Journal articles: 'The VI Agroforestry Project'

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Johansson, Karl-Erik, Robert Axelsson, and Ngolia Kimanzu. "Mapping the Relationship of Inter-Village Variation in Agroforestry Tree Survival with Social and Ecological Characteristics: The Case of the Vi Agroforestry Project, Mara Region, Tanzania." Sustainability 5, no. 12 (December 4, 2013): 5171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5125171.

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Burgess, Paul J., and Adolfo Rosati. "Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project." Agroforestry Systems 92, no. 4 (June 9, 2018): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0261-3.

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Abstract In global terms, European farms produce high yields of safe and high quality food but this depends on the use of many off-farm inputs and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, loss of soil nutrients and other negative environmental impacts incur substantial societal costs. Farmers in the European Union receive support through a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that comprises direct payments to farmers (Pillar I) and payments related to rural development measures (Pillar II). This paper examines the ways in which agroforestry can support European agriculture and rural development drawing on the conclusions of 23 papers presented in this Special Issue of Agroforestry Systems which have been produced during a 4-year research project called AGFORWARD. The project had the goal of promoting agroforestry in Europe and focused on four types of agroforestry: (1) existing systems of high nature and cultural value, and agroforestry for (2) high value tree, (3) arable, and (4) livestock systems. The project has advanced our understanding of the extent of agroforestry in Europe and of farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry, including the reasons for adoption or non-adoption. A participatory approach was used with over 40 stakeholder groups across Europe to test selected agroforestry innovations through field trials and experiments. Innovations included improved grazing management in agroforestry systems of high nature and cultural value and the introduction of nitrogen fixing plants in high value timber plantations and olive groves. Other innovations included shelter benefits for arable crops, and disease-control, nutrient-retention, and food diversification benefits from integrating trees in livestock enterprises. Biophysical and economic models have also been developed to predict the effect of different agroforestry designs on crop and tree production, and on carbon sequestration, nutrient loss and ecosystems services in general. These models help us to quantify the potential environmental benefits of agroforestry, relative to agriculture without trees. In view of the substantial area of European agroforestry and its wider societal and environmental benefits, the final policy papers in this Special Issue argue that agroforestry should play a more significant role in future versions of the CAP than it does at present.

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Kakhobwe, CM, JF Kamoto, JP Njoloma, and Nicholas Ozor. "Scaling up agroforestry farming systems: Lessons from the Malawi Agroforestry Extension Project." Journal of Agricultural Extension 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v20i1.13.

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Proto, Andrea R., Giuseppe Zimbalatti, Lorenzo Abenavoli, Bruno Bernardi, and Soraya Benalia. "Biomass Production in Agroforestry Systems: V.E.Ri.For Project." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.58.

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The biomass for energy purposes, coming from agroforestry systems and timber industry, can provide various environmental and socio-economic benefits. Among all renewable energy sources, agroforestry biomass represents both an important alternative source to fossil fuels and an opportunity for the socio-economic development of various marginal areas in Italy. In particular, agroforestry is a collective name of land use systems in which woody perennials are grown in association with herbaceous plants and/or livestock in a spatial arrangements, a rotation, or both in which there are both ecological and economic interactions between the tree and the non-tree components of the system. Estimating availability of biomass resources is important to assess bioenergy production potential and so bioenergy contribution to annual energy demand. In the supply of biomass to energy use, the planning of operations is the basis for sustainable development of agroforest system. Most existing forest practice rules and recommendations did not anticipate this increased extraction of woody biomass and offer no specific guidance on how much removal is healthy for ecosystems. Intensification of biomass utilization, particularly for energy and fuel needs, presents a range of potential environmental risks. Therefore, the research focuses on development of guidelines for increasing a sustainable biomass supply chain at local scale, in order to facilitate energy planning that considers the local system carrying capacity and the potential of substitution of fossil fuels.

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Cameron, DM, SJ Rance, RM Jones, DA Charles-Edwards, and A. Barnes. "Project STAG: an experimental study in agroforestry." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890699.

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An agroforestry study to identify problems in the development of stable silvopastoral systems in a subtropical environment was run over 4.6 years.Eucalyptusgrandis was planted in a Nelder fan design with tree stand densities ranging from 42 to 3580 stems ha-1 into a Seturia-dominated pasture. Growth of trees improved with increasing stand density until competition for water and light outweighed the benefits of mutual protection. For most parameters measured, there was a change in magnitude with time away from the centre of the wheel like ripples in a pond. At 1.5 years the maximum above-ground individual tree biomass was at a stocking of 3580 stems ha-1 . At 2,2.5,3,3.5 and 4.6 years the maxima were at 1140,595,305, 158 and 82 stems ha-1 respectively. Trees interacted with each other, even at low stand densities.Pasture production also showed a ripple effect, being little affected by the trees at age 0.5 years, but was substantially reduced after 1.5 years at stand densities over 1000 stems ha-1. By age 3.5 years, pasture production was reduced at stand densities over 300 stems ha-1. At this age and stocking, tree growth, taper, crown dimensions and health were also optimal.Trees and pasture can be successfully grown together to provide substantial production from each. A thinning regime would be required to maintain an optimum balance between the two components of this agroforestry system.

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Huxley, P. A. "Agroforestry in Africa — A Survey of Project Experience." Forest Ecology and Management 44, no. 2-4 (November 1991): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90017-p.

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Hall, D. O. "Agroforestry in Africa: A survey of project experience." Bioresource Technology 35, no. 1 (January 1991): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90091-w.

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Nadeak, Nurpine, Rommy Qurniati, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Analisis Finansial Pola Tanam Agroforestri Di Desa Pesawaran Indah Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1165-74.

