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Garbuzova, E. A. "Biographical sketch and scientific work." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41256.
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The Golgi apparatus plays a key role in the intracellular sorting, trafficking and targeting of proteins. This organelle makes Golgi the most frequently cited scientist in cell and molecular biology.
Golgi left a heritage of passionate studies that exerted a profound influence on biomedical research in the 20th century.
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Bivalkevich, Elizaveta. "The value of scientific research in accounting." Thesis, ГО "Європейська наукова платформа", 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18955.
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The main task of research in the field of accounting is primarily to identify and address the problems of theory, methodology, and organization of accounting, economic analysis, and control, in order to ensure the achievement of society's goals taking into account the interests of business entities and patterns of the historical development of the accounting profession.
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Wallace, Michael. "Undergraduate honors students' images of science : nature of scientific work and scientific knowledge /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060156.
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Munro, Eileen Margaret. "The role of scientific methods in social work." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1166/.
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The thesis discusses the widely held view in social work that practice should be based on intuitive and empathic understanding and that standard scientific procedures are inapplicable. I argue that this anti-science attitude is misguided and that social workers can and should use scientific methods to test theories and develop more effective ways of helping. There are practical and philosophical reasons for reexamining this dismissal of science. Social workers' statutory powers and duties have increased rapidly but there is also growing concern about their professional competence. Moreover developments in the philosophy of science challenge social workers' assumptions about science. The first two chapters discuss the importance of overcoming the hostility to science, examining social workers' duties, training, and practice methods. The first objection to science examined is the claim that science studies only observable behaviour not mental phenomena. I argue that this is based on a false idea of science and suggest instead that there is great similarity in the way scientists and social workers theorise. The next chapter discusses the claim that the scientific search for causal explanations conflicts with a belief in free will; I argue that in fact there is no conflict. The following chapter questions the reliability and scope of fieldworkers' intuitive and empathic judgements and sets out some reasons why they should be supplemented with scientific methods of testing. What counts as empirical evidence and how theories are appraised are the topics of the next two chapters. I argue that the traditional social work view of empiricism is unduly narrow and has hampered social work research. I also address the comparatively new objection to science in social work, namely the relativists' claim that science is not empirical and therefore should not be held up as a model to social workers. The final chapter considers how scientific methods can be incorporated into practice.
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Pitts, Anton D. "Wildlife viewing and ecotourism : ethical, scientific, and value-based considerations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24649.
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Management of wildlife viewing tourism, possibly as a legacy of management of hunting and trapping activities, tends to see its ultimate goal largely in terms of the sustainable human use of wildlife resources. However, where the potential impacts of human activities are non-lethal, the focus on population dynamics may not adequately address relevant societal and ethical concerns. Additional concerns include protecting tourist safety, maintaining a pristine wilderness experience, habituation (either positive, allowing for easier viewing, or negative, reducing animals’ “wildness'”), stressing animals, and showing disrespect or a lack of courtesy.
Formal theories of animal and environmental ethics, while frequently conflicting and under-determinate in terms of specific prescriptions, provide a coherent basis and language for the discussion of each of these different concerns.
The values extant in society, as reflected in lay writing about wildlife tourism, show that there is societal support for a variety of goals that wildlife tourism management should address. These include population-level and individual-level consequences as well as non-consequentialist goals such as fostering respect for wildlife or avoiding a “trophy photograph” mentality.
Scientists attempting to assess the impacts of wildlife tourism use a variety of measures related to both individual and population responses. Especially when using individual-animal measures (behaviour, stress responses), scientists are rarely explicit about why these measures are important, relying instead on an implicit and uncertain link to population-level impacts. These measures, however, may be linked more directly to equally valid (from a management perspective) individual-level concerns.
Given the variety of goals that are ethically justified and societally supported, it is inappropriate to conceptualise management as a mere scientific problem. Instead, I use a decision-analysis framework to synthesize relevant contributions from the scientific, ethical, and social-values literatures, identify their respective contributions to the decision-making process, and conclude that while good indicators exist for most of the objectives identified, thresholds at which changes in the indicators call for management action remain to be established.
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Zou, Guangyu Yilmaz Levent. "Collective creativity in scientific communities." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1747.
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Friis, Anders. "An examination of the relationship between work value similarity, work value fulfilment, leader-member exchange quality and work outcomes." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/25549/.
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As existing research on leader-follower value similarity and leader-member exchange (LMX) has shown varying results, this thesis has set out to explore whether the relationship between work values, LMX and work outcomes could be examined using another approach. Building on person-environment fit and discrepancy theories of job satisfaction research, this thesis proposes that similarity between the leader’s and the follower’s work values (work value similarity) and the leader’s fulfilment of the follower’s work values (work value fulfilment) are positively related to LMX and work outcomes (follower’s satisfaction with the leader, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, task performance and organisational citizenship behaviour). Related to this, it is proposed that LMX plays a mediating role on the relationship between work value similarity and work outcomes, just as LMX is proposed to play a mediating role on the relationship between work value fulfilment and work outcomes. Furthermore, it is proposed that work value fulfilment compared to work value similarity is more strongly related to LMX. To test the hypothesised relationships, two studies were conducted at a consumer products manufacturer in the UK and Denmark. The first study is cross-sectional and consists of 167 followers from the UK. The second study is longitudinal and data for this study were collected in two waves with a five-month interval from followers and leaders in Denmark. At time 1, the longitudinal study had a sample of 468 followers, of which 206 were rated by their immediate manager. At time 2 the study had a sample of 316 followers, of which 140 were rated by their immediate manager. Work value similarity and work value fulfilment were measured using direct and indirect measures of congruence, and the thesis uses structural equation modelling, relative weight analysis, and polynomial regression analysis. Across the studies, the thesis has generally found support for the hypothesised relationships. Findings of the thesis show that work value similarity and work value fulfilment are positively related to LMX and work outcomes, and that LMX plays a mediating role on the relationship between work value similarity and work outcomes, just as LMX plays a mediating role on the relationship between work value fulfilment and work outcomes. Furthermore, findings show that work value fulfilment compared to work value similarity is more strongly related to LMX. Generally, the results have been found by using crosssectional and longitudinal data, single-source and multi-source data, direct and indirect measures of congruence, and by using different advanced approaches for studying congruence. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.
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Velykozhon, V. A. "Project work in the activity of the student's scientific society." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13042.
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Koh, Chee Wee. "Work-Value Profile and Career Success." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6281.
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Work values, defined as the end states people desire and expect to realize through work, appear to play a role in career success, but the small number of past studies have reported conflicting results, some of which may be attributed to research methodology. Using a person-centered approach to model the conjoint effects of intrinsic and extrinsic work values, the present study inductively investigated the association between work-value profile and career success using a three-panel longitudinal dataset consisting of 905 lawyers from the After the Juris Doctorate (AJD) study. Latent profile analysis identified five work-value profiles: (i) Neither Intrinsic nor Extrinsic (NIE); (ii) Moderately Intrinsic and Extrinsic (MIE); (iii) Highly Intrinsic (HI); (iv) Highly Intrinsic, also Extrinsic (HI[E]); and (v) Highly Extrinsic, also Intrinsic (HE[I]). Measurement invariance was established across gender, but gender was an antecedent to profile assignment, with males being more likely to belong to the NIE, MIE, or HE[I] profiles compared to the HI profile. The work-value profile construct displayed intuitive and meaningful relationships with objective and subjective career success indicators over time. The results exposed the inadequacies of methods that examine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic work values separately. The two sets of values appeared to interact in a non-linear fashion in their associations with career variables, such that modelling them simultaneously, but only linearly, might also be misleading. Contrary to claims made by studies based on the self-determination theory, the HI profile was not positively associated with subjective career success. Generally, the more successful lawyers from early to mid-career also tended to report high intrinsic and high extrinsic work values i.e., those with the HI[E] and HE[I] profiles; the former enjoyed higher subjective career success while the latter exhibited the highest objective career success. The absence of the highly extrinsic profile among this sample of lawyers reinforced past calls to restructure the transactional rewards systems in large law firms.
