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Licon, Ana Laura. "Spiderworms: Using Silkworms as Hosts to Produce a Hybrid Silkworm-Spider Silk Fiber." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7591.
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Spider silk has received significant attention due to its fascinating mechanical properties. Given the solitary and cannibalistic behavior of spiders, spider silk farming is impractical. Unlike spiders, silkworms are capable of producing large quantities of a fibrous product in a manner mimetic to spiders, and there already exists an industry to process cocoons into threads and textiles for many applications. The combination of silk farming (sericulture), a millennia old practice, and modern advancements in genetic engineering has given rise to an innovative biomaterial inspired by nature; transgenic silkworm silk.
This project focuses on the creation of chimeric silkworm-spider silk fibers through the genetic modification of silkworms. Advanced genetic engineering techniques were used to introduce the minor ampullate spider silk (MiSp) genes into the silkworm genome. A subset of these transgenic silkworms was cross-bred with other transgenic silkworms containing the same spider silk gene in a different section of the silkworm genome to create hybrid, dual-transgenic silkworms. The transgenic silk samples showed increased mechanical properties compared to native silkworm fibers, with the strongest fibers approaching or surpassing the mechanical properties of native spider silk. The transgenic silk retained the elasticity of the native silkworm silk and gained the strength of the spider silk. Ultimately, genetic engineering opens the door to mass produce synthetic spider silk in an established organism and industry, and the results of this project demonstrate that the properties of silkworm silk can be predictably altered through this technology.
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Blossman-Myer, Bonnie. "A Contravention of Established Principles of Interspecific Allometric Metabolic Scaling in Developing Silkworms, Bombyx Mori." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3704/.
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Established interspecific metabolic allometric relationships do not adequately describe the complexity and variable physiological states of developing animals. Consequently, intraspecific allometric relationships of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production as a function of body mass; the respiratory quotient; the function of the silk cocoon; and body composition were investigated for each distinct developmental stage of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Whole animal O2 consumption in Bombyx ranged from 0.00064 + 0.000047 ml O2 .hr-1 at larval instar I to 0.77 + 0.06 ml O2 .hr-1 in pre-pupal, falling to 0.21+ 0.01 ml O2 .hr-1 in the pupae. Those instars having a significant relationship between O2 consumption as a function of body mass, the slope of the line relating O2 consumption to body mass varied between 0.99 and 1.02, while across all instars the slope was 0.82. Developmental allometry should be presented for individual developmental stages because the individual allometric exponents of the stages can be significantly different from the overall allometric exponent throughout development and in some cases, the overall allometric exponent can be a statistical artifact. The first larval instar of Bombyx mori has the lowest cross sectional area of high metabolic tissue of the midgut (27%) and had one of the highest percentages of some metabolically inert tissues (i.e. lipid, 7.5%). Body composition of the first instar does not support the idea that smaller mass animals having the highest O2 consumption are composed of a greater percentage of metabolically active organs when compared to larger animals. However, this developmental stage has the highest percentage of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase, which correlates well with the high O2 consumption rate of the smaller mass. Therefore, established interspecific principles should not be assumed to function as valid models for intraspecific developmental relationships of metabolism as a function of body mass. Developmental allometry should include an analysis of individual stages of development as well as an analysis of development as a whole to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of allometry of the developing animal such as the silkworm.
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Trancik, Jessika. "Silk microstructures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249173.
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Hakimi, Osnat. "Silkworm and spider silks as potential scaffold materials for tissue engineering." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/506.
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Silks have been described as biocompatible materials with a range of excellent mechanical properties, particularly a rare combination of strength and elasticity thought to arise from their unique molecular composition and ultrastructure. This project was aimed at studying the potential of natural silk fibres for tissue engineering. Species studied included degummed brins from the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori, the wild silkworm Antheraea pernyi and egg sac silk fibres from the spider Nephila edulis. A qualitative and quantitative description of the physical properties of the silks was carried out, where surface appearance, morphology and ultrastructure were investigated using a variety of microscopy techniques. The intrinsic fluorescence, density, linear density and cross section of silk fibres were also measured, facilitating a numerical estimation of their surface area per unit weight. Consequently, the tensile properties of the silks were measured, prior to and post cell culture preparation. The effect of autoclaving, washing and storage in growth medium was assessed through different tensile parameters. Upon culturing endothelial cells on the silk, a marked toxic effect was recorded and investigated, and different washing procedures to remove the toxic effect have been tested. Cell adhesion studies compared the ability of the different silks to support cell attachment for up to ten days. Also measured was as the effect of different treatments of the silk and scaffold design on rates of cell attachment. Finally, a new method of surface modification was developed and tested in order to functionalise natural silk fibres for endothelial guidance and angiogenesis. Results showed that all three silks shared a similar hierarchical ultrastructure of nanofibrils bundled into microfibrils, running parallel to the axis of the fibre. The silks also shared a lined, ridged topography where the fibroin monofilament was exposed or smooth topography when still coated in gum. However, tested silks differed in diameter, morphology, amino acid content and intrinsic fluorescence. Tensile tests showed that preparation for cell culture procedures, including sterilisation by autoclaving and water wetting had little or no effect on the mechanical properties, with the exception of medium incubation, which had a statistically significant effect on the mechanical properties of all tested silks. Cell growth studies showed that exposure of endothelial and myofibroblast cells to silk reduced their growth rates. The effect was mediated by iii both direct and indirect exposure to all tested silks, but most markedly by A. pernyi, which caused a severe cytostatic effect. One study showed that incubation of A.pernyi silk in medium supplemented with serum (but not non-supplemented medium) resulted in highly toxic growth medium. Among the different washing procedures devised to remove the toxicity, only lengthy enzymatic degumming was effective in reducing the toxic effect. Cell adhesion and growth studies indicated endothelial cells could attach and grow on the silk, but adhesion improved after the enzyme treatment. Scaffold design was also shown to have some effect on adhesion, with three-dimensional woven fabric proving a better scaffold than a random mesh of fibres. Finally, it was reported that the transglutaminase Factor XIII might be used to modify the surface of silk fibres with the biologically active factor L1Ig6. To conclude, studies presented in this described two poorly characterised silk species (Antheraea pernyi cocoon and Nephila edulis egg case) in term of their morphology, ultrastructure and fluorescence. They then showed that native, nonmodified silks supported cell attachment and growth provided they were treated to remove toxic coating and used in the form of a woven fabric rather then a loose mesh of fibres. Studies also presented a quantitative approach to the utilisation of silk in tissue engineering, and established wild silkworm silk Antheraea as a superior scaffold compared with egg case from the spider Nephile edulis or the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori. Finally, the novel method of silk modification using Factor XIII was reported as a potential route to further enhancing native silk fibres as cell scaffolds for specific applications. These studies present a unique approach, as they intentionally avoided harsh modifications of silk fibres before their use as scaffolds in order to preserve their excellent mechanical properties.
