Journal articles: 'The Tramp'

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Glavic, Boris, Gustavo Alonso, Renée J. Miller, and Laura M. Haas. "TRAMP." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 3, no. 1-2 (2010): 1314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/1920841.1921003.

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Eady, Cornelius. "Tramp." Callaloo 19, no. 4 (1996): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.1996.0151.

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Messent, Peter. "Tramps and Tourists: Europe in Mark Twain's 'A Tramp Abroad'." Yearbook of English Studies 34 (2004): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3509490.

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Adekoya, Timothy O., Nikia Smith, Ariel J. Thomas та ін. "Host versus cell-dependent effects of β-arrestin 1 expression in prostate tumorigenesis". Carcinogenesis 42, № 5 (2021): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgab021.

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Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) constitutes a serious health challenge and remains one of the main causes of cancer-related death among men. The more aggressive form of the disease has been attributed to androgen independence, resulting in a lack of response to androgen deprivation therapy and sustained activation of other growth pathways. The scaffold proteins β-arrestin 1 and 2 (βarr1 and βarr2), which are known to mediate G protein-coupled receptor desensitization and internalization, were also shown to modulate prostate tumorigenesis. βarr1 is significantly overexpressed (&gt;4-fold) in PCa cells relative to βarr2. In this study, we investigated the effect of βarr1 overexpression in PCa development and progression using the mouse and human PCa cell xenografts, and autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) models deficient in β-arrestin depletion of βarr1 in TRAMP mice (TRAMP/βarr1−/−) increased PCa growth and decreased overall survival relative to control TRAMP or TRAMP/βarr2−/− animals. Prostate tissues from TRAMP/βarr1−/− tumors displayed an increase in androgen receptor (AR) expression, whereas overexpression of βarr1 in TRAMP-C1 (TRAMP-C1-βarr1-GFP) which derived from TRAMP decreased AR expression, cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice xenografts, relative to control TRAMP-C1-GFP. Knockdown of βarr1 expression in human MDA PCa 2b cells (MDA PCa 2b-βarr1−/−) also decreased AR expression cell proliferation and tumor growth relative to control (MDA PCa 2b-Sham) cells. Interestingly, both TRAMP-C1-βarr1-GFP and MDA PCa 2b-βarr1−/− xenografts showed a decrease in AKT phosphorylation but an increase in MAPK activation. Altogether, the data indicate that the effect of βarr1 in modulating AR signaling to regulate PCa aggressiveness is cell and host autonomous.

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Granshaw, Michelle. "Inventing the Tramp: The Early Tramp Comic on the Variety Stage." Theatre History Studies 38, no. 1 (2019): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ths.2019.0011.

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Zargartalebi, Ali, and Kourosh Heidari Shirazi. "Dynamic Modelling of Axle Tramp in a Sport Type Car." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 4 (2013): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/213965.

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One of the most significant dynamic aspects of coupled vibration of transmission system and dependent type suspension systems is axle tramp. The tramp is defined as undesirable oscillation of rigid live axle around roll axis. In spite of utilizing powerful engines in some type of sport cars, tramp occurrence causes loss of longitudinal performance. The aim of this paper is to derive a mathematical model for predicting and classifying of the tramp. A parameter study reveals that, some parameters such as engine torque, moving parts moment of inertia, car and wheels weight and the material used in suspension system play important role in controlling the tramp. It is shown that large difference between sprung and unsprung mass moment of inertia around the roll-axis, low vehicle mass, short rear track and medium damping values have significant effects on the severity of tramp.

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NISSEN, AXEL. "A Tramp at Home." Nineteenth-Century Literature 60, no. 1 (2005): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2005.60.1.57.

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Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) contains the materials for a wide-ranging analysis of the different and competing understandings of American manhood in the nineteenth century and the ways in which men might interact with each other and love each other. In order to understand better the sexual and emotional dynamics of the novel, we must understand the other kinds of writings about men alone and together that Twain was responding to. In this essay I place Twain's classic novel in two nineteenth-century discursive contexts that have been obscured in the existing criticism: the fiction of romantic friendship and the public debate on the homeless man. Huckleberry Finn may be seen as the reverse of the medal of normative, middle-class masculinity in Victorian America and as a counterpoint to the more conventional, idealized accounts of romantic friendship in the works of several of Twain's contemporaries and rivals. I suggest that while Huck and Jim negotiate an uncommon type of romantic friendship across barriers of race and generation, the duke and the dauphin appear as a grotesque parody of high-minded "brotherly love." By co-opting some of the conventions of romantic friendship fiction, Twain decreased the distance between his underclass characters and middle-class readers. Yet by writing and publishing the first novel about tramps during a period of heightened national concern about homeless men, Twain increased the topicality and popular appeal of what was, in its initial American publication in 1885, a subscription book that needed an element of sensationalism in order to sell.

