalement parce qu'il s'agit du plus vieil acteur de la vie international. Justement parce qu'elle a traverse tant de persecutions, de guerres ou de revolutions, et meme des epoques ou le pape faisait et defaisait les rois, qu'elle ait ete actrice, observatrice ou simple spectatrice de l'evolution des rapports internationaux; l'eglise catholique n'est jamais restee indifferente aux evenements terrestres en se contentant d'une simple contemptio mundi , ainsi donc, pour ne pas se tromper sur le sens meme de la presence de l'eglise dans les affaires internationales, il s'avere indispensable de demontrer l'historicite des pretentions de l'eglise catholique a l'egard de la societe internationale, ainsi que l'evolution des rapports entre le domaine spirituel et le domaine temporel depuis la naissance du christianisme jusqu'a nos jours. Une fois ce point traite, nous aurons eclairci un point important et determinant pour la poursuite de la reflexion sur ce sujet: le pourquoi de la presence du saint-siege sur la scene internationale, pour voir ensuite que bien qu'ayant vecu une situation particulierement delicate avec la disparition des etats pontificaux et risquant alors de disparaitre de l'ordre internation, le saint-siege va progressivement parvenir a se reinserer dans le concert des nations comme regenereIt is not easy to speack of the preasence of the holy see on the international order, not only because of the world diffusion of the catholicism but also because it is the oldest actor of the international order because he begum to act two thousand years ago. Not to be tromped on the meaning of the preasance of the church in the international order, it is necessary to explain the historicity of the pretentions of the catholic church near the international society and the evolution of the rapports between the spiritual order and the temporal order from the beginning of the christianism till today. With his participation at the conference of helsinki in 1975 at the conference of security and cooperation in europe, the holy see has perhaps entered in a new period of his ascencsion, because for the first time, he has participated as a complete member to a international conference. With this fact, the holy see proves that he his a factor of peace in the international community
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Maček, Ivana. "War within everyday life in Sarajevo under siege /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala University Library [distributor], 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51681203.html.
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Morton, Amanda S. "Unconventional Weapons, Siege Warfare, and the Hoplite Ideal." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313569557.
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Gowling, Eric. "Aetius of Amida. Libri Medicinales Book 1 : a translation with commentary." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6174/.
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This work is the first translation into a modern language of book 1 of the Libri Medicinales of Aëtius of Amida, a Byzantine physician who wrote in the middle of the 6th century AD. It comprises a lengthy preface, describing the analysis of pharmacological materials in terms of the science of the time, followed by 418 chapters, listing such materials obtained from plants. Commentary is to be found in the Introduction, as well as a running commentary after each part of the preface and each chapter. As Aëtius’ book 1 is a synopsis of the plants section of Galen’s On the Mixtures and Capacities of Simple Drugs, particular attention is paid to comparison between Aëtius’ work and that of Galen. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the ancient drugs in the light of modern scientific knowledge, a relatively neglected area of research, has also been given serious consideration.
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Simoes, Tatiana Renata Gomes. "Nanomagnetos moleculares contendo fenilenobis (oxamato), bipiridina e bis(2-piridilcarbonil)-amida." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SFSA-9TMPMF.
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In this work, low dimensional molecular magnets were synthesized and
characterized and their magnetic properties were investigated. Initially, the novel compound {[Cu(bipy)]3[Cu2(mpba)2]}(ClO4)2.11H2O (where mpba is metaphenylene-bis(oxamate) and bipy is 2,2- bipyridine) was synthesized, being a paramagnetic compound that exhibits an antiferromagnetic coupling. At 300 K, the mT for this compound assumes the value equal to 2.01 emu K mol-1
(m is the molar magnetic susceptibility), that is in accordance to the proposed formula. The chain {[Cu(bipy)2ClO4]ClO4}n was also formed, as a sub product, and exhibits an antiferromagnetic behavior owed to the spin coupling between the metallic ions into the perchlorate bridges. The structure of the novel compound [Ni3(mpba)2(bipy)3].3DMSO.5H2O was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, being the cluster characterized as three Ni(II) ions in a distorted octahedrical geometry. Afterwards, in the second part of the present work, crystals of the {[Cu(bipy)][Cu(opba)]}2, where opba means ortophenilenobis(oxamate)), were obtained by using a different approach from that described in the literature. In addition, the novel compound {[Ni(bipy)][Cu(opba)]} was synthesized. Through the direct reaction, by simultaneous mixing of the reagents, the pentanuclear {[Cu(opba)(Co(bipy)]2Co}Cl2.DMSO.H2O and the heptanuclear {[Cu(opba)(Cu(bipy)]3Co}Cl2.DMSO.2H2O systems were prepared. Finally, it was synthesized the totally closed cluster {[Cu(bpca)]4[Cu2(mpba)2]}.10H2O, being bpca = anion (bis(2-piridilcarbonil)-amide), and another cluster of the
Li5{[Cu(bpca)]3[Co2(mpba)3]}.10H2O containing three free coordination
positions. Crystals of the compound [Cu4(bpca)4(mpba)] without three
crystallization water molecules, in contrast to that reported in the literature, were also isolated.Neste trabalho foram realizadas sínteses, caracterizações e estudos das propriedades magnéticas de magnetos moleculares de baixa dimensionalidade. Primeiramente, sintetizou-se o composto inédito {[Cu(bipy)]3[Cu2(mpba)2]}(ClO4)2.11H2O (onde mpba = metafenilenobis( oxamato) e bipy = 2,2¿- bipiridina) que é um paramagneto apresentando acoplamento antiferromagnético e, a 300 K, um valor do produto mT igual 1,70 emu K mol-1 (onde m é a sucetibilidade magnética molar) coerente com a fórmula proposta. Formou-se, como subproduto, a cadeia {[Cu(bipy)2ClO4]ClO4}n que apresentou comportamento antiferromagnético devido ao acoplamento entre os spins dos íons metálicos através de pontes de perclorato. A estrutura do composto inédito [Ni3(mpba)2(bipy)3].3DMSO.5H2O foi determinada através de difração de raios X de monocristal demonstrando que este cluster possui três íons Ni(II) em geometria octaédrica distorcida. Na segunda parte deste trabalho obteve-se cristais do composto {[Cu(bipy)][Cu(opba)]}2 onde opba = ortofenilenobis(oxamato) por rota de síntese diferente da descrita na literatura e sintetizou-se o composto inédito {[Ni(bipy)][Cu(opba)]}. Através de reação direta por adição simultânea dos regentes, foram preparados o sistema pentanuclear {[Cu(opba)(Co(bipy)]2Co}Cl2.DMSO.H2O e o sistema heptanuclear {[Cu(opba)(Cu(bipy)]3Co}Cl2.DMSO.2H2O. Na última parte deste trabalho foi obtido um cluster totalmente fechado de fórmula {[Cu(bpca)]4[Cu2(mpba)2]}.10H2O, onde bpca = ânion (bis(2-piridilcarbonil)- amida) e um cluster contendo três posições de coordenação livres de fórmula Li5{[Cu(bpca)]3[Co2(mpba)3]}.10H2O. Também foram obtidos cristais do composto [Cu4(bpca)4(mpba)] que difere daquele descrito na literatura por não possuir três moléculas de água de cristalização em sua estrutura.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin, and 周家建. "Hong Kong and Malaya under the Japanese occupation 1941-1945." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574833.
