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1

Panao, Rogelio Alicor. "‘Does the upper house have the upper hand?’." Philippine Political Science Journal 40, no. 3 (December 27, 2019): 201–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-12340014.

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Abstract How does the Philippine Senate fare as an institutional check to the policy proposals made by the House of Representatives? The study examines a facet of bicameral policymaking by analyzing the type of measures likely to receive attention in the Philippine Senate, and the propensity by which these measures are passed into legislation. Contrary to views that portray deliberative processes in second chambers as redundant and time-consuming, the paper argues that this prerogative is institutionally functional as it affords a mechanism for checking the informational quality of legislative policies skewed by particularistic demands at the lower house. Analyzing the event histories of 10,885 bills filed and deliberated at the Philippine Senate between the 13th and the 16th Congresses, we find that policy proposals pertaining to education, health, and public works – the most frequent areas of particularistic legislative measures at the lower house – are less likely to be passed into law in the Senate even though overall they comprise the bulk of legislative proposals in the Philippine Congress. The findings are robust even when controlling for other political and institutional determinants of legislative attention.
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2

Brock, W. H. "Accommodation in the Upper House." Nature 313, no. 6003 (February 1985): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313610a0.

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3

RheeBeom Lee. "Changes in Japanese Upper House elections." Korea Journal of Japanese Studies ll, no. 45 (June 2017): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35368/kjjs.2017..45.006.

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4

Shimizu, Kay. "Abenomics After Japan's Upper House Election." Current History 112, no. 755 (September 1, 2013): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2013.112.755.210.

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Although July's electoral victory was a necessary condition for pushing Abe's economic program forward, a closer look at the election results and the prime minister's current political positioning reveals a number of challenges ahead.
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5

Köllner, Patrick. "Upper House Elections in Japan and the Power of the ‘Organized Vote’." Japanese Journal of Political Science 3, no. 1 (May 2002): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109902000166.

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Vote mobilization qua local and national organizations has played an important role in postwar Japanese elections for both Houses of Parliament. However, while there is an abundant literature on personal support organizations (kôenkai) of individual politicians in the Lower House, the role of national organizations for vote mobilization in Upper House elections has so far received only scant attention. The phenomenon of the ‘organized vote’ in postwar Upper House elections in Japan raises a number of questions. How important has it been in terms of voting behavior? What are the factors underlying organized voting? And how has the electoral clout of national organizations changed over time? This article tries to make a modest contribution to the debate on ‘organized voting’. In particular, it addresses the proposition that the ability of national interest groups to mobilize votes has declined significantly. The main empirical point of reference in this article are the 2001 Upper House elections.
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6

Levy, Gary. "Reforming the Upper House: Lessons from Britain." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 23, no. 1 (April 4, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c9kx1x.

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For nearly two decades Britain has been engagedin some of the most ambitious constitutional andparliamentary reforms since the Reform Acts ofthe nineteenth century. Reform in the House ofLords alone has produced six White Papers, oneRoyal Commission, and dozens more parliamentaryvotes and reports by the House of Commons,the House of Lords and the joint committees.Canadians have watched these developmentswith particular interest, since many of the issuesdebated - the legitimacy of an Upper House,election versus appointment, and qualifi cationsfor membership - are similar to those discussedhere. Yet before looking at possible lessons forCanada we need to refl ect upon another question:What is the Westminster Model and whatelements of this model are refl ected in our ownsystem?
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7

PEARCE, EDWARD. "An Elected Upper House and Other Fallacies." Political Quarterly 80, no. 4 (December 2009): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.2009.02054.x.

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8

K.C., Khadga. "Upper House Elections in Japan: An Observation." Journal of Political Science 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2004): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v7i1.1694.

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9

Sousa, G., and M. Alcindor. "SYMBOLIC USE OF DOMESTIC SPACE IN THE UPPER SVANETIAN (GEORGIA) VERNACULAR HOUSE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-95-2020.

