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Hamid, Abd Rahman. "The Role of Makassar in Promoting the Archipelago Spice Route in the XVI–XVII Centuries." Buletin Al-Turas 28, no. 2 (2022): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v28i2.25037.
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PurposeThis study explored the three roles of Makassar in advancing the archipelago's spice routes: port growth arrangement, maritime policy, and maritime trade management in the XVI—XVII centuries.MethodThis study used historical research methods including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources of data used were local sources (lontara) and foreign sources (Portuguese, Dutch, and English) to answer the three problems mentioned above by placing Makassar as the subject of the Nusantara spice route.Results/FindingsThe results of the study are: 1) the port growth arrangement the Makassar authorities did was by responding to the global trade dynamics around the spice route, such as focusing on structuring its ports as the centre of the Maluku spice trade. Second, maritime policy was implemented through free ports and the principle of Mare Liberum to advance Makassar to become an entrepot and a cosmopolitan world city. Third, the codification of Ammana Gappa's shipping and trade laws in Makassar further strengthens the maritime identity of the Makassarese, Bugis, and Mandar people in building the spice route of the Archipelago.ConclusionStarting from the perspective of the archipelago as a subject, this study shows the role of Makassar in promoting the spice route. Studies like this can also be developed at other ports on the spice route, thereby strengthening the archipelago's contribution to the history of the world's spice routes.
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Berkat Immanuel Salempa and Seniwati Seniwati. "Diplomasi Maritim “Rempah” di Nusantara: Perjalanan dari Maluku Sampai ke Pelabuhan Malaka." Journal of Creative Student Research 2, no. 6 (2024): 71–84. https://doi.org/10.55606/jcsr-politama.v2i6.4571.
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Spice commodities are very important commodities in trade in the past, spice trading routes built by the people of the archipelago and traders from India and China, caused many local ports to emerge which developed rapidly into ports that were visited by many merchant ships from various regions, past ports such as Maluku, Banda, Makassar, and Malacca. In the context of global trade, a trade network was formed that connected the western world as consumers and the eastern world as producers of commodities. The regions in the archipelago are known as centers of spice production that are very diverse, almost every region of the archipelago has typical spices that are traded. This study aims to look at the history of the spice route in the archipelago and its benefits as a form of diplomacy in ancient times, which can make the economy in various regions of the archipelago develop well, the spread of religion and cultural exchange can occur due to diplomacy through the spice route. With this aim, this study uses a library research method related to archaeological data and historical source searches. The results of this study obtained information that the most sought-after spices in the past were cloves, nutmeg, and mace, which could be found in the Maluku and Banda regions. From the existence of these three spices, a spice route was created starting from Maluku to the port of Malacca, which at that time was the largest gathering point for Chinese, Indian, and European traders.
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Wardah, Eva Syarifah, and Eneng Malihatunnajiah. "Dari Toponimi Hingga Gastronomi: Melacak Tinggalan Jaringan Perdagangan Rempah di Banten." Tsaqofah 20, no. 1 (2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tsaqofah.v20i1.5770.
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Banten as an emporium which has progressed quite rapidly, especially in the spice trade network. Based on historical records, Banten was the administrative center of the Banten Sultanate as well as the center of the spice route with the main commodity of pepper, which has the best quality in the archipelago. The smell of spices eventually made merchants from various countries, such as Arab, Persian, Gujarat, Indian, Chinese, Dutch, Portuguese, and English visit Banten. So that since the 16th century Banten was known as a pepper and another spices such as pepper, nutmeg, cloves, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon and many more. The foreigners are coming to Banten, made the sultan issue a policy of open free trade politics, among others, organizing the area based on ethnicity, activities, and production. The sultan’s policy had a major influence on the tracking of the spice routes in Banten. Besides spices being the political and economic reason for the Banten Sultanate to prosper the people, spices are also a catalyst for Banten’s domination and competition with foreign nations. The traces of this spice route become the heritage of the ancestors who have the values of local wisdom.
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Karsiwan. "PENDAMPINGAN PENGUATAN KAPASITAS PELAKU BUDAYA JALUR REMPAH DI LAMPUNG." Mafaza : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2022): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32665/mafaza.v2i1.460.
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The Spice Route is a spice trade route in the archipelago and leaves traces of civilization heritage, including in the Lampung region. Assistance in strengthening the capacity of the Spice Route cultural actors is carried out in order to support the government's efforts to propose the Spice Route as an intangible cultural heritage by Unesco. interest in the history of the spice route in the Southern Sumatra region, especially the Lampung area. In addition, mentoring activities to strengthen the capacity of the cultural actors of the spice route are also intended as a promotion and socialization of the existence of the spice route in Lampung to cultural actors from outside Lampung. The partners for this service are the Directorate of Cultural Protection, Kemendikbudristek, the Education and Culture Offices of West Lampung and East Lampung Regencies, students and history teachers in Jakarta, Bandung and Banten. The method of devotion is a direct mentoring method to the perpetrators of the spice path culture. The results of the service were the recording of spice knots in the Lampung area, especially in Bandar Lampung with the location of the spice route in the form of Panjang port and Jami Al Anwar Mosque. For the East Lampung area, it is located at the Pugung Rahardjo Archaeological Site and the remains of the Sultanate of Banten in Lampung in the form of the Dalung Charter which supports the existence of pepper plantations. West Lampung is located at Wisma Sindalapai, Tomb of King Selalau, Lamban Pesagi, Dalom Belunguh Building. Lampung as a spice-producing area that has close relations with the spice route, especially with the Sultanate of Banten can be information that provides an illustration that Lampung was once a spice-producing center and had an important role in the spice trade node in the region that connected the West and East. Archipelago.
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Chrisswantra, Freddy. "JEPARA WOOD CARVING AND THE CULTURAL INFLUENCES OF THE NUSANTARA MARITIME SPICE ROUTE." Serat Rupa Journal of Design 5, no. 2 (2021): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/srjd.v5i2.3786.
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The increasing need for spices in the world triggers various expeditions to find sources of spices in the world. The activity of searching for the origin of these spices gave birth to international trade systems and routes. The emergence of this spice route resulted in the emergence of trading ports which became the forerunner to the emergence of new kingdoms. Jepara was one of the kingdoms that emerged because it had a port in a strategic area on the spice trade route. The hustle and bustle of trading activities in Jepara also affects the social life of the Jepara people who have long been known for their carving skills. Traders who come from various parts of the country and abroad open up opportunities for cultural mixing, which has an impact on culture, expertise, and the application of patterns in the art of Jepara wood carving. In this paper, the researcher tries to mitigate the development and influence of acculturation brought by foreign traders with a historiography method to make it easier to read the impact of the maritime spice route on the development of carving in Jepara. The results of this study shows the application of various wood carving motifs to various artifacts as a result of the influence of the mixed culture in Jepara at that time.
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Jacobs, Irene B. "Book Review: The Spice Route." International Journal of Maritime History 18, no. 2 (2006): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140601800231.
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Setiawan, Budiana, and Ferdi Widiputera. "Internalization strategy of conscious awareness of spices lane as national brand and national pride of Indonesian nation." Technium Social Sciences Journal 7 (May 5, 2020): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v7i1.441.