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Su, Isabelle. "Behavior of a silkworm silk fiber web structure under wind load." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99633.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-59).
Optimized by Nature for millions of years, silk is one of the strongest biomaterials with outstanding mechanical properties, it is both extensible and tough in order to ensure specific functions. In particular, protein-based Bombyx mori silkworm silk's stiffness is originated from the crystalline region of the semi-crystalline fibroin and the extensibility from the length hidden within the amorphous region. The silk fiber is coated with sericin which acts as a glue connecting fibers together and as a matrix in the three-dimensional nonwoven multi-layer composite structure of the cocoon. These properties can be engineered and enhanced with forced reeling silk: fast spun silks are stiffer and less extensible than slow reeled silk. For this study, two-dimensional single cocoon layer webs are created by silkworms and tested under an increasing wind load until failure, the deflections are recorded. To complement the experimental results, the web's structure is generated in two different models: straight fiber web and wavy fiber web models. Both models are studied under constant wind load for four type of fibers with different reeling speeds thus different mechanical properties. These tests indicate that the deflection increases with wind load for both the experiments and the simulations, but also that webs composed of fibers with different mechanical properties are not necessary stiffer and less extensible as the material they are composed of are stiffer and less extensible because of the high redundancy and randomness of the web structure. The divergence in results between the experiments and the simulations suggests the need to improve the models to be more in accordance with the real webs.
by Isabelle Su.
M. Eng.
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Broadwin, Julie. "Intertwining threads : silkworm goddesses, sericulture workers and reformers in Jiangnan, 1880s-1930s /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9936842.
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Begum, Hosne Ara. "Hybridization of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx Mori L.) for higher silk productivity and disease resistance /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19789.pdf.
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Krasnov, Igor [Verfasser]. "Mechanical properties of Bombyx mori silkworm silk: viscoelasticity, structural and molecular origin / Igor Krasnov." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045604046/34.
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Lunke, Martine Dominique. "Molecular characterization of BmGATA-beta, a gene involved in choriogenesis in the silkworm Bombyx mori." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0027/NQ49515.pdf.
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Rao, Sudhakara P. "Studies on the evolution of adaptive bivoltine breeds of silkworm bombyx mori L. for tropical climates." Thesis, Studies on the evolution of adaptive bivoltine breeds of silkworm bombyx mori L. for tropical climates, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3159.
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Diao, Yupu, Anrui Lu, Bing Yang, Wenli Hu, Qing Peng, Qing-Zhi Ling, Brenda T. Beerntsen, Kenneth Söderhäll, and Erjun Ling. "Existence of Prophenoloxidase in Wing Discs : A Source of Plasma Prophenoloxidase in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Uppsala universitet, Jämförande fysiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-184482.
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In insects, hemocytes are considered as the only source of plasma prophenoloxidase (PPO). PPO also exists in the hemocytes of the hematopoietic organ that is connected to the wing disc of Bombyx mori. It is unknown whether there are other cells or tissues that can produce PPO and release it into the hemolymph besides circulating hemocytes. In this study, we use the silkworm as a model to explore this possibility. Through tissue staining and biochemical assays, we found that wing discs contain PPO that can be released into the culture medium in vitro. An in situ assay showed that some cells in the cavity of wing discs have PPO1 and PPO2 mRNA. We conclude that the hematopoietic organ may wrongly release hemocytes into wing discs since they are connected through many tubes as repost in previous paper. In wing discs, the infiltrating hemocytes produce and release PPO probably through cell lysis and the PPO is later transported into hemolymph. Therefore, this might be another source of plasma PPO in the silkworm: some infiltrated hemocytes sourced from the hematopoietic organ release PPO via wing discs.
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Kambe, Yusuke. "Molecular Design of Silk Fibroin for Functional Scaffolds." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174922.
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Santorum, Marilucia. "Avaliação da toxicidade do inseticida novaluron em Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera Bombycidae) /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182490.
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Orientador: Daniela Carvalho dos SantosResumo: O bicho-da-seda, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), é o inseto de maior importância econômica na produção de seda. A lagarta se alimenta de folhas de amoreira e é altamente sensível a agrotóxicos, assim o uso destes em culturas agrícolas circunvizinhas às plantações de amoreira pode afetar o desenvolvimento de B. mori, acarretando em desequilíbrio nas suas funções metabólicas e, consequentemente, comprometendo a produção de casulos. Entre estes agrotóxicos, destaca-se o Novaluron, inseticida inibidor da síntese de quitina nos insetos e empregado no controle de insetos pragas de culturas agrícolas próximas as plantações de amoreira. Assim, investigamos os efeitos tóxicos de Novaluron no desenvolvimento de B. mori. Lagartas de B. mori, foram separadas em dois grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC) e grupo tratamento (GT: tratado com 0, 15 mL/L de Novaluron). Após ecdise do 2° para o 3° instar, lagartas do GT foram alimentadas por 24 horas com folhas de amoreira tratadas com o inseticida. Paralelamente foi realizada uma nova exposição, porém em lagartas que realizavam a ecdise do 4° para o 5° instar. Lagartas, pupas e adultos de B. mori foram anestesiadas e segmentos do intestino médio, glândula da seda e órgãos reprodutores retirados e processados convencionalmente para técnicas de microscopias de luz, eletrônica e imunohistoquímica. Além disso, os efeitos no desenvolvimento, reprodução e qualidade do casulo também foram avaliados. O Novaluron provocou efeitos citotóxico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae is the insect of major economic importance in the production of silk. The larvae feeds on mulberry leaves and is highly sensitive to agrochemicals, thus the use of these in agricultural crops surrounding the mulberry plantations can affect the development of B. mori, causing an imbalance in its metabolic functions and, consequently, compromising the production of cocoons. Among these agrochemicals, stands out the Novaluron, an insecticide inhibitor of the synthesis of chitin in insects and used in the control of insect pests of crops near mulberry plantations. Thus, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of Novaluron on the development of B. mori. Larvae were selected into two experimental groups: control group (CG) and treatment group (TG: treated with 0, 15 mL/L Novaluron). After ecdysis from the 2nd to the 3rd instar, the TG larvae were fed for 24 hours with mulberry leaves treated with the insecticide. In parallel, a new exposition was carried out, however in larvae that carry out the ecdysis from the 4th to the 5th instar. B. mori larvae, pupae and adults were anesthetized and segments of the midgut, silk gland and reproductive organs were removed and processed conventionally for light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the effects on the development, reproduction and quality of the cocoon were also evaluated. Novaluron caused cytotoxic effects on the midgut and the silk glan... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Ouyang, Ching. "Investigation of the role of TBP-TATA interaction in differential transcription of two alanine tRNA genes in silkworm Bombyx mori /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947978.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-101). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947978.