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Jones, Richard Huw. "Taylorism and the scientific organisation of work in Russia 1910-1925." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254308.
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Duggan, Sandra. "Pupils' understanding of scientific evidence in the context of investigative work." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4596/.
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The research reported in this study is based on a detailed observation study of pupils carrying out investigative work in primary and secondary schools. The thesis examines the question of the type and level of understanding of scientific evidence which is employed in a number of different types of tasks associated with two underlying substantive concepts. The results suggest that the characteristics of each task make different demands on pupils of different ages and show that some pupils, in both primary and secondary schools, are capable of applying and synthesising ideas about evidence effectively in a problem-solving situation. Most pupils, however, even in Year 9, show a weak understanding of the application of many of these ideas, such as repeatability, range and interval or the most appropriate type of graph. It is argued that if pupils are to understand scientific evidence, then these ideas need to be taught and their synthesis in investigative work regularly reinforced. The procedural understanding demonstrated by pupils in practical investigations is compared with the understanding revealed orally in an interview situation and in written tasks. While some pupils appear to use tacit understanding in practical tasks which cannot be accessed readily in other ways, the results also show that most pupils who can express ideas about evidence explicitly are more likely to apply and synthesise them in a problem-solving situation. It is likely that if ideas about evidence were taught explicitly, then the ability of pupils to apply and synthesise them in a problem-solving situation would improve. It is also argued that, because problem-solving skills are required by employers in science-based industry and because understanding evidence is important in everyday life, then these ideas need to be formally taught and assessed within science education.
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AbuRa'ed, Ahmed Ghassan Tawfiq. "Automatic generation of descriptive related work reports." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669975.
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A related work report is a section in a research paper which integrates key information from a list of related scientific papers providing context to the work being presented. Related work reports can either be descriptive or integrative. Integrative related work reports provide a high-level overview and critique of the scientific papers by comparing them with each other, providing fewer details of individual studies. Descriptive related work reports, instead, provide more in-depth information about each mentioned study providing information such as methods and results of the cited works.
In order to write a related work report, scientist have to identify, condense/summarize, and combine relevant information from different scientific papers. However, such task is complicated due to the available volume of scientific papers. In this context, the automatic generation of related work reports appears to be an important problem to tackle. The automatic generation of related work reports can be considered as an instance of the multi-document summarization problem where, given a list of scientific papers, the main objective is to automatically summarize those scientific papers and generate related work reports.
In order to study the problem of related work generation, we have developed a manually annotated, machine readable data-set of related work sections, cited papers (e.g. references) and sentences, together with an additional layer of papers citing the references. We have also investigated the relation between a citation context in a citing paper and the scientific paper it is citing so as to properly model cross-document relations and inform our summarization approach. Moreover, we have also investigated the identification of explicit and implicit citations to a given scientific paper which is an important task in several scientific text mining activities such as citation purpose identification, scientific opinion mining, and scientific summarization.
We present both extractive and abstractive methods to summarize a list of scientific papers by utilizing their citation network. The extractive approach follows three stages: scoring the sentences of the scientific papers based on their citation network, selecting sentences from each scientific paper to be mentioned in the related work report, and generating an organized related work report by grouping the sentences of the scientific papers that belong to the same topic together. On the other hand, the abstractive approach attempts to generate citation sentences to be included in a related work report, taking advantage of current sequence-to-sequence neural architectures and resources that we have created specifically for this task.
The thesis also presents and discusses automatic and manual evaluation of the generated related work reports showing the viability of the proposed approaches.<br>La sección de trabajos relacionados de un artículo científico resume e integra información clave de una lista de documentos científicos relacionados con el trabajo que se presenta. Para redactar esta sección del artículo científico el autor debe identificar, condensar/resumir y combinar información relevante de diferentes artículos. Esta tarea es complicada debido al gran volumen disponible de artículos científicos. En este contexto, la generación automática de tales secciones es un problema importante a abordar. La generación automática de secciones de trabajo relacionados puede ser considerada como una instancia del problema de resumen de documentos múltiples donde, dada una lista de documentos científicos, el objetivo es resumir automáticamente esos documentos científicos y generar la sección de trabajos relacionados.
Para estudiar este problema, hemos creado un corpus de secciones de trabajos relacionados anotado manualmente y procesado automáticamente. Asimismo, hemos investigado la relación entre las citaciones y el artículo científico que se cita para modelar adecuadamente las relaciones entre documentos y, así, informar nuestro método de resumen automático. Además, hemos investigado la identificación de citaciones implícitas a un artículo científico dado que es una tarea importante en varias actividades de minería de textos científicos.
Presentamos métodos extractivos y abstractivos para resumir una lista de artículos científicos utilizando su red de citaciones. El enfoque extractivo sigue tres etapas: cálculo de la relevancia las oraciones de cada artículo en función de la red de citaciones, selección de oraciones de cada artículo científico para integrarlas en el resumen y generación de la sección de trabajos relacionados agrupando las oraciones por tema. Por otro lado, el enfoque abstractivo intenta generar citaciones para incluirlas en un resumen utilizando redes neuronales y recursos que hemos creado específicamente para esta tarea.
La tesis también presenta y discute la evaluación automática y manual de los resúmenes generados automáticamente, demostrando la viabilidad de los enfoques propuestos.<br>Una secció d’antecedents o estat de l’art d’un articulo científic resumeix la informació clau d'una llista de documents científics relacionats amb el treball que es presenta. Per a redactar aquesta secció de l’article científic l’autor ha d’identificar, condensar / resumir i combinar informació rellevant de diferents articles. Aquesta activitat és complicada per causa del gran volum disponible d’articles científics. En aquest context, la generació automàtica d’aquestes seccions és un problema important a abordar. La generació automàtica d’antecedents o d’estat de l’art pot considerar-se com una instància del problema de resum de documents.
Per estudiar aquest problema, es va crear un corpus de seccions d’estat de l’art d’articles científics manualment anotat i processat automàticament. Així mateix, es va investigar la relació entre citacions i l’article científic que es cita per modelar adequadament les relacions entre documents i, així, informar el nostre mètode de resum automàtic. A més, es va investigar la identificació de citacions implícites a un article científic que és un problema important en diverses activitats de mineria de textos científics.
Presentem mètodes extractius i abstractius per resumir una llista d'articles científics utilitzant el conjunt de citacions de cada article. L’enfoc extractiu segueix tres etapes: càlcul de la rellevància de les oracions de cada article en funció de les seves citacions, selecció d’oracions de cada article científic per a integrar-les en el resum i generació de la secció de treballs relacionats agrupant les oracions per tema. Per un altre costat, l’enfoc abstractiu implementa la generació de citacions per a incloure-les en un resum que utilitza xarxes neuronals i recursos que hem creat específicament per a aquest tasca.
La tesi també presenta i discuteix l'avaluació automàtica i el manual dels resums generats automàticament, demostrant la viabilitat dels mètodes proposats.
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Inks, Lawrence W. "An interactionist perspective on work value change /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148777621079325.
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Kern, Matthew. "Reflections on the Manifest and Scientific Images." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1620235630790957.