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The archipelago (now Indonesia) in the past was known as the center of the spice commodity, which was needed for various purposes by other nations, such as: China, India, the Middle East, and Europe. This has caused the archipelago to become a destination for traders from other countries for thousands of years, thus creating a trade route called the Spice Route. The glory of the Spice Route in the Archipelago reached its peak in 1500 until 1650, but then collapsed after being ruled by European nations. Nevertheless, the existence of the history of the Spice Track needs to be internalized to students as one of the nation's branding and nation pride of the Indonesian people. The problems are: (1) What is the strategy of internalizing the teaching of the Spice Path to students? (2) What are the efforts made by the government, to support efforts to internalize the historical awareness of the Spice Track? The aim is to instill awareness to the younger generation about the glory of the Indonesian people in the past as a producer of spices. The results showed that the strategy undertaken by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to internalize the history of the Spice Track to the younger generation was through: exhibitions, historical visits, and discussions / seminars. However, the internalization effort has not been evenly carried out in all provinces, districts and cities. To that end, internalization of the history of the Spice Route can also be done through museum visits, especially provincial state museums located in provincial capitals. Awareness about the history of the Spice Route can also be used to break the efforts of the Chinese government to promote the Maritime Silk Road for their political trade interests.
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Karyadi, Fathurrochman. "Jejak Jalur Rempah Nusantara dalam Catatan Sejarah Qatar." ISLAM NUSANTARA:Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture 6, no. 1 (2025): 132–40. https://doi.org/10.47776/5p6wpx14.
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This research discusses Qatar's role in the Nusantara spice trade route using the book "Qaṭar fī ‘Uyūn al-Rahhālah" by Ali Bin Ghanem Al-Hajri as the primary source. According to Al-Hajri, Qatar serves as a crucial transit center in the spice trade, receiving ships from the Far East and distributing their goods to various regions. Although Qatar does not produce these spices, the country plays a vital role in the trading network. This study also compares the maritime trade routes described by Al-Hajri with the records of Ibn Majid, while highlighting the role of Arab traders in the history of spice trade. By considering these historical records, this research provides valuable insights into Qatar's relationship with spice trade and the Southeast Asian region, particularly the Nusantara.
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Mufrodi, Ali. "The Spice Route and The Sub-Urban Muslim Community in South East Asia." Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 5, no. 1 (2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v5i1.2151.
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The spice route is the route that the spice trade passes from its home country, the Maluku Islands in particular, and the Archipelago Islands in general to other countries in the world. The spice route is thought to have existed for several centuries BC. The spice route stretches from the Maluku Islands/Nusantara to Malaya, India, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, to Europe. The Arabs took part in the spice trade from the Archipelago and the Persians, Indians, Malays, and the Chinese. When the Arabs embraced Islam and followed by the Persians and Indians, they passed and controlled the trade in the spice route. Since the first century to the twelfth century AD, Indian civilization with Hinduism and Buddhism dominated society and politics in Southeast Asia. Even the still Hindu solid kingdom in Java lasted until the end of the fifteenth century. During such a period, the Muslims became members of the marginalized communities on the spice route under the shadow of Hinduistic hegemony. However, they can play a role in the Islamization of the Southeast Asian Region through the spice route. Gradually the Muslims can shift the Hindu/Buddhist civilization and establish political power and build Islamic civilization. Islamic civilization includes, among others, the development of Islamic religious knowledge, shaping Islamic traditions in society, advancing education, and establishing political power. The writer used the 4-step historical method in this study, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. He also applied acculturation theory to discuss this theme. Given the limited time, secondary sources were used to write this research.
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Baiquni, M. "SPICE CULTURE IN JAVA AS A REVITALIZATION OF ANCIENT SPICE PATHWAYS AND FUTURE PROGRESS." Jurnal Javanologi 6, no. 1 (2023): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/javanologi.v6i1.71595.
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<p>Java is a rich island originating from the archipelago, a large country that has various contents in it. Inside Borobudur Temple, there are neatly engraved reliefs, which tell various events or stories about teachings for mankind. One of the reliefs depicts a sailor sailing and the presence of merchandise, one of which is spices. The history of the magnitude of the spice route and with the development of the spice trade, several positions have also emerged regarding the superior spice commodities in each region of the archipelago, including the following; Java, Maluku, Banda Island, and others. To strengthen the spice path in this modern era, various efforts were made, one of which was this research. Using literature study methods and peer discussions, data are produced, including; 1. Maritime History of Java and the Archipelago, Commodities, and Spice Routes; 2. The Influence of Javanese Civilization and the Center of the Nusantara Spice Line; 3. Form of Activities and Strengthening of Spice Pathways in Java; and 4. Javanese spices, dishes, drinks, and other spices. These forms are expected to be able to be a successful step in the revitalization of ancient spice pathways and future progress.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Java, Spice Line, revitalization, future progress</p>
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Siregar, Aisyah Astinadia. "Historical Trace of The Spice Road as an Economic Center Indonesian Trade and Cultural Heritage." Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo 17, no. 4 (2024): 667–74. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v17i4.28632.
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This research aims to explore the history of the Indonesian spice route as part of Indonesia's maritime cultural heritage and Indonesia's role in the spice trade route. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with literature studies, utilizing various sources from books, journals and articles as well as ethnography and oral interviews. The results of the research show that the trade network connecting the eastern and western hemispheres of the world is known as the spice route and its impact. towards the development of local cultural identity of Indonesian society. The spice route not only refers to the trade and shipping route for spice products, but also as a cultural heritage whose traces can still be found, such as in culinary, art, medicine, clothing, traditions and even art. At that time, merchandise such as cinnamon, pepper, cloves, nutmeg, sandalwood, rice, cotton and others were traded. This route is a symbol that connects the maritime civilization of the archipelago which is Indonesia's national pride so that it can provide a new contribution to understanding the complexity of the interaction between economic factors and cultural heritage in shaping the historical landscape of the archipelago.
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Al Fairusy MA, Muhajir. "KONTESTASI KUASA DALAM PERDAGANGAN REMPAH DI PANTAI BARAT DAN SELATAN ACEH ABAD KE 18 HINGGA 19 M." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 14, no. 1 (2024): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v14i1.1421.
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The spice route has become a national discourse in the context of strengthening the Indonesian nation's maritime cultural identity. As one of the big nations, the archipelago was once a cross-national melting pot in the context of hunting and trading spices on an international scale. After all, spices were the prima donna commodity of their time, which raised the name of the archipelago to the international trade stage. This research was conducted to find out the history of the spice route in one of the archipelago regions, especially in Aceh. After all, Islam and the spice trade have become a part of the civilization of Aceh and the Archipelago. This research is a qualitative research, with an historical and anthropological method approach, in order to understand firsthand how the description of the spice trade route in Aceh, especially the western and southern regions of Aceh. The results showed that the West and South Coasts of Aceh had become the locus of one of the archipelago's spice trading centers from the late 18th century to the end of the 19th century AD. The progress of the spice trade was marked by the emergence of ports on the west coast, including the old Singkel port, Trumon , Susoh, Kuala Batu, Meulaboh, to Bandar Rigaih. The presence of the Trumon Kingdom, which was built from the rapid trade in spices and pepper, and the weakening influence and power of the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, shows that there is a contestation of power between the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, Dutch Colonial and local powers on the West coast. Among the spice commodities on the west coast of Aceh include; pepper, cloves, nutmeg, resin, and silk. However, the presence of spices on the West coast of Aceh contributed to the emergence of power contestation between the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, the Netherlands and the kingdoms on the West coast of Aceh, especially in the context of power struggles and spice commodities.
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Siregar, Aisyah Astinadia, and Nur Afiqa Binti Mokhtar. "Spice Route Activities As a Development Strategy Sustainable Tourism." Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora 15, no. 1 (2024): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j-psh.v15i1.76725.