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Xu, Hua, Meng-bo Hu, Pei-de Bai, et al. "Proinflammatory Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression Promoted by High-Fat Diet." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/249741.

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Background. We aimed to examine whether proinflammatory cytokines participated in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression promoted by high-fat diet (HFD).Methods. TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mice were randomly divided into two groups: normal diet group and HFD group. Mortality rate and tumor formation rate were examined. TRAMP mice were sacrificed and sampled on the 20th, 24th, and 28th week, respectively. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were tested by FlowCytomix. Prostate tissue of TRAMP mice was used for histology study.Results. A total of 13 deaths of TRAMP mice were observed, among which 3 (8.33%) were from the normal diet group and 10 (27.78%) from the HFD group. The mortality rate of TRAMP mice from HFD group was significantly higher than that of normal diet group (P=0.032). Tumor formation rate at 20th week of age of HFD group was significantly higher than that of normal diet group (P=0.045). Proinflammatory cytokines levels, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were significantly higher in HFD TRAMP mice.Conclusions. HFD could promote TRAMP mouse PCa development and progression with elevated proinflammatory cytokines levels. Proinflammatory cytokines could contribute to PCa development and progression promoted by HFD.

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Gallagher, Gary W. "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Authors March On: A Review of Some Recent Publications on the Military Side of the Civil War." Military Affairs 52, no. 2 (1988): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1988042.

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Adekoya, Timothy O., Nikia Smith, Temilade Aladeniyi, Joe B. Blumer, Xiaoxin L. Chen, and Ricardo M. Richardson. "Activator of G protein signaling 3 modulates prostate tumor development and progression." Carcinogenesis 40, no. 12 (2019): 1504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgz076.

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Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death among men, with greater prevalence of the disease among the African American population in the USA. Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3/G-protein signaling modulator 1) was shown to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinoma relative to the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the correlation between AGS3 overexpression and PCa malignancy. Immunoblotting analysis and real-time quantitative-PCR showed increase in AGS3 expression in the metastatic cell lines LNCaP (~3-fold), MDA PCa 2b (~2-fold), DU 145 (~2-fold) and TRAMP-C1 (~20-fold) but not in PC3 (~1-fold), relative to control RWPE-1. Overexpression of AGS3 in PC3, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b enhanced tumor growth. AGS3 contains seven tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs. Overexpression of the TPR or the GPR motifs in PC3 cells had no effect in tumor growth. Depletion of AGS3 in the TRAMP-C1 cells (TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/-) decreased cell proliferation and delayed wound healing and tumor growth in both C57BL/6 (~3-fold) and nude mice xenografts, relative to control TRAMP-C1 cells. TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- tumors also exhibited a marked increase (~5-fold) in both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, which correlated with a significant increase (~3-fold) in androgen receptor (AR) expression, relative to TRAMP-C1 xenografts. Interestingly, overexpression of AGS3 in TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- cells inhibited ERK activation and AR overexpression as compared with control TRAMP-C1 cells. Taken together, the data indicate that the effect of AGS3 in prostate cancer development and progression is probably mediated via a MAPK/AR-dependent pathway.

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Simic, Dragan, and Dragan Zivojinovic. "How Donald Tramp makes decisions?" Medjunarodni problemi 71, no. 3 (2019): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1903289s.

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The forty-fifth US president, unlike most of his predecessors, has no experience in political decision-making. Nevertheless, Trump?s behavior from the big business can help find patterns of his decision making. The two-and-a-half-year presidential term, however, provides convincing insights into how he makes decisions. Although he likes to make decisions and thinks he does it well, President Donald Trump actually spends very little time preparing for the most difficult decisions. In most cases, the president decides beforehand on instinct, and then actually just seeks justification and support for the decision already made. On the other hand, over-reliance on the closest circle of associates and not delving into the details and several aspects of the problem provides a too big opportunity for miscalculations and wrong decisions. In this mix of micromanagement and macromanagement, Trump?s model is most reminiscent of a competitive decision-making model, while in terms of control and involvement in the political process, his management style can be characterized by a Magistrate/Delegator combination; while when it comes to leader sensitivity to the context, we see Trump as the ?Maverick?.