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Åberg, Gabriel. "Intrinsically Functionalized Silk (Bombyx Mori)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97636.
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The goal of the thesis is to incorporate materials with either fluorescent or conductive properties in silk fibers, by feeding silkworms with a diet containing these materials. To achieve this, one would have to breed (rear) silkworm from eggs into larvaes, then to feed the silkworms with this special diet containing fluorescent or conductive materials. Samples of silk were then collected either from spun cocoons or via removing the silk producing organs (silk glands) from the silkworms via dissection. The samples were then analyzed with absorbance spectrometer, spectrofluorometer or via photoluminesecent measurement to determine if any materials had been incorporated into the silk fibers. Silkworms were successfully reared from eggs up to moths, once the silkworm larvae had grown enough in size their diet were switches from their regular food (silkworm chow) to food containing conjugated molecules or polymers with fluorescent or conductive properties. A total of 14 materials were tested. One material gave a clear positive result and that was from the fluorescent compound Rhodamine B. Other fluorescent materials, Nile red and POWT yielded some results indicating their presence in the silk but the results were not conclusive. The rest of the materials all failed with being incorporated within the silk fibers; this was due to their lethality, size, lack of zwitterionic properties and such. The properties of the materials are of great importance for the uptake process, where a small zwitterionic molecule has a great change of being taken up and incorporated in the silk fibers. Whereas a big materials such as a polymer without any zwitterionic will in most cases just follow through the food in the digestive track without any uptake.
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Santorum, Marilucia. "Infecção de células da ampola dos túbulos de MALPIGHI de Bombyx Mori pelo Alphabaculovirus." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/650.
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Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is an entomopathogenic virus Baculoviridae family, Alphabaculovirus genre, which infects the silkworm, Bombyx mori and causes nuclear polyhedrosis disease. A viral geographic isolated from BmNPV was identified in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and a number of organs and target tissues were identified, but there is no information about the infection of Malpighian tubules (MT). MT make up the excretory system of B. mori, acting in the elimination of toxic substances and electrolyte homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the behavior on the susceptibility and cytopathology of MT B. mori to BmNPV. Therefore, hybrid B.mori caterpillars at 5º instar, were inoculated experimentally with a viral suspension of BmNPV. On different days post-inoculation (dpi), the 4° to 9° dpi, MT segments were collected, divided in regions of the ampullae, proximal, medial and distal; following the processing for light and electron microscopy transmission. Material control followed the same process that the inoculated. The results showed that B. mori MT showed variations in their morphology and susceptibility to BmNPV according to the analyzed region. Thus, the region of the ampullae in its transition area to the proximal, appeared susceptible to BmNPV, from 6° dpi, while other regions showed no evidence of infection by the pathogen. The transition area is a small region which is located at the end of the ampullae and the beginning of the proximal region of MT. The cellular morphology of simple lining epithelium showed continuous variation of pavement, characteristic of the ampullae, the cylindrical, in the transition area; already continuous with the proximal region of MT, this morphological change was abruptly. The cytopathology revealed in hypertrophic nucleus, viroplasm containing the nucleocapsid and viral polyhedra. At the end of the infectious cycle was observed cytolysis of infected cells, releasing polyhedra in the extracellular medium, both in hemocele as in MT lumen, a factor that may favor the transmission of the disease. Thus, infection of the ampullae in its transition area to the proximal region, will contribute to greater scientific knowledge of cytopathology aspects and targets of infection from this virus isolated geographical, for the establishment of its infectious cycle of the insect's body BmNPV
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) é um vírus entomopatogênico da família Baculoviridae, gênero Alphabaculovirus, que infecta o bicho-da-seda, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) e causa a doença poliedrose nuclear. Um isolado geográfico viral do BmNPV foi identificado no estado do Paraná, Brasil, e uma série de órgãos e tecidos alvos foram identificados, porém não há informações sobre a infecção dos túbulos de Malpighi (TM). Os TM compõem o sistema excretor de B. mori, atuando na eliminação de substâncias tóxicas e na homeostase hidroeletrolítica. Assim, este estudo objetivou analisar o comportamento referente à susceptibilidade e citopatologia dos TM de B. mori ao BmNPV. Para tanto, lagartas híbridas de B. mori, 5° instar, foram inoculadas experimentalmente com uma suspensão viral de BmNPV. Em diferentes dias pós-inoculação (dpi), do 4° ao 9° dpi, segmentos dos TM foram coletados, subdivididos nas regiões da ampola, proximal, média e distal; seguindo o processamento para as microscopias de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Material controle seguiu o mesmo processamento que o inoculado. Os resultados demonstraram que os TM de B. mori, apresentaram variação na sua morfologia e susceptibilidade ao BmNPV de acordo com a região analisada. Assim, a região da ampola, na sua área de transição com a proximal, se apresentou susceptível ao BmNPV, a partir do 6° dpi, enquanto as demais regiões não evidenciaram indícios de infecção pelo patógeno. A área de transição é uma pequena região que se localiza ao término da ampola e inicio da região proximal do TM. A morfologia celular do epitélio de revestimento simples apresentou variação continua de pavimentoso, característico da ampola, a cilíndrico, na sua área de transição; já na continuidade com a região proximal do TM, esta variação morfológica foi abrupta. A citopatologia revelou no núcleo hipertrófico, o viroplasma, contendo os nucleocapsídeos e os poliedros virais. Ao final do ciclo infeccioso foi verificado a citólise de células infectadas, liberando poliedros no meio extracelular, tanto na hemocele como no lúmen do TM, fator que pode favorecer a transmissão da doença. Assim, a infecção da ampola, na sua área de transição com a região proximal, irá contribuir com um maior conhecimento científico dos aspectos citopatológicos e dos alvos de infecção deste isolado geográfico viral, visando o estabelecimento do seu ciclo infeccioso do BmNPV no corpo do inseto.
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Giacomin, Alessandra Maria. "Dinâmica da inovação da sericicultura no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-14102018-180657/.