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All development activities in the tourism strategy will be able to be used or synergized with tourism activities. Tourism activities can be a solution to get people out of poverty. Several regions have succeeded in using tourism to develop their regions. However, the use of tourism resources must also be in line with sustainable development, including tourism based on local culture and empowerment of community groups. History also shows that in the past, Indonesian waters played an important role in the navigation of local people's ships and foreign ships in the flow of trade traffic, cultural diplomacy and the spread of religion. Through sustainable tourism development, apart from increasing its attractiveness, it is also able to support strengthening efforts to preserve the natural and cultural environment in the region or destination. The existence of the Spice Route program, with its advantages and disadvantages, has opened up opportunities for sustainable tourism through the concept of marine tourism as a tool that can provide inspiration, memory or collective awareness of the long history of the formation of national civilization. Apart from that, the Spice Route program as a national program is an effort to reconstruct trade routes for commodities, especially spices, between tribes and nations in the past, which placed Indonesia as the axis of world commerce and at the same time opened Indonesia to world civilization. One active participation in tourism is to raise the attractiveness of areas along the Spice Route as Indonesian tourist destinations based on maritime and agricultural cultural roots. This research is qualitative research with an approach used based on literature studies. From this research, it is concluded that sustainable tourism development requires a comprehensive community involvement strategy from all stages of development, from the planning stage to the implementation of development.
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Sharma, Dinesh. "The Spice Route between Africa and India." African and Asian Studies 16, no. 1-2 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341368.
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As an introduction to the special issue, this essay covers a range of topics – from Mazrui’s historic essay on Gandhi and Nehru to Rumi and Wordsworth’s universal optimism and the role of education and technology in globalization. The historic and cultural relationship between Africa and India is examined, where several important themes are discussed: 1) the emphasis on human rights and social justice; 2) building sustainable development through literacy, education, tech-transfer, and cultural exchange; 3) journeys of loss and redemption between Africa, India and the West; and 4) the historic India-Africa summits.
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Syahroni, Faez, Ulung Pribadi, and Suranto Suranto. "Implementation of The Spice Route Program in Aceh Province: Opportunities and Challenges as a World Cultural Heritage." Journal of Governance and Public Policy 10, no. 1 (2023): PRESS. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v10i1.16371.
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This study aims to see the implementation, opportunities, and challenges of the Spice Route program in Aceh Province as a world cultural heritage with several indicators, namely Bureaucratic Structure, Resources, Disposition, Communication, Program Content, and Context. A qualitative method with a case study approach and NVivo 12 Plus as a supporter of the analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of the Spice Route program in Aceh Province has not been fully running well, there are many weaknesses in terms of the bureaucratic structure and budgetary resources as well as human resources, commitments are still minimal, and do not meet standards. Furthermore, in terms of activities, it was found that there were still many activities that were ceremonial in nature and did not lead to physical activities, such as the construction of a spice botanical garden as a center for agro-tourism and agro-industry of Aceh spices. In terms of opportunities, it has excellent potential to be used as a world cultural heritage with historical evidence of its herbs and its location as a gateway to the Straits of Malacca and the Indian Ocean for international trade routes. In terms of challenges, there is no good cooperation between agencies, both vertical agencies and the Aceh government and the Aceh government and Regency / City Government.
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Putra, Benny Agusti. "SPICE PATH IN COMPASS ONLINE MEDIA CONSTRUCTION 2017-2021: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." Tsaqofah dan Tarikh: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sejarah Islam 7, no. 1 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ttjksi.v7i1.6455.
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The spice route is one of the important issues going forward by the Government of Indonesia, to make Indonesia a world maritime axis, this issue is not just a textual discourse, but the issue of the spice route is one of the visions and missions of the Joko Widodo Government in Nawacita to apply it. Historical terminology from various studies from the 7th century to pre-independence, of course, with the scope of this study, it becomes a benchmark for reviewing the issue of the spice route, not historical studies but other studies that can add to the wealth of knowledge about the spice route. Media research in a historical perspective with historical issues in Indonesia has not been widely studied, one of which is the study of the spice route. The researcher tries to see the spice route in the construction of the online media Kompas historical perspective, using the content analysis method, which consists of several stages: 1. Data collection on the spice route news in the online media Kompas from 2017-2021, 2. Source criticism. 3. Interpretation of the spice path in the online media construction of Kompas, by conducting intensive literature and documentation studies, which are descriptive in content analysis, aiming to describe or explain what online news is, it must reach the explanation stage. Indicators from the analysis content are described, such as heuristics, sources, and historical writing contained in the Kompas online media coverage themes.Jalur rempah salah satu isu penting ke depan oleh Pemerintahan Indonesia, untuk menjadikan Indonesia menjadi poros maritim dunia, isu ini tidak sekadar wacana secara tekstual, tetapi isu jalur rempah ini menjadi salah satu visi misi Pemerintahan Joko Widodo didalam Nawacita untuk meaplikasikannya. Terminologi sejarah dari berbagai kajian dari abad ke-7 sampai prakemerdekan, tentu dengan ruang lingkup kajian tersebut menjadi patokan untuk mengkaji lagi tentang isu jalur rempah tersebut, bukan kajian sejarah tetapi kajian-kajian lain bisa menambah kazanah ilmu pengetahuan tentang jalur rempah. Penelitian media dalam perspektif sejarah dengan isu-isu sejarah di Indonesia belum banyak dikaji, salah satunya kajian tentang jalur rempah. Peneliti mencoba melihat jalur rempah dalam konstruksi media online Kompas perspektif sejarah, dengan menggunakan metode conten analisis, yang terdiri beberapa tahapan: 1. Pengumpulan data berita jalur rempah di media online Kompas dari 2017-2021, 2. Kritik Sumber. 3. Interpretasi jalur rempah dalam konstruksi media online Kompas, dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi intensif, yang bersifat deskriptif conten analisis, bertujuan mendeskripsikan atau menjelaskan apa adanya berita online harus sampai ketahap eksplanasi. Indikator dari dalam konten analisis diuraikan seperti, heuristik, sumber, dan penulisan sejarah yang terkandung didalam tema-tema pemberitaan media online Kompas.
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Valeri, Modebadze. "INDIA'S GEOPOLITICAL AND GEOECONOMIC MOTIVES FOR REVIVING THE SPICE ROUTE." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. III (2025): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15479751.
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<em>The aim of this research is to describe and analyze India’s geopolitical and geoeconomic motives for reviving the historic spice route. This study focuses on a detailed examination of India’s ambitions regarding this transcontinental trade route, especially as the country’s economic potential continues to grow and its global influence expands. India is actively seeking to assert a more prominent role in international politics.</em> <em>To achieve the aforementioned objective, an interdisciplinary research method was employed to thoroughly analyze India’s geopolitical and geoeconomic interests in revitalizing the spice route. This approach is essential for understanding the complexities of India's rationale behind this initiative, as no single discipline can fully encompass the multifaceted nature of the project.</em> <em>Research has revealed that the development of the new spice route aligns with India’s broader geopolitical and geoeconomic objectives. The India-Middle East-Europe Corridor (IMEC) aims to connect India to the resource-rich Middle East and the advanced economies of Europe. This intercontinental trade route will not only facilitate trade but also serve as a conduit for the dissemination of Indian cultural products, ideas, and values. By doing so, India can project its soft power and expand its sphere of influence beyond its immediate neighborhood.</em> <em>Through this ambitious initiative, India seeks to translate its growing economic power into greater geopolitical influence, positioning itself as a key player in international affairs. The revival of the spice route represents not just a commercial opportunity, but also a strategic endeavor to enhance India’s global standing and foster stronger ties with key regions across the globe.</em>
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Ahmad Alim Wijaya, Sariyatun, and Sudiyanto. "Virtual Tour Media to Support Digital Literacy Culture in Learning The History of The Spice Route." JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) 14, no. 1 (2025): 236–45. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v14i1.87667.