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Abstract. Upper Svaneti (Georgia) is a territory in almost permanent isolation amid the Caucasus mountain range. This strategic position, along with the military nature of its settlements made its defence so effective that Svaneti served as Georgia`s safehouse, protecting its chief historical and religious relics in times of crisis. This isolation also ensured the preservation of archaic cultural traditions and ancient rituals, such as animal sacrifices, ritual shaving and blood feuds, establishing what is known as popular religion. Some of these rituals, mainly those performed by women, take place in the domestic space. This paper, developed under the scope of the 3DPast project, aims to interpret the symbolic use of space in vernacular houses of Upper Svaneti. The methodological strategy combines architectonic survey with documental analysis and brings forward an interpretation of this vernacular house from a space anthropology perspective. The traditional svanetian house (machubi), is composed of a single volume, of rough quadrangular plan. The ground floor (machub) houses, during winter, the family and the cattle, while the upper floor (darbazi) was mostly used as the family residence during warmer periods. This analysis will focus specifically on the machub, where there are traces of the symbolic use of domestic space. The machub is composed of a single space with a central fireplace. This element is the axis of segmentation of female and male spaces inside the house. The present paper will address this gender-differentiated symbolic use of the domestic space through the scope of anthropology and of the Svanetian history.
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Winne, Sopiah Bela, and Frysa Wiriantari. "ARSITEKTUR RUMAH ADAT TRADISIONAL MBATANGU DI KAMPUNG RATENGGARO." Jurnal Anala 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/anala.8.1.934.27-34.

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Traditional Sumba houses not only have meaning arising from the belief system, but also have technical solutions that are able to solve architectural problems arising from the shape of the building. The Mbatangu traditional house in Ratenggaro village, known as the tower house, is divided into 3 parts, namely the lower part (kali kambunga), the middle part or (uma dei), and the upper part (uma deta). These three parts have an integrated structural system from the foundation to the roof structure system so that this traditional house can stand in a unique shape and become part of the cultural heritage of the people of Southwest Sumba. Especially the Mbatangu traditional house on the coast, which has a roof which is much higher than other traditional houses in mountainous areas.
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Maknun, Tadjuddin, Munira Hasjim, Muslimat Muslimat, and Muhammad Hasyim. "The form of the traditional bamboo house in the Makassar culture: A cultural semiotic study." Semiotica 2020, no. 235 (November 26, 2020): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0162.

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AbstractThis study aims to explain (1) the form of a traditional house made of bamboo in Makassar culture; (2) the components of the traditional houses made of bamboo and their respective functions; and (3) socio-cultural dimensions of the shape and structure traditional house constructed of bamboo in Makassar culture. To discuss these problems, we used the Saussure’s Structural Linguistics approach (semiology) and Levi Strauss’ Structural Anthropology. Both are elaborated into cultural semiotics. The data collection methods used were field surveys (observation) accompanied by technical documentation, interviews, and records. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Results of the research indicate that the traditional house form made of bamboo in Makassar culture is generally divided into three parts, either vertically or horizontally. Vertically, the upper part is called pammakkang ‘attic’; the middle part is called kale ballak ‘house body’; and the bottom is called siring ‘underneath.’ Horizontally, the front is called paddaserang ri dallekang ‘vestibule’; the middle section is called paddaserang ri tangnga ‘living room’; the backside is called paddaserang ri boko ‘back room.’ The components of the upper, middle, and lower houses show opposition to each other. However, these components are logically related and related to one another so as to form a meaningful social and cultural construction. The shape and structure of traditional houses in Makassar culture is influenced by socioeconomic and socio-cultural factors (cosmology, belief, and social stratification).
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Farrell, David M., and Ian McAllister. "Legislative recruitment to upper houses: The Australian senate and house of representatives compared." Journal of Legislative Studies 1, no. 2 (June 1995): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572339508420427.

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13

Pickersgill, Frances. "A taste of life in the upper house." Nursing Standard 26, no. 37 (May 16, 2012): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.05.26.37.62.p8370.

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14

Lesbirel, S. Hayden. "The July 1989 upper house election in Japan." Japan Forum 2, no. 1 (April 1990): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09555809008721377.

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15

Money, Jeannette, and George Tsebelis. "Cicero's Puzzle: Upper House Power in Comparative Perspective." International Political Science Review 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251219201300103.