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Agroforestry in Indonesian language simply means as planting trees on agricultural land.Land’s management with sustainable agroforestry systems expected to be able improve field productivity. It has needed to do financial analysis for agroforestry cropping patterns. It based on some of dominant plant species in agroforestry cropping patterns.This study conducted in the Pesawaran Indah Village of Padang Cermin Subdistrict on Pesawaran District in March-May 2012. The study aims to determine a profitable agroforestry cropping patterns based on financial analysis. Sampling used by purposive sampling technique. Financial analysis of agroforestry cropping pattern used the NPV, BCR and IRR with feasibility age of 20 years and an interest rate of 12%.The results showed that there are 9 agroforestry cropping patterns applied. Analysis showed that agroforestry cropping patterns is financially viable to be applied. Among 9 cropping pattern, pattern VI which is combination of Cocoa, Coconut and Banana has the highest profit with NPV is Rp 71.392.802,34,-, BCR of 7,39 and an IRR of 96%.Key words : agroforestry, financial analysis, pattern

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Wilson, A. A. "Browse Agroforestry Using Honeylocust." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67232-3.

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The efficiency of establishing honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) trees in operating pastures is being tested at the Spring-tree Agroforestry Project. Existing electric fences are used as fence rows and to provide protection for honeylocust which produce high nutrient pods for animal consumption. High production cultivars have been grafted to seedling nursery stock and planted out. Annual pod production can be self-harvested by sheep and cattle as a supplementary feed source. When properly spaced, honeylocust do not significantly reduce understory grass production. The literature on honeylocust as an agroforestry species is reviewed, and is used to develop financial rates of return for the program. Potential internal rates of return for pasture honeylocust plantings, calculated using a variety of production and cost assumptions, show net gains ranging from 9% to 24%. The formation of the Honeylocust Research Group is described and future research needs discussed.

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Aryal, Kishor, Prakash Singh Thapa, and Dhananjaya Lamichhane. "Revisiting Agroforestry for Building Climate Resilient Communities: A Case of Package-Based Integrated Agroforestry Practices in Nepal." Emerging Science Journal 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2019-01193.

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Agriculture based livelihoods in the developing countries are bearing significant negative impacts due to climate change. In this scenario, agroforestry is one of the best alternatives to cope with climate change and disaster risks. However, the agroforestry approaches adopted in the past were sectoral and partial, and were insufficient to contribute to socio-economic wellbeing and resilient communities. Nepal has been implementing package-based integrated agroforestry since 2016. It is a project approach to advance agroforestry practices by including disaster mitigation, land and water management, and community development activities. This paper reflects on the process and outcomes of the agroforestry practices, implemented by the government in seven super zones of Nepal. The programs have shown fairly satisfactory output in building adaptive capacity to climate change, awareness and active participation in agroforestry development activities. This paper reveals that the agroforestry alone cannot be sustained, and hence, it has to be integrated with land productivity enhancement, natural resource management, climate change adaptation, and livelihood support in addition to tree plantation in agricultural lands. This paper is crucial in understanding the scope of package-based integrated agroforestry approach to build climate resilient communities.

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Kusumandari, Ambar, Denny Irawati, and Sri Astuti Soedjoko. "Optimalisasi Penggunaan Lahan dengan Sistem Agroforestri dan Pendampingan Pascapanennya di Kelompok Tani Dusun Kemuning, Gunungkidul." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.16924.

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Kemuning sub village district is located in Bunder village, Patuk, Gunung Kidul. This area is near by the Bunder forest park and Wanagama Educational Forest. Most of the people live there are farmers. As the soil is relatively unfertile, they prefer to plant trees, so they called as forest community farmers. Among the trees, they plant cassava, peanut, and corn, so it called as agroforestry. In the field, the area seems still has the opportunity that can be added to be planted. Based on this situation, in this project, the optimalization of land use was introduced to ask the farmers to plant the undergrowth species includes: zingiber, kunyit and kencur. This project was started by introducing the agroforestry system, where they can plant together both trees and non trees at the same land. The socialization was done by inviting the farmers to come to the meeting. The advantages of agroforestry was explained to them, and also the post harvesting management to produce the instant zingiber was also trained and demonstrated to the female farmers. This product is also useful for attracting the local tourist who usually come at the week end. The output of this project was the agroforestry demplot can be built in the field, so the farmers can learn and study to develope at their own land. The female farmer can also make the instant zingiber as the healthy drink.

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MAIKHURI, R. K., K. G. SAXENA, and K. S. RAO. "EXPERIENCES IN DEVELOPING A VILLAGE AGROFORESTRY PROJECT IN GARHWAL HIMALAYA, INDIA." International Tree Crops Journal 8, no. 4 (January 1995): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01435698.1995.9752950.

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Castellanos González, Leónides, Ana Francisca González Pedraza, and Alfonso Eugenio Capacho Mogollón. "Influence of agroforestry systems of the Plantar Project on soil macrofauna." BISTUA REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS 17, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v3.n3.2019.3571.

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El proyecto Plantar (Desarrollo estratégico agroecológico con uso de TIC para el fortalecimiento de cultivos promisorios en el Departamento de Norte de Santander) se desarrolló desde en enero de 2018 y a junio de 2019 en los municipios Arboledas, Convención, La Playa, La Esperanza, Ocaña y Mutiscua. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la Influencia de 18 sistemas agroforestales del Proyecto Plantar sobre la macrofauna del suelo después de implementados los mismos en los seis municipios. Se compararon las variables de biodiversidad de la macrofauna en dos muestreos (abundancia, Índice de riqueza específica, índice de diversidad de especies de Margalef, índice de equidad de abundancia de Shannon-Wiener e índice de dominancia de Simpson), uno antes de sembrar los cultivos y otro al año de establecidos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de las variables estudiadas para las variables de modelos agroecológico. El establecimiento de los cultivos en los sistemas agroforestales tuvo impactos negativos y positivos sobre la macrofauna del suelo, al parecer debido a la heterogeneidad de la cobertura vegetal y del uso de suelo de las parcelas que aportaron los agricultores al proyecto. Al analizar la abundancia de la macrofauna se verifica que esta disminuye en todos los municipios, sin embargo, un análisis más detenido de otras variables como la riqueza y diversidad de especies, la equidad y la dominancia dentro de los modelos y grupos biológicos aportan resultados más favorables que cuando se analiza solamente de la abundancia. Palabras clave: Biodiversidad, abundancia, equidad, dominancia, modelos agroecológicos.