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The current problem is the lack of reading materials and learning media related to the context of the spice route, both locally and nationally. Educators tend to convey spice route material briefly by inserting the material with a broader scope so students' understanding is lacking. This study aims to develop a virtual tour media for the spice route in filling the availability of interactive media to form a digital culture in history learning. This type of development research uses the ADDIE approach model involving various media and material experts. The data collection technique uses a quantitative approach with percentage analysis. The sample used in this study was class X students at SMAN. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The analysis results show that media experts give an average score of 3.7 (very good). Meanwhile, media experts gave an average score of 3.4 (very good). Then, for the acquisition of user trial scores, 2.9 (good) was used for limited group tests, 3.3 (very good) was used for medium group tests, and 3.7 (very good) was used for broad group tests. The study results show that after a series of testing processes were carried out on the virtual media of the spice route, the media is feasible and can be used in class X as an alternative tool for presenting interactive and timeless history learning.
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Abbas, Irwan, and Tri Yunianto. "THE SPICES TRADE ROUTE IN MOLLUCAS IN THE XVI AND XVII CENTURIES." International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 05, no. 05 (2022): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2022.5507.
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This study aims to describe the spice trade system concerning the colonial trading network in Mollucas. In the XVI and VII centuries, Mollucas had an essential role in inter-regional connectivity in the Archipelago. Traders came from all over the world in search of spices. Several Indonesian commodities have become essential in international trade. In the sixteenth century, many Europeans entered the Archipelago's trade network, driven by the high demand for spices. In this study, the historical method used heuristics is the initial stage of tracking sources. Furthermore, source criticism, this stage selects valid sources. The next stage of interpretation is done by linking and analyzing existing sources. The final stage is historiography to rewrite the interpretation results in the results of the study. This research concludes that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Mollucas was known as a center for clove and nutmeg production (the Spice Islands). The trading network of the past has placed spices as the primary commodity. In the context of global trade, a trade network is formed that connects the Western world as consumers and the Eastern world as commodity producers.
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Subramanian, Lakshmi. "Book Review: Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route." Indian Economic & Social History Review 50, no. 4 (2013): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464613503251.
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Bambang Widyonarko. "Shaping Southeast Asian Taste: Curry as Historical Evidences of Muslim Trade Networks in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Islamic History and Manuscript 2, no. 1 (2023): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jihm.v2i1.7714.
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Though most spices originated from and were mostly consumed nowadays in areas in the Indian Ocean, discussion about the history of spices always started with European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries. For these spiceproducing-and-consuming areas, such a Eurocentric view undermined their role in the spice route and gave them nothing but uneasy memory when remembering spice, because the majority of people there knew it only as a fortune looted by the Europeans. In these spice-producing areas, dishes similar to what modern society now identify as curry were found since the early modern period. By using historical methods and utilization of secondary sources like studies about the early modern economy and regional food history of Asia, this paper attempts to know more about the relationship between spices and people in the Indian Ocean, for I am sure that millennia aged contact between them must result from far more complex relation than just a relation between commodity and the people who cultivate and sell it. Scrutinizing curry resulted in a conclusion that spice masters of the Indian Ocean were neither spoiled cultivators nor lazy hosts. Curry was a happy memory of an era of economic boom, where people all over the Indian Ocean competitively took part in the expanding network of Muslim trade and profited greatly from the lucrative maritime spice trade.
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Ahmadin. "King, Power, and Trading Ports: West Coast of Sulawesi in the Archipelago Spice Trade Route." JISHUM Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 1, no. 1 (2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.57248/jishum.v1i1.22.
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South Sulawesi, which we find today as one of the provinces in Indonesia, is a peninsula that has an important role in the country's maritime history. On the west coast of Sulawesi, there are several kingdoms that have an important role in the archipelago's shipping and trade activities. This is due to its position on the Indonesian shipping route from west to east or vice versa. Thus, when discussing the strip and the spice trade as an important commodity of the world, then the gait of the kingdoms in this region becomes interesting to study. This paper discusses several kingdoms involved in spice trade activities, such as the Gowa Kingdom, the Tallo Kingdom, the Siang Kingdom, the Tanete Kingdom, the Suppa Kingdom, and also the Bantaeng Kingdom. Although only the Kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo are considered to be at the forefront of trade activities, but some kingdoms that have abundant produce also play a role as suppliers of various commodities that can be exchanged for spices
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Wati, Fatma. "Ende Island Portuguese Fort: Historical Overview of Portuguese Defense in Ende." Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 7, no. 2 (2023): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v7i2.3171.
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The conquest of Malacca in 1511 by the Portuguese became the gateway for Portuguese trading ships to the Maluku and Banda islands in search of spices. This shipping route continued to the islands of Timor and Flores with the same mission until finally capturing important ports in the archipelago as a stepping stone to controlling the spice trade in the archipelago. The mission of spreading religious teachings was also one of the important tasks of the colonialists, and to maintain their existence they built various forts as a defense mechanism. One of the forts that was considered part of Indonesia's spice route was the Portuguese fort on Ende Island. By using a historical approach, this research is intended to reveal historical events in the context of the establishment of a fort by the Portuguese on Ende Island and examine the position of this historical site for the people of Ende Island today. In this way, it is hoped that this historical relic from the past can continue to maintain its existence as a characteristic and proof of the struggle of the Indonesian people to win the independence of their homeland.
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Rabani, La Ode, Sarkawi B. Husain, and Johny Alfian Khusyairi. "Spices, Colonialism, and the Growth of New Economic Centers on the East Coast of East Sulawesi, 1620s—1920s." MOZAIK HUMANIORA 22, no. 2 (2022): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mozaik.v22i2.32069.
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This study focuses on the East Coast of Sulawesi, which includes parts of the mainland and the eastern coast of Sulawesi Island. The area comprises parts of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi, as well as surrounding islands such as Buton, Muna, Menui, Salabangka, and Siompu. The islands are significant in supporting economic activities along the spice route strip of the eastern coast of Sulawesi Island. The study explores the spice trade effect on the region in various aspects such as political, economic, social, cultural, and others. The research uses a historical method that focuses on relevant documents by conducting criticisms, interpretations, and analyses. The study found that spices that grow endemically and distinctly (exotic) in the archipelago (Banda Islands) have a long-lasting impact and cover various aspects. Spices had driven other nations to reach, exploit, and trade them to gain wealth and glory. For this reason, conflicts and wars have colored the history of spices that led to the practice of colonialism and hegemony. Colonial hegemony did not always have negative implications but also had essential effects on the growth of the region around the network of spice production centers as new economic centers on the East Coast of Sulawesi. The encounter between the indigenous people and other nations through the spice trade network had a significant positive impact, which Sartono Kartodirjo called positive integration.
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Suswandari, Lelly Qodariah, Melinda Rahmawati, and Nurulwahida Azid. "Maps as Collaborative Learning Media for Social Studies Learning on Imperialism and Colonialism in Indonesia." International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL) 5, no. 1 (2024): 202–22. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v5i1.326.