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16

Inoguchi, Takashi. "Japan's Upper House Election of 29 July 2001." Government and Opposition 37, no. 1 (January 2002): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00086.

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The Election For Japan'S House Of Councillors Took Place On 29 July 2001. The result was a resounding victory for the major governing party, the Liberal Democratic Party, with its majority regained after the failure in the previous election in 1998. The election was very interesting in two senses. First, the deepening difficulty of the economy did not prevent the LDP from making a comeback of sorts. Normally, the Japanese voters, like most others, reward the governing party when the economy goes well. Secondly, its newly chosen maverick President, Junichiro Koizumi, successfully adopted a rhetoric of ‘Reform with Pain’ for the ostensible reason of escaping Japan's dilemma: the impossibility of allowing many business firms and banks to go bankrupt without thereby aggravating economic problems and antagonizing the electorate; its inability to drastically reduce the large number of public corporations with large registered deficits; and its inability to drastically reduce huge accumulated deficits. He came, he saw and he won. ‘How?’ is the question that the rest of this article attempts to answer.
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17

Shaw, J. W. "ACCESS TO UPPER FLOORS AND AN EARLY LIGHT WELL AT EM II VASILIKI." Annual of the British School at Athens 112 (May 9, 2017): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824541700003x.

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Discussing Early Minoan (EM) architecture in Crete, it is difficult for one to bypass the site of Vasiliki, located on the Isthmus of Ierapetra. Vasiliki was occupied during a number of prehistoric periods. Its EM IIB houses are among the best preserved, incorporating architectural features that reveal how the inhabitants managed the transition between single- and two-storied buildings, and how they, usually, reached their upper levels, probably without the use of stairways. This paper singles out three separate houses from among the group of rooms originally called the ‘Red House’ by its discoverer, Richard Seager; it presents their sequencing, the order in which they were probably built, and how their first floors and roofs were reached. Additionally, a detailed study of House C suggests that one of the large ‘rooms’ was actually open to the sky, and had served partly as an interior court, which may well have been the predecessor of the later interior courts (or light wells) characterising the elite architectural style, typical of the later Middle and Late Minoan periods.
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18

Mudrák, József. "Felsőoktatási és tudományos intézmények képviselete a magyar Országgyűlés Felsőházában 1927-1944." Gerundium 9, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29116/gerundium/2018/4/5.

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Representation of the Higher Educational and Scientific Institutions in the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament in 1927–1944. The Upper House, what was the second chamber of the Hungarian Parliament, was functioning between 1927 and 1944 and followed the image of the Main House (House of Magnets) before 1918, but operated in a more democratic spirit and structure. Besides the aristocrats and the leaders of the church, the representatives of the higher educational and scientific institutions, and economic organizations deserved a place. The study overviews the Upper House representation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, universities in the capital and in the country, other scientific organizations, and other institutions of higher education, and there is enclosed a list of the representatives of the above mentioned institutions exactly to the day.
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19

Govella, Kristi, and Steven Vogel. "Japan in 2007: A Divided Government." Asian Survey 48, no. 1 (January 2008): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2008.48.1.97.

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The ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) suffered a stunning defeat in the July 2007 upper house elections, creating an unprecedented situation in which the LDP-led coalition lost its majority in the upper house while retaining a two-thirds majority in the lower house. In this new environment of ““divided government”” Japanese style, the LDP and the opposition jockeyed for advantage in foreign and domestic policy debates while preparing for a critical confrontation in the next lower house election.
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20

Maino, Suélen C., J. A. C. Siqueira, S. N. M. De Souza, H. Mukai, R. G. R. Da Silva, C. E. C. Nogueira, J. A. A. Dos Santos, et al. "Effect of Insulator on Thermal Comfort in Poultry House in the Western Region of the State of Paraná." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p289.