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Sudha, P., V. Ramprasad, M. D. V. Nagendra, H. D. Kulkarni, and N. H. Ravindranath. "Development of an agroforestry carbon sequestration project in Khammam district, India." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12, no. 6 (March 22, 2007): 1131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-9067-0.

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Burgess, Paul J., and Adolfo Rosati. "Correction to: Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project." Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0284-9.

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Browder, John O., Randolph H. Wynne, and Marcos A. Pedlowski. "Agroforestry diffusion and secondary forest regeneration in the Brazilian Amazon: further findings from the Rondônia Agroforestry Pilot Project (1992–2002)." Agroforestry Systems 65, no. 2 (November 2005): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-004-6375-9.

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Hoang, Lua Thi, James M. Roshetko, Thuong Pham Huu, Tim Pagella, and Phuong Nguyen Mai. "Agroforestry - The Most Resilient Farming System for the Hilly Northwest of Vietnam." International Journal of Agriculture System 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i1.1166.

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Over 94% of the land of northwestern Vietnam is classified as sloping. Population growth has exerted pressure on local natural resources, with agricultural expansion on steep slopes resulting in forest degradation, landscape fragmentation and severe environmental consequences. Efforts to restore forest ecosystems have been made by the government, however, as the livelihoods of 80% of the population depend on agriculture, the reconversion of land to forest has proven to be an inappropriate solution. Agroforestry offers a potentially sustainable land-use solution, which could re-establish forests, restore ecosystem services, and stabilize local livelihoods. In this paper, we assess the potential of agroforestry development in the region based on the results of two interrelated surveys conducted in 21 representative villages in six districts of three northwestern provinces: 1) a farming system diagnosis implemented in 17 representative villages; and 2) an agroforestry adoption survey with 210 households practising agroforestry in 14 villages. The analysis was strengthened by four years’ experience in implementing an extensive agroforestry project in the region. The studies focussed on assessing key benefits and constraints of existing farming systems, including agroforestry practices, adopted by farmers and identifying the potential for agroforestry development in the region. The results showed that the dominant farming system in the north-western provinces was monoculture of staple crops on slopes, which provided relatively low economic returns. Soil erosion, land degradation, and water shortages resultant from intensive farming practices were the most significant environmental issues in the area. Tree-based farming systems were rare and mostly a result of spontaneous adoption by farmers. Given the mountainous landscape and the need for soil stabilization, agroforestry was seen by farmers as a viable approach. Improving the existing and adopting new, integrated agroforestry systems were identified as viable ways toward sustainable livelihoods in Northwestern Vietnam.

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Clarke, Jeanette. "Participatory technology development in agroforestry: methods from a pilot project in Zimbabwe." Agroforestry Systems 15, no. 2-3 (September 1991): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00120189.

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Adhi Saputro, Wahyu, Singgih Purnomo, and Ika Rahmawati. "Contribution of Agroforestry Plants to Farmers’ Income in Nglanggeran Agricultural Technology Park." E3S Web of Conferences 305 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130506001.

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Agroforestry cultivation is very often practiced in Indonesia. In particular, combining cocoa plantations with several other types of plants such as woody plants, bananas and other plants. This is also done by farmers in the Nglanggeran Agricultural Technology Park. Cultivating agroforestry crops has many advantages, one of which is increasing profits. This study aims to determine the composition of agroforestry patterned crops that provide the highest income and welfare levels for farmers. This research uses analytical descriptive method. The sample used is 60 farmers who cultivate the main crop of cocoa in Nglanggeran Village. Based on the research results, it can be seen that type 6 criteria provides more benefits by combining cocoa with Mahogany, sengon, guava crystals, and durian plants. These criteria have an Average income / household / year of IDR 18,120,430. The highest contribution is in Criterion IV, followed by Criterion VI, then followed by Criteria I, II, V and III. The highest contribution is criterion 4 with a contribution to farmers’ income of 60.32%.

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Swamila, Martha, Damas Philip, Adam Meshack Akyoo, Stefan Sieber, Mateete Bekunda, and Anthony Anderson Kimaro. "Gliricidia Agroforestry Technology Adoption Potential in Selected Dryland Areas of Dodoma Region, Tanzania." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070306.

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Declining soil fertility is one of the major problems facing producers of field crops in most dryland areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the declining soil fertility, extensive participatory research has been undertaken by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and smallholder farmers in Dodoma region, Tanzania. The research has, amongst others, led to the development of Gliricidia agroforestry technology. The positive impact of Gliricidia intercropping on crop yields has been established. However, information on farmers’ willingness and ability to adopt the Gliricidia agroforestry technology on their farms is limited. This study predicts the adoption of Gliricidia agroforestry and conventional mineral fertilizer use technology. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with groups of farmers, purposively selected based on five sets of criteria: (i) at least 2 years of experience in either trying or using Gliricidia agroforestry technology, (ii) at least 1 year of experience in either trying or using the mineral fertilizer technology (iii) at least 10 years of living in the study villages, (iv) the age of 18 years and above, and (v) sex. The Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT) was used to predict the peak adoption levels and the respective time in years. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of change in adoption variables on predicted peak adoption levels and time to peak adoption. The results revealed variations in peak adoption levels with Gliricidia agroforestry technology exhibiting the highest peak of 67.6% in 12 years, and that the most influential variable to the peak adoption is the upfront cost of investing in Gliricidia agroforestry and fertilizer technologies. However, in Gliricidia agroforestry technology most production costs are incurred in the first year of project establishment but impact the long term biophysical and economic benefits. Moreover, farmers practicing agroforestry technology accrue environmental benefits, such as soil erosion control. Based on the results, it is plausible to argue that Gliricidia agroforestry technology has a high adoption potential and its adoption is influenced by investment costs. We recommend two actions to attract smallholder farmers investing in agroforestry technologies. First, enhancing farmers’ access to inputs at affordable prices. Second, raising farmers’ awareness of the long-term environmental benefits of Gliricidia agroforestry technology.