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Taheri, Ahmed, James K. Wetterer, and Joaquín Reyes-López. "Tramp ants of Tangier, Morocco." Transactions of the American Entomological Society 143, no. 2 (2017): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/061.143.0207.

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Ya.Ya., Eglit, Eglit К.J., Kovtun A.A., and Glushko D.A. "Formalized scheme of tramp transportation." Operation of Maritime Transport 94, no. 1 (2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34046/aumsuomt94/7.

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Leek, Michael. "Tramp Ships: An illustrated history." Mariner's Mirror 100, no. 4 (2014): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2014.954844.

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van Haren, P. C., F. Wijnoltz, and James R. Matey. "The Tramp Data-Acquisition System." Computers in Physics 7, no. 6 (1993): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4823239.

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Musser, C. "Work, Ideology and Chaplin's Tramp." Radical History Review 1988, no. 41 (1988): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1988-41-37.

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Guo, Lei, Xiaochun Wen, Qipeng Bao, and Zhancheng Guo. "Removal of Tramp Elements within 7075 Alloy by Super-Gravity Aided Rheorefining Method." Metals 8, no. 9 (2018): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8090701.

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An investigation was made on the super-gravity aided rheorefining process of recycled 7075 aluminum alloy in order to remove tramp elements. The separation temperatures in this study were selected as 609 °C, 617 °C and 625 °C. And the gravity coefficients were set as 400 G, 700 G, 1000 G. The finely distributed impurity inclusions will aggregate to the grain boundaries of Al-enriched phase during heat treatment. In the field of super-gravity, the liquid phase composed of tramp elements Zn, Cu, Mg et al. will flow through the gaps between solid Al-enriched grains and form into filtrate. Both the weight of filtrate and removal ratio of tramp element improved with the increase of gravity coefficient. The total removal ratio of tramp element decreased with the fall of temperature due to the flowability deterioration of liquid phase. The time for effective separation of liquid/solid phases with super-gravity can be restricted within 1 min.

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Morey Kinney, Shannon R., Michael T. Moser, Marien Pascual, John M. Greally, Barbara A. Foster, and Adam R. Karpf. "Opposing Roles of Dnmt1 in Early- and Late-Stage Murine Prostate Cancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 17 (2010): 4159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00235-10.

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ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that tumor progression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model is characterized by global DNA hypomethylation initiated during early-stage disease and locus-specific DNA hypermethylation occurring predominantly in late-stage disease. Here, we utilized Dnmt1 hypomorphic alleles to examine the role of Dnmt1 in normal prostate development and in prostate cancer in TRAMP. Prostate tissue morphology and differentiation status was normal in Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice, despite global DNA hypomethylation. TRAMP; Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice also displayed global DNA hypomethylation, but were characterized by altered tumor phenotype. Specifically, TRAMP; Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice exhibited slightly increased tumor incidence and significantly increased pathological progression at early ages and, conversely, displayed slightly decreased tumor incidence and significantly decreased pathological progression at advanced ages. Remarkably, hypomorphic Dnmt1 expression abrogated local and distant site macrometastases. Thus, Dnmt1 has tumor suppressor activity in early-stage prostate cancer, and oncogenic activity in late stage prostate cancer and metastasis. Consistent with the biological phenotype, epigenomic studies revealed that TRAMP; Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice show dramatically reduced CpG island and promoter DNA hypermethylation in late-stage primary tumors compared to control mice. Taken together, the data reveal a crucial role for Dnmt1 in prostate cancer and suggest that Dnmt1-targeted interventions may have utility specifically for advanced and/or metastatic prostate cancer.

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Hill, Richard E., David M. de Avila, Kevin P. Bertrand, Norman M. Greenberg, and Jerry J. Reeves. "Immunization Against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Fusion Proteins Does Not Decrease Prostate Cancer in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate Model." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 7 (2003): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15353702-0322807-07.