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Sharma, Garima. "Corporate Social Initiatives: Signification Work for Value Creation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1370521564.
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Wylie, Caitlin Donahue. "Invisible technicians : a sociology of scientific work, workers, and specimens in paleontology laboratories." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608049.
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Goldman, Andrew Jacob. "The cognition of musical improvisation : the value and experimental implementation of a new scientific approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709207.
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Chi, Jinhao. "What Do Work Value Differentiation and Profile Elevation Predict?" Thesis, The University of Southern Mississippi, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10638184.
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<p> Using a sample of 251 college students, it was found that 1) when differentiation (D) of work values was calculated using three indices, high-low D, Iachan D, and variance D, only Iachan D positively related to indecision but high-low D and variance D did not, 2) none of the three indices of D related to career maturity, 3) work values profile elevation (PE) positively related to extraversion, openness, and negatively related to depressive symptoms and career indecision but was unrelated to career certainty and neuroticism and 4) work values PE moderated the relationship between Iachan D and career indecision. The findings from this study benefit both vocational counselors and clients by improving the utility of individuals’ work values results so that they can provide additional information to understand a person’s work values profile.</p><p>
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Thombs, Daniel. "Determining the Value of Handwritten Comments within Work Orders." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/324.
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In the workplace many work orders are handwritten on paper rather than recorded in a digital format. Despite being archived, these documents are neither referenced nor analyzed after their creation. Tacit knowledge gathered though employee documentation is generally considered beneficial, but only if it can be easily gathered and processed.
This study attempted to determine if value exists within these handwritten documents; in this case from a public work organization possessing work orders. As employees make notes in the field, they generate work orders containing free-form handwritten comments. These work orders are brought back and, after their initial review, are no longer used.
To assess these work orders, the researcher created a model that allows an expert panel to systematically assess the value of the handwritten comments. This model followed a recursive procedure in order to form a general consensus. From this consensus, the results were compared to the experts' suggestions of value within an acceptable significance range. The model was also analyzed for repeatability both in a single instance as well as across multiple implementations. Once the prototype system had been tested, a secondary implementation of the instrument was used to further validate the model.
Through a quantitative test and a qualitative survey, the researcher was able to determine that the work order assessment process was valid for this study. The consensus ratings were found to have statistically significant similarities, and this was further strengthened by the feedback from the expert panel. While there was some concern over the cost effectiveness of the survey, the expert panel agreed that the process was generalizable for other topics and repeatable for future implementations.
A quantitative test based on metrics defined by the expert panel revealed that the overall value of the repositories was less than the minimum threshold. Despite a lack of positive results for overall value, the researcher proposed future work and discussed potential areas of study that may still be applicable to the domain of handwritten comments.
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Greenberg, M. "Futurism and science : refractions of scientific knowledge in the work of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599667.
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The thesis aims to analyse the relationship that F. T. Marinetti established between innovations in science at the fin-de-siècle and his Futurist movement. Chapter 1 examines the introduction and repercussions of Comtian Positivism in Italy. Chapter 2 provides a history of the relationship between science and literature in order to argue that Marinetti’s project was in certain respects related to the genre of ‘proto-science-fiction’. Following the more general theoretical and literary historical background of the first two chapters, Marinetti’s early French work as a Symbolist is read in Chapter 3 through representations of the neurological condition of synaesthesia in his and others poetry. The experience of simultaneity is investigated in Chapter 4 as a consequence of innovations in the study of electricity and in particular to the impact of the widespread use of Guglielmo Marconi’s wireless telegraph. In Chapter 5 Marinetti’s machine idolatry is contextualised as part of the late nineteenth century popular understanding of the first two laws of thermodynamics, the conservation of energy and entropy, which revolutionise the interpretation of the lifecycle. Finally, in Chapter 6, the discussion of thermodynamics in Marinetti’s Futurism is extended to an analysis of its links to debates on evolution and degeneration, and more specifically to the impact of a national ‘hygienic’ agenda for the purification of society.
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Basson, Devon. "Equal pay for equal work and work of equal value : bridging the gender pay gab." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73163.
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Bridging the gender wage gap-South African history on women and the disadvantages suffered-South African legislation governing discrimination-international instruments governing equal pay between genders-international instruments on how to bridge the gender wage gap-consider international instruments in South Africa to bridge the gender wage gap<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Ode, Egena. "Making co-creation work in mobile financial services innovation : what capabilities are needed and what practices work best in developing countries?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/making-cocreation-work-in-mobile-financial-services-innovation-what-capabilities-are-needed-and-what-practices-work-best-in-developing-countries(0ad4071d-e58a-41f0-b1e2-50109f47aa46).html.
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This thesis addresses existing shortcomings in the co-creation literature by proposing organisational capabilities that support co-creation in financial service firms. A developing country perspective is taken and the context is Nigeria, a West African Country. In this thesis, the Resource-based view and Knowledge-based view are integrated with the Dynamic Capability perspective to identify capabilities required to manage the dyadic interactions during co-creation. First, a conceptual model is developed through an in-depth literature review, before testing, refining and validating the model through a mixed-method research approach, involving both qualitative and quantitative research steps. The conceptual model identified a set of capabilities - namely the firm's innovation, knowledge management and relational capability and their effect on co-creation practice. The aim of the qualitative research step was to improve the conceptual model through exploratory research. This step involved in-depth interviews (n=9) with key informants and a focus group discussion with users (n=7). In the quantitative step, empirical data was collected via a questionnaire (n=261) using a drop-off-pick-up (DOPU) technique. The data is analysed using structural path analysis, hypotheses testing and model re-specification. The results of the qualitative phase indicate that co-creation in financial services is dependent on regulation, user need and the structure of financial services in Nigeria. The results also confirm the influence of innovation, knowledge management and relational capabilities on co-creation practice. Nevertheless, qualitative findings also show that knowledge management capability emerged as a vital capability upon which other value creation activities in financial service firms depend. These findings were further tested and validated in the quantitative phase. In line with the resource-based view (RBV) and the knowledge-based view (KBV), empirical findings confirm that the firm`s resource endowments explain, in part, value co-creation in firms. Principally, the findings of this study show that the capacity of financial service organisations to provide sustainable value creation for its clients and itself depend on the degree to which they possess specific dynamic capabilities. The findings also show the relative importance of co-creation practices and how they are effective only in certain conditions and specific environments.
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Areljung, Sofie. "Room for discussion? : Examining the role of discussions in students' work with socio-scientific issues." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49201.
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In this thesis the students' experiences of science classroom discussions are examined as well as the nature of their discussions and their ability to take different perspectives while working with socio-scientific issues (SSI). Student questionnaires concerning their attitudes towards school science and science in society, a paper-and-pencil test and focus group discussions have been analysed. The results show that students get to discuss during science lessons, and that they learn a lot from doing so. They also show that the SSI work has brought about a lot of discussions, to which students have a positive attitude. When investigating students' written and oral demonstrationsfewexamplesof argument-based discussions or ofperspective-taking ability were found. Based on these results I argue that in-service teacher training should be carried out, focusing how to organise SSI discussions so that they support students' development of concepts and of generic skills.
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Johnson, Paul. "Quantum performance : scientific discourse in the analysis of the work of contemporary British theatre practitioners." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/353/.
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The scientific developments made during the twentieth century have provoked a profound re-conceptualisation of the nature of reality. Quantum mechanics in particular has produced a spectacular paradigm shift, the philosophical implications of which are still being debated and explored. This thesis explores these implications in terms of developing a framework for the analysis of live performance through three conceptual categories: identity, observation and play. Though there has been some recent theatre work, notably Copenhagen and Hapgood, that engage explicitly with quantum mechanics in terms of form and content, these performances are not the focus of this study, rather the scientific material is used to engage with a range of performance practice.