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O Brasil destaca-se como maior produtor de seda em escala comercial no Ocidente e o quinto maior no mundo, devido ao eficiente sistema integrado de produção, que qualifica os fios de seda brasileiros como de alta qualidade. A sericicultura é a criação do Bombyx mori L. (bicho-da-seda) para obtenção dos casulos de seda para a fiação. A atividade emprega, no Brasil, aproximadamente, 2.500 famílias no meio rural, gerando renda por cerca de 8 a 9 meses do ano, contribuindo para a fixação delas ao campo. Além disso, cerca de 2.000 funcionários trabalham nas empresas de fiação no meio urbano, e o total de empregos, contando com os empregos indiretos, associados à atividade, somam, aproximadamente, 20.000. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar a dinâmica da inovação da sericicultura no Brasil e as medidas que vêm sendo tomadas nesse sentido. Os dados, para elaboração deste estudo, foram coletados por meio de análise bibliográfica, assim como, visitas técnicas às empresas e aos produtores ligados à sericicultura nos estados do Paraná e São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com quatro sericicultores, juntamente com representantes das empresas Fiação de Seda BRATAC S.A., Fiação de Seda Artesanal O Casulo Feliz, Instituto Vale da Seda e com Enéas Neto, estilista residente da marca Vale da Seda. As principais modernizações constatadas visam diminuir o esforço físico do trabalhador rural e aumentar a produtividade, mantendo os padrões de qualidade. Constatou-se, nas visitas e entrevistas aos produtores rurais, que a sericicultura é, na maioria dos casos, a principal fonte de renda familiar, afirmando a importância social e econômica da referida atividade e que, mesmo após anos anteriores de declínio, vem se mostrando promissora no Brasil, com aumentos gradativos nas últimas safras, tornando-se uma atividade bastante rentável. Por meio das entrevistas com os empresários e representantes do setor, relacionados com a produção de seda no Brasil, percebe-se que se sentem otimistas com relação ao futuro da seda, pois existe hoje uma maior preocupação com o uso de produtos provenientes de extração mais sustentável, duráveis e com maior valor agregado e, a seda, se enquadra nesses requisitos. Além disso, estudos preliminares indicam uma correlação positiva entre a produção de seda e a mitigação da Pegada de Carbono. Desse modo, a sericicultura, de forma sustentável, ética e socialmente responsável, poderá apresentar cada vez maior destaque e, por consequência, refletir positivamente na economia brasileira como um todo. Conclui-se que a sericicultura é uma atividade economicamente viável para o Brasil, o qual apresenta condições de solo e clima favoráveis para a criação do bicho-da-seda, em diversas regiões de seu território, com a possibilidade de gerar empregos e renda, tanto na área rural, quanto na urbana. Impulsionada pela mecanização e modernização da atividade agropecuária, a sericicultura nacional vem retomando lugar de destaqueBrazil stands out as the largest commercial scale silk producer in the West and the fifth largest in the world due to its efficient integrated production system, which qualifies Brazilian silk yarns as high quality. The sericulture is the creation of Bombyx mori L. (silkworm) to obtain silk cocoons for spinning. The activity employs approximately 2,500 rural families in Brazil, generating income for about 8 to 9 months of the year, contributing to their setting in the field. In addition, around 2,000 employees work in the spinning companies and the total amount of jobs, added to the indirect jobs by the activity, is, approximately, 20,000. This research aimed to present the dynamic of sericulture innovation in Brazil and the measures that have been taken in this direction. All the data for the preparation of this study were collected through bibliographic analysis, as well as technical visits to companies and producers linked to sericulture in the states of Parana and Sao Paulo. Interviews were conducted with four sericulturists, along with representatives of the spinning companies of Silk BRATAC S.A., spinning of handmade silk O Casulo Feliz, Silk Valley Institute and with Eneas Neto, resident designer of the Silk Valley brand. The main modernizations observed aim to reduce the physical effort of the rural worker and increase productivity, maintaining the renowned Brazilian quality standards. In the visits and interviews with rural producers, sericulture is, in most cases, the main source of income of the family, affirming the social and economic importance of this activity, and that, even after previous years of decline, showing promising in Brazil, with gradual increases in the last harvests, becoming a very profitable activity for producers of other crops. Through interviews with businessmen and industry representatives related to the production of silk in Brazil, it is perceived that they feel optimistic about the future of silk, as there is a greater concern with the use of products from more sustainable extraction, durable and with higher added value, and silk meets these requirements. Furthermore, preliminary studies indicate a positive correlation between silk production and Carbon Footprint mitigation. In this way, sericulture, in a sustainable, ethical and socially responsible manner, may be increasingly prominent, and consequently, positively reflecting on the Brazilian economy as a whole. It is concluded that sericulture is an economically viable activity for Brazil that presents favorable soil and climate conditions for the creation of silkworms, as well as generates jobs and income in the rural area, contributing to a decrease in the rural exodus. Driven by the mechanization and modernization of agricultural activity, the national sericulture has resumed a prominent place
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Blossman-Myer, Bonnie Burggren Warren W. "A contravention of established principles of interspecific allometric metabolic scaling in developing silkworms, Bombyx mori." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3704.
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Gheysens, Tom. "Small molecules in silks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711624.
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Martinez, Maria Juanita. "Transcription factor IIIB binding to two classes of Alanine tRNA gene promoters of the silkmoth, Bombyx mori /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018382.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-143). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Hunter-Lombardi, Susan Brooke. "Examining Domesticity and Relating to “the Other” Through Raising Silkworms Within Constructed Art Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306958676.
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Zee, Michele Chi-Wai. "Steroid hormones and cell death : analysis of motorneuron and muscle fates during insect metamorphosis /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136456.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Zhang, Xiaoli. "Using Silkworms as a Host to Spin Spider Silk-Like Fibers." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6368.
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Using silkworms as the potential host to spin spider silk-like fibers is an area of intense research world-wide. The conventional methods used to create transgenic silkworms hosting spider silk-like gene limits the incorporation of spider silk-like protein and do not improve the mechanical performance of the composite silkworm/spider silk fibers. In this dissertation, synthetic spider ampullate genes were incorporated into the precise site of the fibroin heavy chain or light chain using the latest genome editing technology CRISPR/cas9 guided non-homologous end joining as opposed to conventional random integration using transposon-based piggyBac system. These protocols, with extensive applicability to other silkworm researches, improved the content of spider silk-like protein in the transgenic silkworm/spider silk fibers, increases genetic stability in offspring, and improves the mechanical performance of the transgenic fibers compared to traditional methods. In addition, an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) was successfully incorporated into the fibroin light chain of silkworms using CRISPR/C as 9 initiated homologous recombination. The transgenic silkworm/spider fibers emitted strong green fluorescence under excitation. These results demonstrate that the we successfully developed a protocol to make silkworm as a host to spin spider silk-like fibers.