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This study was undertaken to test the effect of immunization against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) fusion proteins on the development and progression of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Two LHRH fusion proteins, ovalbumin with seven LHRH peptides (OV-LHRH-7), and thioredoxin with seven LHRH peptides (TH-LHRH-7) were used in a cocktail vaccine. Two groups of male TRAMP mice were immunized with the cocktail. Primary immunizations were at either 4 or 8 weeks of age. LHRH immunized mice ( n = 19) were compared with castrated ( n = 19) and intact mice ( n = 18) for testosterone concentration, tumor weight, and lifespan. Immunization against LHRH in the TRAMP mice resulted in significant production of antibodies to LHRH compared with surgically castrated and intact control mice. Testicular weight was significantly reduced in the LHRH immunized groups compared with intact control mice. Serum testosterone was reduced ( P < 0.05) in the immunized mice compared with intact control mice and was not different from that of castrated mice ( P > 0.05). Tumor weight was variable and inconsistent throughout all treatment groups. Lifespan was not increased by immunization against LHRH or castration. Intact control mice (lived the longest (227 ± 11 days), whereas immunized mice lived 206 ± 11 days and castrated mice lived 213 ± 13 days. Tumors from immunized TRAMP mice appeared more aggressive than tumors of castrated and intact mice, as demonstrated by 35% expression of gross lung tumors in the immunized mice whereas none were observed in the castrated or intact TRAMP mice. Prostate cancer is initially dependent upon androgens for growth and development, but cells have the ability to escape androgen dependence and progress to an androgen independent state, which was evident in this study. The TRAMP mouse model immunized against LHRH may have utility in future studies and treatments of the androgen independent prostate cancer.

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Philippou, Yiannis, Hanna T. Sjoberg, Emma Murphy, et al. "Impacts of combining anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy and radiotherapy on the tumour immune microenvironment in a murine prostate cancer model." British Journal of Cancer 123, no. 7 (2020): 1089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-0956-x.

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Abstract Background Radiotherapy enhances innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity. It is unclear whether this effect may be harnessed by combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy fractions used to treat prostate cancer. We investigated tumour immune microenvironment responses of pre-clinical prostate cancer models to radiotherapy. Having defined this landscape, we tested whether radiotherapy-induced tumour growth delay could be enhanced with anti-PD-L1. Methods Hypofractionated radiotherapy was delivered to TRAMP-C1 and MyC-CaP flank allografts. Tumour growth delay, tumour immune microenvironment flow-cytometry, and immune gene expression were analysed. TRAMP-C1 allografts were then treated with 3 × 5 Gy ± anti-PD-L1. Results 3 × 5 Gy caused tumour growth delay in TRAMP-C1 and MyC-CaP. Tumour immune microenvironment changes in TRAMP-C1 at 7 days post-radiotherapy included increased tumour-associated macrophages and dendritic cells and upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1, CD8+ T-cell, dendritic cell, and regulatory T-cell genes. At tumour regrowth post-3 × 5 Gy the tumour immune microenvironment flow-cytometry was similar to control tumours, however CD8+, natural killer and dendritic cell gene transcripts were reduced. PD-L1 inhibition plus 3 × 5 Gy in TRAMP-C1 did not enhance tumour growth delay versus monotherapy. Conclusion 3 × 5 Gy hypofractionated radiotherapy can result in tumour growth delay and immune cell changes in allograft prostate cancer models. Adjuncts beyond immunomodulation may be necessary to improve the radiotherapy-induced anti-tumour response.

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Siemens, William L., and Álvaro Mutis. "La última escala del Tramp Steamer." World Literature Today 65, no. 1 (1991): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146155.

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Stålhane, Magnus, Henrik Andersson, Marielle Christiansen, and Kjetil Fagerholt. "Vendor managed inventory in tramp shipping." Omega 47 (September 2014): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2014.03.004.

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Brennan, Stephen O. "Voyages of the circulation's ‘tramp steamer’." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 21, no. 11 (1996): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(96)80158-7.

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Lefrère, J. J., and O. Garraud. "“The Tramp”, a blood donation propagandist?" Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 23, no. 1 (2016): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2015.12.005.

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Hansen, Hans Vatne, Vera Goebel, and Thomas Plagemann. "TRAMP Real-Time Application Mobility Platform." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 16, no. 11 (2017): 3236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2017.2688421.

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Conlon, Lauren E., Matthew A. Wallig, and John W. Erdman. "Pelleting Diets Impairs TRAMP Prostate Carcinogenesis." Food and Nutrition Sciences 08, no. 02 (2017): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2017.82014.

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May, Jon. "Book Review: The tramp in America." Progress in Human Geography 26, no. 5 (2002): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913250202600517.

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Gold, John R. "Book Review: The tramp in America." cultural geographies 10, no. 1 (2003): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147447400301000108.

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Ono, Hideki. "Removal of Tramp Elements from Molten Iron for Recycling Ferrous Scraps." Materials Science Forum 985 (April 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.985.74.