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Petersén, Anna. "Evaluations that matter in social work." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-56146.
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A great deal of evaluations are commissioned and conducted every year in social work, but research reports a lack of use of the evaluation results. This may depend on how the evaluations are conducted, but it may also depend on how social workers use evaluation results. The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyse evaluation practice in social work from an empirical, normative, and constructive perspective. The objectives are partly to increase the understanding of how we can produce relevant and useful knowledge for social work using evaluation results and partly, to give concrete suggestions on improvements on how to conduct evaluations. The empirical data has been organised as four cases, which are evaluations of temporary programmes in social work. The source materials are documents and interviews. The results show that findings from evaluations of temporary programmes are sparingly used in social work. Evaluations seem to have unclear intentions with less relevance for learning and improvement. In contrast, the evaluators themselves are using the data for new purposes. These empirical findings are elaborated further by using the knowledge form phronesis, which can be translated into practical wisdom. The overall conclusion is that social work is in need of knowledge that social workers find relevant and useful in practice. In order to meet these needs, researchers and evaluators must broaden their knowledge view and begin to include practical knowledge instead of solely relying on scientific knowledge when conducting evaluations. Finally, a new evaluation model is suggested. It is called phronesis-based evaluation and is argued to have great potential to address and include professionals’ praxis-based knowledge. It advocates a view that takes social work’s dynamic context into serious consideration and acknowledges values and power as important components of the evaluation process.
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Bucciarelli, Karina. "A Feminist Epistemological Framework: Preventing Knowledge Distortions in Scientific Inquiry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1365.
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This thesis explores what to have distorted scientific knowledge claims due to socially constructed conceptions of gender. Using the paradigm example of the explanation of human fertilization misrepresenting knowledge as it maps on stereotypes about the passive female and the active male onto the scientific participation of the egg and the sperm. Exploring arguments presented by feminist epistemologists, I argue that in order to produce knowledge free of distortions due to problematic social conceptions we must engage in a specific epistemological framework with three main components: 1) critically and systematically examine the subject of knowledge in relation to the object of knowledge, 2) make efforts to diversify inquirers as the perspectives of marginalized identities are important to informing where dominant narratives are failing to be objective and 3) actively acknowledge the role that values play in inquiry and promote feminist values. The framework presented is specifically applicable to knowledge distortions present in scientific inquiry but, importantly, can also inform individual epistemic relationship.
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Forret, Joan Boyce. "An Interface between science and law: What is science for members of New Zealand's Environment Court?" The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2667.
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This study investigates the interface between science and law with reference to models of science described by members of New Zealand's Environment Court. The aim of the research is to identify differences and consistencies between the members of the Court in the way that they articulate their understanding of science and of scientific evidence. This research also aims to locate those individual models of science within a wider philosophical discourse concerning the nature of science. The research adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach that focuses on understanding the detail of contextual interactions arising from interviews with eight Environment Judges and 13 Commissioners. The interview group comprised all of the judges of the Court during the research period (1999 - 2000) and all but one permanent Commissioner. The analysis of interviews show a wide range of views concerning the scope and nature of science. Criteria significant to each individual's model of science have been identified as a series of micro themes. Those micro themes differ between individuals as to the combinations of criteria significant when locating the boundary between science and non-science. The analysis of interviews also identifies three macro themes that describe whether and how individuals differentiate science, technology and expertise. That analysis identifies a group of interviewees, comprising both judges and commissioners, that equates science with expertise without distinction as to any knowledge component or process considerations. The analysis of interview responses adopts a boundary-work approach that identifies how individuals locate the boundary between science and non-science through their articulation of the micro themes significant to their model of science. The study contributes to the discourse concerning the relationship of science and law within modern society. That discourse commonly addresses the appropriate legal framework to assess questions involving scientific expertise and invariably describes the legal process and the role of expert and decision maker within that process. However, that discourse rarely articulates the meaning of the terms science, scientist, or technology, assuming that science is a self-evident concept, its meaning having universal application and acceptance. This research challenges that approach and identifies wide differences in the models of science held by individual decision makers and differences in their expectations of evidence from expert witnesses. Aside from the implications of the research results for the discourse concerning the relationship of science and law, this research also has practical implications for the evaluation of expert scientific evidence within an adversarial system of law, and for expert evidence before the Environment Court. Suggestions to improve communication both within the Court and between the Court and parties appearing before it are made with a view to identifying consistent and fair expectations of experts and their evidence.
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Henley, Megan M., and Megan M. Henley. "Science and Service: Doula Work and the Legitimacy of Alternative Knowledge Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621107.
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This dissertation explores the knowledge systems that doulas use to legitimate their work to the medical community, and to clients. "Doula" comes from a Greek word that means "a woman who serves." In contemporary English, doulas are women who provide other women with support during labor and childbirth. Although research shows that doula support can have positive physiological and psychological effects, doulas' lower social status in the birth fields constricts their reach to those who know about and can hire them privately. In the United States, obstetricians have authoritative knowledge over birth, and all others fall beneath them in the hierarchy of medicine. Doulas serve as a case for exploring the importance of certification and science, versus alternative forms of knowledge for legitimating their expertise within the field of childbirth. This research uses a mixed methods approach to explore the roles that authoritative versus alternative sources of knowledge play in doulas' attitudes and approaches to childbirth. Data come from the Maternity Support Survey, an original, cross-national survey of nurses, doulas, and childbirth educators in the United States and Canada. I also rely on content analysis of five large doula organizations' websites, and interviews with twenty-five doulas, and twenty-five mothers who hired or considered hiring a doula to support them during labor and delivery. This mixed methods research looks at how doulas can legitimate their role in order to better serve women.Results suggest that both authoritative knowledge systems (such as certification) and alternative knowledge systems (such as feminism) influence doulas' approach to legitimating their work. Scientific evidence serves as both an authoritative and alternative source of knowledge, depending on the context. This research has important implications for the future of doula support; while alternative knowledge systems allow doulas to empower women and challenge the dominance of medicalized birth, authoritative knowledge systems allow doulas greater access to the women who need them most. In order to reach a greater population of women, doulas need to find a balance between challenging authoritative medicine and working within it to best serve women.
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Daniels, Keynasia Kami. "Do educators value school social workers?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2834.
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The purpose of this study is to examine educators' (teachers and school administrators) level of knowledge about the professional role of school social workers and the value that educators place on the functions carried out by social workers as pupil support personnel.
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Norton, James Peter. "On the dispensability of grounding: Ground-breaking work on metaphysical explanation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16600.
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Primitive, unanalysable grounding relations are considered by many to be indispensable constituents of the metaphysician’s toolkit. Yet, as a primitive ontological posit, grounding must earn its keep by explaining features of the world not explained by other tools already at our disposal. Those who defend grounding contend that grounding is required to play two interconnected roles: accounting for widespread intuitions regarding what is ontologically prior to what, and forming the backbone of a theory of metaphysical explanation, in much the same way that causal relations have been thought to underpin theories of scientific explanation. This thesis undermines the need to posit grounding relations to perform either of these jobs. With regard to the first, it is argued that a pair of human psychological mechanisms—for which there is substantial empirical support—can provide a more theoretically virtuous explanation of why we have the intuitions that we do. With regard to the second, I begin by considering what we want from a theory of explanation, and go on to develop three attractive (yet grounding-free) theories of metaphysical explanation. I offer: i) a psychologistic theory that calls upon the aforementioned psychological mechanisms, as well as the modal relations of necessitation and supervenience, ii) a metaphysical variant of the deductive-nomological theory of scientific explanation, and iii) a metaphysical variant of the unificationist theory of scientific explanation. Furthermore, these theories draw upon mechanisms and relations (both logical and ontological) to which we are already committed. Thus, to posit grounding relations in order to explain our priority intuitions, or in order to develop a theory of metaphysical explanation, is ontologically profligate. I conclude that we should not posit relations of ground.