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This study seeks to see the usefulness of maps in social studies learning in visualizing the distribution of locations in the spice trade route. Maps can present information on the distribution of historical areas. This study aims to analyze and describe the usefulness of using maps as social studies learning media on spice trade materials in the archipelago. This study uses a qualitative method-case study of the presentation of spice trade materials in the archipelago in six Jakarta, Bogor, and Depok schools. This research confirms that using maps as a collaborative social studies learning medium is an effort to optimize the presentation of information related to the spice trade in the archipelago geographically and historically. This study concludes that maps are one of the collaborative learning media on spice trade materials in the archipelago in social studies learning.
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Yayusman, Meilinda Sari, and Prima Nurahmi Mulyasari. "Indonesia’s Spice-Based Gastrodiplomacy: Australia and Africa Continents as the Potential Markets." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 12, no. 1 (2024): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v12i1.8004.
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The history of the spice route has left a legacy in Indonesia and the rest of the world. To date, Indonesia continues to be a major global player in the spice trade. Pepper, nutmeg, cloves, mace, and cinnamon were the country’s primary exports. Food may foster cross-cultural understanding, which can enhance international cooperation and engagement. Thus, foods rich in spices can be an asset for Indonesia’s gastrodiplomacy. In collaboration with various non-state actors and coordinated by Indonesia‘s Coordinating Ministry of Maritime and Investment Affairs, the Indonesian government has developed an ambitious gastrodiplomacy strategy called ”Indonesia Spice Up the World” (ISUTW). Despite possible hurdles, Australia and Africa could be potential markets for further implementation of ISUTW. The research aims to answer the following questions: 1) To what extent has Indonesia promoted its spice-based gastrodiplomacy? and 2) What are the opportunities and challenges of Indonesia‘s spice-based gastrodiplomacy for the Australian and African markets? The research employs a mixed-method approach, including surveys to gather data about Indonesian cuisine businesses operating in Australia. This research incorporates a literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with both state and non-state actors to strengthen the study, particularly in the context of the African market. Indonesia's gastrodiplomacy strategy, centered around spices, is suggested to prioritize Australia and Africa by leveraging cultural connections and existing market presence to effectively promote Indonesian gastronomy globally.
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Ririmasse, Marlon NR. "Sebelum Jalur Rempah: Awal Interaksi Niaga Lintas Batas di Maluku dalam Perspektif Arkeologi." Kapata Arkeologi 13, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v13i1.388.
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Spice Route has become one of the main issues in the cultural historical studies of Indonesia recently. The discussion is still attached to effort to understand the existence of spice route as the part of the extensive trade system that have been initiated by the history of contact and interaction with the traveler from Western Asia; China; and the European explorers. There were almost no discussion that tried to explore the nature of the spice route prior to the contact with the Mainland Asia and the European. Including in the Maluku Archipleago. This paper discuss the formation process of the spice trade system in the prehistoric period and early historic period in Maluku from the archaeological perspective. The approach that has been adopted in this research is bibliographical studies. This paper found that the trade system and exchange in Maluku has been initiated since the prehistoric period as has been highlighted by the arcaheological studies in the region. Jalur rempah kembali menjadi salah satu isu yang mengemuka dalam diskusi sejarah budaya Nusantara setahun terakhir. Dimana wacana yang mengemuka umumnya masih mengamati keberadaan jalur rempah sebagai jejaring yang dibentuk oleh sejarah kontak dan interaksi dengan para penjelajah dari Asia Barat; Tiongkok dan terutama para pendatang Eropa. Hampir tak ada diskusi yang mencoba mengamati kemungkinan tumbuh kembang jalur niaga ini di era yang jauh lebih awal. Termasuk di Kepulauan Maluku. Makalah ini mencoba mengamati proses pembentukan jaringan niaga dan perdagangan rempah serta aneka komoditi eksotik di masa prasejarah dan awal sejarah di Kepulauan Maluku dari sudut pandang studi arkeologi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka. Hasil kajian menemukan bahwa jaringan niaga dan pertukaran di Maluku telah dibentuk semenjak masa prasejarah sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh ragam hasil penelitian arkeologi.
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Humennyi, Dmytro. "Adaptive Software Component for Predicting Energy Consumption of an Electric Vehicle on a Planned Route." Smart technologies: Industrial and Civil Engineering 2, no. 15 (2024): 66–77. https://doi.org/10.32347/st.2024.2.1205.
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This paper presents the development of an adaptive software component for forecasting the energy consumption of electric vehicles along planned routes. It includes a conceptual framework, architectural design, and modular software composition, introducing mathematical models for managing energy consumption with a model-based design approach for precise predictions and optimization. The importance of data sources such as route information, vehicle condition, and driver behavior is emphasized to create a comprehensive state vector for energy optimization. Following ISO 26262 and A-SPICE 3.1 standards, the implementation uses a model-based approach with Simulink and aligns with the V-Model for rigorous validation. The methodology details segmenting routes and optimizing energy consumption for each segment, considering driving style and environmental conditions. The gradient search method adjusts energy consumption to minimize usage while maximizing comfort and ensuring route completion. This research lays the groundwork for future advancements in predictive energy management systems for electric vehicles, with potential real-world applications. Future work will focus on refining predictive models, exploring machine learning for improved accuracy, and integrating real-time data from connected vehicle technologies for dynamic optimization.
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Kunnappilly, Anitta G. "The trade of the port of Muziris in ancient times." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 3 (2018): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418784241.
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The ancient port-town of Muziris was situated on the western coast of Kerala in present-day India. It was famed for its spice trade, notably the shipment of pepper and cinnamon, which were indigenous to the Malabar region. The significance of this port town in the ancient spice route is evident in literary sources, from Pliny (Natural History) and Strabo (Geographica) to the Sangam epic works of Chithalai Chathanar (Silapadikaram) and Illango Adigal (Manimekalei). The Muziris economy depended on the spice trade. The Sangam works describe the wars that were waged between Chera and the Pandyan kingdoms to win monopoly rights to the ancient spice routes. The Muziris-Vienna Papyrus, a second century AD parchment, speaks of the huge quantity of pepper that was traded from Muziris to Alexandria through Koptos and Berneike in a ship named Hermopollen. The parchment also describes the taxes that were imposed on these commodities, and the well-organised merchant guilds based at Muziris. This substantiates the claims of the Peutinger Tablet regarding Roman soldiers being stationed at Muziris to protect their commodities from pirates. Literary sources are therefore invaluable to an understanding of the trans-oceanic trade of Muziris, which not only conveyed goods, religion, architecture and culture to and from the port, but also underpinned the state and economy of this particular place.
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Yusup, Hasnianti S., and Amelia Murtisari. "Analisis Sebaran Potensi dan Pemasaran Rempah di Provinsi Gorontalo." JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 9, no. 4 (2024): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jia.v9i4.1304.
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Gorontalo Province is part of the spice route in Indonesia and has a wealth of hidden natural resources such as candlenut and cingkeh, which dominate, but research related to spices in Gorontalo has not been widely explored. At the same time, spice products are part of the people's livelihood in Gorontalo Province. As an effort to maintain this potential, it is necessary to conduct research to know how is the potential distribution of spices (candlenut, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and turmeric) in Gorontalo Province and how is the marketing channel of spices (candlenut, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, and turmeric) in Gorontalo Province. This research was conducted from January to May 2024. The research location was in Gorontalo and Bone Bolango districts. The qualitative research method uses a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data. In contrast, secondary data is obtained through relevant agencies such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Agriculture Office, and literature studies of scientific journals and books. The research variables include the amount of production, price, spice potential, spice location distribution points, and spice marketing channels. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The samples were ten candlenut farmers, ten cingkeh farmers, three nutmeg farmers, two cinnamon farmers, and three turmeric farmers. The result of the study is the distribution of candlenut in Biluango Village, Bone Bolango Regency, while in Gorontalo Regency is the distribution point of clove (North Dulamayo), nutmeg (South Dulamayo), cinnamon (North Dulamayo) and turmeric (South Dulamayo). There are four types of spice marketing channels in Gorontalo Province, including Type 1, from farmers directly to consumers (cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric); Type 2, from farmers to intermediary traders followed by companies or industries (cloves); Type 3, from farmers to retailers followed by consumers (candlenuts, cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric); type 4 from farmers to intermediary traders followed by retailers and final consumers (cloves, candlenuts, cinnamon).