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The possibilities of removing impurities in molten iron by oxidation and evaporation, which are usual methods in metal refining, are firstly investigated. Of all the elements which are dissolved in molten iron, Cu, Sn Ni, Co, Mo and W are found to be difficult to be removed by such usual methods as oxidation and evaporation. The elements which are difficult to be removed in steel making when they are once dissolved into molten iron are called “tramp elements”. In recycling ferrous scraps, to begin with, it is important to keep iron from being mixed with tramp elements. But, it is necessary to develop a method to remove tramp elements, because it is impossible to avoid the contamination of these elements completely. In this work, several prospective methods to remove such tramp elements are discussed. Copper, which is one of the most important tramp elements in iron, can be removed by evaporation or by sulfurization, although it is not enough to apply them in practical use. As other methods, in this work, the possibilities to remove copper in molten iron by oxidation and by the use of calcium are proposed. It is found that copper and tin in iron can be decreased at the content of 0.2 to 0.4mass% and under 0.001mass%, respectively by oxidation. If pure calcium is equilibrated with iron directly at 1823K, the high distribution ratios, LSn(mass) (=(mass%Sn)in Ca-Pb/[mass%Sn]in Fe) = 3400 and LCu(mass) (=(mass%Cu)in Ca-Pb/[mass%Cu]in Fe) = 200 are expected.

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Nitcheu, Josianne, Francisco S. Ramirez-Jimenez, Hans J. Stauss, and Georges Vassaux. "Escherichia Coli Expressing Recombinant WT1 Protein and Listeriolysin O Stimulate Antigen-Specific T Cells Following Vaccination in C57BL/6 Mice." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4289.4289.

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Abstract The Wilm’s Tumor (WT1) gene is expressed at high levels in most types of leukemia, but also in various types of solid tumors. We tested the efficacy of recombinant Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) expressing Listeriolysin O (LLO) as an antigen delivery vector for tumor specific immunotherapy targeting WT1 gene products. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were immunised with E. Coli expressing a form of WT1 protein truncated of 70 amino acids at the N-Terminus portion, and then challenged subcutaneously with 5X106 WT1-expressing TRAMP-C tumor cells. A significant inhibitory effect on TRAMP-C tumor growth was observed in vivo in vaccinated mice, with no signs of toxicity in tissues such as liver and kidney on histopathlogic examination. Furthermore, splenocytes from immunised mice were stimulated in vitro either with peptides that have been shown to contain major histocompatibility (MHC) class I binding anchor motifs (P126: RMFPNAPYL and P330: CNKRYFKL), or with irradiated TRAMP-C tumor cells. Specific CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responses against TRAMP-C tumor cells were seen in cultures stimulated with irradiated tumor cells. However, no CTL activity was found in cultures stimulated with the relevant WT1 peptides that specifically lyse TRAMP-C tumor cells or the leukemia cell line RMA-S cells pulsed with each of the peptides. These results suggest that P126 and P330 might not be naturally processed WT1 epitopes for B6 mice and supports the possibility of other B6 CTLs epitopes. We are currently using a WT1 peptide library to screen immunised animals to look for novel peptides. Immunisation with E. Coli expressing WT1 protein but not LLO did not show any effect on TRAMP-C tumor growth in vivo. In this latter group, western blot analysis revealed WT1 specific antibodies directed against the N-terminus portion of the WT1 protein in the sera of immunised mice. Altogether the results presented here showed that E. Coli expressing WT1 could stimulated antigen-specific T cells dependant on LLO co-expression and suggest possible vaccine strategies for generating CD8+ T cell responses against tumors.

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Kassid, Fatima Ezzahra, Essaâdia Azelmad, Lahbib Bousshine, and Abdelmajid Berdai. "Force index computation for a magnetic separator based on permanent magnet." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 07013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128007013.

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Magnetic separation devices are widely used to separate tramp of iron from a specific feed of materials. Many industries rely on those devises and the variety of technological solution depend mainly on the characteristic of the tramp to be separated. In this paper, main characteristics of low intensity magnetic separation devices based on permanent magnets for dry feed are considered to evaluate force index computation.

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Bonorden, Melissa J. L., Michael E. Grossmann, Sarah A. Ewing, et al. "Growth and Progression of TRAMP Prostate Tumors in Relationship to Diet and Obesity." Prostate Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/543970.