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NAKAYAMA, Hideaki. "Seadragon-VI research project and general results." Annals of physiological anthropology 4, no. 2 (1985): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.4.125.

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Wallace, Ben. "Reclaiming Ancestral Lands: A By-product of Agroforestry Research in the Phillipines." Practicing Anthropology 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.22.3.57032lt7h178p773.

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Those of us directly involved in applied research are all too familiar with the need to adjust our methods or objectives because of unanticipated cultural or political situations. On rare occasions, however, an unanticipated situation creates an opportunity for the project to go beyond its stated objectives and enhance its opportunities for success. Such a situation occurred in a long-term agroforesty research and development project in the Philippines, popularly known as "Good Roots: Ugat ng buhay." This case study is presented here in hope that it will prompt other researchers to explore the secondary benefits of their primary research.

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Jara-Rojas, Roberto, Soraya Russy, Lisandro Roco, David Fleming-Muñoz, and Alejandra Engler. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Agroforestry Practices: Insights from Silvopastoral Systems of Colombia." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060648.

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In Colombia, one-third of the land is devoted to cattle farming, which is one of the main drivers of deforestation, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and emissions of greenhouses gases. To mitigate the environmental impacts of cattle farming, agroforestry practices have been extensively promoted with mixed results. Despite research and extension efforts over the last 20-year period, agroforestry systems still involve a complex knowledge process among stakeholders that needs to be addressed. To understand the drivers of cattle farmers’ behavior with regard to adopting agroforestry practices, we apply a double hurdle regression for different social, economic and productive information to capture the decision to adopt and the intensity of the adoption as a joint decision of such practices. For this purpose, we use data from a survey (implemented as part of an international project) administered to 1605 cattle farmers located in five agro-ecological regions in Colombia. Our dependent variables are defined by the adoption of four agroforestry practices: scattered trees, trees and shrubs for forage production, forestry plantations, and management of native forest. The adoption decision of agroforestry practices was influenced by the access and use of credit, location, and the implemented livestock system. Herd size and participation in development projects that involved tree planting had a positive influence on the adoption and intensity of agroforestry practices, while the variable associated with presence of water springs tended to boost the intensity of adoption. The diffusion of these technologies might be increased among farmers who have adopted and who are potential adopters, and social capital and networking can play a crucial role in spreading agroforestry as sustainable practice.

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Pandit, Naba Raj, Deepak Gautam, and Sharada Adhikari. "Role of Agroforestry Practices in Changing Rural Livelihood Economy: Case study of Dhaibung VDC of Rasuwa District." Initiation 5 (April 19, 2014): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10251.

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This paper is part of the case study on “Socio-economic development of rural people through Agroforestry system in Rasuwa District of Nepal” surveyed during 2008. With the aim to assess the contribution of agro forestry to household economy of rural people, a study was conducted at Dhaibung VDC of Rasuwa district as agro forestry system creates employment and livelihood opportunity to the majority of the rural dwellers. Comparative study was done between agro forestry and non-agro forestry system village based on the project in terms of financial benefits and incentives received by respondents. Findings from the study revealed that agro forestry system practiced in project area; gross income and net income analysis in project village (PV) are more profitable than control village (CV) farms. Income from sale of livestock, fruits, milk and milk products was higher in project village as compared to control village whereas income from public services, wage labour was somehow same. The integration of agroforestry into existing farming system is the strongest driver to meet the food sufficiency of rural resident for longer months and ensure food security sustainably in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10251 The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 32-42

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Sprenkle, S. D. "Community-Based Agroforestry as Restoration: The Haiti Timber Reintroduction Project Methods and Framework." Ecological Restoration 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.26.3.201.

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Sharma, Rajni, Sanjeev K. Chauhan, and Abhishek M. Tripathi. "Carbon sequestration potential in agroforestry system in India: an analysis for carbon project." Agroforestry Systems 90, no. 4 (August 23, 2015): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9840-8.

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van Noordwijk, Meine, Erika Speelman, Gert Jan Hofstede, Ai Farida, Ali Yansyah Abdurrahim, Andrew Miccolis, Arief Lukman Hakim, et al. "Sustainable Agroforestry Landscape Management: Changing the Game." Land 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080243.

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Location-specific forms of agroforestry management can reduce problems in the forest–water–people nexus, by balancing upstream and downstream interests, but social and ecological finetuning is needed. New ways of achieving shared understanding of the underlying ecological and social-ecological relations is needed to adapt and contextualize generic solutions. Addressing these challenges between thirteen cases of tropical agroforestry scenario development across three continents requires exploration of generic aspects of issues, knowledge and participative approaches. Participative projects with local stakeholders increasingly use ‘serious gaming’. Although helpful, serious games so far (1) appear to be ad hoc, case dependent, with poorly defined extrapolation domains, (2) require heavy research investment, (3) have untested cultural limitations and (4) lack clarity on where and how they can be used in policy making. We classify the main forest–water–people nexus issues and the types of land-use solutions that shape local discourses and that are to be brought to life in the games. Four ‘prototype’ games will be further used to test hypotheses about the four problems identified constraining game use. The resulting generic forest–water–people games will be the outcome of the project “Scenario evaluation for sustainable agroforestry management through forest-water-people games” (SESAM), for which this article provides a preview.