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Ajam, M. Ridha, and Irfan Ahmad. "The Trade and Mestizo Culture Effect in Ternate." Journal of Sosial Science 3, no. 1 (2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i1.278.
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This study discusses the spice (clove) trade in Ternate in the XV-XVII centuries by Arab, Chinese, Malay, Javanese, Makassar, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English traders. The importance of clove commodities in Ternate in trading activities makes Ternate one of the international trade networks. This research uses the method of historical science and the study of multiculturalism. The research location is in Ternate City, North Maluku Province. The results showed that Ternate played an essential role in trading activities as a maritime kingdom. The spice route is not just a commodity trading route but also a commercial process that allows the exchange of values and cultures that have helped shape the identity of the Ternate community today. The impact of culture can be found in language, clothing, art, food, and settlements. In other words, the clove trade involving various nations in Ternate also brought together cultures
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TECZKE, Maciej, Talant KALIYEVA, Lyazzat SEMBIYEVA, Aida ZHAGYPAROVA, Makpal ZHOLAMANOVA, and Aigerim ZHUSSUPOVA. "Silk Roads Routes. Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 4 (2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.4(60).24.
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Since ancient times, people have traveled and exchanged goods, technology and ideas with neighboring settlements. The vast Eurasian continent has traditionally been a crossroads of trade routes, which helped create the increasingly famous Silk Road. Sea routes were created connecting East and West by water, which were mainly used for the trade in spices, which gave rise to the "spice route". Numerous road networks helped not only in the transportation of goods and luxury goods, but also in the transfer of knowledge, ideas, culture and beliefs, and had a great influence on the history and development of the Eurasian civilization, as well as the development of tourism and its various directions.
 This research paper intends to provide an analysis covering countries near and far abroad in the field of tourism and travel, tourism policy with indicators of sustainability and comparison of indicators of sustainable consumption and production patterns. Summarizing the results obtained, we concluded about the potential areas for improvement in the tourism industry and proposed a new set of recommendations for their evaluation.
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Sutandio, Anton, and Yohan Yusuf Arifin. "Cultural Representation of Chinese-Indonesians in Ca Bau Kan (The Courtesan) in the Context of Spice Trading and Nationalism." kata 24, no. 2 (2022): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/kata.24.2.70-80.
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The object of this research is Nia Dinata’s film, Ca Bau Kan, which was adapted from Remy Sylado’s novel. The research focuses on the representation of Chinese-Indonesians which pertains to the context of the maritime spice trade route and the concept of nationalism. Set in Batavia in three different decades, namely the 1930s, 1940s, and 1960s, the film depicts the journey of a Chinese-Indonesian character from the Dutch colonial era and the Japanese colonial era to the era of the independence revolution. The research method used is a qualitative method through the theory of film studies, which is juxtaposed with the historical approach to see how Chinese-Indonesians are represented in the film. The findings show that the film attempts to represent the Chinese-Indonesians accurately, albeit with the continuous presence of inaccurate stereotypes. The findings show Chinese-Indonesians’ economic contribution that reflects the history of the spice trade maritime route in Indonesia.
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Shngreiyo, A. S. "The Beginning of Dutch and English Conflict in Banda and Moluccas in the Early Seventeenth Century." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 8, no. 2 (2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v8.n2.p4.
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Why Christopher Columbus did discovered America the new world, why did Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to reach India. They went and risk their life if search of the Spice Islands. The spices that European was searching were found in Indonesia Archipelago, Bandas famous for nutmeg and mace and Moluccas for its clove. After the formation of the East India Company in the early seventeenth century both the Dutch and English were competing against each other and outmaneuver one another for control of the islands. In the end, it was the Dutch who emerge victories. The Dutch established a monopoly on the spice trade from the Moluccas. They gained control over the clove trade through an alliance with the sultan of Ternate. Dutch occupation of the Banda’s gave them control of the nutmeg trade. Dutch control of the region was fully realized when Malacca was captured from the Portuguese in 1641. The Dutch were quite merciless when it suited their purposes; sometime obliterate the whole native population. By its brutal conquest over the Spice Islands they were able to control over the spice trade. Nevertheless, the English were not left behind whenever there is opportunity they set in to take the advantage of the sour relation between the native and Dutch, as the English played a role of more mercantile communities than occupation. The beginning of the seventeenth century is very important for the two companies as it decide the fate of the spices trade. Both companies were not willing to back out.
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Wahyuda, Sya'fa Nabila Kurnia, and Wahyu Djoko Sulistyo. "Pengembangan E-Karem (E-Katalog Jalur Rempah) Berbasis Carrd Materi Jejak Jalur Rempah di Saparua Maluku untuk Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Batu." Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan 8, no. 3 (2024): 365–79. https://doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v8i3.24893.
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Media has become a strategic element in the learning process. The utilization of instructional media must be varied and keep up with technological advancements. The digitization of media in the Society 5.0 era is not merely a trend but a tactical effort to enhance participation in reading and accessing information. Considering the importance of media, this study aims to develop E-Karem, a Carrd-based learning media, and to evaluate its effectiveness and feasibility in education. The content focuses on the spice trade route in Saparua, Maluku. The development of this media follows the Research and Development (R&D) method by Sugiyono. The product validation was conducted by media and subject matter experts, followed by product trials and usage testing. The subjects of this study were 33 students of class XI-10 at SMA Negeri 1 Batu. The results of the study showed that the E-Karem media provided an enjoyable learning experience and was effective in improving students' understanding of the spice trade route in Saparua as a history learning resource.
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Jin, Siqi. "Indigenization of Mosques in Ancient China in the Context of the Maritime Spice Route." Communications in Humanities Research 8, no. 1 (2023): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/8/20230989.
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Through the analysis of the history of Quanzhou Port and the construction of Quanzhou Qingjing mosque in the context of the maritime spice road. The architectural shape of qing jing mosque, the original Arabic style of Quanzhou qing jing mosque was transformed into the integration of Minnan Dacuo style and Arabic style over a long time. the research will emphasize the evolution of the architectural form of Quanzhou qing jing mosque and its history behind it, it puts forward the argument that the maritime trade will bring new culture and architectural forms to the local people, and this architectural form will be gradually influenced by the local architecture in the long years, and thus transformed into a unique architectural form of cultural mix.
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Widyaningrum, Rahmatia Ayu, and Ghis Nggar Dwiadmojo. "Konektivitas Jawa-Bugis melalui Jalur Rempah Nusantara: Studi Komparasi Primbon Jawa dan Kutika Bugis." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 2 (2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jbs.v12i2.127981.