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Wiggins, Kenneth. "Anatomy of a siege : King John's Castle, Limerick, 1642 /." Woodbridge ; Rochester (N.Y.) : Boydell Press, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39037342p.
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Morris, Priscilla. "Waiting, Part One of a Sarajevo novel : the figure of the siege and the refugee in a selection of twentieth-century siege-exile literature." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52063/.
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The Painter of Bridges is a hybrid siege-exile novel about a landscape painter, Zora Buka, who loses her life’s work in a fire during the siege of Sarajevo. Part One, presented in the creative paper, is set in Sarajevo and depicts Zora’s experience of the first ten months of the siege. Part Two is set in England: Zora recollects her escape from Sarajevo, and waits for her asylum claim to be accepted. The novel is therefore concerned with portraying the exceptional states of life under siege and of being a refugee. The critical paper shares these concerns and follows the movement of the novel from siege to exile. Beginning with a discussion of the siege in post-war literature, the critical section then looks at the double figure of the siege in Camus’s The Plague, before turning to themes of siege and exile in Susan Sontag’s 1993 Sarajevo production of Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. It finally examines Slavenka Drakulić’s representation of the refugee in her Bosnian war novel, As If I Am Not There. The critical paper thus offers close readings of two war novels and a wartime theatrical production. These texts are seen as ‘works of exception’ which illuminate the liminal spaces that Giorgio Agamben terms ‘zones of indistinction’. The readings of The Plague and Waiting for Godot draw on Agamben's theory of modern life to analyse their depictions of the refugee and the state of exception. Postcolonial questions about the representation of others, meanwhile, are addressed in the second reading of The Plague, where, going against much postcolonial criticism, it is argued a hidden allegory of anticolonial uprising is at work, and again in As If I Am Not There, where the uprooted, violated protagonist is found to have an ethically and artistically flawed doubled consciousness.
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SIRODOT, RIMAUD CATHERINE. "Accouchement en presentation du siege : etude retrospective de 320 cas." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M111.
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Tourneur, Odile. "Pronostic obstétrical de l'accouchement en présentation du siège à terme : à propos de 99 accouchements par voie basse d'enfants matures de plus de 2500 grammes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M127.
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Kubicek, Johann. "Untersuchungen zur Funktion und Kristallisation von heterolog exprimiertem Par-4, Amida und DLK." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983437688.
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Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes. "Localização de anestesicos locais do tipo amino-amida em lipossomas uni e multilamelares." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314157.
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Orientador: Eneida de PaulaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T21:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fraceto_LeonardoFernandes_M.pdf: 7469454 bytes, checksum: b014b855ba92e32ce3588d2143839c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Várias teorias sobre o mecanismo de ação de anestésicos locais (AL) são descritas na literatura. Podemos destacar as que tentam explicar os efeitos diretos dos AL sobre a proteína canal de sódio e as que levam em conta a interação dos mesmos com a fase lipídica membranar. Também é bastante conhecida a correlação direta entre a hidrofobicidade das moléculas dos AL e sua potência anestésica clínica. Desta forma é muito razoável pensar que, no mecanismo de ação dos AL, a interação destes compostos anfifilicos com a membrana seja de fundamental importância e também que os AL, em sua forma neutra (não carregada), teriam um papel especial visto que apresentam maior afinidade pela fase lipídica, em relação à forma protonada. Neste trabalho, visando um melhor entendimento da interação AL com a fase membranar, escolhemos estudar a forma neutra de quatro anestésicos da família das aminoamidas (lidocaína, etidocaína, mepivacaína e bupivacaína) em lipossomos unilamelares de fosfatidilcolina de ovo (EPC). A escolha se deu pelo fato destes AL serem bastantes utilizados na clínica e por existirem poucos estudos envolvendo a forma neutra destes em sistemas membranares. Embora pertencentesa uma série homóloga estes AL apresentam propriedades químicas (hidrofobicidade) e estéricas (cíclicos vs não-cíclicos) bem diferentes. Utilizamos várias técnicas espectroscópicas: Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE), Fluorescência, Inftavermelho e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de hidrogênio e fósforo para obtermos informações específicas sobre a interação AL e membrana. Nos experimentos de RPE e fluorescência sondas membranares em diferentes profundidades da cadeia acila foram úteis para evidenciar que a membrana lipídica se desorganiza quando incorporamos os quatro anestésicos, mas com variações quantitativas que refletem a localização preferencial de cada AL no interior das bicamadas. As medidas de inITavermelho e RMN de fósforo mostraram que a partição dos AL na membrana causa maior acesso de moléculas de água à região do grupo fosfato e glicerol dos lipídios, compátivel com a desorganização da membrana causada pelos AL e com o espaçamento lateral criado pela inserção dos mesmos entre as moléculas lipídicas. Utilizando a técnica de RMN de hidrogênio, verificamos que os AL particionam no interior das bicamadas, como observado pelo alargamento dos sinais dos picos dos hidrogênios dos AL quando em membrana, indicando uma menor mobilidade destes, em relação ao meio aquoso. Medidas do tempo de relaxação longitudinal (TI) mostraram-se de grande importância na investigação da localização preferencial dos AL, onde alterações nos hidrogênios de regiões mais profundas da bicamada foram detectados somente para os AL mais hidrofóbicos (etidocaína e bupivacaína). Medidas do efeito nuclear Overhauser (ROESY), revelaram "cross-peaks" intermoleculares (AL:lipídio) compatíveis com uma localização preferencial desses AL. Considerando que os AL atravessam rapidamente a bicamada e que sua localização no interior desta é melhor representada por uma função de distribuição (em relação à normal da bicamada), apresentamos aqui evidências de regiões de maior probabilidade de distribuição, isto é, onde os AL se encontrariam na maior parte do tempo. Um modelo de localização é apresentado para cada anestésico. Desta forma, pudemos demostrar que os anestésicos particionam em vesículas unilamelares de EPC causando maior desorganização que em lipossomos multilamelares, estudados anteriormente. A perturbação da membrana não é proporcional à hidrofobicidade dos compostos, nem mesmo quando presentes na mesma razão molar, AL:lipídio, na membrana. Os AL apresentam uma região preferencial de inserção no interior da bicamada lipídica, de acordo com suas propriedades químicas, ou seja, os mais hidrofóbicos (etidocaína e bupivacaína) se inserem mais profundamente que os hidrofilicos (lidocaína e mepivacaína), cujos anéis aromáticos se encaixariam na região do glicerol. A inserção em regiões mais profundas da bicam_da aumentaria a potência anestésica por facilitar o acesso dessas moléculas a sítios hidrofóbicos, no canal de sódio voltagem-dependente