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Anderson, Scott E. "Does Tanking Work? Evidence from the NBA." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1012.
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The National Basketball Association (NBA) has recently come under scrutiny from media and fans due to the perception that some franchises are losing games on purpose in an attempt to win a higher draft pick. While researchers have concluded tanking does exist in the NBA, this is the first paper to analyze the strategy’s success in terms of generating increases in future winning percentage or future franchise value. This paper, through panel data regressions controlling for fixed effects for 21 seasons, has found that tanking does have a large impact on future winning percentage. A team that tanks typically sees a significant increase in wins of approximately 9.87 games between the 2nd and 4th year after the team tanked. These results have large implications for the league as the NBA recently began draft reform discussions to reduce the incentive to tank. This paper validates the leagues’ belief that draft reform must occur as tanking can give an unfair advantage in future years.
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Roubert, Francois. "Intensely distributed nanoscience : co-ordinating scientific work in a large multi-sited cross-disciplinary nanomedical project." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16868.
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This thesis is concerned with the study of biomedical scientific research work that is intensely distributed, i.e. socially distributed across multiple institutions, sites, and disciplines. Specifically, this PhD probes the ways in which scientists co-operating on multi-sited crossdisciplinary projects, design, use and maintain information-based resources to conduct and coordinate their experimental activities. The research focuses on the roles of information artefacts, i.e. the tools, media and devices used to store, track, display, and retrieve information in paper or electronic format, in helping the scientists integrate their activities to achieve concerted action. To examine how scientists in globally distributed settings organise and co-ordinate their scientific work using information artefacts, a multi-method multi-sited study informed by different ethnographic perspectives was conducted focused on a large European crossdisciplinary translational research project in nanodiagnostics. Situated interviews with project scientists, participant observations and participatory learning exercises were designed and deployed. From the data analysis, several abstractions were developed to represent how the joined utilisations of key information artefacts support the co-ordination of experimental activities. Subsequently, a framework was developed to highlight key interactional strategies that need to be managed by experimenters when using artefacts to organise their work cooperatively. This framework was then used as a guiding device to identify innovative ways to design future digital interactive systems to support the co-ordination of intensely distributed scientific work. From this study, several key findings came to light. We identify the role of the experimental protocol acts as a co-ordinative map that is co-designed dynamically to disseminate various instantiations of experimental executions across sites. We have also shed light on the ways the protocol, the lab book and the material log are used jointly to support the articulation of scientific work. The protocol and the lab book are used both locally and across co-operating sites to support four repeatability and reproducibility levels that are key to experimental validation. The use of the local protocol / lab book dyads at each site is further integrated with that of a centralised material log artefact to enable a system of exchange of scientific content (e.g. experimental processes, intermediate results and observations) and experimental materials (both physical materials and key information). We have found that this integration into a co-ordinative cluster supports awareness and the articulation of experimental activities both locally and across remote labs. From this understanding, we have derived several sensitising tensions to frame the strategies that scientific practitioners need to manage when designing their multi-sited experimental work and technologists should consider when designing systems to support them: (1) formalisation / flexibility; (2) articulability / local appropriateness; (3) scrutiny / tinkering; (4) accountability / applicability; (5) traceability / improvisation and (6) lastingness / immediacy. Lastly, based on these tensions, we have suggested a number of implications for the design of interactive information artefacts that can help manage both local and multi-sited co-ordination in intensely distributed scientific projects.
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Coles, Mike. "The nature of scientific work : a study of how science is used in work settings and the implications for education and training programmes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006607/.
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This thesis explores the work of scientists and shows how a description of the main characteristics of scientific work can be constructed. This description forms the basis of a critical appraisal of how scientific education and training could develop to better match the needs of those who wish to pursue a career in science. In the early chapters authoritative reports on science, technology and mathematics in the context of work are analysed to create an overview of how scientists work, of their role within the UK economy and of the knowledge and skills which charactense their expertise. The main part of the research study is the creation of an evidence base which includes data from interview, work observation and documents. Scientists from 28 organisations contributed information and opinion, these people covered the main domains of science. The organisations included both public and private and ranged from small departments to research units in multi-national companies. The data is summarised under headings which have a bearing on the education and training of scientists. Particular attention is given to scientific explanatoiy concepts, concepts concerned with planning experiments, practical skills and analytical skills. The research has revealed the critical importance of a range of non-scientific skills. A commentary on the views of working scientists on aspects of scientific education and training is given and a preliminary match and mismatch analysis of work practice and general educational provision is sununarised. The thesis covers ground which is poorly researched therefore some theoretical constructions have been developed to aid research of this kind. The research shows how the analysis of practice has potential for modemising educational provision, leading to more efficient use of resources and bringing greater relevance to educational courses.
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Davidge, Michael. "Stirrings still and the solicitation of value in Samuel Beckett's work." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/MQ39420.pdf.
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Shaw, Christopher. "Masked to unmasked| The value of mask work in actor training." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528046.
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<p> Actors create blocks based in fear, over-intellectualization of acting concepts, and the limiting assumptions they often make from any given theatrical text. Mask work can release the actor out of fear and into a non-intellectualized flow of freedom, expressivity and character transformation. Exploration with the various pedagogies and styles of Mask work can open doors for the actor that other contemporary training methods cannot, and therefore should be considered an essential component of the actor's training process. </p>
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Jenkins, Gregory Kendall. "The Altered Mobile Home: A Stationary Image of Work and Value." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1712.
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As the medium cost of conventional housing rises, many people unable to incur such an expense look for alternative forms of adequate housing. In rural areas surrounding Bowling Green, Kentucky, several families have utilized the mobile home as a base to expand, embellish, and personalize, creating a larger more conventional-looking home. Many of these altered homes possess gabled roofs, rock exterior walls, and expansive interior space. Of primary concern is: why have these families undertaken a project of this nature?
As material culture scholars and folklorists examine our built environment, they find relationship between construction and the builders. What can the altered mobile home tell us about these individual builders? A contextual analysis examining the surrounding landscape, economic dilemmas, and personal aesthetics and values help elucidate each altered mobile home. Also, by examining the individual builder’s work technique, materials, and values associated with housing, one can understand how each mobile home is a direct reflection of its owner.
Since the mobile home’s creation, the public’s conception of the form has led to claims that it is not a housing form, but rather an accessory for the automobile. Steadfast values associated with housing have not adhered to the image of the mobile home. Because of this ambiguity, the mobile home is an ideal form for individuals to mold and alter, thereby creating a form imbued with personal aesthetics and personal values concerning housing. These ideas are examined through analysis of four families.
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Murry, William D. "Leader-member exchange and work value congruence : a multiple levels approach /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172103/.
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Peckover, Christopher Allen. "Iowa school finance equity: a value-critical policy analysis." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/571.
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Chailan, Romain. "Application of Scientific Computing and Statistical Analysis to address Coastal Hazards." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS168/document.