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This research aims to compare the text contained in the Palintangan Palindhon Pakedutan Primbon Manuscript (Add 12311) in the collection of the British Library, which is in Javanese language, with the Kutika Ugi' Sakke Rupa (PRI/15/MMK/KKT 1530) in the collection of the Mulawarman Museum, East Kalimantan, which is in Bugis language. Both manuscripts contain text containing information on the quality of the days of the month. Both texts have the characteristics of primbon, namely a Javanese literary genre that contains various knowledge. Even though the Bugis people do not know the word primbon, the closeness of the Kutika Ugi' Sakke Rupa text to the Primbon Palintangan Palindhon Pakedutan shows that there is a connection between the two cultures that has been going on for a long time. Before the term primbon was known by Javanese people, namely during the Kawi era, the cross-culture was one of the impacts of trade activities on the spice route. Through the spice route, the two cultures are connected. The similarities and differences found in the two texts reinforce that the relationship between Javanese and Bugis is not only diplomatic but can also be found through material culture. This connection also explains that the similarities between the two are a monogenesis phenomenon.
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Blecher, Joel. "Scholars, Spice Traders, and Sultans: Arguing over the Alms-Tax in the Mamluk Era." Islamic Law and Society 27, no. 1-2 (2020): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00260a08.
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Abstract Amidst the politics of the Mamluk-era spice route, why did the standard-bearers of Islamic law routinely oppose the sultanate’s imposition of an alms-tax on merchandise (zakāt al-tijāra), despite the abundance of support for such a tax within the classical tradition of Islamic law? Rather than contending – as some modern scholars have – that prominent jurists developed loopholes that circumvented the original intent of the law to protect the wealthy and the ruling class, I argue that it was precisely the jurists’ careful defense of exemptions and exclusions that allowed them to define the essence of zakāt against forms of taxation they considered unlawful. By narrowing the scope of zakāt, jurists attempted to achieve a moral aim that went beyond the ritual purification of wealth: a limit on the sultanate’s otherwise arbitrary power to tax Muslims as it wished. In doing so, they alleviated some of the tax burden for spice merchants and camel herders alike.
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Casale, Giancarlo. "Ottoman Guerre de Course and the Indian Ocean Spice Trade: The Career of Sefer Reis." Itinerario 32, no. 1 (2008): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300001704.
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The middle decades of the sixteenth century witnessed one of the most dramatic and unexpected transformations in the history of long-distance intercontinental commerce: the revival of the transit spice trade through the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, following a period of nearly fifty years during which it had been redirected almost in its entirety through the Portuguese-controlled route around the Cape of Good Hope. And yet, while modern scholars have been aware of this sea change in global commerce for generations, the reasons behind it still remain a subject of debate. Numerous explanations have been proposed, ranging from changes in the international demand for spices to corruption within the Portuguese administration. Until now, however, none has taken into account what may be the most important factor of all: the rising power of Ottoman corsairs, whose predatory raids against Portuguese targets were instrumental in subverting the Estado da India's system for controlling trade in the western Indian Ocean.
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Mehra, SoniaJane Anne. "Spice route movement: Forum for young and future family physicians / primary care physicians of South Asia." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 1, no. 1 (2012): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.94456.
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Loureiro, Rui Manuel. "As fontes do projecto de navegação de Fernão de Magalhães." Abriu estudos de textualidade do Brasil Galicia e Portugal, no. 8 (July 30, 2019): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/abriu2019.8.3.
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In 2019, five centuries will have passed since Ferdinand Magellan’s departure from Seville, in charge of a Spanish expedition that sought to claim the fabulous Spice Islands. The Portuguese defector, annoyed with the Portuguese monarch Manuel I (r.1485-1521), who had refused him the reward requested for many years of dedicated services to the Portuguese Crown, had moved to Spain two years earlier, where he offered his services to Carlos I (r.1516-1556). He presented the Spanish king with the proposal of reaching the eastern islands of Indonesia by a western route, avoiding navigation in areas that the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, had decreed to be of Portuguese influence. This involved quite simply retracing Christopher Columbus’s Indian project, but now with new bases and a more developed knowledge of the geography of the Far East. What sources could Ferdinand Magellan have used to trace his planned western route to the East?
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Xu, Guanmian. "Junks to Mare Clausum: China-Maluku Connections in the Spice Wars, 1607–1622." Itinerario 44, no. 1 (2020): 196–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511531900055x.
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AbstractMuch more globally entangled than many global historians used to think, the so-called Spice Wars were not only a story of European expansion and Southeast Asian interaction, but had an inextricable northern link leading all the way to China. From the capture of a Chinese junk serving the Spaniards in Ternate by Cornelis Matelief in 1607, to the completion of the first manuscript of the incense compendium (Xiangsheng) by Zhou Jiazhou in Jiangnan in 1618, and eventually to the proposal of the strange monopoly policy by Jan Pieterszoon Coen to the Heeren XVII (Gentlemen Seventeen) in the Dutch Republic in 1622, these seemingly irrelevant events are in fact the fragments of an untold global history of cloves which was not westward bound to the Indian Ocean, the Middle East, and Europe, but northward linked with the East Asian world via the Manila route.
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Fitriyani, E., S. R. P. Wulung, C. U. Abdullah, A. K. Yuliawati, A. N. E. Rahayu, and M. A. N. Fadilah. "Spatial Structure of Accomodation Distribution In Belitong Unesco Global Geopark." E3S Web of Conferences 600 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202460003004.
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The purpose of this study is to map the geographical distribution of lodging in Belitung, a popular tourist site that is where the spice route is being rebuilt. The amount of accommodations, which included homestays, non-star hotels, and star hotels, was examined using a variety of geographic data analysis techniques. Up till 2021, 88 lodgings were found. Additionally, according to the findings of mapping the availability of lodging, these accommodations were located in relation to region, natural conditions, and growth stages of the tourism destination, offering additional value to prepare lodging for the development of Belitong Unesco Global Geoparks.
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Gleason, Kelsey, James P. Shine, Nadia Shobnam, et al. "Contaminated Turmeric Is a Potential Source of Lead Exposure for Children in Rural Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/730636.
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Background.During the conduct of a cohort study intended to study the associations between mixed metal exposures and child health outcomes, we found that 78% of 309 children aged 20–40 months evaluated in the Munshiganj District of Bangladesh had blood lead concentrations ≥5 µg/dL and 27% had concentrations ≥10 µg/dL.Hypothesis.Environmental sources such as spices (e.g., turmeric, which has already faced recalls in Bangladesh due to high lead levels) may be a potential route of lead exposure.Methods.We conducted visits to the homes of 28 children randomly selected from among high and low blood lead concentration groups. During the visits, we administered a structured questionnaire and obtained soil, dust, rice, and spice samples. We obtained water samples from community water sources, as well as environmental samples from neighborhood businesses.Results.Lead concentrations in many turmeric samples were elevated, with lead concentrations as high as 483 ppm. Analyses showed high bioaccessibility of lead.Conclusions.Contamination of turmeric powder is a potentially important source of lead exposure in this population.
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Ariwibowo, Gregorius Andika. "KOTA KOSMOPOLITAN BANTEN PADA MASA KEJAYAAN JALUR REMPAH NUSANTARA ABAD XVI HINGGA ABAD XVII." Patanjala: Journal of Historical and Cultural Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v13i2.800.