Abstract: Literature carries many theories about the mechanism of action of local anesthetics (LA). We can highlight those that focus on the direct effect of LA on the sodium channel protein and the ones that consider the interaction of anesthetic molecules with the lipid membrane phase. The direct correlation between LA hydrophobicity and anesthetic potency is well known. So, it is reasonable to consider that the interaction of these amphiphilic compounds with the membrane could be of great importance, as well as the neutral (uncharged) forro interactio_ since its affinity for the membrane is higher than the protonated LA species. To better understand the LA - lipid membrane phase interactio_ we have chosen to study the neutral forro of four amino-amide local anesthetics (lidocaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine) in unilamellar liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (EPC). The choice was made because these LA are clinically used and there are just a few studies involving the neutral species in membrane systems. These anesthetics belong to a homologous series but show quite different physicochemical properties such as hydrophobicity and steric parameters (mainly the cyclic vs. the non-cyclic). We have employed different spectroscopic techniques such as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), Fluorescence, Infta-Red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of hydrogen and phosphorus to obtain information about the specific interaction of LA with the membrane. In EPR and fluorescence measurements membrane probes inserted to different depths of the lipid acyl chain revealed that ali the four anesthetics led to a decrease in membrane organizatio_ but with quantitative differences related to the preferential positioning of each molecule inside the bilayer. IR and phosphorus-NMR measurements have clearly shown that partition of the LA molecule favors the access of water molecules up to the phosphate and glycerol moieties. These results are quite compatible with the decrease in membrane organization and can be explained by the spacement created by the LA insertion in-between the lipid molecules. Hydrogen NMR eH-NMR) techniques evidenced LA partition inside the membrane, as shown by the broadening of the anesthetics lH peaks when they move from the water to the membrane phase. Longitudinal relaxation time (TI) measurements were quite useful in the investigation of the preferential positioning of LA in the bilayer: just the more hydrophobic anesthetics (etidocaine and bupivacaine) were able to disturb the mobility of lipid hydrogens in the acyl chain core region. Nuclear Overhauser effect (ROESY) experiments revealed LA:lipid cross-peaks consistent with the preferential insertion of these molecules. Considering that LA crosses the membranes in a fast way and that its location inside the bilayer is best represented by a distribution function (against the bilayer normal), we have brought together clear evidences of regions with greater probabilities of finding the LA, i.e., where the LA stay most of the time. A model for the LA location inside the bilayer is presented. We show here that local anesthetics partition causes a greater change in membrane organization in unilamellar than in multilamellar EPC vesicles, previously studied in our laboratory. Membrane perturbation is not proportional to the LA hydrophobicity, even when equal LA:lipid molar ratios are present inside the membrane. Each LA seems to have a preferential positioning inside the bilayer, determined by its chemical properties, i.e., the more hydrophobic (etidocaine and bupivacaine) prefer deeper regions than the more hydrophilic (lidocaine and mepivacaine), which aromatic rings would lye in the glycerol moiety. We believe that the deeper insertion would favor anesthetic potency by facilitating the access ofthe molecule to hydrophobic sites ofthe sodium channel protein
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Abrahams-Sprod, Michael E. "Life under Siege: The Jews of Magdeburg under Nazi Rule." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1627.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis regional study documents the life and the destruction of the Jewish community of Magdeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxony, between 1933 and 1945. As this is the first comprehensive and academic study of this community during the Nazi period, it has contributed to both the regional historiography of German Jewry and the historiography of the Shoah in Germany. In both respects it affords a further understanding of Jewish life in Nazi Germany. Commencing this study at the beginning of 1933 enables a comprehensive view to emerge of the community as it was on the eve of the Nazi assault. The study then analyses the spiralling events that led to its eventual destruction. The story of the Magdeburg Jewish community in both the public and private domains has been explored from the Nazi accession to power in 1933 up until April 1945, when only a handful of Jews in the city witnessed liberation. This study has combined both archival material and oral history to reconstruct the period. Secondary literature has largely been incorporated and used in a comparative sense and as reference material. This study has interpreted and viewed the period from an essentially Jewish perspective. That is to say, in documenting the experiences of the Jews of Magdeburg, this study has focused almost exclusively on how this population simultaneously lived and grappled with the deteriorating situation. Much attention has been placed on how it reacted and responded at key junctures in the processes of disenfranchisement, exclusion and finally destruction. This discussion also includes how and why Jews reached decisions to abandon their Heimat and what their experiences with departure were. In the final chapter of the community’s story, an exploration has been made of how the majority of those Jews who remained endured the final years of humiliation and stigmatisation. All but a few perished once the implementation of the ‘Final Solution’ reached Magdeburg in April 1942. The epilogue of this study charts the experiences of those who remained in the city, some of whom survived to tell their story.
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Hebron, Malcolm. "The medieval siege : theme and image in Middle English romance /." Oxford [GB] : Clarendon press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36701132j.
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Stouff, Stéphane. "Tumeurs de siege retro-peritoneal et chirurgie des gros vaisseaux." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31500.
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Henzelmann, Martin. "Myuhtar-May, Fatme, Identity, Nationalism, and Cultural Heritage under Siege." De Gruyter, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71377.
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In ihrem Werk reflektiert Fatme Myuhtar-May fünf charakteristische Besonderheiten des pomakischen kulturellen Erbes in Bulgarien. Diese werden anhand zahlreicher Beispiele dargestellt, und damit wird ein Überblick über die wechselhafte Geschichte der bulgarischsprachigen Muslime in den Rhodopen gegeben.
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Schofield, Aimee Ellen Margaret. "Experimental archaeology and siege warfare : analysing ancient sources through experimentation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-archaeology-and-siege-warfare-analysing-ancient-sources-through-experimentation(f0ea0229-7b24-4b67-92ac-46bdc30d8993).html.