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To clarify effects of diet and body weight on prostate cancer development, three studies were undertaken using the TRAMP mouse model of this disease. In the first experiment, obesity was induced by injection of gold thioglucose (GTG). Age of prostate tumor detection (~33 wk) and death (~43 wk) was not significantly different among the groups. In the second study, TRAMP-C2 cells were injected into syngeneic C57BL6 mice and tumor progression was evaluated in mice fed either high-fat or low-fat diets. The high fat fed mice had larger tumors than did the low-fat fed mice. In the third study, tumor development was followed in TRAMP mice fed a high fat diet from 6 weeks of age. There were no significant effects of body weight status or diet on tumor development among the groups. When the tumors were examined for the neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, there was no correlation with either body weight or diet. However, there was a significant correlation of the expression of synaptophysin with earlier age to tumor detection and death. In summary, TRAMP-C2 cells grew faster when the mice were fed a high-fat diet. Further synaptophysin may be a marker of poor prognosis independent of weight and diet.

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Liang, Peihe, Jia Guo, Shadan Li, et al. "Prevention of Prostate Tumor Development by Stimulation of Antitumor Immunity Using a Standardized Herbal Extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9707543.

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Low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) does not require immediate treatment, but PCa progression after years of active surveillance will need the treatment. This study was to test the efficacy of immunostimulant Deep Immune (DI) in controlling PCa progression. DI is an extract of eight different medicinal herbs. In vitro activity of DI was determined by phagocytosis activation using flow cytometric analysis of fluorescence-labeled latex bead uptake, expression of immune-modulating 84 genes using PCRarray, and tumor killing using coculturing with immune cells. Anti-PCa activity of DI in vivo was examined in male TRAMP mice. In vitro DI stimulated phagocytosis and expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators (C4b, CXCL3, lymphotoxin, NOS2, TLR1, TNF, and TNFSF14) in cultured macrophages and increased tumor killing of both macrophages and TRAMP mouse splenocytes. Daily intake of this herbal product significantly suppressed the tumor size (P=0.0368) with lower histopathologic scores (P=0.0364) in TRAMP mice, which were associated with an increase in both splenocyte cytotoxicity against tumor cells and numbers of CD8 T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the spleens in vivo. In conclusion, daily intake of DI prevents PCa progression in TRAMP mice, suggesting the possible effectiveness of the immunostimulant herbal products on prevention of PCa progression after diagnosis of low-risk PCa.

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Fan, Houming, Jiaqi Yu, and Xinzhe Liu. "Tramp Ship Routing and Scheduling with Speed Optimization Considering Carbon Emissions." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (2019): 6367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226367.

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The International Maritime Organization (IMO) proposed to reduce the total CO2 emissions of the maritime sector by 50% by 2050, and strive to gradually achieve the zero-carbon target. Therefore, shipping companies need to consider environmental impacts while pursuing benefits. In view of the tramp ship scheduling with speed optimization problem, considering carbon emissions, the configuration of owner ships and charter ships, and the impact of sailing speed on ship scheduling with the target of minimizing the total costs of shipping companies, multi-type tramp ship scheduling and speed optimization considering carbon emissions is established. A genetic simulated annealing algorithm based on a variable neighborhood search is proposed to solve the problem. Firstly, the ship type is matched with the cargo. Then the route is generated according to the time constraint, and finally, the neighborhood search strategy is adopted to improve the solution quality. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is verified by an example, which also confirms that ship scheduling and sailing speed joint optimization can reduce costs and carbon emissions. Research results can not only deepen the study of the theory of tramp scheduling but also to effectively solve the tramp shipping schedule considering carbon emissions problems faced by companies to provide theoretical guidance.

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Geraghty, Connor, Jennifer Thomas-Ahner, Remy Powell, et al. "Dietary Tomato Varieties Similarly Inhibit Prostate Carcinogenesis in the TRAMP Model in Association with Distinct Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa044_025.