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This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating effect of different insulation considering two poultry houses. Two dark house type, located in the western region of the State of Paraná, Brazil were analyzed. The poultry house A1 is characterized with trapezoidal aluzinc cover on the upper side interspersed with a layer of polyurethane and aluminized film on the underside, while the poultry house A2 has cover of aluzinc with black tarpaulin. A thermo-hygrometer was used to measure the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor air, and a thermal imager was used to collect the surface temperature data of the birds. In this way, it was possible to evaluate the effect of different insulation of poultry houses on birds. Finally, was concluded that the poultry house A1 provided temperature and relative humidity and temperature of the birds closer to those considered as ideal in the literature.
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21

Choi, Ja Young, Dong-Wook Rha, Seon Ah Kim, and Eun Sook Park. "The Dynamic Thumb-in-Palm Pattern in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Its Effects on Upper Limb Function." Children 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010017.

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The thumb-in-palm (TIP) pattern is one of the most common upper limb deformities in cerebral palsy (CP). This study was designed to investigate the effect of the dynamic TIP pattern on upper limb function in children with spastic CP. This prospective observational study included a total of 106 children with CP with dynamic TIP. The House TIP classification while grasping small or large objects, Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL), Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE), Zancolli classification for wrist–finger flexor deformity, and degree of swan neck deformity were assessed. Type I was the most common and highest functioning House TIP classification type. However, there were no significant differences in upper arm function between types II, III, and IV. The three components of the SHUEE showed stronger association with MUUL than House TIP and Zancolli classifications. After multivariable analysis, functional use of the wrist–finger and the thumb played a more significant role than the dynamic alignment of the thumb. In conclusion, the House TIP classification is useful to describe the TIP pattern. The SHUEE thumb assessment is a useful tool for reflecting upper arm function. The upper arm function was related more with the associated wrist flexor deformity than dynamic TIP.
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22

Russell, Meg. "Upper House Reform in the United Kingdom and Australia." Australian Journal of Political Science 36, no. 1 (March 2001): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361140020032179.

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23

Fukuyama, Hajime, and Takaaki Kasai. ""Graphics display system for '89 upper house election coverage"." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 44, no. 8 (1990): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.44.1008.

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Baverstock, Alison. "Is peer review still the content industry's upper house?" Learned Publishing 29, no. 1 (January 2016): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/leap.1013.

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HIROSE, JUNKO. "The Legislative Record: The Japan National Diet in 2004." Japanese Journal of Political Science 5, no. 2 (November 2004): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109904001550.

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The general election in November 2003 and the Upper House election in July 2004 indicate that the Japanese politics is going from a one party dominant toward a two major party system. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) narrowly keeps a majority in both Houses by merging the New Conservative Party and by forming a coalition with New Komeito.
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REED, STEVEN R. "The Two-Party System Meets a House of Councillors Election." Japanese Journal of Political Science 5, no. 2 (November 2004): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109904001549.

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Elections to Japan's upper house, the House of Councillors, are ‘secondary’ elections, that is, elections that do not choose the government. Among the implications of this secondary status is that the party system is primarily determined elsewhere, by the system used in the general elections that do choose the government. From 1947 through 1993 the system used in general elections fostered a multiparty system that did not sit easily with the many single-member districts of the House of Councillors. Since 1996 general elections use a system based primarily on single-member districts, which is fostering a two-party system. As a two-party system emerges, we should expect the single-member districts of the upper house to become more and the multi-member districts to become less congruent with the party system. The 2004 House of Councillors election presented us with our first example of what two-party elections might look like in future upper house elections. The overall results do indeed indicate the advent of the two-party system with the major parties winning 96% of the seats in the district tier and 71% in the PR tier.
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Jain, Purnendra. "Japan’s 2019 upper house election: Solidifying Abe, the LDP, and return to a one-party dominant political system." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 5, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891119880267.

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Japan’s upper house, the House of Councillors, is a less powerful body than the House of Representatives, the lower house of the national Diet. Yet, electoral results of the upper house can have a significant impact on the government of the day, both for legislative purposes and for judging the credibility of the ruling party and its leader. This article analyses the July 2019 election and its likely impact on the Abe administration, and implications for Japan’s parliamentary democracy and party politics. The article argues that opposition forces are highly fragmented and weak, sustaining the LDP’s dominance in Japanese politics. Such a political landscape is welcomed by the ruling party and its leader, but continuing to entrench the hold on national governance by one dominant party is unhealthy for Japanese democracy.
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Santoso, Imam, and Darmiah Darmiah. "Hubungan Pencemaran Karbon Monoksida dalam Rumah dengan Kejadian ISPA di Desa Sungai Alat Kabupaten Banjar." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v12i1.17.