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This thesis seeks to show that by using the principles of experimental archaeology it is possible to reconsider the extent to which the ancient writers understood the use of artillery in the field and under siege conditions. A combination of philological and experimental approaches has been taken to determine not only how catapults could be used by Hellenistic armies, but also why certain actions were taken when artillery was brought into the field. The experimental approach is discussed throughout the thesis, with attention drawn to its merits and disadvantages, and how these can be used to improve the methodologies through which we can further develop our understanding of Hellenistic military history and technology. There are three main sections to the thesis. The first takes a philological approach to considering the ancient artillery treatises by Philon, Heron, and Biton, with reference to Vitruvius' work on catapults. Each treatise is assessed with regard to its level of technicality and the extent to which it can be used for the purpose of constructing catapults. The treatises are then used in the second part of the thesis to construct functional replicas of the Hellenistic stone-thrower and the Hellenistic bolt-shooter. In the third part of the thesis, the catapults are tested against the ancient writers' descriptions of their use in the field. The findings of this thesis show that the ancient writers were broadly accurate in their descriptions of catapult use, but that they appear to be largely unaware of the reasoning behind their deployment. The thesis also highlights problematic parts of the technical treatises which previous scholars have ignored, in particular gaps in the descriptions of some components necessary for the catapults to function. Moreover, solutions are offered to complete the gaps left by the technical writers, especially where none are offered by the commentaries on these works. This thesis also demonstrates that catapults had a specific function in Hellenistic warfare which focused largely on sieges and static engagements. Most importantly, however, this thesis shows that not only can practical experimental methods successfully be applied to otherwise text-based research, but that it produces significant results which can aid in our understanding of military history, ancient technology, and the reliability of the ancient writers.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin. "Hong Kong and Malaya under the Japanese occupation 1941-1945." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574833.
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Wu, Yi, and 吴怡. "The siege of time: a thematic exposition of Thus spoke Zarathustra." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869719.
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This thesis is an attempt at a thematic exposition of Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra. It grows out of a contemporary experience of the historical event of nihilism, which Nietzsche denotes with the catch phrase “death of God”. Understanding this event as the inaugural force and the structural principle of Zarathustra, it interprets the work as a problematization of history and an effort to work out this problem of history – that is, history as a problem – through a project that is meta-political rather than political in the empirical sense. Tracing a quadrilateral unity through the four themes of Sacrifice, Death, Love and Language in its four chapters, this thesis sees the meta-political project as composed of two teachings: the Apollinian teaching that teaches the erotic willing of the Overman, with its tripartite structure in the allegory of the bow (intentional), the arrow (teleological) and the star (representational); and the Dionysian teaching that teaches the affirmation of finitude through Eternal Recurrence, which centers less upon the cosmological time of Heraclitean becoming, than upon a conception of historical time, in which the past and the future are to be synchronized by the historical willer-lover in the eternity of the present. Thus conceived, Eternal Recurrence is the work of mourning that buries the dead God. The interweaving and interpenetration of these two teachings make “tragedy” the appropriate modality in which the reader shall understand the calling of the work. This thesis identifies the hero of this tragedy as the historical soul crystallized in a moment of perfect nihilism. It argues that for Nietzsche, only this moment of crystallization offers the blasting open of the continuum of history, that it is this eschatological blasting-open that provides history with a new momentum: first the condensation of meaningful human activities into the activity of willing, then the self-destruction or self-transformation of this willing into a loving, where the meta-political battlefield that is the human will becomes ripe for itself. This thesis claims that the erotic willing of the Overman and the lesson of finitude taught by Eternal Recurrence are the sword and shield that Nietzsche molds for the historical humanity to fight out of the siege of Time. With the former the historical willer is able to cut into the night of the future, with the latter he is shielded from his unburied past. Yet both have to be clenched in the fists of the historical present.The Best MPhil Thesis in the Faculties of Architecture, Arts, Business & Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (University of Hong Kong), Li Ka Shing Prize, 2010-11.
published_or_final_version
Philosophy
Master
Master of Philosophy
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VESPIEREN, DOMINIQUE. "Pronostic des enfants nes en presentation du siege avant 34 semaines." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M330.
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Sinha, Madhudaya. "Masculinity Under Siege: Gender, Empire, and Knowledge in Late Victorian Literature." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1259076061.
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Moquet, Pierre-Yves. "Réflexions sur la présentation du siège : à propos de 296 cas et revue de la littérature." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M032.
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Branko, Kordić. "Ispitivanje uticaja odabranih amida na adsorpciju nitro derivata fenola iz vodene sredine na aktivnom uglju." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110733&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U radu je ispitan uticaj amida kao modela AOM-a (Algalne organske materije) na adsorpciju nitrofenola iz vodene sredine na aktivnom uglju. Istraţivanje se sastojalo iz tri faze: ispitivanje uticaja karateristika amida na adsorpciju nitrofenola, ispitivanje uticaja granulacije na adsorpciju nitrofenola u prisustvu amida i ispitvanje karakterisitka samih nitrofenola na adsorpciju u prisustvu amida. Pre ispitivanja adsorpcije u dvokomponentnim sistemima ispitana je adsorpcija jednokomponentnih sistema 4-nitrofenola, 2,4-dinitrofenola i 2,4,6-trinitrofenola, kao i amida Nmetilbenzamid, nikotinamida i N-benzilbenzamida na komercijalnim aktivnim ugljevima NORIT SA2 i dve granulacije aktivnog uglja DARCO. Aktivni ugljevi su ispitani metodom FTIR spektroskopije, SEM analizom, analizom površine adsorpcijom azota na niskoj temperaturi i određivanjem taĉke nultog naelektrisanja. Urađena je geometrijska optimizacija modela molekula ispitivanih nitrofenola i amida i izraĉunati su molekulski parametri. Uticaj amida kao modela AOM-a je ispitan korišćenjem razliĉitih ravnotežnih i difuzionih adsorpcionih modela. Kao kriterijum za određivanje najsporije adsorpcione faze korišćen je Biotov broj.Adsorpcioni parametri dobijeni u eksperimentima sa dvokomponentnim sistemima su upoređivani sa parametrima dobijenim za adsorpciju samih nitrofenola.In this research influence of selected amides, as a model of AOM (Algal organic matter), on adsorption of nitrophenols from water on activated carbon has beeninvestigated. Research is divided in three phases: investigation of influence of amide molecule characteristics on the adsorption of nitrophenols, investigation of granulation influence on nitrophenol adsorption in the presence of amide and investigation of nitrophenol characteristics that can influence adsorption in the presence of amides. Adsorption of nitrophenols and amides in single- component systems has also been carried out. Adsorption kinetics of 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, N-methylbenzamide,nicotinamide and N-benzylbenzamide has also been investigated. Commercial activated carbons NORIT SA2 and two granulations of DARCO were used. Activated carbons were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM analysis, internal surface analysis using nitrogen adsorption on low temperature and determination of point of zero charge. Geometry optimization of nitrophenol and amide molecules has been carried out and different molecular parameters have been calculated. Influence of amides as AOM model has been investigated by using diffusion and equilibrium models. Biot number has been obtained in order to establish the limiting step in adsorption process. Adsorption parameters obtained in two-component adsorption systems were compared to parameters obtained for adsorption of nitrophenols alone.
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Jeckel, Cristina Maria Moriguchi. "Imunorreatividade à FMRF-amida no sistema nervoso central e na musculatura pediosa de Megalobulimus oblongus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1816.