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COE, RIC, JOYCE NJOLOMA, and FERGUS SINCLAIR. "LOADING THE DICE IN FAVOUR OF THE FARMER: REDUCING THE RISK OF ADOPTING AGRONOMIC INNOVATIONS." Experimental Agriculture 55, S1 (May 31, 2016): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000181.

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SUMMARYAgricultural development projects frequently promote new crop production technologies for adoption at scale on the basis of research and pilot studies in a limited number of contexts. The performance of these production technologies is often variable and dependent on context. Using an example from the Agroforestry for Food Security Project in Malawi, that promoted agroforestry technologies for soil fertility enhancement, we explore the nature and implications of variation in performance across farmers. Mean effects of these technologies, measured by differences in maize yield between agroforestry and sole maize plots, were modest but positive. However, there was large variation in those differences, some explained by altitude, plot management and fertilizer use but with much unexplained. This represents risk to farmers. Those communicating with farmers need to be honest and clear about this risk. It can be reduced by explanation in terms of contextual factors. This should be an aim of research that can often be embedded in scaling up the promotion of agronomic innovations.

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Nyberg, Ylva, Caroline Musee, Emmanuel Wachiye, Mattias Jonsson, Johanna Wetterlind, and Ingrid Öborn. "Effects of Agroforestry and Other Sustainable Practices in the Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project (KACP)." Land 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100389.

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With growing global demand for food, unsustainable farming practices and large greenhouse gas emissions, farming systems need to sequester more carbon than they emit, while also increasing productivity and food production. The Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project (KACP) recruited farmer groups committed to more Sustainable Agricultural Land Management (SALM) practices and provided these groups with initial advisory services on SALM, farm enterprise development and village savings and loan associations. Recommended SALM practices included agroforestry, cover crops, mulching, composting manure, terracing, reduced tillage and water harvesting. The effects of the KACP on the uptake of SALM practices, maize yield, perceived food self-sufficiency and savings during the initial four years were assessed comparing control and project farmers using interviews, field visits and measurements. Farmers participating in the KACP seemed to have increased uptake of most SALM practices and decreased the use of practices to be avoided under the KACP recommendations. Agroforestry and terraces showed positive effects on maize yield. During all four years, the KACP farms had higher maize yield than control farms, but yield differences were similar in 2009 and 2012 and there was no overall significant effect of the KACP. In 2012, the KACP farms had higher food self-sufficiency and tended to have higher monetary savings than control farms.

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Penot, Eric, and Ilahang. "Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: An historical perspective." E3S Web of Conferences 305 (2021): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130502001.

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In 1994 in the Sanggau/Sintang area in West Kalimantan province, most farmers relied mainly on jungle rubber, an old agroforestry system based on rubber seedling with low productivity, low establishment cost and low maintenance but high biomass and biodiversity. Most farmers at that period wanted to have access to clonal rubber planting material in order to improve their productivity (rubber clones do produce 3 times more than seedlings). The CIRAD/ICRAF/IRRI project called SRAP (Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry project) has set-up in 1994 on farm trials with 60 farmers in order to optimize clonal based new RAS according to local conditions and constraints. When SRAP started (1994/2007), the original objectives were multiple: i) to provide clone and high rubber productivity, ii) to maintain agroforestry practices to profit from positive externalities, and iii) to diversify income through timber, fruits, resins (Gaharu, Damar…) and other forest products (rattan, medicinal plants, forest vegetables etc). In 1997, came in the landscape oil palm estates though the very high and rapid development of private concessions. Oil palm became in the 2000’s the main priority for most smallholders. Today, all forest and most local jungle rubber have disappeared to the profit of roughly 2/3 of the area planted with oil palm (estates and smallholder) and 1/3 with clonal rubber for smallholder, either in monoculture or agroforestry. In 2019, CIFOR/FTA program funded a mission to CIRAD to obtain information about the evolution of RAS trials plots evolution in the province of West Kalimantan. The survey provide an idea of the historical and current trend in terms of local farming strategies concerning agroforestry. It raised also the question of clonal planting material availability for replanting and the poor tapping quality that lead to a reduction of the clonal rubber lifespan. Evolution of trials status over the period1994/2019 display the following results: i) Conversion to oil palm (20 %) or to clonal rubber monoculture (20 % mainly in Trimulia in Transdmigration area), ii) with agroforestry systems maintained in RAS 1 or 2 (50 %) and iii) evolution to tembawang at the end of rubber lifespan (10 %). We are back to the same problems faced in 1994: poor access to clonal planting material, no training on tapping frequency and practices but with some knowledge on clones and AF practices. The lessons learned are the following: i) Rubber agroforestry trials came right in time in 1994, with a strong demand from farmers, ii) but oil palm came in 1997 with a very strong pressure from concession companies providing a lucrative alternative to rubber cultivation with full credit (but loss of land) and better return to labor, iii) Interest in agroforestry practices remains high for old men but no interest is witnessed from younger generation, iv) It is now time for rubber replanting but the same old story remains: poor access to planting material), v) no good tapping practices, poor technical information available). These are essential to be able to maximize tree lifespan up to 35 years long.

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FISHER, LAWRENCE, DONALD C. RANSOM, and HOWARD E. TERRY. "The California Family Health Project: VI. Multidomain Analyses." Family Process 32, no. 1 (March 1993): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1993.00049.x.

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Wu, Yunna, Yudong Yan, Shiman Wang, Fangtong Liu, Chuanbo Xu, and Ting Zhang. "Study on location decision framework of agroforestry biomass cogeneration project: A case of China." Biomass and Bioenergy 127 (August 2019): 105289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105289.

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Walangitan, Hengki Djemie. "Forest and Land Rehabilitation Planning Based on Land Capacity of The Lake Tondano Catchment Area." Jurnal Wasian 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v1i2.859.