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Abstract: Relationship of Carbon Monoxide Pollution in House With The Upper Respiratory Tract infection In Desa Sungai Alat Kabupaten Banjar. The data showed 64.2 % of households in South Kalimantan residents use charcoal and firewood for cooking, so the room in a house filled with smoke. In addition to the state of the smoke could also come from outside , because the habits of the people who set fire to dry land in the dry season. This phenomenon is predicted to be potential risk of respiratory tract infections. This study aims to determine the relationship of carbon monoxide pollution in homes with the upper respiratory tract infection in Desa Sungai Alat Kabupaten Banjar. Using cross sectional study design. The number of samples taken 28 infants in total population. Analysis used logistic regression. The results of the research data showed levels of CO in the average house of 0.42 mg / m3 in the range of 0.19 to 1.62 mg / m3 . The number of infants who suffer from respiratory 42.9 %. Houses that use firewood as much as 53.6 % , and home to the unhealthy category as much as 78.6 % . Temperatures in the average home 32.6 0C , and air humidity in the average home 71.41 %. Bivariate analysis using logistic regression, there was no significant association between levels of CO with the upper respiratory tract infection in infants ; similarly no significant association between the control variables with the dependent variable. To do a home assessment form should be conducted validity assessment. In further studies the expected number of samples propagated to the toddler . Keywords: pollution , carbon monoxide , upper respiratory tract infection
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Ering, Claudio Biorhof, Caroline Betsi Diana Pakasi, and Ellen Grace Tangkere. "AKTIVITAS DARI INDUSTRI RUMAH PANGGUNG DI DESA TOMBASIAN ATAS KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN BARAT." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 15, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.15.3.2019.26010.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the activities of the stilt house industry. The sampling method in this study uses a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 15 respondents from a population of 36 owners of stilt house industries in the Upper Tombasian Village. The research results show that the activities of the stage house industry in the Upper Tombasian Village include production activities, namely the preparation of raw materials, the design process, ordering, and distribution. Production activities from the stilt house industry provide income where labor is absorbed from within the village itself, depend on number of rooms each house. Thet are 1 room (6 x 5) absorbs 3 workers, 2 rooms (7 x 9) absorb 4 workers, 3 rooms (7 x 12) absorb 5 workers. Income for owners where the owner owns a stilt house business, income for the village through tax collection for every 1 unit of house sold. Income for the surrounding community in the form of renting a vehicle for the distribution process is Rp. 600,000 - Rp. 1,200,000, depending on distance traveled.*eprm*
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Laver, Michael. "The Role and Future of the Upper House in Ireland." Journal of Legislative Studies 8, no. 3 (September 2002): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714003929.

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Bütikofer, Sarah, and Simon Hug. "The Swiss Upper House: ‘Chambre de Réflexion’ or Conservative Renegades?" Journal of Legislative Studies 16, no. 2 (June 2010): 176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572331003740099.

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Russell, Meg. "A ‘more democratic and representative’ upper house? some international comparisons." Representation 37, no. 2 (September 2000): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344890008523130.

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Sallam, S. A., A. A. Mahfouz, N. I. Dabbous, M. El Barrawy, and M. M. El Said. "Reproductive tract infections among married women in Upper Egypt." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2001): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1-2.139.