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O mapeamento da imunorreatividade ao neuropeptídio FMRF-amida no SNC e na musculatura pediosa de Megalobulimus oblongus foi realizado com o objetivo de dar continuidade aos estudos que vem sendo realizados nesta espécie, com o interesse em estabelecê-lo como modelo experimental em estudos neurobiológicos. O neuropeptídio FMRF-amida foi o primeiro peptídio nativo de invertebrados a ser purificado e seqüenciado, a partir do extrato de gânglios cardioativos do molusco Macrocallista nimbosa. Ele atuaria sobre os receptores metabotrópicos, induzindo a abertura dos canais iônicos de K+ tipo S (sensíveis à serotonina (5HT)), hiperpolarizando a membrana celular e assim, aumentando o limiar para o desencadeamento do potencial de ação. A distribuição da imunorreatividade à FMRF-amida em M. oblongus foi investigada empregando-se a técnica imunohistoquímica com anticorpo não-marcado de Sternberger (1979). Todos os gânglios nervosos centrais apresentaram neurônios e fibras FLI (FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity), assim como suas comissuras, conetivos e a maioria dos nervos emergentes destes gânglios. Nos cortes da musculatura pediosa observou-se também uma intensa imunorreatividade a FMRF-amida. O maior número de neurônios FLI foi encontrado nos gânglios cerebrais com seus tamanhos variando de pequeno a grande. O corpo dorsal apresentou grande quantidade de fibras viii imunomarcadas. No mesocérebro foram detectados alguns agrupamentos FLI junto ao neuropilo e à comissura cerebral e neurônios dispersos na sua porção ântero-medial. O pró-cérebro mostrou-se repleto de neurônios globulosos FLI. Vários agrupamentos foram observados nos lobos pedal, pleural e comissural do pós-cérebro. Nos gânglios pedais houve intensa imunomarcação em agrupamentos neuronais localizados principalmente nas regiões posterior e lateral dos gânglios. Na região anterior foi observado um par de neurônios gigantes FLI. Uma distribuição homogênea de neurônios FLI foi observada por toda a extensão dos gânglios pleurais, com a exceção de apenas um neurônio grande localizado no gânglio pleural esquerdo. A diferença no tamanho dos dois gânglios parietais foi constatada também em M. oblongus. No hemigânglio esquerdo, o menor, foi identificado um neurônio gigante (300 µm). O gânglio direito apresentou um número maior de neurônios FLI, de tamanhos variados. O gânglio visceral foi a estrutura que mais apresentou neurônios grandes e gigantes por toda a sua extensão, com imunorreatividades variáveis. O par de gânglios bucais possuía agrupamentos neuronais FLI médios e grandes. Os neurônios gigantes não se mostraram imunorreativos, ou foram apenas levemente imunomarcados no trofospôngio. Na musculatura pediosa foram observadas fibras nervosas de diferentes calibres nas regiões dorsal, medial e ventral e sobre as células musculares. Identificaram-se gânglios nervosos nos pontos de intersecção dos ramos nervosos e malhas nervosas que formavam plexos nervosos nas regiões ventral e dorsal da musculatura pediosa de M. oblongus.
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Purdie, Margaret Helen. "An account by John Cananus of the siege of Constantinople in 1422." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0189.
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Head, Rosemary Florence. "The long-term health effects of the 1944-45 Channel Islands siege." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497631.
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Ostwald, Jamel Mindel. "Vauban's siege legacy in the War of The Spanish Succession, 1702-1712." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1039049324.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 389 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisors: John Rule and John F. Guilmartin, Jr., Dept. of History. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-144). Includes bibliographical references (p. 363-389).
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Picardo, Edward Nicholas. "The war and siege : language policy and practice in Gibraltar, 1940-1985." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1500/.
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My thesis explores language policy and practice in the history of the people of Gibraltar between 1940 and 1985. This period covers the wartime Evacuation and the Spanish border restrictions and closure, and it is also fundamental in the emergence of Gibraltarian identity and democratic rights. My contention is that these developments were facilitated by growing accessibility to the English language. From being largely the preserve of the colonial establishment and the elite, it emerged as pre-eminent in official use, the media and culture, and higher oral registers. This change was hastened by the Evacuation, which increased awareness of the need for English. The Clifford Report of 1944 reformed the whole education system and gave a central role to English. Clifford, Gibraltar’s Colonial Secretary, and indeed educationalists at the Colonial Office, proved themselves far more enlightened than their governing counterparts in Gibraltar. Their reform greatly contributed to political development in the following decades. With the Spanish border closure, the English language and the sense of attachment to Britain gained further consolidation, co-existing with the move away from overt colonialism. In my examination of language behaviour in Gibraltar, including bilingualism and the use of Spanish, interview material supplements written sources.
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MERLET, MARCELLAUD ISABELLE. "Hemobilie revelatrice d'une duplication gastrique de siege vesiculaire : a propos d'un cas." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1008.
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Michel, Dominique. "Developpement d'une structure de recherche en ergonomie. Application a l'industrie du siege." Paris, ENSAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENAM0010.
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Apres une analyse des caracteristiques du contexte industriel, des fondements de l'ergonomie du produit et de la posture assise, une structure de recherche est elaboree. Celle-ci se base sur le developpement d'un capteur de courbures de dos, la mise au point d'echelles d'evaluation subjective, l'utilisation de methodes d'analyse multidimensionnelle et la description d'un modele biomecanique du rachis lombaire. Grace a cette structure, nous avons pu aborder differents points tels que: l'etude des perceptions de confort et d'inconfort ; la recherche de relations liant comportement postural, courbure de dos, sollicitations du rachis et perceptions de confort ; la determination des caracteristiques du garnissage des sieges en fonction des perceptions de confort
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Ostwald, Jamel M. "Vauban’s Siege Legacy in the War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1712." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039049324.
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Clapperton, James Chalmers. "The Siege of Leningrad and the ambivalence of the sacred conversations with survivors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507868.
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This thesis is based upon a series of interviews conducted with thirty survivors of the siege of Leningrad (1941-44). The interviews took place in Edinburgh, Newcastle and St. Petersburg between 2003 and 2006. The conversations were recorded onto cassette. They were then compared with over three hundred additional recently published siege testimonies. The premise of the thesis is that across the decades the siege of Leningrad has been mythologised both in historiography and in public and private memories. Rather than seeking to detach this phenomenon from facts and data it is analysed as a key facet of the story of the blockade. It is also stated that Giorgio Agamben's concept of the ambivalence of the sacred through embracing both the sacred and the profane provides a fresh analytical tool for the study of siege memories. This is because it brings together myths of heroism associated with the blockade and stories covering acts of cannibalism and war profiteering. These extremes of human behaviour are not regarded as mutually exclusive but as intrinsic parts of siege mythology. Consequently, profane stories merely serve to underline the overall sacrality of siege testimonies.
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Markey, Jennifer Clare. "From history to epic : the Siege of Antioch in chanson de geste literature." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743048.