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L'étude et la gestion des risques littoraux sont plébiscitées par notre société au vu des enjeux économiques et écologiques qui y sont impliqués. Ces risques sont généralement réponse à des conditions environnementales extrêmes. L'étude de ces phénomènes physiques repose sur la compréhension de ces conditions rarement (voire nullement) observées.Dans un milieu littoral, la principale source d'énergie physique est véhiculée par les vagues. Cette énergie est responsable des risques littoraux comme l'érosion et la submersion qui évoluent à des échelles de temps différentes (événementielle ou long-terme). Le travail réalisé, situé à l'interface de l'analyse statistique, de la géophysique et de l'informatique, vise à apporter des méthodologies et outils aux décideurs en charge de la gestion de tels risques.En pratique, nous nous intéressons à mettre en place des méthodes qui prennent en compte non seulement un site ponctuel mais traitent les problématiques de façon spatiale. Ce besoin provient de la nature même des phénomènes environnementaux qui sont spatiaux, tels les champs de vagues.L'étude des réalisations extrêmes de ces processus repose sur la disponibilité d'un jeu de données représentatif à la fois dans l'espace et dans le temps, permettant de projeter l'information au-delà de ce qui a déjà été observé. Dans le cas particulier des champs de vagues, nous avons recours à la simulation numérique sur calculateur haute performance (HPC) pour réaliser un tel jeu de données. Le résultat de ce premier travail offre de nombreuses possibilités d'applications.En particulier, nous proposons à partir de ce jeu de données deux méthodologies statistiques qui ont pour but respectif de répondre aux problématiques de risques littoraux long-termes (érosion) et à celles relatives aux risques événementiels (submersion). La première s'appuie sur l'application de modèles stochastiques dit max-stables, particulièrement adapté à l'étude des événements extrêmes. En plus de l'information marginale, ces modèles permettent de prendre en compte la structure de dépendance spatiale des valeurs extrêmes. Nos résultats montrent l'intérêt de cette méthode au devant de la négligence de la dépendance spatiale de ces phénomènes pour le calcul d'indices de risque.La seconde approche est une méthode semi-paramétrique dont le but est de simuler des champs spatio-temporels d'états-de-mer extrêmes. Ces champs, interprétés comme des tempêtes, sont des amplifications contrôlées et bi-variés d'épisodes extrêmes déjà observés. Ils forment donc des tempêtes encore plus extrêmes. Les tempêtes simulées à une intensité contrôlée alimentent des modèles physiques événementiels à la côte, permettant d'aider les décideurs à l'anticipation de ces risques encore non observés.Enfin et depuis la construction de ces scenarii extrêmes, nous abordons la notion de pré-calcul dans le but d'apporter en quasi-temps réel au décideur et en tant de crise une prévision sur le risque littoral.L’ensemble de ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un besoin industriel d’aide à la modélisation physique : chainage de modèles numériques et statistiques. La dimension industrielle de cette thèse est largement consacrée à la conception et au développement d’un prototype de plateforme de modélisation permettant l’utilisation systématique d’un calculateur HPC pour les simulations et le chainage de modèles de façon générique.Autour de problématiques liées à la gestion du risque littoral, cette thèse démontre l'apport d'un travail de recherche à l'interface de plusieurs disciplines. Elle y répond en conciliant et proposant des méthodes de pointe prenant racine dans chacune de ces disciplines<br>Studies and management of coastal hazards are of high concerns in our society, since they engage highly valuable economical and ecological stakes. Coastal hazards are generally responding to extreme environmental conditions. The study of these physical phenomena relies on the understanding of such environmental conditions, which are rarely (or even never) observed.In coastal areas, waves are the main source of energy. This energy is responsible of coastal hazards developed at different time-scales, like the submersion or the erosion.The presented work, taking place at the interface between Statistical Analysis, Geophysics and Computer Sciences, aiming at bringing forward tools and methods serving decision makers in charge of the management of such risks.In practice, the proposed solutions answer to the questionings with a consideration of the space dimension rather than only punctual aspects. This approach is more natural considering that environmental phenomena are generally spatial, as the sea-waves fields.The study of extreme realisations of such processes is based on the availability of a representative data set, both in time and space dimensions, allowing to extrapolating information beyond the actual observations. In particular for sea-waves fields, we use numerical simulation on high performance computational clusters (HPC) to product such a data set. The outcome of this work offers many application possibilities.Most notably, we propose from this data set two statistical methodologies, having respective goals of dealing with littoral hazards long-terms questionings (e.g., erosion) and event-scale questionings (e.g., submersion).The first one is based on the application of stochastic models so-called max-stable models, particularly adapted to the study of extreme values in a spatial context. Indeed, additionally to the marginal information, max-stable models allow to take into account the spatial dependence structures of the observed extreme processes. Our results show the interest of this method against the ones neglecting the spatial dependence of these phenomena for risk indices computation.The second approach is a semi-parametric method aiming at simulating extreme waves space-time processes. Those processes, interpreted as storms, are controlled and bi-variate uplifting of already observed extreme episodes. In other words, we create most severe storms than the one already observed. These processes simulated at a controlled intensity may feed littoral physical models in order to describe a very extreme event in both space and time dimensions. They allow helping decision-makers in the anticipation of hazards not yet observed.Finally and from the construction of these extreme scenarios, we introduce a pre-computing paradigm in the goal of providing the decision-makers with a real-time and accurate information in case of a sudden coastal crisis, without performing any physical simulation.This work fits into a growing industrial demand of modelling help. Most notably a need related to the chaining of numerical and statistical models. Consequently, the industrial dimension of this PhD.~is mostly dedicated to the design and development of a prototype modelling platform. This platform aims at systematically using HPC resources to run simulations and easing the chaining of models.Embracing solutions towards questionings related to the management of coastal hazard, this thesis demonstrates the benefits of a research work placed at the interface between several domains. This thesis answers such questionings by providing end-users with cutting-edge methods stemming from each of those domains
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Petersen, Rejeanne. "The relationship between quality of work-life and quality of life based on the centrality and value of work in an individual’s life." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30879.
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The study sought to examine the relationship between quality of work-life and quality of life depending on how central work is in an individual’s life and what value work holds for them. Literature internationally has shown that because work forms such an integral part of individuals’ lives, that this could influence their experience of quality of life, indicating that a high quality of work life could lead to a high quality of life. Similarly, if work is a central life interest and dependent on the value that work holds, the loss of work could potentially influence quality of life. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used, with a correlational approach. Snowball sampling was used to gather a sample of 163 working adults in South Africa, through a personal network of family and friends. Participants completed scales assessing the four variables of interest provided in an online questionnaire. The results indicated that individuals who experienced their quality of work-life as more positive also indicated a higher quality of life. This relationship was stronger when individuals saw work as having intrinsic value. However, the degree to which work was central to a person’s life, and to which work was seen as having value as it provided monetary rewards (extrinsic value), social connections and relationships (social value), or status (prestige value) were not found to alter the relationship between quality of work-life and quality of life. As shown previously in both international and local literature, work is always placed second to family in importance. Based on these findings, limitations and recommendations were suggested, as well as theoretical and practical implications.
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Weatherburn, Michael. "Scientific management at work : the Bedaux system, management consulting, and worker efficiency in British industry, 1914-48." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25296.