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Davies, Gwilym. "Natural and bioinspired silk spinning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7ec14e5-efff-4e19-b1a0-4c9f02ade678.
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This thesis describes an investigation into silk spinning, with the objective of producing high performance silk fibres in the laboratory using a novel spinning device based upon observations on natural spinning glands and processes. After an in-depth literature review the work is reported in two sections: natural and artificial spinning. The literature provides fragmented data on different aspects of natural silk production, and artificial spinning has not yet reproduced fibres with the properties of native silk fibres, despite unfounded claims of biomimetic spinning. The first half of the thesis looks at natural silk spinning. The work started with a general study of the morphology of spider and silkworm spinning ducts: First, how the silk fibre develops as the dope flows through the gland; and second the relationship between silk fibre properties and both gland morphology and spinning speed. More detailed studies using histochemical and spectroscopic investigations showed that the silk ducts of the spider Nephila edulis and the silkworm Bombyx mori both contain β-chitin, despite an evolutionarily distant common ancestor. Finally, observations showed that the duct of N. edulis consists of alternating nanoporous discs, and FEA modelling indicated that the duct is optimised for mechanical integrity and permeability. The second half of the thesis describes the development of a spinning device that uses natural silk dope mainly taken from B. mori as feedstock. It begins with a description of the gradual development of the engineering aspects of the spinning device, to meet challenges raised during the spinning investigation. The development of a centrifugal capillary rheometer, for practical quantitative insights into rheological processes is then presented. Finally the spinning investigation is reported: first, the screening of spinning in glass capillaries based upon natural gland dimensions and flow rates, which have been shown to induce fibrillation in silk dope in a rheometer, and also included initiation of instability through heat applied along the capillary; second, the final spinning evaluation, using lessons learned from all the screening trials throughout the project, but also including a key development of a hydrophobic coating on the capillary tip to inhibit droplet formation and massively increase the process stability and ease of fibre production. The main conclusions from this work are that good silk fibre cannot be spun by flow shear stress alone; and, that heat instability induces indiscriminate gelation of the silk, whose disordered molecular structure gives poor silk fibre properties. The body of work behind these conclusions provides fundamental background information and new insights that will contribute to the next stages of development of artificial silk spinning, from obtaining a better understanding of the biology of natural spinning glands to the engineering difficulties of implementing the bioinspired principles.
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Tsuchiya, Masakazu. "STUDIES ON THE ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL CELL WALL COMPONENTS, UTILIZING THE SELF-DEFENSE SYSTEMS OF HORSESHOE CRABS AND SILKWORMS." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181387.
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HOLANDA, Pedro Ronaldo Herculano de. "Secador para casulos do Bicho-da-seda: Desenvolvimento, simulação e experimentação." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2007. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1656.
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A cultura do bicho-da-seda (Sericicultura), é uma atividade em fase de desenvolvimento no mundo inteiro, gerando emprego, renda agrícola e intercâmbio comercial. O casulo produzido pelo bicho-da-seda é constituído de casca, crisálida e espólio, sendo a casca constituída basicamente por sericina e fibroina. Devido ao alto teor de umidade (68 a 70%, em base úmida) e o curto ciclo de vida da crisálida (4 a 5 dias depois da colheita), é necessário que o casulo seja submetido ao processo de secagem, com a finalidade de ser armazenado com baixo teor de umidade (10 a 12% b.s), para posteriormente ser utilizado na Indústria de fiação, onde é transformado em produtos de alto valor comercial. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho tem como objetivo o projeto, a construção e a experimentação de um secador (tipo esteira com fluxos cruzados) e simulação da secagem de casulos do bicho-da-seda. São referenciados aspectos construtivos, funcionamento do secador e uma modelagem matemática para descrever as trocas de energia e massa entre o produto e o ar de secagem no interior do secador. As equações matemáticas foram resolvidas numericamente usando o método de volumes finitos. Resultados do desempenho de componentes do secador experimental e da secagem do casulo (simulada) são discutidos e analisados. Verificou-se que o teor de água do produto, no processo de secagem depende fortemente da temperatura, levemente da espessura da camada de casulos e praticamente independe da velocidade do ar de secagem. O secador desenvolvido tem as seguintes vantagens: versatilidade, baixo custo de construção, totalmente desmontável, boa mobilidade e esteiras controladas eletronicamente.
The culture of the silkworm (sériciculture) is an activity in development in all the world generating job, agricultural financial support and commercial exchange. Shell, chrysalis and booty constitute the cocoon produced by Bombix mori L. The shell is composed of fibroin and sericin. The cocoon has high initial moisture content (68 - 70% w. b.) and a the chrysalis has a low life cycle (4-5 days after harvested). Then, it needs to be submitted to the drying process and to be stored at low moisture content (10 - 12% d. b.) and after it needs to be marketed to produce silk yarns, which are used on the manufacturing of high cost products. In this sense, the goal of this work is to design, to make and to test a cross flow band conveyon dryer and to simulate silk worm cocoon drying. Building and working aspect of the dryer and mathematical modeling to describe heat and mans transfer between air and product inside the dryer are reported. The mathematical equation are solved numerically using the finite volume method. Results of the performance of the experimental dryer and cocoon drying (simulated) are presented and analyzed. From the results it was verified that during of the drying process, the moisture content of the cocoon depends strongly of the air temperature, slightly of the cocoon layer thinkness and it is almost affected by air flow rate. The following advantages of the dryer can be cited versatility, low costoff the building, many easy to pieces, good mobility and electronic control of the wire net.
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Gamero, Patricia Dias. "Efeito do gluconato de cálcio em blendas poliméricas sericina / álcool poli (vinílico)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3219.