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Esposito, Breno Pannia. "Estudo dos produtos de reação entre carboxilatos de ródio (II) e amidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46134/tde-03102006-141717/.
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Foram estudados os produtos da interação entre o acetato e o trifluoroacetato de ródio (respectivamente, Rh2(OAc)4 e Rh2(TFA)4) com amidas (formamida, FA; acetamida, AA; N-metil-acetamida, MA; benzamida, BA; N-fenil-acetamida, NFAA; trifluoroacetamida, TMA; ciclofosfamida, CFA), objetivando caracterização química e avaliação do potencial anti-tumor. Foram sintetizados por refluxo em clorofórmio dois adutos de Rh2(OAc)4 (Rh2(OAc)4-2FA e Rh2(OAc)4-2AA) e sete adutos inéditos de Rh2(TFA)4, de fórmula geral Rh2(TFA)4-2L (L = AA, BA, CFA, FA, MA, NFAA e TMA). Também obtivemos o novo amidato de Rh(II), Rh2(CF3CONH)4(CF3CONH2)2 (Rh2(TFACAM)4-2TMA), por fusão de Rh2(OAc)4 com TMA. Através da fusão de Rh2(TFA)4 com MA, obtivemos um composto que formulamos como Rh2(CF3COO)2(CH3CONCH3)2. Os resultados de análise elementar foram satisfatórios. Os adutos apresentaram bandas de absorção características dos carboxilatos de ródio (~ em 600, 450, 250 - ombro - e 220 nm). O modo de coordenação do ligante axial, pelo átomo de oxigênio da amida, foi determinado pela diminuição da freqüência de estiramento C-O na região do infravermelho (IV). Os amidatos apresentaram apenas uma banda na região do visível, e na região do IV os valores de?estiramentos característicos dos principais grupos orgânicos. Estudos comparativos dos espectros Raman mostraram que a freqüência Rh-Rh diminui ao se passar de um carboxilato para um amidato. Medidas de susceptibilidade magnética atestam o diamagnetismo de todas as moléculas (ligação Rh-Rh simples). O mecanismo de termodecomposição do Rh2(TFA)4 e dos seus adutos com amidas envolve mais de uma etapa, sendo que os intermediários podem apresentar estruturas do tipo Rh2(CF3COO)4-x(L)n (x e n = 1 ou 2). Avaliação do potencial citostático (frente a células U937, K562 e ascite de Ehrlich) e da DL50 (camundongos Balb-c) do complexo Rh2(TFACAM)4-2TMA mostraram atividade in vitro superior e toxicidade in vivo semelhante às da cisplatina.We studied the interaction products of two Rh carboxylates (acetate, AC; and trifluoroacetate, TFA) with amides (formamide, FA; acetamide, AA; N-methyl-acetamide, MA; benzamide, BA; N-phenyl-acetamide, NFAA; trifluoroacetamide, TMA; cyclophosphamide, CFA). Two adducts of AC (AC-2FA e AC-2AA) and seven new adducts of TFA (TFA-2FA, TFA-2AA, TFA-2MA, TFA-2BA, TFA-2NFAA, TFA-2TMA, TFA-2CFA) were synthesized by reflux in CHCl3 solution. We obtained also the new Rh(II) amidates Rh2(CF3CONH)4(CF3CONH2)2 (TFACAM-2TMA) and a compound formulated as Rh2(CF3COO)2(CH3CONCH3)2 (\"Semi-MACAM\"), by fusion of the appropriate reagents. Elemental microanalysis results were satisfactory. Thermal decomposition mechanism of TFA and its adducts involves more than one step, and the intermediates can exhibit structures as Rh2(CF3COO)4-x(L)x (x = 0 or 1). Citostatic potential evaluation (towards U937, K562 and Ehrlich ascites cells) and of LD50 (Balb-c mice) of the compound TFACAM-2TMA showed superior in vitro activity and similar in vivo toxicity when compared with cisplatin.
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Branislav, Jović. "Uporedno FTIR spektroskposko ispitivanje N-H···O i N-H···π vodonične veze odabranih N-supstituisanih amida." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20110114JOVIC.
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U ovom radu korišcen je spektroskopski, teorijski i hemometrijski pristupproucavanju N-HO i N-H··· vodonicne veze koja se uspostavlja izmeduamidnog protona i etarskog kiseonika tj aromaticnog sistema. U ovom raduodredeni su parametri N-HO i N-H vodonicne veze za šesnaest Nsupstituisanihamida sa tetrahidrofuranom i toluenom. Vecina ispitivanih amida dosada nije bila izucavana sa stanovišta vodonicne veze. Uspostavljene su korelacijeizmedu spektorsopskih i teorijskih parametara. Izvršeno je poredenje meduosobinama vodonicno vezanih kompleksa za razlicite amide kao proton donore.Svih 32 ispitivanih vodonicno vezanih kompleksa okarakterisano jehemometrijskim metodama: Klaster analizom i analizom glavne komponente, naosnovu spektroskopskih, teorijskih i Taftovih parametaraIn this PhD thesis, N-H×××O and N-H··· hydrogen bond beetwen the amide proton with ether oxygen and aromatic system has been investigated using the spectroscopic and theoretical approach. The study included sixteen N-substituted amides (formamides, acetamides, caproamides and benzamides) as well as tetrahydrofuran and toluene. The possibility of using chemometric methods was investigated in order to characterise N-H...O and N-H··· hydrgen bonded complexes. Hierarchial clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been applied on infrared spectroscopic, PM3 theoretical and Taft parameters of 32 Nsubstituted amide complexes with tetrahydrofuran and toluene
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Hebron, Malcolm David. "The siege as theme and image in Middle English romances and some related writings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240200.
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Millar, Bonnie. "A study of the siege of Jerusalem in its physical, literary and historical contexts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11992/.