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Building on scholarly research into the history of management, consultancies, the British state, trade unions, and industrial activism, this thesis uses a variety of private and public archives, printed materials, and private collections, to examine the inception, development, and large scale implementation of work measurement in Britain between 1914 and 1948. It explores work measurement's origins in the American scientific management movement, particularly F.W. Taylor's unit-times, and Charles E. Bedaux's development of Taylor's unit- times into a more effective work measurement unit: the Bedaux B. It elucidates on Bedaux's commercial career and his foundation of several successful industrial consultancies in the 1920s. It explores the activities of his consultancy in interwar Britain, including the installation of the B system at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and the negotiations conducted in order to introduce the B system. It also explores Charles Bedaux's demonisation by the US and British media from 1937-44. The thesis then provides case studies of the circle of managers based at the Rowntree Cocoa Works at York in the interwar period to demonstrate that, in contrast to existing historiographical claims, the Rowntree circle were important in developing, and using, additional work measurement units derived from the B such as the Rowntree Mark, the Mander Work Unit, and the Urwick Orr & Partners Point. It explores the large-scale expansion of work measurement during World War Two, particularly in the use of the B- derived ICI Standard Minute unit at the Ministry of Supply's National Filling Factories, and the endorsement of work measurement by the postwar Labour government in the form of the establishment of the British Institute of Management in 1948. It examines how, when, and why the leadership of major trade union organisations, particularly the Transport and General Workers' Union and the Trades Union Congress, accommodated themselves to the Bedaux B and other work measurement systems in the early 1930s, as well as the more vociferous response to 'Bedaux and kindred systems' by the Communist Party of Great Britain and the Amalgamated Engineering Union. It concludes by examining the uneasy political consensus around the utility and practices of work measurement in postwar British industry, both public and private.
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Hellstrand, Stefan. "On the value of land." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28018.
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The issue of sustainable development is once again moving the production factor land into the focus of economic theory and practise. There are three production factors, capital, labour and land. Land is a synonym to ecosystems. During the major part of the 20th century land in economic theory has been handled as a peripheral issue. The sustainability context implies a challenge to take land in proper consideration. That means to in an adequate way consider system characteristics that result in complex systems, such as thresholds, resilience, irreversibilities, and interdependencies between systems and system levels. The thesis examines how land can be understood and handled in the context of a sustainable development, the relations between land and society on a conceptual level and in operative terms, the relations between system levels and between the three sustainability dimensions ecological, economic and social, the importance of agriculture and animal production in a sustainable development. The major findings are that in contexts such as economically profitable and natural resource-efficient milk production; methods to measure sustainability performance of production systems generally; and societal strategies for management of natural resources that support economic and social development within ecological sustainability limits, three “laws” need to be handled appropriate: Liebig’s “Law” of the minimum, Shelford´s “Law” of tolerance, and the “Law” of diminishing return in biological-ecological productions systems. The thesis identifies examples within dairy sciences, systems ecology, and engineering sciences that affect or may affect policies in real world systems from local to global level that can be substantially improved. In order to suggest relevant measures a tool-kit supporting a sustainable development have been generated, integrating contributions from agricultural sciences, systems ecology, economic theory, economic geography, applied environmental sciences and theories of complex systems. The thesis summarises around 30 years of professional experiences mainly within advanced consultancy, during which this tool-kit has been developed and applied. Evaluation of some applications afterwards shows relevance. For some of the examples analysed in the thesis, found weaknesses are such that global food security literally is threatened within one to twenty years.
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Gaus, Olaf [Verfasser], Matthias G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Raith, and Bodo [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogt. "Value creation : the recognition and use of scientific potential in entrepreneurship / Olaf Gaus. Betreuer: Matthias G. Raith ; Bodo Vogt." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/108262568X/34.
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Intemann, Kristen K. "Should science be value-free? : rethinking the role of ethical and political values in the justification of scientific theories /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5716.
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Rockwell, Michelle S. "Vitamin D in Human Health and Performance: The Pursuit of Evidence-Based Practice in an Era of Scientific Uncertainty." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93168.
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Background: Calciferol (vitamin D) is an essential nutrient that can be synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) light, or obtained through dietary and supplement sources. Traditionally known for its role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is currently described as a pleiotropic hormone with genomic and non-genomic roles in most body tissues. Clinical practice guidelines related to vitamin D are inconsistent and controversial. The purpose of this dissertation was to describe current patterns of vitamin D-related clinical care in a variety of settings, and to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplements on the health and performance of collegiate athletes, a group with high prevalence of low vitamin D (LVD).
Methods: This dissertation consists of five studies: 1) a scoping review of the health services literature related to clinical management of vitamin D; 2) a retrospective analysis of clinical care following non-indicated vitamin D testing using electronic health record (EHR) data from a regional health system; 3) a survey study to assess vitamin D-related practices among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I programs; 4) an open clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of a specific vitamin D supplement protocol in treating collegiate basketball athletes with LVD; and 5) a randomized, double-blind clinical trial to determine health and performance effects of vitamin D supplements in collegiate swimmers participating in fall season training.
Results: Substantial inconsistency in vitamin D-related care was observed throughout the first three studies. Exponential increases in vitamin D testing and treatment, and associated costs, were identified in the U.S. and several other countries. A high proportion of this care was considered non-indicated (i.e., counter to professional guidelines). A lower rate of non-indicated vitamin D-related services was conducted within the health system we studied, but a cascade of low value services followed non-indicated vitamin D testing. Vitamin D testing was regularly performed by more than 65% of NCAA programs. In basketball athletes, 10 weeks of daily vitamin D3 supplements (5000 or 10,000 IU based on initial vitamin D status) improved serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the common biomarker of vitamin D status. In swimmers, a vitamin D supplement protocol (5,000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks) was efficacious in attenuating a seasonal decline in 25(OH)D compared with placebo. Swimmers taking vitamin D supplements also showed greater improvements in strength, power, and fat free mass. In both athlete studies, taking vitamin D supplements was associated with higher free testosterone concentration.
Conclusions: The provision of evidence-based care related to vitamin D is complicated by contradictory clinical practice guidelines, resulting in inconsistent and sometimes, non-indicated care. Focused research on specific populations at high-risk for LVD can inform best practices. Our results suggest that taking vitamin D supplements is an efficacious strategy for athletes to improve 25(OH)D, especially when UVB exposure is low, and to enhance strength and power in collegiate swimmers.<br>Ph.D.<br>Vitamin D is known as the “sunshine vitamin” since it can be synthesized by the human body when exposed to specific wavelengths of ultraviolet-B (UVB) light. Some foods and dietary supplements also contain vitamin D. A relationship between vitamin D and bone health is well-established, but emerging research has also associated vitamin D status with a number of different diseases and health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune conditions, and depression. Unfortunately, this research is currently inconclusive, and healthcare providers’ professional guidelines related to vitamin D are highly variable. Thus, providing evidence-based care related to vitamin D is complicated. This dissertation consists of a series of three research studies that describe healthcare providers’ vitamin D-related care considering the uncertain landscape, and two research studies that explore the role of vitamin D in collegiate athletes. We chose athletes since a high proportion of them have deficient or insufficient vitamin D status, and because some research has shown that this low vitamin D status affects athletic performance. Results of these studies showed that vitamin D-related health services such as blood testing have increased dramatically over the past 15 years, as have costs associated with these services. Opportunities to improve consistency and quality of care were observed in multiple settings. In the athlete studies, a high rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed among basketball athletes, and we identified vitamin D supplement treatment protocol effective in improving vitamin D status. In addition, swimmers who took vitamin D supplements performed better on strength and conditioning tests than those who took placebo supplements. A favorable relationship between testosterone concentrations and vitamin D status was shown in both basketball athletes and swimmers. Continuing to conduct research focused on specific populations can help healthcare providers develop consistent, high quality, evidence-based care related to vitamin D.
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Vosloo, Petro. "An investigation into the relationship between employee value proposition and work engagement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4277.