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A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias na área de materiais e de processos químicos tem sido objeto de muitos trabalhos científicos que buscam inovações. O uso de materiais poliméricos para aplicação na área biomédica está em constante ascensão, e possuem importantes aplicações como sistema controlado de liberação de drogas, encapsulamento de células, regeneração de tecidos musculares e blendas para uso tópico. Os polímeros podem ser sintéticos como os álcool poli (vinílico)(PVA) e naturais também chamados de biopolímeros como a sericina (SER) formada pelo Bombyx mori. Para a utilização de biopolímeros é extremamente importante à avaliação de algumas características como dos agentes plastificantes e/ou reticulantes, a fim de, produzir blendas com melhores propriedades ao fim destinado. Dentro desse contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do gluconato de cálcio (GLU) em blendas poliméricas SER/PVA visando uma possível aplicação em materiais com liberação controlada de fármacos, elaborar filmes poliméricos da blenda SER/PVA com glicerol (GLI) e gluconato de cálcio e composições e caracterizar sistemas esses filmes quanto ao teor de umidade, espectroscopia no infravermelho em módulo de refletância total atenuada com transformada de Fourier, análises termogravimétrica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaios de tração e monitorar o teor de cálcio em solução proveniente da liberação do gluconato de cálcio presente nos filmes da blenda SER/PVA por espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Observou-se maior estabilidade térmica nos filmes com GLU como aditivo devido ao seu possível efeito reticulante relacionado aos íons Ca2+ presentes na blenda, com teor de umidade maior quando a GLY é utilizada, Nos estudos de FTIR-ATR pode ser observado que o GLU causa alteração do perfil espectroscópico do filme entre 50% e 60% do teor de SER diferentemente do que ocorre com a GLY (40% - 50%) Nos estudos de morfologia observou-se uma separação de fase em ambos os filmes com GLY e GLU, nos resultados de tração o GLY apresentou a plasticidade esperada já o GLU elimina a plasticidade do filme SER/PVA porém aumento significativamente a resistência do material, consequência clara de interações mais intensas no interior do material. Apresentou também um perfil de liberação positivo que pode ser modulado em composições de SER/PVA, esses resultados demonstram a viabilidade do filme como um material de liberação. Assim o GLU possui uma função múltipla na blenda polimérica proposta além de atuar como reticulante também pode atuar como fármaco.The research and development of new technologies in the field of chemical materials and processes has been the subject of many scientific works that seek innovations. The use of polymer materials for application in the biomedical area is constantly increasing, and they have important applications as controlled system of drug release, cell encapsulation, regeneration of muscle tissues and blends for topical use. The polymers may be synthetic such as poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and natural also called biopolymers such as sericin (SER) formed by Bombyx mori. For the use of biopolymers it is extremely important to evaluate some characteristics such as plasticizers and / or crosslinking agents in order to produce blends with better properties to the intended purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium gluconate (GLU) on SER / PVA polymer blends aiming at a possible application in materials with controlled release of drugs, to prepare SER / PVA polymer blends with glycerol (GLI) And calcium gluconate and compositions and characterize systems such films for moisture content, infrared spectroscopy in Fourier transform attenuated total reflectance module, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests and monitor calcium content in solution Resulting from the release of the calcium gluconate present in the SER / PVA blends films by atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was observed higher thermal stability in GLU films as an additive due to its possible crosslinking effect related to the Ca2+ ions present in the blends, with a higher moisture content when GLY is used. In the FTIR-ATR studies it can be observed that GLU causes Alteration of the spectroscopic profile of the film between 50% and 60% of the SER content differently than occurs with GLY (40% - 50%) In the morphology studies a phase separation was observed in both GLY and GLU films, In the traction results the GLY presented the expected plasticity since the GLU eliminates the plasticity of the SER / PVA film but significantly increases the resistance of the material, a clear consequence of more intense interactions inside the material. It also showed a positive release profile that can be modulated in SER / PVA compositions, these results demonstrating the viability of the film as a release material. Thus, GLU has a multiple function in the proposed polymer blend as well as acting as a crosslinker can also act as a drug.
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Murray, Susan. "The Female Social Activist in American Cinema - A New Genre: Norma Rae, Silkwood, Erin Brockovich, and North Country." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/83.
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This thesis proposes that the female social activist is a new genre in American cinema. The four films chosen in this paper: Norma Rae, Erin Brockovich, Silkwood, and North Country are argued to be representative, and form the narrative construct of this genre. The argument uses Stanley Cavell?s theory of genre composition as presented in Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage and Contesting Tears: The Hollywood Melodrama of the Unknown Woman. There is growing recognition in the American film industry that a series of films portraying women as activists addressing social concerns is forming the basis of an emerging new genre. The social concerns addressed in the above films are: environmental pollution and its toxic health effects, sexual harassment of women in traditional male work places, radioactive contamination of nuclear plant workers, and unionization of textile workers. In this genre women are presented in a new social role. Future directions of this work suggest that the female social activist genre can encompass effectively all areas of social concerns as gender is demonstratively not a barrier.
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Lo, Chu-Min, and 羅竹民. "The Diagnosis of Silkworm Disease." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00177288394432164177.
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碩士臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
95
The viral studies need to establish in vitro viral propagation, and the morphological and molecular data are necessary for the identification and classification of an unknown virus. The aim of this study was undertaken to identify the viral pathogen from moribund silkworm larvae. For in vitro propagation, we selected a high NPV susceptible cell strain, LY16, from NTU-LY1 cells. The tissue fluid extracted from the moribund silkworm larvae was used as an inoculum to infect LY16 cells. The infected LY16 cells were examined by light and electron microscopes. The viral inclusion bodies and virogenic stroma were found in the cytoplasm of the cells. The gross anatomies of the disease silkworm larvae fed or injected with the media of the infected LY16 cells showed a typical symptom of flacheries disease. The columnar cells of the midgut of the disease silkworm were main target cells of the virus and also the muscle cells surrounded the midgut were seriously infected. The purified viral particles are icosahedral in shape and 28 nm in size by negative stain. Based on cytopathic effect and electropathogenic observations, this virus is highly similar to PnV (Perina nuda virus). By RT-PCR amplification, we found that PnV exists in uninfected LY16 cells, therefore LY16 cells are persistent infection with PnV. In conclusions, (1) LY16 cells are PnV-persistent infection cells; (2) PnV can infect both LY cells and silkworm larvae; (3) and the origin pathogen of silkworm may either PnV contaminated from lab during rearing or viral pathogens of silkworm origin which can’t propagate in LY16 cells.
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Samson, Vines M. "Bacterial diseases of silkworm and their control." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2207.
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Palhan, Vikas B. "Bombyx Mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus : Molecular Biology And Biotechnology Applications." Thesis, 1995. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1651.
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SAJWAN, Suresh Chandra Singh. "Gene targeting in Silkworm (Bombyx mori) by Engineered Endonucleases." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-151839.