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This study aims to analyze and develop alternative forest and land rehabilitation based on land capability in catchment area Tondano lake. Inhibiting factors used in the analysis is the ability of land slope, drainage and infiltration rate. The results of the analysis obtained 42 units of land. Approximately 85 % belong to the class I - V and 15 % belong to the class VI-VIII. Furthermore, the proposed three models of forest and land rehabilitation as follows: (1) Sub East catchment area, proposed pattern-based agroforestry clove plants in cultivation area, (2) Sub South catchment area, proposed pattern of farm crops is designed in agroforestry systems so that the health of soil, especially soil organic matter content can be maintained to support sustainable agriculture, (3) Sub West catchment area, proposed pattern integrated farming cattle crops (maize + grass strip + terrace ridges). While in the forest area developed multi purposes forest on all catchment areas.

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Bannister, Michael E., and P. K. R. Nair. "Alley cropping as a sustainable agricultural technology for the hillsides of Haiti: Experience of an agroforestry outreach project." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 5, no. 2 (June 1990): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003283.

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AbstractAlley cropping is a form of hedgerow intercropping where fast-growing leguminous trees are planted at dense within-row spacing, with agricultural crops planted between the hedgerows. This agroforestry technology, with the hedgerows planted on the contour across the slope, appears promising for small farmers on the hittslopes of Haiti An agroforestry outreach project operating in Haiti since 1981 has helped thousands of farmers plant hedgerows on their farms. The farmers are increasingly accepting the technology: the length of hedgerows planted by the farmers in the project area increased from 11 lineal km in 1987 to 140 lineal km in 1988. An evaluation of 50 farms where hedgerows had been installed shows that this technology results in soil conservation and microsite enrichment between hedgerows; the hedgerows also provide fodder and fuelwood. However, refinements are needed in technical aspects of hedgerow management, such as planting configurations, pruning regime, and choice of species. Moreover, soil and plant parameters as well as socioeconomic characteristics must be monitored in a systematic way in order to assess the impact of hedgerow intercropping on the sustainability of Haitian farming systems.

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DUMONT, EMILIE SMITH, SUBIRA BONHOMME, TIMOTHY F. PAGELLA, and FERGUS LLOYD SINCLAIR. "STRUCTURED STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF MORE DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE AGROFORESTRY OPTIONS." Experimental Agriculture 55, S1 (January 30, 2017): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000788.

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SUMMARYThere is a lot of interest in the contribution that agroforestry can make to reverse land degradation and create resilient multifunctional landscapes that provide a range of socio-economic benefits. The agroforestry research agenda has been characterized by approaches that promote a few priority tree species, within a restricted set of technological packages. These have often not spread widely beyond project sites, because they fail to take account of fine scale variation in farmer circumstances. New methods are needed to generate diverse sets of agroforestry options that can reconcile production and conservation objectives and embrace varying local conditions across large scaling domains. Here, we document a novel approach that couples local knowledge acquisition with structured stakeholder engagement to build an inclusive way of designing agroforestry options. We applied this approach in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where armed conflict, erratic governance and poverty have resulted in severe pressure on forests in the Virunga National Park, a global biodiversity hotspot. Around the park, natural resources and land are severely degraded, whereas most reforestation interventions have consisted of exotic monocultures dominated by Eucalyptus species grown as energy or timber woodlots mainly by male farmers with sufficient land to allocate some exclusively to trees. We found that structured stakeholder engagement led to a quick identification of a much greater diversity of trees (more than 70 species) to be recommended for use within varied field, farm and landscape niches, serving the interests of a much greater diversity of people, including women and marginalized groups. The process also identified key interventions to improve the enabling environment required to scale up the adoption of agroforestry. These included improving access to quality tree planting material, capacity strengthening within the largely non-governmental extension system, and collective action to support value capture from agroforestry products, through processing and market interventions. Integrating local and global scientific knowledge, coupled with facilitating broad-based stakeholder participation, resulted in shifting from reliance on a few priority tree species to promoting tree diversity across the Virunga landscape that could underpin more productive and resilient livelihoods. The approach is relevant for scaling up agroforestry more generally.

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Abegg, Christoph, Jules Bayala, Mamounata Belem, and Antoine Kalinganire. "Facteurs socio-économiques influençant la biodiversité ligneuse des parcs agroforestiers de deux villages du plateau central du Burkina Faso | Influence of socioeconomic factors on the biodiversity of woody species in agroforestry parkland systems: A case study in two villages in the central plateau of Burkina Faso." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 157, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2006.0017.

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Agroforestry parklands face strong pressure from the increasing population of the region. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF Sahel) started a biodiversity project with the objective of developing methods to conserve biodiversity and to improve the situation of the poor rural population. In this context the present study examined the influence of land use unit and the prosperity classes of farmers on the biodiversity of woody species. A wealth ranking classification was carried out and applied to the households of two villages in the central plateau of Burkina Faso using the "Participatory Analysis of Poverty and Livelihood Dynamics" (PAPoLD) method. Thirty farmers of different prosperity classes were chosen and inventories carried out on their different land use units. Statistical analyses show an increase in biodiversity from the village housings. However, no significant influence on biodiversity was observed in connection with a farmer's prosperity class.

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Chaiyarat, Rattanawat, Sirikorn Sripho, and Surapol Ardsungnoen. "Small mammal diversity in agroforestry area and other plantations of Doi Tung Development Project, Thailand." Agroforestry Systems 94, no. 6 (August 18, 2020): 2099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00529-y.

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Roy, Indrajit, and Arifur Rahman Siddique. "Involving People in Agroforestry: The Experience of the Village and Farm Forestry Project in Bangladesh." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 7, no. 2 (December 1997): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119970209.