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The general perception of the Siege of Jerusalem is best summed up in Ralph Hanna's phrase that it is "the chocolate-covered tarantula of the alliterative movement". Only one critic has moved away from this consensus of opinion, Elisa Narin van Court, who argues "that in addition to the graphically violent anti-Judaism of the poem, there is a competing sympathetic narrative strand that complicates what has been considered a straightforward and brutal poetic." I follow Narin van Court in rejecting the standard opinion of the poem as a univocal narrative of unsavoury anti-Semitism and proceed to examine the poet's conception of his work, and how this poem differs from other accounts of the destruction of Jerusalem and the legend of Veronica. Pertinently, he uses different sources in an effort to bring out the contradictions latent in the story of the destruction of Jerusalem. He juxtaposes historical elements from the Polychronicon, such as the allusion to the tribute, with religious material in an attempt to query the necessity of war, even if the cause is ostensibly noble. Most notably, he raises the question of the motivation behind the campaign in Judaea. He avoids expressing value judgements, unlike texts such as the Vindicta Salvatoris and Titus and Vespasian which interpret the destruction of Jerusalem as the justifiable punishment of the Jews for the death of Christ. Not only is the poet's approach very different from that of literary and religious works, it also differs from that of historians. He is interested in people's motivation and how they react to the situations in which they find themselves. Hence he does not try to find overarching patterns in the siege of Jerusalem. The poem's literary context is of vital importance, for although the text bears certain similarities to works of crusading interest, such as the Charlemagne romances, it is nonetheless very different from them in terms of its attitude to non-Christians. The poet is anti-Judaic in that he believes that the Jewish religion is based on error and that the Jews were manifestly wrong in crucifying Christ, but he is still capable of making a distinction among them, seeing only their leaders as evil tyrants and expressing sympathy for the common citizens of Jerusalem. Thus he is not motivated by the anti-Semitism of the later Middle Ages, which led to accusations of host desecration, ritual murder and historiographic crucifixion being levelled against them. In this he differs from other redactions of the story of the destruction of Jerusalem, such as Titus and Vespasian and the accounts of medieval drama, which are virulently anti-Semitic as well as anti-Judaic in sentiment. The intricacy of the narrative, which incorporates historical and religious elements raises a series of implications as to how we classify the poem. It has been variously designated as a romance, history, religious tale and a combination of two or all of these categories. It is my contention that the poet is stretching the limitations of genre, presenting religious and historical topics in the format of a romance, as it is his intention to explore the nature of Christian-Jewish relations, the personal experiences of the protagonists and the moral issues involved in warfare in his account of this traditional and popular story.
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Hilwig, Stuart J. "A young democracy under siege : the Italian response to the student protests of 1968." Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1229695669.
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Nassif, H. "Home under siege : Bab al-Hara, televising morality and everyday life in the Levant." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9yxq0/home-under-siege-bab-al-hara-televising-morality-and-everyday-life-in-the-levant.
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This PhD research investigates the role of television in representing the past and constructing an idealized society using a case study of a phenomenal Ramadan drama series, Bab el-Hara. The television drama, a Syrian production, was funded by the pan-Arab satellite conglomerate, the MBC group, and it is set in a fictitious Damascus of the 1930s under the French Mandate. The series, airing its seventh season in Ramadan, 2015, succeeded in achieving pan-Arab fame and gave a boost to the “Damascene Milieu” drama genre. The study approaches this television phenomenon ethnographically, looking at the fiction's implicatedness in the everyday life of viewers and makers in Damascus and in Beirut, through a multi-sited approach investigating content, context and agency, engaging in questions on space, morality and patriotism. The objective is to investigate audiences, text and makers as distinct yet connected sites of meaning. This context based analysis of Bab al-Hara takes place against the backdrop of 2010/2011; the liminal state of a Levant entering deeper into a complex local, regional and international power struggle. The everyday life of Bab al-Hara’s viewers was characterized by a general sense of loss and mistrust, and an unclear and threatened future. Contrastingly, Bab al-Hara provided the nostalgic promise of ontological security, grounded as it was in the courtyard houses of Old Damascus. The Damascene courtyard house constituted the spatial anchor for an idealized moral past, an ahistorical Damascusfocused Arab cultural history, and an imagination of the domestic as sovereign. It thus promoted a view of the neighbourly, the city and the country as a system based on kin, or the family, as the frame in which to understand the collectivity. Bab al-Hara's cultural, moral and spatial telos, a fusion of religious and nationalist worldviews, amongst others, is negotiated by Bab al-Hara’s viewers. The older generation, with situated experience of the social relations during the 1930s, and the younger generation that is appreciative of the virility of the “real” Bab al-Hara man that they no longer encounter in their everyday life. The multiple generational readings in regard to the absent idealized strength and authority, became a dominant reading in relation to chastity and unity as two idealized values that are necessary to conserve, but that are facing serious challenges in the everyday. Bab al-Hara idealizes a moral domestic society that is set in the past and it aims to advance a discourse on unity and patriotism. In so doing, however, it only exposes the weakness of the national project. The Syrian social upheaval in 2011 shows how unity and patriotism as the binaries to sectarianism and treason, have not succeeded in protecting the inner domain of the house from external invasions or internal divisions. In fact, accusations of treason, instead of forcing the outsider to the outside and building solidarity within, accentuates mistrust between the insiders and reveals the power and the limits of t h e Bab al-Hara imaginary of a kin based collectivity, and the omnipresence of imperialism.
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Kolling, Rosane. "Hexabromoacetona como agente tribromoacetilante de álcoois e como mediadora na conversão de ácidos carboxílicos em amidas, na presença de trifenilfosfina." Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93139.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e Matematicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em QuímicaMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T17:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 264141.pdf: 4020815 bytes, checksum: 8589710a3e652d57800037e984f5dc6d (MD5)
Neste trabalho, a HBA foi testada como agente tribromoacetilante de álcoois e como mediadora na conversão de ácidos carboxílicos em amidas, na presença de trifenilfosfina, a partir de reações com aminas. A HBA, não disponível comercialmente, foi preparada pelo método de Gilbert e caracterizada por p.f., IV, RMN de 13C e cristalografia de raios-X. A reação de HBA com álcoois, na presença de DMF, levou à formação dos respectivos tribromoacetatos de alquila apenas para álcoois pouco impedidos estericamente (metanol, etanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, álcool iso-amílico) com rendimentos entre 55 % e 65 %, dependendo da estrutura do álcool. Os produtos, obtidos na forma de óleos incolores, foram caracterizados por IV, RMN de 1H e RMN de 13C. O método de tribromoacetilação de álcoois por HBA pode ser considerado bom comparando-se com outros reportados na literatura. As reações de ácidos carboxílicos (aromáticos e alifáticos) com aminas (aromáticas e alifáticas), mediadas por HBA, na presença de trifenilfosfina, levou à obtenção de amidas, em suaves condições, com rendimentosBR-FIUSC de 53 % a 90 %. As amidas, em sua maioria, sólidas e conhecidas, foram caracterizadas por p.f., IV e RMN de 1H. O método de obtenção de amidas mediadas por HBA tem grande aplicabilidade em função, principalmente, das suaves condições.
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BARADEL, RONDOT YVETTE. "Belfort de l'ancien regime au siege de 1870-1871. Fonction regionale, impact national, 1780-1870." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20017.