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This thesis describes the establishment of a precise gene targeting methodology in the silkworm Bombyx mori by technologies based on engineered endonucleases. Two classes of engineered endonucleases, ZFNs and full length TALENs were used for creating DSBs at specified sites in the colour marker genes (BmBlos2 and Bmwh3). Direct embryo microinjection of engineered nucleases mRNA were performed and let the nuclease proteins to disrupt the functions of these marker genes by creating DSBs and inducing error prone NHEJ mechanism. These experiments showed that both ZFNs and TALENs could be used for targeted gene disruption in silkworms.
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Swamy, Nanjunda L. "Studies on the combining ability in silkworm Bombyx mori L." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1471.
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Kumar, Selva T. "Studies on cause and prevention of flacherine in silkworm, BombyxMoriL." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1501.
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Reddy, Dayananda R. "Biochemical toxicology of dimethoate (organophosphorus pesticide) in silkworm bombyx mori." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2472.
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Ramesh, C. K. "Development of Hardy bivoltine Races of Silkworm Bombyx Mori L." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5971.
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lee, yee-chen, and 李翼丞. "Study on photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in silkworm larva digestive tract." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17199313291905232424.
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碩士中國文化大學
生物科技研究所
91
The digesting, transformation, absorption, transport and utilization, of chlorophylls and their physiological function in animals are still a myth. It is worthy to study if chlorophyll- or porphyrin-related compounds (CRCs or PRCs) play any role in animal. In this study, the red fluorescent protein (RFP) of silkworm (Bombyx mori) was employed to explore the above question. RFP has been known to be antivirus in the digestive juice of silkworm. Absorption spectrophotometer, high performance liquid chromatography, Thornber and MARS electrophoresis system and western blotting were hired to analyze the biochemical characteristics of mulberry leaf、RFPI in the digestive juice, and RFPII on the digestive tract. Data show that mulberry leaf、RFPI and RFPII are very different. By using a reversed-phase HPLC system chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and b) were found in RFPI purified according to Hou and Chiu (1986). The result is different from that of Hayashiya (1978) and Uchida and Hayashiya (1981), who reported that RFPI contained only chlorophyllide a (Chlide a).The Thornber and MARS electrophoresis systems and western blotting show both RFPI and RFPII contain four apoproteins of pigment-protein complexes of mulberry leaf, including RCIa、LHCIIa、LHCIIb and LHCIIc. Combination of the above data suggest that pigments and proteins of RFP I and RFPII might be totally or partially and directly or indirectly tranformed from pigment-protein complexes responsible for photosynthesis in mulberry leaf. It is therefore suggested that there may be a new model of assimilate nutrients in silkworm larvae.
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Zhang, K., M. Xu, J. Su, Z. Sun, Y. Li, W. Zhang, J. Hou, Lijun Shang, and H. Cui. "Characterization and identification of the integrin family in silkworm, Bombyx mori." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10480.
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YesAs an important economic insect, Bombyx mori is also a useful model organism for lepidopteran insect. Integrins are evolutionarily conserved fromsponges to humans, and play vital roles inmany physiological and pathological processes. To explore their diverse functions of integrins in insect, eleven integrins including sixα and five β subunitswere cloned and characterized fromsilkworm. Our results showed that integrins fromsilkwormown more family members compared to other invertebrates. Among those α subunits, integrins α1, α2, and the other four subunits belong to PS1, PS2, and PS3 groups, respectively. The β subunits mainly gather in the insect βν group except the β1 subunit which belongs to the insect β group. Expression profiles demonstrated that the integrins exhibited distinct patterns, but were mainly expressed in hemocytes. α1 and β2 subunits are the predominant ones either in the embryogenesis or larva stages. Interestingly, integrins were significantly up-regulated after stimulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) in vivo. These results indicate that integrins performdiverse functions in hemocytes of silkworm. Overall, our results provide a newinsight into the functional and evolutionary features of integrins.
National Basic Research Programof China (No. 2012cb114603), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20130182110003), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2013jcyjys0007), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWU111014).
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Maribashetty, V. G. "Evolution of superior bivoltine races of silkworm. Bombyx mori. L for tropics." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1465.
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Rajanna, G. S. "Evolution of suitable bivoltine races of silkworm bombyx mori L. for tropics." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2840.
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Lin, Hung-Jen, and 林宏任. "Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Dietary Fiber from Feces of Silkworm." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61712617098567905106.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
100
Commonly used to break down agricultural wastes of cellulose are fungal microorganisms of the genus, in a specific environment will produce mycotoxins, such as applied to the food easy to cause harm to the human body. Lactic acid bacteria are GRAS, if replaced by lactic acid bacteria fungi microbes will be able to improve some health and safety issues on the fermentation process. Therefore, this experiment aimed at screening with powerful plant cellulose-decomposing ability of lactic acid bacteria strains. Isolation of silkworm feces by MRS broth, selective medium, analysis of characteristics of lactic acid bacteria, total filter out 32 strains. Strain can decompose cellulose and xylose, and has the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria. Determination of cellulase enzyme activity, then the election of the top 10 did identification. 8 strains of high-probability is Enterococcus mundtii. 2 strains possibilities are Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus gallinarum. Strains of fungi and Aspergillus clavatus comparison cellulase enzyme activity results, although higher enzyme activity of fungi, but filtered strains still has advantages, can breed in anaerobic environments, use cellulose and xylose to grow. Research still has growth potential.