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Coppola, G., P. B. Stetson, M. Marconi, G. Bono, V. Ripepi, M. Fabrizio, M. Dall'Ora, et al. "THE CARINA PROJECT. VI. THE HELIUM-BURNING VARIABLE STARS." Astrophysical Journal 775, no. 1 (August 28, 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/775/1/6.

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Kuo, C. Y., J. A. Braatz, K. Y. Lo, M. J. Reid, S. H. Suyu, D. W. Pesce, J. J. Condon, C. Henkel, and C. M. V. Impellizzeri. "THE MEGAMASER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. VI. OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 6323." Astrophysical Journal 800, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/800/1/26.

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Yanarita, Yanarita, and Johanna R. Rotinsulu. "AGROFORESTRY TECHNIQUES ON PEATLAND IN SABARU VILLAGE, PALANGKARAYA." TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v2i3.32.

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Central Kalimantan with an area of 15,356,400 hectares have the degraded area of 4,636,890 hectares, some of which are peatlands. Peatlands are different from mineral lands or other organic lands. The chemical properties and characteristics of the peat including high acidity, low nutrient availability, and level of pyrite or sulfur should become the critical concerns for the success of land rehabilitation. One of the rehabilitation measures for degraded peatlands is by carrying out agroforestry techniques, the cropping patterns combining forest and agricultural crops that are mutually synergistic, with the goal of timber production in the long-term and crop production in the short term to meet the daily needs. The community development on agroforestry techniques on peatland in Sabaru Village, Palangkaraya, is one way to provide the insight to public to use lands to increase their income while improving and increasing the land productivity. The methods used in the agroforestry techniques in the village were the extension and training. The selected forest crop was meranti (Shorea Belangeran) and the perennial crops were petai (Parkia speciosa), mango (Mangifera indica) and rambutan (Niphelium lappaceum), while the agricultural crops were okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), and the versatile crops turmeric (Curcuma domestica), lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus), red ginger (Zingiber officinale Var. Rubrum Rhizoma), and kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.). The extension was performed by introducing the types of forest and agricultural crops, land preparation, planting techniques, and maintenance. The training was conducted by carrying out direct practices of agroforestry techniques, which created a pilot project on an area of 0.5 hectares. After 5 months, the results showed that Shorea Belangeran and Parkia speciosa had the growth percentage of 90%. Although the agricultural and versatile crops grew well, they were used only for everyday purposes.

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Oh, Sam Un, Eun-Hee Kim, Kyoung-Min Kim, and Myung-Kil Kim. "A Study on the Application of Successful Forest Greening Experience for Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Comparative Study of Two Koreas." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 8712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208712.

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This study examined the development, direction, and characteristics of the North Korean forest restoration policy when compared to similar restoration policies established in South Korea. The success factors of South Korea’s Forest Conservation and Afforestation Project were classified into four forest policy categories: (a) policy and system improvement, (b) evaluation and capacity building, (c) people’s participation encouragement, and (d) restoration foundation creation. Similarities in terms of these aspects were found when compared with the Forest Restoration Battle of North Korea. For policy and system improvement, South Korea established the 1st and 2nd Forest Conservation and Afforestation Plans and transferred the control of the Korea Forest Service to its Ministry of Home Affairs. Similarly, North Korea established a forest development plan and a command unit for the Forest Restoration Battle. For evaluation and capacity building, South Korea utilized a tree monitoring and forestry association. North Korea is obtaining these effects through both a socialist competition movement and agroforestry. Further, South Korea aimed to promote people’s participation through a nursery project, a tree planting movement, and a responsible afforestation system, whereas North Korea adopted agroforestry, a patriotic forest movement, and a responsible forest system. Finally, South Korea succeeded in replacing forest fuels with fossil fuels, clearing slash-and-burn fields, and performing erosion control. By comparison, North Korea is promoting the development of replacement fuels, such as ultra-high-grade anthracite coal and the formation of separate firewood forests. North Korea has revised its forest law to strengthen penalties for deforestation activities, such as anthropogenic forest fires, and replaced erosion control works with agroforestry, which allows for slope management. Among the four aspects, the largest difference was found for restoration foundation creation. Therefore, this area can provide a guideline for future inter-Korean forest cooperation.

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Johnson, James M. "Participatory geographic information systems use in Copan Ruinas, Honduras: the development and evaluation of an environmental restoration public participatory Geographic Information System project." Revista Geográfica de América Central 3, no. 61E (November 26, 2018): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.61-3.26.

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Sustainable development is the challenge of the 21st century, and public administration will play a part in finding new ways of meeting human needs within the constraints of natural resource systems. The nature of sustainable development has led to expanded forms of governance and new partnerships among non-governmental organizations (NGOs), non-profits, and governments at all levels. This paper examines a participatory geographic information system project being developed in Copan Ruinas, Honduras and its effect on the community stakeholders. pecifically, the participatory geographic information system project will focus on the development of a geodatabase and usable maps that integrate: small-scale (less than five hectares on average) agroforestry projects, and highland habitat restoration projects. During this research, we will focus on the geographic information system project, public participation and how the project meets the standards of the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) pillars of participation and core values.

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MAYUZUMI, Yoko, Takeshi MIZUNOYA, and Yoshiro HIGANO. "Difference of the Consciousness between Beneficiaries and Supporters for the Agroforestry Project in International Supporting Activity." Studies in Regional Science 47, no. 2 (2017): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.47.255.

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Bautista, Manuel A., Sultana N. Nahar, Jianfang Peng, Anil K. Pradhan, and Hong Lin Zhang. "The Iron Project: Atomic Data for Fe I-Fe VI." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 152 (1996): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100036563.

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Recent progress in large scale computations of photoionization cross sections, radiative transitions probabilities, and collision strengths for the lowest ionization stages of Iron, i.e., Fe I-VI, are reported. These results are part of an international collaboration called the IRON Project. The present results exhibit large differences with respect to data currently in use and is expected to be of importance in the study of astrophysical objects in the UV and the EUV.