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Abstract Objectives Lycopene intake is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer, especially lethal disease. Tangerine tomatoes contain highly bioavailable lycopene isomers, compared to red tomatoes, but impact of isomers on cancer preventive bioactivity are unknown. Our goals are: (1) to determine if feeding tomato containing diets with differing lycopene isomers inhibit transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) carcinogenesis, and (2) to determine key early metabolic and transcriptional pathways through which tomatoes act to prevent carcinogenesis. Methods We examine prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model, comparing two tomatoes with distinct lycopene isomer profiles: all-trans-lycopene-rich red tomatoes and cis-lycopene-isomer-rich tangerine tomatoes. Weanling TRAMP and wild type (WT) mice were fed AIN-93 G control, 10% tangerine tomato + AIN-93 G (w/w), or 10% red tomato + AIN-93 G (w/w) diet until 10 or 18 wks. At 10 wks., prostate RNA-seq and plasma metabolomics were performed on TRAMP and WT samples. At 18 wks., plasma carotenoid analysis and histopathology was performed on TRAMP mice. Results At 18 wks., plasma lycopene concentrations were 2.84-fold greater in tangerine tomato-fed mice than red tomato-fed mice (p &lt; 0.0001), yet both red and tangerine tomato diets similarly prevent carcinoma incidence compared to the control diet by 43% and 36% respectively (p &lt; 0.001, both vs. control). Our investigation of early carcinogenesis (10 wks.) shows that both tomato diets similarly impact the plasma metabolome, and we define prostate transcriptomic profiles mediated by TRAMP genotype, such as inflammation- and immune-regulated pathways, that are inhibited by dietary tomato. We identify an inflammatory gene panel (Olr1, Il1a, Cscl9, and Ccl22) which is inhibited by tomato diets. In a human prostate cancer database, higher expression of this gene panel is associated with a more aggressive phenotype. Conclusions Together, our results implicate red and tangerine tomatoes as potentially beneficial for the inhibition of early prostate carcinogenesis through the modulation of transcriptional programs centered on inflammation and the immune response. Our findings support efforts to test novel tomato products for the inhibition of human prostate carcinogenesis. Funding Sources AICR, NIH P30, USDA NNF.

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De Carlo, Flavia, Litty Thomas, Rounak Nande, et al. "Ultrasound targeted gene therapy in a mouse model of prostate cancer: Evaluation of immune response." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.120.

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120 Background: Gene transfer to malignant sites using human adenoviruses (hAd) has been limited because of their immunogenicity. Murine cells often lack some of the receptors needed for hAd infection; therefore, are generally non-permissive for hAd infection and replication, which limits translational studies of adenoviral gene transfer techniques. We developed a gene transfer method, which uses a combination of lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon microbubbles (MBs) and ultrasound (US) to shield and deliver hAds to a specific tissue bypassing the requirement of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Methods: Transduction efficiency and GFP protein expression of hAd.GFP was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy in murine TRAMP-C2 and human DU145 prostate cancer cells. Innate and acquired immunity response was determined by ELISA and CTL assay in C57BL/6 mice bearing TRAMP-C2 syngeneic tumor grafts following injections of MBs-Ad.GFP complexes in the presence or absence of ultrasound. Results: We observed that the murine prostate cancer cells TRAMP-C2 were transduced less efficiently by hAd.GFP than the human DU145 cells. We showed in vitro that the transduction rate was increased significantly in both TRAMP-C2 and DU145 prostate cancer cells when delivering the Ad particles by a combination of MBs and US. Moreover, we observed expression of the GFP transgene in both cell lines at 48 hours and 72 hours. Lack of activation of the innate and acquired immunity was observed in vivo by quantifying IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines, and by assaying neutralizing IgG antibodies and CTLs activity, following intratumoral or intravenous injections of MBs-Ad.GFP complexes in the presence or absence of ultrasound. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the TRAMP-C2 murine model of prostate adenocarcinoma to translate our ultrasound-mediated MB-Ad delivery system from the bench to the clinic. Our data provides evidence that the TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer graft model is a suitable system to study in immune competent animals the capacity of lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon MBs and US, to shield and deliver hAds to a site-specific tissue bypassing the requirement of specific receptors.

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Cvetićanin, Neven, and Milan Blagojević. "UNUTRAŠNJI KONFLIKTI I SPOLJNA POLITIKA SAD IZMEĐU INTERVENCIONIZMA I IZOLACIONIZMA." Srpska politička misao 65, no. 3/2019 (2019): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spm.6532019.2.