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In a house-to-house survey using cluster sampling, 1344 married women from urban and rural areas of Upper Egypt [Minia, Assiut and Sohag] were interviewed and examined to study the magnitude and determinants of reproductive tract infections. Overall prevalence was found to be 52.8%, with the most prevalent forms being Candida albicans [28.0%], Trichomonas vaginalis [8.7%], Aspergillus species [7.4%], streptococci [4.6%] and Chlamydia trachomatis [4.2%]. Multivariate analysis identified certain groups of women at high risk of developing reproductive tract infections [those currently using an intrauterine device, those who regularly practised internal vaginal washing]. Discriminant analysis showed that symptoms were of low discriminating value. There is a great need to increase community and women’s understanding of reproductive tract infections.
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Gür, Şengül Öymen, and Şengül Yalçınkaya Erol. "Similarities and Differences Between Contemporary Turkish Houses and Those Worldwide." Open House International 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2011-b0006.

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Due to discontent arising from the application of Modernism's totalitarian and homogenising logic to house design, recent research has concentrated on differences between cultures, societies and ethnic groups to the extent that today's students of architecture have difficulty finding sources which point to any universally valid values and preferences adopted by contemporary populations. In this study seventeen major design principles stemming from man-environment relationships, such as privacy, territoriality, personal space, backstage behaviour, orientation, and so on, as deduced from Turkish traditional houses, are investigated in terms of similarities among cultures. Samples of contemporary houses are selected from Turkey and elsewhere. Between local and international house designs full matches are depicted and verified by way of statistical analyses across fourteen items, such as living space subdivisions for guests and family, indirect access to the house (modulation), multi-purpose living space subdivisions (hierarchical living space), individualized bathrooms in bedrooms, independent family rooms, semi-closed spaces on the first floor, larger fenestration on upper floors as opposed to opacity of ground floors, segregated garden space, powerful demarcation of the garden space, orientation toward the house's own territory, bathrooms being situated in night time domains, differentiated status of spaces, multiple uses for stair landings (such as for hiding places for goods). Only three items showed some variance: closed balconies on upper floors were local, and semi-open spaces on ground floors were international tendencies. The practice of allowing direct access from the main entrance to a vertical circulation area was also predominantly a local choice.
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Alifuddin, Muhammad. "Potret Islam dalam Bingkai Kearifan Lokal: Studi Makna Arsitektur Kampung Naga." Al-Izzah: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/ai.v12i2.644.

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This research aims to describe the form and meaning of house in Naga in term of emic and ethic perspectives. This study focuses on the form and space of house arcithecture as well as the symbolic meaning of house for people living in Naga. The data is generated through a series of interview, participant observation and library research. The research shows that the form of Naga’s house is closely related to their belief in which the world is divided into three, i.e: upper world, middle and the lower one. In addition, that form also reflects their views on the place of men and women within the house. Though separation is required by their tradition, they also provide the neutral room in which male and female could meet together. Their houses also provide the sacred room to reflect the existencse of God within their life. To sum up, those beliefs are, to some extent, in line with the Islamic norms practiced by Muslim in their daily life. Basically, symbols in the house contain universal symbol, except for goah which is believed as Dewi Sri’s room. However, the house’s design, form, and arrangement are quite similar to Islamic architecture with some restrictions states as Islamic portrait within local wisdom framework
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Bartrem, Mitch. "The Canadian Upper House and the Need for Reform, Not Abolition." Political Science Undergraduate Review 2, no. 1 (October 15, 2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur63.

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This paper describes several issues facing Canada today. The Senate is plagued with problems regarding its effectiveness and current rules for engaging with both the public and our government. Arguments for the complete abolition of the Canadian Senate have been proposed time and time again, however, these are unnecessary. It is important to remember that our Upper House has many important and continually relevant functions; the Upper House needs reform in order to reach its maximum potential, and these options for change is the focus of this paper.
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Lu, Peng, Yan Tian, Michael Storozum, Panpan Chen, Hui Wang, Xia Wang, Junjie Xu, et al. "Shifting Patterns of House Structures during the Neolithic-Bronze Age in the Yellow River Basin: An Environmental Perspective." Land 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060574.