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Watts, John Daniel, Vilaphong Kanyasone, and Vongvilay Vongkhamsao. "Pathways to Participatory Landscape Governance in Northern Laos." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 2, no. 3 (July 2010): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2010070102.

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The Landscape Mosaics Project is a global research project coordinated by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and funded by the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC). The project examines biodiversity in tropical, forested, multifunctional landscapes in sites adjacent to protected areas. A key thematic component of its research examines the governance of landscapes, and by using a Participatory Action Research approach, the project aspires to facilitate better landscape governance through improved communication between village and landscape level actors. This article examines the initial experiences of the project in its Northern Lao site, located in Vieng Kham District, Luang Prabang Province. The authors describe how the lack of access to information communication technologies have inhibited local actors levels of participation in landscape level governance as well as affected their abilities to effectively and adaptively manage their landscape. Community radio, that provides local actors with the relevant information for more substantially participating in landscape governance as well as information useful for adaptive management, is proposed as one potential solution for improving participatory landscape governance.

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Guenser, Josépha, Emilie Bourgade, Marc Vergnes, Thierry Dufourcq, and Séverine Mary. "Assessment of biodiversity and agronomic parameters in two Agroforestry vineyards." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001013.

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Sustainability of agricultural production systems is nowadays considered as a major challenge to face. Viticulture is particularly affected by environmental issues, especially because of its consumption in pesticides. Besides, the social demand in environment-friendly products is increasing, and the reputation of wines produced under Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) is also built on the specificity of natural characteristics and resources such as soil, which has to be preserved. Biodiversity loss is largely admitted among the scientific community, and landscape simplification is known as a major driver in this process. Agroforestry, which combines trees with crops, could be a seducing response to biodiversity loss in agro-ecosystems, but the possibility of negative interactions between trees and vines (competition for water, nutrients, light) has to be considered. The Vitiforest project aims to assess south west of France agroforestry vineyard plots by spatializing different parameters in the domain of agronomy, ecology, micro-climate and economy. Field measurements were undertaken at different distances from the intercropped lines of trees in two agroforestry vineyard plots, in order to test potential effects of the trees. Arthropods were collected periodically with pitfall traps (for ground-dwelling individuals) and with D-vac system (aspiration of vine leaves). Pest insects (Empoasca vitis) were collected by specific yellow sticky traps. Data collected to describe biodiversity in these agroforestry systems was total arthropods abundances, abundances per order, carabidae richness and abundances. Nitrogen status was assessed by using Greenseeker® device, through the NDVI index. Our observations show that intercropped trees have no direct effects on vine nutrition. Slight effects on pests insects repartition were found, but these effects are inconstant according to experimental site and year of observation. The same trend is observed for arthropods abundances in the plots.

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Supriadi, Dhanang, Rafael M. Osok, and Silwanus M. Talakua. "PENETAPAN KELAS KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DAS WAE BATU MERAH KOTA AMBON PROVINSI MALUKU." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 13, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2017.13.1.17.

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A research had been held from July till October 2016 in Wae Batu Merah Watershed, at Ambon City Maluku, Maluku Province with area covered 685,14 ha including in the area of Batu Merah Village and a part of Soya Village. The aim of the research were to: 1) determine land capability class; 2) determine land capability class with different topographyc classes, soil types and land use types; and 3) determine land use direction corresponding to each land capability class. The research method was a survey method with a pattern of synthetic and analytical approach using a flexible range of observation following the change in shape of physiography and land use. The results showed that: 1) The Wae Batu Merah Watershed has 6 land capability classes, i.e class II, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, 2) Based on the different topography classses, soil types, and land use types it was found that land capability class with limiting factors were influenced of the three, 3) The direction of land use in the Wae Batu Merah Watershed were: intensive, middle and limited agricultural with agroforestry system, middle and limited pastural with agroforestry system, protected forest area, forest, resettlement cropping, biopore, and organic matter.

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Sember, Robert. "RE: ASSEMBLY: Notes on a long-term school-based art project." Visual Inquiry 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/vi.6.2.231_1.

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Tachi, Susumu, Yasuyuki Inoue, and Fumihiro Kato. "TELESAR VI: Telexistence Surrogate Anthropomorphic Robot VI." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 17, no. 05 (October 2020): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984362050019x.

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Telexistence refers to the general technology that allows humans to experience the real-time sensation of being in another place, interacting with a remote environment, which may be real, virtual, or a combination of both. It also refers to an advanced type of teleoperation system that allows an operator behind the controls to perform remote tasks dexterously with the feeling of being in a surrogate robot working in a remote environment. Telexistence in a real environment through a virtual environment is also possible. The concept was originally proposed by the first author in 1980, and its feasibility has been demonstrated through the construction of alter-ego robot systems called Telexistence Surrogate Anthropomorphic Robot (TELESAR) I–V. TELESAR VI is a newly developed telexistence platform for the ACCEL Embodied Media Project. It was designed and implemented with a mechanically unconstrained full-body master cockpit and a 67 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) anthropomorphic avatar robot. The avatar robot can operate in a sitting position since the main area of operation is intended to be manipulation and gestural. The system provides a full-body experience of our extended “body schema,” which allows users to maintain an up-to-date representation in space of the positions of their different body parts, including their head, torso, arms, hands, and legs. All ten fingers of the avatar robot are equipped with force, vibration, and temperature sensors and can faithfully transmit these elements of haptic information. Thus, the combined use of the robot and audiovisual information actualizes the remote sense of existence, as if the users physically existed there, with the avatar robot serving as their new body. With this experience, users can perform tasks dexterously and feel the robot’s body as their own, which provides the most simple and fundamental experience of a remote existence.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The VI Agroforestry Project'

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