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Liang, Jia-Yuan, and 梁家源. "The Studies of Endoclita sinensis Biology and Cordyceps militaris Inoculation of Silkworm." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22929743905702861929.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
森林暨自然資源學系研究所
99
This thesis mainly covers two portions. The first portion stresses on the studies on biology of Endoclita sinensis (Moore 1877). E. sinensis belongs to Hepialidae of Lepidoptera. This study aims at the observation of life history and biology of E. sinensis. The results show that the larvae could attack tree trunks, spin silken threads and tie debris, and excrete to seal the feeding tunnels. The host plants callus around the feeding tunnels is the main food source. In the field, the larvae distribute in community type. In the field, the body length and weight of E. sinensis female final instar larvae was 86.5 ± 11.4 mm and 6.5 ± 2.0 g. significantly higher than that of the male 64.0 ± 12.8 mm and 2.8 ± 1.3 g, respectively. The chaetotaxy, morphological characteristics of D1、SD1 and SD2 on microtrichiated field of E. sinensis last instar larvae prothorax was similar to Aenetus and Phassus of wood-borers and callus feeders genera. The E. sinensis eggs are round with a diameter 0.8 mm and have small spots on surface. The egg period is 30 ± 3 days. The hatching rate can reach 98.21 ± 1.32% at 25℃ and 100% HR. The larvae have 6 instars at 25℃. The widths of larval head capsule at different instars are 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.6 ± 0.1, 1.7 ± 0.3, 4.6 ± 0.6, 6.8 ± 0.8, and 8.4 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. Young larvae, after hatching, do not gnaw or eat their egg shells. They live apart from each other in certain distances, but might attack each other for competing growing space. E. sinensis larvae had shown a preference towards artificial diet containing Macaranga tanarius wood powder. Before pupating, the larvae could spin threads in the channels. Then, these threads are constructed into layers, which are perpendicular to the feeding channels and have structures similar to spider-web. Pupation takes place at the bottom of channels. This larva period is 294 ± 14 days. E. sinensis larva shows obvious differences on its growth time and body length when it is fed with four diverse artificial feed (designated as ADⅠ, ADⅡ, ADⅢ and ADⅣ) at four different temperatures, 21, 24, 27 and 30 degrees centigrade. While being fed with feed ADⅢ at 27℃, the larva has a shortest growth time, 259.2 ± 3.8 days, whereas feeding with ADⅠat 21℃ gives a longest growth time, 321.0 ± 1.6 days. The pupae have a cylindrical shape with a 54.8 ± 5.2 mm in length. In the pupa stage, the female and male could be distinguished by the characteristics of external genital of abdominal tip. Before eclosion, pupae would move via peristaltic rotation toward inlet of channels. This pupal period is 25 ± 4 days. In the adult stage, its mouth parts are degenerated. Its antennae are 0.5 ± 0.2 mm in length, thread-shaped, and undeveloped. The forewings of adults have jugum at base, yellowish-brown background with many dark-brown spots and black stripes on it, and there is a white spot in the discal, whereas the hindwings are black-brown without any spots or stripes. The male is more slender than the female; its body length is 3.85 ± 0.52 cm and its wings spread 5.85 ± 0.74 cm, with orange pheromone gland on hind legs tibial. On the contrary, the female worm is stouter; its body length is 4.8 ± 0.8 cm and its wings spread 8.9 ± 0.6 cm. The adult’s average life is about 7 days. This study is able to observe the development of E. sinensis larvae to adult, and can breed it with artificial diet. However, the mating and spawning behavior of E. sinensis is still unknown. Further study is needed to observe the effects of photoperiod, temperature and other environmental factors. The second portion emphasizes on the study of Cordyceps militaris (Vuill.) on the growth characteristics and inoculation of silkworm. C. militaris, also known as Northern Cordyceps, is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to genus Cordyceps, family Clavicipitaceae. This study is aimed at the growth conditions and artificial induction of fruiting body of C. militaris, as well as the chemical contents of its fruiting body and mycelium. The results showed that C. militaris have been collected from Tasha trail of Alishan forest recreation area. The optimal medium was PDB medium supplemented with 5% glucose and 1% yeast extract. The optimal temperature was 23℃. Fruiting bodies of C. militaris were induced by injecting mycelium solution of C. militaris (concentration 82.5 mg/ml) into pupae of silkworm (Bombyx mori), followed by embedding the inoculated pupae in soil mixture, and cultured in the growth chamber (23 ± 2°C, 80% RH and 10/14 h light/dark cycle). Results of chemical composition analysis revealed that the fruiting bodies contained more polysaccharides (163.51 ± 3.96 mg/g) and cordycepin (90.20 ± 0.92 mg/g) than mycelium. However, the mycelium of C. sinensis had higher adenosine content (23.72 ± 0.08 mg/g) than that of C. militaris fruiting body. The amino concentrations of fruiting body of C. militaris developed from silkworm pupae were aspartic acid 31.820 mg/g, glutamine 41.263 mg/g, arginine 17.31 mg/g, higher than that of the fruiting body of C. militaris developed from artificial medium.
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Himantharaj, M. T. "Studies on the influence of nutrition on fecundity in silkworm Bombyx Mori L." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1494.
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Kumar, Nirmal S. "Studies on the Synthesis of appropriate Silkworm breeds (Bombyx Mori L ) for tropics." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2349.
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Babu, Srinivas G. K. "Studies on some aspects of Industrial seed production in silkworm Bombyx Mori. L." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5930.
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Sung, Hsu-Min, and 宋旭民. "Functional Regulation of Baculovirus Homologous Region by Cellular microRNAs of Silkworm Bombyx mori." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64873002393493768538.
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碩士國立陽明大學
生命科學系暨基因體科學研究所
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Abstract Individual baculovirus homologous region (hr) contains 2 to 8 tandem repeats of imperfect palindrome sequence and has been proved to function as a transcriptional enhancer in both insect and mammalian cells. Besides, it can function as a replication origin in a virus-dependent manner. In this study, we found that when the microRNA (miRNA) pathway was abolished, the replication of AcMNPV could increase significantly in non-host BmN cells; therefore, possibility exist that certain miRNAs in BmN cells might suppress the functions of hrs and block the replication of the virus. With the aid of in silico prediction, we identified 10 Bombyx mori cellular miRNAs with potential binding sites on hr. Reporter assay and qPCR studies showed that the function of hr as a transcriptional enhancer and replication origin were both significantly suppressed by certain Bombyx mori miRNAs. Those miRNAs can significantly suppress the function of hr were predicted to have high binding scores against the palindrome sequence of hrs. Two of these miRNAs, bmo-2808a and bmo-2808b, were both predicted to have multiple binding sites on the viral DNA (hr1, hr2, hr3, hr4, hr5). It was proven that the binding of IE1 on palindrome sequence is important for hr to display its full function; therefore, it is reasonable for us to propose that bmo-2808a and bmo-2808b might suppress the function of hr via occupying the IE1 binding sites on palindrome sequence. This hypothesis is supported by our observation that the number of IE1 foci in the nucleus is decreased when co-transfected with either bmo-2808a or bmo-2808b, indicating these miRNAs function as inhibitors to keep IE1 away from its binding sites on hr. Although further experiments are still needed, our results may have identified a novel role of miRNA to the functional regulation of DNA replication and / or enhancing of transcription.
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Chen, Shue-Fang, and 陳淑芳. "Hormonal Control of DNA Synthesis in Corpora Allata of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06617042012513169579.
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Udupa, S. Rajesh. "Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen From The Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx mori : Cloning And Characterisation." Thesis, 1999. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1566.
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Liao, Guang-Zheng, and 廖光正. "Studies on the improvement in artificial diet for the young silkworm, bombyx mori." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92071266568461052125.
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Umashankara, M. L. "Genetic approach for the synthesis of new bivoltine breeds of Silkworm Bombyx Mori,L." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3077.
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