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The emergence of houses is a social revolution around the world. Over the past several decades, Chinese archaeologists have excavated many Neolithic to Bronze Age houses, but there is still a great amount of uncertainty about the social and environmental factors driving the differences between these house structures in the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, we summarize data from excavation reports on the shape and size of Neolithic-Bronze Age houses in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, respectively, to identify some social and environmental factors that may have affected the development of house structures across northern China. Our results show that the shape and size of the houses developed at a different pace, but in general followed a similar developmental sequence: (1) 10–8 ka BP, the bud of settlements emerged in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River; (2) 8–7 ka BP, people started to construct small pithouses without walls; (3) 7–6 ka BP, people made medium-sized pithouses with low walls, and surface buildings were made with a wood skeleton and mud walls; (4) 6–5 ka BP, ultra-large houses emerged; (5) 5–4 ka BP, house form became more varied, including pithouses, cave dwellings and surface buildings with a wood skeleton mud wall, rammed earth wall, piled mud-grass mixed walls and adobe walls; and (6) 4–3 ka BP, original palaces emerged. Our analyses indicate that the environment played an essential role in determining the house changes over time and that the early to middle Holocene’s warm and humid climate provided excellent conditions for the emergence of settlements throughout the region. Due to the shortage of trees, people chose to change their house construction methods to accommodate the growing lumber shortage. In conclusion, the rapid shift in house construction methods reflects the changing ecological condition as well as a feedback cycle between the environment and social practices driven by resource limitations.
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Tahseen, Fariha. "TRADITIONAL VALUES VERSUS MODEM CONVENIENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL COURTYARD AND CONTEMPORARY HOUSE DESIGN TRENDS IN LAHORE." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap2812020_3.

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Courtyard house, as one of oldest forms of housing tradition, is a remarkable form of residential architecture due to its attributes of naturally climate controlled spaces, spaces of peace and seclusion and as a central nucleus (a social space) around which domestic life revolves. In Lahore, visible transformation of housing trends has continued after independence (1947) with several emerging issues of growing population, rapid densification and exponentially rising land value. By 1960s and 70s, bungalow style of housing with a flavor of modernism inspired middle and upper middle income people to adopt modern life style. All these facts impelled courtyard style of housing into complete disuse. Researchers and designers are certainly aware of the need to cope with local climatic and energy crisis problems in residential architecture to enhance physical comfort of inhabitants which needs to analyze design and performance patterns of traditional courtyard houses, in comparison to modern detached houses. This research paper, through analysis of two local case studies in Lahore, explores how a courtyard house can be revived with minimal interventions to achieve climatically responsive houses that would be address adequately the climatic concerns. Findings on evolution and aspects of housing typologies (courtyard house, detached and semidetached houses), followed by comparative case studies analysis, and field investigation through questionnaire and interviews supplement research methodology for this paper.
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Polci, Barbara. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROMAN DOMUS BETWEEN LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES." Late Antique Archaeology 1, no. 1 (2003): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000005.

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This essay concerns some aspects of the transformation of the Late Roman domus into the Early Medieval house and focuses on the spaces designed for reception and entertainment. First, I will consider the use and the development of the reception areas of wealthy houses, and their relationship with the growth in private patronage in Late Antiquity. Second, I will examine the transformation of this late antique model of elite housing into the new type of upper-class dwellings that emerged in Early Medieval Italy. In particular, I will focus on the transferral of reception halls and banqueting chambers to the upper story, and on the social and architectonic implications of this feature.
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40

Sykes, Natasha. "Mental health specialist would be an asset to the upper house." Nursing Standard 26, no. 31 (April 4, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.04.26.31.33.p8007.

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41

RheeBeom Lee. "A Study on the Results of Japan's 22nd Upper House Election." Korea Journal of Japanese Studies ll, no. 32 (December 2010): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35368/kjjs.2010..32.009.

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42

Sykes, Natasha. "Mental health specialist would be an asset to the upper house." Nursing Standard 26, no. 31 (April 4, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.26.31.33.s44.

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43

Baharuddin, Faizal, Mohammad Mochsen Sir, and Abdul Mufti Radja. "KAJIAN MAKNA SISTEM STRUKTUR PADA RUMAH LAMIN." ATRIUM: Jurnal Arsitektur 5, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v5i2.85.