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Abstrak Kota kosmopolitan merupakan bagian atau simpul dari jaringan-jaringan transnasional yang terbentuk dari aktivitas ekonomi dan perdagangan, dimana kemudian terciptalah berbagai interaksi dan pertukaran budaya, ide, dan beragam aktivitas manusia. Kehidupan kosmopolis yang tercipta di Banten telah memberikan warna dalam sejarah Jalur Rempah Nusantara. Toleransi dalam keberagaman dan kemajemukan yang tercipta di kota-kota pelabuhan di sepanjang garis pantai Nusantara selama masa kejayaan Jalur Rempah merupakan nilai penting dalam melihat Indonesia pada masa kini. Kajian ini secara lebih dalam akan melihat seperti apakah rupa dari keberagaman yang tercipta di Banten? serta bagaimanakah mereka dapat saling menjaga keberagaman ini sehingga mampu menjadikan Banten sebagai pelabuhan kosmopolitan yang kaya pada masa tersebut?. Banten menurut Anthony Reid merupakan salah satu contoh dari kota yang berhasil memadukan kemajemukan-kemajemukan yang hidup dan tinggal di dalamnya. Kondisi ini menurut Reid disebabkan oleh keberhasilan kota-kota tersebut dalam menarik para pedagang asing dan orang-orang kaya untuk bergantung kepada mereka. Keduanya dalam beberapa hal terintegrasi menjadi elit yang dominan dan menciptakan kemajemukan budaya yang memungkinkan terselenggaranya perdagangan. Kota pelabuhan Banten telah menjadi kota perdagangan terbuka yang disinggahi oleh berbagai pedagang dari berbagai negeri di Nusantara dan Asia. Banten dalam pandangan Emily Erikson ketika itu merupakan kota yang memang dibangun dan dikelola untuk menjadi sebuah kota dagang yang terbuka bagi berbagai bangsa. Kata Kunci: Kesultanan Banten, Perdagangan Lada, Kosmopolitan, Jalur Rempah, Keberagaman Abstract A cosmopolitan city is a part or node of transnational networks that form by economic and trade activities, which then creates various interactions and exchanges of culture, ideas, and various human activities. The cosmopolitan life in Banten has given a unique color to the history of the Nusantara Spice Route. Tolerance in diversity and plurality that was creating in port cities along the coastline in the Indonesia archipelago during the heyday of the Spice Route era is a high-and-mighty value in seeing Indonesia today. This study will see what kind of diversity that was creating in Banten?, and how they could mutually maintain this diversity to make Banten became a fortune cosmopolitan port at that time? Anthony Reid said that Banten was an example of a city that has succeeded in combining the diversity that lives and lives in it. This condition, according to Reid, was caused by the success of these cities in attracting foreign traders and fortune people to depend on them. In some ways, both are integrated into a dominant elite and create cultural pluralism that makes trade possible. The port city of Banten has become an open trading city visited by various traders from various countries in the archipelago and Asia. Banten, in Emily Erikson's view, was a city that was built and managed to become an open trading city to various nations. Keywords: Banten Sultanate, Pepper Trade, Cosmopolitan, Spice Route, Diversity
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Madalene, CY Heng. "Topical Curcumin: A Review of Mechanisms and uses in Dermatology." Topical Curcumin: A Review of Mechanisms and uses in Dermatology 3, no. 1 (2017): 010–17. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8605.000020.
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Curcumin, the active ingredient in the spice turmeric, has been used in many Eastern countries for its known anti-infl ammatory activity. Recently, analysis of multiple studies have cast doubt with regard to the effi cacy of oral curcumin in several diseases. While the effectiveness of oral curcumin is hindered by its low bioavailability and poor absorption by the oral route, this is not the case for topical curcumin. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms for its anti-infl ammatory and anti-apoptotic activity based on its inhibitory activity on the enzyme, phosphorylase kinase, and present evidence for its salutary effects on burns, wounds, surgical scars, photo-damaged skin and psoriasis.
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Albala, Ken. "The Spice Route: A History. By John Keay. (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2006. Pp.xv, 288. $40.00.)." Historian 71, no. 1 (2009): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00233_73.x.
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Muthuvel vijayan K, Prabhu K, and Rajasankar S. "Aromatic spice Nutmeg attenuates memory deficits in Rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 5441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3173.
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PD is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and dementia. Neuropathologically, selective loss or death of dopaminergic neurons is the hallmark of PD. In PD, elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation were reported. Rotenone (an isoflavone obtained from Fabaceae associated vegetation such as the jicama vine plant) induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis in cell line and animal models. It was useful in the evaluation of neuroprotective properties on cell line and animal models of PD. Drugs with anti-oxidant potential helped to control the cellular stress, free radical formation, neurotransmitter level in PD animal models. Nutmeg, an aromatic spice exhibited memory enhancing, anti-oxidant, anticonvulsant properties. It is an excellent body detoxifier and stimulator of the brain due to the presence of pharmacologically active compounds such as eugenol, isoelemicin, isoeugenol, methoxyeugenol, myristic acid, myristicin, saponins and lignin. Macelignan (a compound present in nutmeg) having the low molecular weight and hydrophobic nature could pass beyond the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we explored the cognitive profile of rotenone-induced model of PD treated with MFSE extract (MFSE) by behavioural tests (Morris water maze test, T-maze test and Elevated plus maze Test). Rotenone was injected to male Wistar albino rats by intra-peritoneal route (2.5mg/kg daily) for 30days. MFSE treated rats showed significant improvement in cognition in rotenone-induced PD model. It might be due to its neuroprotective and anti-cholinesterase properties.
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Janick, Jules. "Plant Exploration: From Queen Hatshepsut to Sir Joseph Banks." HortScience 42, no. 2 (2007): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.191.
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The worldwide exchange of fruits has been facilitated by traders, travelers, sovereigns, conquerors, diplomats, missionaries, and botanists. The beginnings of organized plant exploration date to the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt, who, as early as 2000 bce, brought back exotic trees and plants in their foreign campaigns and illustrated them on their temple walls. Queen Hatshepsut (ca. 1500 bce) sent out ships to bring back trees from the land of Punt (northeast African coast). The exchange of plants throughout antiquity was a by-product of trade routes between East and West as well as though the campaigns of conquerors including Alexander, the warriors of Islam, Genghis Khan, and the crusades. The age of exploration starting at the end of the 15th century was inspired by the search for a sea route to the spice-rich East. The encounter of Columbus with the Americas brought about an explosive exchange of New World and Old World plants. The rise of science in the 17th and 18th centuries was associated with botanical exploration involving travels and expeditions, including Hans Sloan to the West Indies, James Cunningham to China, Georg Eberhard Rumpf (Rumphius) to the Moluccas, and Sir Joseph Banks to Newfoundland, Labrador, South America Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia, the Malay Archipelago, Hebrides, and Iceland.
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Scheltens, Isabel. "Silver and Spices in the Runtinger Trade with Prague." Hungarian Historical Review 11, no. 3 (2022): 622–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2022.3.622.
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In the late medieval period, a prominent trade route led from Prague through Regensburg to Venice. Silver mined in the Bohemian hinterland was traded for luxury items from the Near East. The Regensburg merchant house of Runtinger made vast profits by buying cloth and luxuries cheaply in Venice—in particular spices from India—and selling them in exchange for comparatively large quantities of silver in Prague. This study treats their ledger, Das Runtingerbuch (1383–1407), as a case study for an analysis of the Prague economy. The Runtingers sold the same types of spices and cloth in Regensburg and in Prague during the same span of years, which makes it possible to use their records as sources with which to compare the two markets. The Runtingers are shown to have market power in the Prague spice market but no market power in the Prague cloth market or the Regensburg markets. The reasons for these market differences are theorized in reference to the socioeconomic positions of the Regensburg and Bohemian elites. Luxury items were traded for silver or silver coins, constituting a continuous drain of silver from Bohemia towards Regensburg, which led to a degree of stagnation in the local economy in Bohemia.