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Sjedinjene Države danas ni približno ne predstavljaju monolitno jedinstveni i homogeni blok kakvim se prosečnom i laičkom posmatraču ishitreno mogu učiniti. Takvo stanje postalo je posebno očigledno nakon pobede Donalda Trampa na 58. predsedničkim izborima koji su polarizovali američku javnost više nego bilo koji u novijoj istoriji. Međutim, ideološka razilaženja koja su se intenzivirala u poslednjih par godina ne predstavljaju novinu i daleko su složenija i starija od sukoba na liniji Tramp–Klinton. Takođe, republikansko-demokratske nesuglasice ne ograničavaju se samo na pitanja pristupa i metodologije; po svoj prilici, iza njih stoje duboko i fundamentalno suprotstavljeni pogledi na svet čije se razmere često gube iz vida. Spoljna politika SAD je, iako često skrajnuta od strane pitanja mnogo bližih prosečnom glasaču, poput migracija, oporezivanja ili zdravstvene politike, jedna od arena u kojima se pomenute ideološke pozicije sučeljavaju. Dve godine po preuzimanju funkcije, predsednik Tramp je svojim kursom izolacionističkog političkog nativizma približio Republikansku partiju njenim ideološkim korenima. No, različiti politički polovi koji obeležavaju američku unutrašnju politiku (konzervativni i liberalni) se zbog američkog transkontinentalnog uticaja projektuju na čitav svet, te će globalni odnos snaga među ovim polovima biti po svemu sudeći odlučen na američkom unutrašnjem planu, prvenstveno na izborima za predsednika SAD 2020. godine.

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Barr, Richard L., and Robert B. Gerzoff. "Readerś Forum: Controlling Urges and Infections—Computer System Design for Epidemiology." Infection Control 6, no. 8 (1985): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700063189.

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By now, most of us have seen IBM's version of Charlie Chaplin's tramp in their omnipresent advertising campaign: each commercial begins with the little tramp struggling valiantly to keep up with the complexity of modern business, only to find himself up to his neck in hats or, more recently, roller skates; of course the IBM personal computer soon arrives to save him by replacing cacophony and chaos with computational harmony and the soothing sounds of smooth skating. It is no accident that the little tramp was chosen to represent the harried everyman—Charlie Chaplin made the connection himself in his film Modern Times. There, as in the IBM campaign, he struggled valiantly but vainly to master the madness of modern mechanical times. IBM's message is clear: computers do not increase the madness, but cure it; the micro is the machine to tame the machine age.

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Nieland, Justus. "Killing Time: Charlie Chaplin and the Comic Passion of Monsieur Verdoux." Modernist Cultures 2, no. 2 (2006): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e2041102209000276.

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Justus Nieland (Michigan State University) offers a reading of the domestication and death of Chaplin's silent persona in his 1947 sound comedy, “Monsieur Verdoux”, and its consequent refashioning of comic feeling. In the film, the Tramp, modernity's most public person, is killed by satire, polished smooth and supplanted by an inhuman character - both a dandy and a serial killer of women. Nieland offers a reading of the transition between the silent, universal Tramp and noisy and particular Verdoux.

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TOI, Akito, Junichi SATO, and Takahiro KANERO. "Analysis of Tramp Element in Iron Scraps." Tetsu-to-Hagane 83, no. 12 (1997): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.83.12_850.

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Armstrong, John. "Book Review: British Tramp Shipping, 1750–1914." International Journal of Maritime History 16, no. 1 (2004): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140401600142.

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Ibrahim-Hashim, Arig, Heather H. Cornnell, Dominique Abrahams, et al. "Systemic Buffers Inhibit Carcinogenesis in TRAMP Mice." Journal of Urology 188, no. 2 (2012): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.03.113.

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Goldmark, Daniel, and Utz McKnight. "Locating America: Revisiting Disney'sLady and the Tramp." Social Identities 14, no. 1 (2008): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504630701848705.

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Salvato, Nick. "Tramp Sensibility and the Afterlife of Showgirls." Theatre Journal 58, no. 4 (2006): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.2007.0027.

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Stewart, Albert. "Guvas Coomer Solicits Furioso In Tramp Ms." Appalachian Heritage 29, no. 2 (2001): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2001.0096.

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Marsh, Joss. "The Tramp, the Jew, and the Kid." Early Popular Visual Culture 8, no. 3 (2010): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460654.2010.498169.

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Sano, Nobuo. "Thermodynamics for Removing Tramp Elements from Steels." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 30, no. 11 (1991): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.30.905.

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Goulielmos, Alexandros M., and Paraskevi Plomaritou. "A review of marketing for tramp shipping." International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics 1, no. 2 (2009): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2009.024492.

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Laulajainen, Risto. "Geography sets the tone to tramp routing." International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics 2, no. 4 (2010): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2010.035500.

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Mladenovic, Nikola. "KULTUROLOŠKI KONTRAUDAR: TRAMP, BREGZIT I AUTORITARNI POPULIZAM." Srpska politička misao 72, no. 2/2021 (2021): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spm.7222021.17.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The Tramp'

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