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Title: Meaning Studies of Structural System in Lamin Houses This article aims to reveal the structural system and meaning of the Lamin house structure, a form of local wisdom of traditional architecture. The object of study is the Lamin house in Pampang Village, Samarinda City. The house still refers to traditional architectural principles such as human symbols or analogies such as the head, body, and legs. The research method is descriptive qualitative and based on an interpretive approach using interview techniques to the structural system that contains meaning. The results of the research are the Lamin house structure system consisting of a lower structure (sukaq), an upper structure (sulo), and a roof structure (sapau). The meaning contained in each of these structural elements illustrates that in the sukaq structure there is the power of natural and environmental support for humans, the sulo structure demonstrates the creation of a close kinship between humans, and the construction of sapau gives meaning to the existence of human relations with the supernatural. Local wisdom contained in traditional architecture is expected to be able to contribute to the enrichment of the world architectural knowledge.
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Adams, Annmarie. "Eden Smith and the Canadian Domestic Revival." Articles 21, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016794ar.

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The designer of more than 2500 detached houses in late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Toronto, Eden Smith has been hailed as the author of a distinctly Canadian style of domestic architecture. Yet his self-promotion and the reception of his work in both the professional and popular presses of the time emphasize the Englishness of his houses. This paper considers the domestic architecture of Eden Smith as an index of attitudes held by Toronto's upper middle class toward Britain in the early twentieth century. What did the image of an "English house" represent in Edwardian Toronto? Why were these particular qualities attractive to Toronto's landed gentry? Eden Smith's architecture was both distinct and derivative. The language of the elevations was unmistakably British, while the plan of his houses was something completely new. Smith's popularity and his influence on subsequent generations of Canadian house-architects speak eloquently of the willingness of Toronto's middle class to try new things, but only clothed in the auspices of a British past.
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45

Chambers, Paul. "Superfluous, Mischievous or Emancipating? Thailand's Evolving Senate Today." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 28, no. 3 (September 2009): 3–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810340902800301.

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In Thailand's emerging democracy, the Senate has played an often underestimated role. This study analyzes Thailand's Upper House, examining its historical evolution until 2009. In particular, it focuses on the following questions. What innovations did the 1997 Constitution bring to the Senate? How and why was the Senate adjusted under the 2007 constitution? The study further reviews the Senate elections of 2000 and 2006 as well as the election/ selection of 2008. Finally, it postulates as to the continued significance of an Upper House in Thailand and offers recommendations for the future course of Thailand's developing Senate.
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Meyer, Allison Machlis. "Bringing Down the Bard’s House." Pedagogy 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15314200-8544603.

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This article examines student experiences of studying Shakespeare’s first tetralogy through viewing and writing about Seattle Shakespeare Company’s 2017 Bring Down the House, a successful two-part adaptation of Henry VI parts 1, 2, and 3 directed by Rosa Joshi and the upstart crow collective, a Seattle theater company dedicated to producing classical works with diverse all-female and nonbinary casts for contemporary audiences. Through reflection on students’ responses to the adaptation’s all-female cast, as well as the analytical work they produced for an upper-level course titled Shakespeare: Context and Theory, this article articulates the pedagogical value of students’ experiences of representation in live theater performances of Shakespeare. The author argues for both the ethical imperative of introducing students to radical, inclusively cast productions and the enlivened learning that emerges in the literature classroom from students’ creative and analytical engagements with the diverse voices of modern all-female and cross-gender cast Shakespearean performance.
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윤희일. "The 2016 Upper House Election and the Future of the ’Peace Constitution’." 일본공간 ll, no. 19 (June 2016): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35506/jspace.2016..19.008.

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Miwa, Takaki, Sayaka Yagi, Toshiaki Tsukatani, and Mitsuru Furukawa. "Association between Sensitivity in the Upper Respiratory Airway and Sick House Syndrome." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 56, no. 2 (2005): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.56.113.

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49

Treggiari, Susan. "The upper-class house as symbol and focus of emotion in Cicero." Journal of Roman Archaeology 12 (1999): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400017918.

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50

Fujimura, Naofumi. "Effect of Malapportionment on Voter Turnout: Evidence from Japan's Upper House Elections." Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/elj.2019.0617.

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