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Belfort, place de guerre de vauban, chef-lieu administratif et carrefour commercial au sud de l'alsace, se transforma de part et d'autre de la revolution. La fonction militaire de la ville fut renforcee. Dotee d'un camp retranche, la ville devint un des piliers de la defense de la frontiere du rhin et de la suisse a la veille de 1870. Son role militaire entraina le maintien de sa fonction de chef-lieu administratif. A partir de la revolution, la ville s'ouvrit plus largement sur l'interieur de la france. Traversee par des regiments desormais nationaux et recevant plus d'immigres, les uns et les autres apportant les nouvelles de la france entiere, elle vit se developper une vie politique tres active qui s'enracina sur le fond de l'ideal revolutionnaire de liberte. La garnison fut toujours le pivot de la vie economique mais la revolution favorisa l'activite des anciennes forges qui attirerent les capitaux belfortains. Une industrie textile put s'installer dans la banlieue mais avec des capitaux etrangers a la ville. A partir de 1858 le chemin de fer prit le relais de la route dont le trafic avait decline et apporta a la ville un regain d'activite. Belfort, ville bourgeoise dominee par des notables enrichis durant la revolution se democratisa peu a peu. En meme temps se developpa un esprit laic fonde sur la tolerance et favorise a partir de la revolution par l'installation de deux minorites, familles juives puis protestantes a cote des anciennes familles catholiquesBelfort a fortified town designed by vauban, an administrative and commercial centre in the region to the south of alsace, underwent great changes before and after the revolution. Because of its fortified camp, the town became one of the strongholds of french military defence along the rhine and the swiss border. Belfort's military role caused the town to retain its administrative function. After the revolution, belfort looked more towards france. With the regiments going through it, which were now composed of frenchmen, and with a growing immigration trend, the town received news from all over france and became the centre of a very active political life based largely on revolutionary ideals of liberty. The garnison remained the main support of the town's economy but the revolution favoured the activities of the old iron works that attracted local capital. The textile industry established itself in the suburbs but il relied on capital from outside the town. From 1858 on, the railway took over from the roads, where the traffic had been declining and the town enjoyed a revival of business. Belfort, originally a middle class town domined by notabilities who had made a fortune during the revolution, gradually became more democratic. And at the same time there appeared a spirit of religious tolerance, promoted after 1789 by the advent of two religious minorities, i. E. The jewish, and then the protestant communities, working side by side with the old roman catholic families
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Campbell, Duncan B. "Aspects of Roman siegecraft." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/776/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2002.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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BERNIS, JEAN-CHARLES. "Audit sur la prise en charge de la presentation du siege pendant la grossesse et le travail dans le service de gynecologie-obstetrique dans l'hopital de saint-germain-en-laye." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31295.
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Matos, Joana Catarina Moreira de. "Estudo da síntese de derivados dipeptídicos como potenciais sistemas de cedência biorreversível de fármacos contendo o grupo amida/imida." Dissertação, Porto : [s.n.], 2008. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=FCB01&find_code=SYS&request=000102656.
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Matos, Joana Catarina Moreira de. "Estudo da síntese de derivados dipeptídicos como potenciais sistemas de cedência biorreversível de fármacos contendo o grupo amida/imida." Master's thesis, Porto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64169.
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Silva, Alexandre Vieira. "Síntese de organo-seleno aminas e sua resolução cinética via reação de acetilação enantiosseletiva mediada por lipases." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-02072008-125408/.
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Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de síntese quimioenzimática de organo-seleno aminas (1-((2, 3 ou 4 selenocianato)fenil)etanonas) e amidas (N-(1-(2, 3 ou 4-(etilseleno)fenil)etil)acetamida) enantiomericamente enriquecidas. Inicialmente, as organo-seleno aminas, na forma racêmica, foram sintetizadas a partir das orto-, meta- e para- aminoacetofenonas. A incorporação do átomo de selênio nas cetonas aromáticas foi realizada através da reação de selenocianato de potássio com sais de diazônio, preparados a partir das aminoacetofenonas, para levar as o, m ou p-selenocianato acetofenonas (28-65 %). Reações desses compostos com NaBH4, formaram os intermediários organo-selenoboro, que foram posteriormente alquilados com haletos de alquila de modo a formar as organo-seleno acetofenonas (1-(2, 3 ou 4-(etilseleno)fenil)etanona) (63-78 %). As Organo-seleno aminas racêmicas foram preparadas por aminação redutiva das cetonas correspondentes (39-73 %). Após desenvolvido o protocolo de síntese das organo-seleno aminas, nós estudamos a resolução cinética desses compostos através de reação de acetilação mediada por lipases. Um estudo inicial foi conduzido com a amina para substituído, como substrato modelo, de modo a buscar a lipase, solvente, temperatura, razão lipase/substrato e acilante apropriados para a resolução cinética. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as condições ideais para se conduzir a resolução cinética foi CAL-B como biocatalisador, hexano como solvente e acetato de etila ou metóxi-acetato de etila como acilante a 30°C. Utilizando esse protocolo, as organo-seleno amidas foram preparadas com excelentes excessos enantioméricos (99 %).In this work, we have developed a chemoenzymatic method to enantiomerically synthesize enriched organoselenium amines (1-(2, 3 or 4 -(ethylselanyl)phenyl)ethanamine) and amides (N-(1-(2, 3 or 4-(ethylselanyl)phenyl)ethyl)acetamide). Initially, the organoselenium amines, in the racemic form, were synthesized from ortho-, meta- and para- aminoacetophenones. The incorporation of the selenium atom into the aromatic ketones was achieved by the use of reaction of potassium selenocyanate and diazonium salts, prepared from aminoacetophenones, to afford selenocyanate acetophenones (28-65 %). These compounds were alkylated with alkyl halide to yield the organoselenium acetophenones (1-(2, 3 or 4-(ethylselanyl)phenyl)ethanone) (63-78 %) which were converted into their corresponding racemic organoselenium amines by reductive amination (39-73 %). After developing the protocol for the synthesis of racemic organoselenium amines, we studied the kinetic resolution of these compounds by their acetylation mediated by lipases. An initial study was carried out with the organoselenium amine para substituted, as a model substrate, in order to screen for appropriate lipase, solvent, temperature, lipase/substrate ratio and acylant. This study showed that the ideal condition to conduct the kinetic resolution was CAL-B as biocatalyst, hexane as solvent and ethyl acetate or ethyl methoxyacetate as acylant at 30°C. By using this protocol, the organoselenium amides were prepared in excellent enantiomeric excess (99 %).
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Börjeson, Lowe. "A History under Siege : Intensive Agriculture in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania, 19th Century to the Present." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-215.
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This doctoral thesis examines the history of the Iraqw’ar Da/aw area in the Mbulu Highlands of northern Tanzania. Since the late nineteenth century this area has been known for its intensive cultivation, and referred to as an “island” within a matrix of less intensive land use. The conventional explanation for its characteristics has been high population densities resulting from the prevention of expansion by hostility from surrounding pastoral groups, leading to a siegelike situation. Drawing on an intensive programme of interviews, detailed field mapping and studies of aerial photographs, early travellers’ accounts and landscape photographs, this study challenges that explanation. The study concludes that the process of agricultural intensification has largely been its own driving force, based on self-reinforcing processes of change, and not a consequence of land scarcity.