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The intention of this study was to measure the work engagement and EVP of employees and further to investigate the relationship between work engagement and EVP. A secondary objective was to determine to determine to what extend intrinsic rewards of EVP affects work engagement more than extrinsic rewards. The study was quantitative in nature and data was obtained by means of an electronic survey. The EVP questionnaire and UWES were used to measure EVP and work engagement respectively. Results showed that there is no practical relationship between work engagement and EVP; however, evidence suggested a statistically significant relationship between work engagement and EVP. There was no evidence to suggest that in the relationship between work engagement and EVP, intrinsic components of EVP affect work engagement more than extrinsic rewards. It was however suggested that although the extrinsic rewards component of EVP are important in attracting and retaining employees, rewards had no correlation with work engagement. Implications of the findings suggest that rewards might be important when attracting and retaining employees to a company. However, in order to develop levels of work engagement rewards play no significant role. Companies should invest in enhancing the intrinsic components of their EVP to such an extent that it contributes to levels of work engagement.
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Lajoie, Jason. "Fashioning Value: The Work of Identity in the Age of Digital Reproduction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31726.
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The traditional notions of value rooted in the system of physical print publication have been irrevocably altered by the emergence of electronic publication. Where the value of the book could once be easily quantified as a tangible product which contained and conferred various forms of value, this value has now been challenged by the proliferation of digital products. Contemporary studies of literary value have so far been dominated by the theories of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and his distinctions of capital value, and while his theories are a productive means of exploring the problem of distinguishing value, digitization lessens the necessity for and value of the traditional institutional imprimatur which Bourdieu predominantly focuses on. This is so because digital technology has given writers an unprecedented ability to engage directly in mass public discourse and for readers to circumvent intended modes of reading. My thesis thus explores how value has been redefined in the digital age by questioning whether the digital literary paradigm is not altogether unlike the print-based one. By treating all aspects of each paradigm as information, be it the text or identity, my thesis conducts a meta-analysis of the social and cultural operations underlying the evaluation and evolution of value in the field of literature.
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Kayahara, Matthew. ""Travestis politiques": The gay value of Michel Tremblay's dramatic work in translation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26673.
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Michel Tremblay often denies that he writes about gayness, despite frequent themes of sexual difference in his plays. In Hosanna , for example, he has suggested that the gay content is a metaphor for Quebec's aspirations to independence. In other plays, such as Les anciennes odeurs and Messe solennelle pour une pleine lune d'ete, he seems to be advancing a "banalizing" conception of gay identity. Despite these interpretations, a number of Anglophone academics have mobilized Tremblay's texts to make arguments about community-based gay identity and have treated Tremblay as a gay writer. This thesis seeks to determine if this appropriation is facilitated by the translation process, as a result of the translators intervening in the texts to enhance their gay content. Ultimately, it seems this is not the case, suggesting that the appropriation of Tremblay's work results more from the gay community reading its own conceptions of gay identity into the texts than from the translation process.
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Sawer, Hilary Catherine, and sawer hilary@edumail vic gov au. "'One Fundamental Value': Work for the Dole participants' views about mutual obligation." RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060926.093507.
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This thesis contributes to the literature on the Howard Government's mutual obligation policy by investigating the perspectives of those who are subject to it: specifically, those required to undertake Work for the Dole. To date, research on participants' perspectives has been limited to a few predominantly quantitative studies, most of which have been commissioned or conducted by government departments. This study provides a more qualitative and independent perspective on participants' experiences and their views about their rights and obligations as unemployed people. It considers the extent to which these experiences and views are consistent with or conflict with the rationales for mutual obligation. The study included a survey of 87 participants in nine Melbourne and Geelong-based Work for the Dole projects conducted in 1999, eight focus groups conducted with 59 of these participants, and 37 in-depth interviews conducted with a new sample of Work for the Dole participants in 2002. Unemployed participants in the study had a strongly positive orientation towards work and many had substantial experience of employment. They viewed work as necessary to fulfil human capacities and needs, and often believed that they should work for their own well-being, as much as to contribute to society. Far from expressing any distinctive values of a 'dependency culture', participants appeared to share many of the work values of the wider community. However, many also had substantial experience of unemployment and faced significant barriers to gaining ongoing work. This thesis provides evidence that Work for the Dole provides short-term benefits for many such unemployed people: most study participants enjoyed taking part in the program and felt that they gained benefits from participating. They clearly endorsed some kind of work placement and skill development programs for the unemployed. Given the Howard Government's abolition of a range of previous programs of this type, Work for the Dole is now the only such program available for many participants and was often preferred to doing no program at all. However, more than four in ten survey participants did not enjoy doing the program overall, and a fifth actively disliked taking part. Further, the program's impact on employment prospects appeared to be either negligible or negative-which was not surprising given the scheme's focus on the unemployed discharging their 'obligations to the community' and 2 overcoming a 'psychology of dependency', rather than on job outcomes for participants. However, this thesis argues that there is very limited value in a program which provides benefits at the time of participation but does not help in achieving the main aim of the unemployed: gaining work. The study analyses the Howard Government's three central rationales for the mutual obligation policy: that it ensures that participants fulfil the requirements of the 'social contract' by requiring them to 'contribute to the community' (the contractualist claim), that it deters the unemployed from being 'too selective' about jobs (the 'job snob' claim), and that it benefits participants by developing their capacity for autonomy and self-reliance (the new paternalist claim). These three rationales are assessed in the light of participants' responses. With regard to the contractualist claim, the study finds that most participants shared the widespread community belief that only 'genuine' jobseekers deserve unemployment payments, but many did not share the community's support for the requirement to work for payments. While a third of survey participants supported this requirement, almost half opposed it. Most believed the government was not fulfilling its obligations to the unemployed to provide appropriate employment and training opportunities which were relevant to the jobs they were seeking. Many viewed the mutual obligation 'contract' as a one-way set of directives imposed on them and believed that the breaching regime which enforced these directives was unreasonably punitive and unfairly administered. With regard to the 'job snob' claim, study participants largely rejected an expectation that they should be required to accept any job, and most had substantial concerns about the specific form of the job search regime. They did not agree that 'any job is better than no job' and objected to the pressure under mutual obligation arrangements to apply for jobs which they considered inappropriate. They were not willing to be forced into jobs in which they feared they would be unhappy and which they were likely to soon leave; rather, they wanted assistance to help them to find sustainable work. Finally, with regard to the 'new paternalist' claim, many participants believed that compelling recipients to undertake certain activities or to apply for unsuitable jobs unreasonably restricted their freedom of choice, undermining rather than increasing their autonomy. As argued by Yeatman (2000b), recipients may benefit from a program, or from a case manager who assists 3 them to develop their capacities, but compulsion to undertake activities that are not related to individual needs and goals is likely to undermine capacity-building. The evidence of poor employment outcomes from Work for the Dole adds further weight to this view. The provision of a greater range of program types in place of Work for the Dole-including those which combine work with accredited training and those providing subsidised placement in mainstream jobs-would address many concerns held by participants in this study. However, compulsion to participate in a labour market program would remain problematic in a society which generates far fewer jobs than are needed for full employment. The thesis concludes that the mutual obligation principle privileges the obligations of the unemployed over their rights to autonomy and to work. Its associated requirements have further added to the already considerable constraints faced by unemployed people who are attempting to identify and meet their own work-related goals. Ironically, a policy which is portrayed by the Government as promoting active participation in society, in reality requires many payment recipients to passively obey government directives-instead of actively participating in shaping their own future.
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Silver, Steven David. "Knowledge use and value constructs in dynamic systems for non-work activities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627474.
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