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1
HO, CHARLOTTE YUK-FAN, TAI-CHIU HSUNG, DANIEL PAK-KONG LUN, BINGO WING-KUEN LING, PETER KWONG-SHUN TAM, and WAN-CHI SIU. "REGULARITY SCALABLE IMAGE CODING BASED ON WAVELET SINGULARITY DETECTION." International Journal of Image and Graphics 08, no. 01 (January 2008): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467808003003.
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In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm for scalable wavelet image coding, which is based on the general feature, the regularity, of images. In pattern recognition or computer vision, regularity of images is estimated from the oriented wavelet coefficients and quantified by the Lipschitz exponents. To estimate the Lipschitz exponents, evaluating the interscale evolution of the wavelet transform modulus sum (WTMS) over the directional cone of influence was proven to be a better approach than tracing the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM). This is because the irregular sampling nature of the WTMM complicates the reconstruction process. Moreover, examples were found to show that the WTMM representation cannot uniquely characterize a signal. It implies that the reconstruction of signal from its WTMM may not be consistently stable. Furthermore, the WTMM approach requires much more computational effort. Therefore, we use the WTMS approach to estimate the regularity of images from the separable wavelet transformed coefficients. Since we do not concern about the localization issue, we allow the decimation to occur when we evaluate the interscale evolution. After the regularity is estimated, this information is utilized in our proposed adaptive regularity scalable wavelet image coding algorithm. This algorithm can be simply embedded into any wavelet image coders, so it is compatible with the existing scalable coding techniques, such as the resolution scalable and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scalable coding techniques, without changing the bitstream format, but provides more scalable levels with higher peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNRs) and lower bit rates. In comparison to the other feature-based wavelet scalable coding algorithms, the proposed algorithm outperforms them in terms of visual perception, computational complexity and coding efficiency.
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Apriliyanti. "INTERAKSIONISME SIMBOLIK ANTARA STAF HUMAS PEMERINTAH DENGAN “WARTAWAN TANPA MEDIA MASSA”." KOMVERSAL 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38204/komversal.v2i2.131.
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Wartawan atau insan pers yang jujur dan bersih, jumlahnya kini sangat banyak di berbagai kawasan di tanah air. Wartawan memiliki tanggung jawab moral terhadap media tempat mereka bernaung dan lebih luas lagi terhadap khalayak atau publik. Humas sebagai mitranya harus selalu siap menjawab pertanyaan dan memenuhi permintaan wartawan akan fakta-fakta penting yang berhubungan dengan kepentingan masyarakat, yang pasti sangat beraneka.
Dalam penelitian ini, istilah yang akan digunakan untuk menyebut “wartawan” semacam ini adalah “Wartawan Tanpa Media Massa (WTMM)”. Adanya pemberian “amplop” dan uang THR bagi “WTMM” yang meliput di kantor Pemprov Jabar merupakan tanda tanya besar yang perlu segera ditindak lanjuti. Di satu sisi, organisasi kewartawanan seperti PWI berjuang keras untuk mampu memberantas keberadaan “WTMM”.
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Tiwari, B. R., J. Xu, B. Adhikari, and N. P. Chapagain. "Multifractal analysis for seismic wave in Kathmandu valley after Gorkha Earthquake-2015, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v6i2.34866.
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We applied the multiscale signal processing technique, the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) to characterize high frequency properties of strong motion waveforms, in particular the temporal distribution and strength of singularities in Gorkha earthquake, 25th April 2015. We first explored their relation to earthquake data source. Then we applied the WTMM analysis to strong motion recordings. These showed that the timing and exponent of singularities measured by the WTMM method on the ground motion wave field are directly related to the position and exponent of assumed initial stress singularities on the fault plane. We found strong motion recordings at near the epicenter site have very high multifractality than far sites. Some differences and similarities among sites were successfully detected.
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Ohashi, K., G. Bleijenberg, S. Werf, J. Prins, L. A. N. Amaral, B. H. Natelson, and Y. Yamamoto. "Decreased Fractal Correlation in Diurnal Physical Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Methods of Information in Medicine 43, no. 01 (2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633418.
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Summary Objectives: Our objectives were to study the temporal correlation of physical activity time series in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) during normal daily life and to examine if it could identify the altered physical activity in these patients. Methods: Fractal scaling exponents of diurnal and nocturnal physical activity time series in 10 CFS patients and 6 healthy control subjects (CON) were calculated by the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. We hypo-thesized that, due to their illness- and/or fatigue-induced resting episodes, altered physical activity patterns in CFS patients might be observed at the interruption of activity bursts. Thus, we further developed a new method, the wavelet transform negative modulus maxima (WTNMM) method, which could evaluate the temporal correlation at the interruption of activities. We compared the fractal scaling exponents for CFS and CON by each method. Results: Both for CFS and CON, we found the fractal time structures in their diurnal physical activity records for at least up to 35 minutes. No group difference was found in nocturnal activities. The WTNMM method revealed that, in diurnal activities, CFS patients had significantly (p <0.01) smaller fractal scaling exponent (0.87 ± 0.03) compared to controls (1.01 ± 0.03). Such a difference was identified neither by the DFA nor WTMM method. Conclusions: CFS patients had more abrupt interruptions of voluntary physical activity during diurnal periods in normal daily life, probed by the decreased correlation in the negative modulus maxima of the wavelet-transformed activity data, possibly due to their exaggerated fatigue.
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Kestener, Pierre, Jean Marc Lina, Philippe Saint-Jean, and Alain Arneodo. "WAVELET-BASED MULTIFRACTAL FORMALISM TO ASSIST IN DIAGNOSIS IN DIGITIZED MAMMOGRAMS." Image Analysis & Stereology 20, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v20.p169-174.
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We apply the 2D wavelet transform (WTMM) method to perform a multifractal analysis of digitized mammograms. We show that normal regions display monofractal scaling properties as characterized by the socalled Hurst exponent H =0.3±0.1 in fatty areas which look like antipersistent self-similar random surfaces, while H=0.65±0.1 in dense areas which exibit long-range correlations and possibly multifractal scaling properties. We further demonstrate that the 2D WTMM method provides a very efficient way to detect tumors as well as microcalcifications (MC) which correspond to much stronger singularities than those involved in the background tissue roughness fluctuations. These preliminary results indicate that the texture discriminatory power of the 2D WTMM method may lead to significant improvement in computer-assisted diagnosis in digitized mammograms.
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YALAMOVA, ROSSITSA. "EMPIRICAL TESTING OF MULTIFRACTALITY OF FINANCIAL TIME SERIES BASED ON WTMM." Fractals 17, no. 03 (September 2009): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x09004508.
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The multifractal spectrum calculated with wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) provides information on the higher moments of market returns distribution and the multiplicative cascade of volatilities. This paper applies a wavelet based methodology for calculation of the multifractal spectrum of financial time series. WTMM methodology provides a better measure of risk changes compared to the structure function approach. It is well founded in applied mathematics and physics with little popularity among finance researchers.
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Bolzan, M. J. A., and R. R. Rosa. "Multifractal analysis of interplanetary magnetic field obtained during CME events." Annales Geophysicae 30, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1107-2012.
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Abstract. In this paper, we have analyzed the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) obtained by ACE satellite during the coronal mass ejection events. The characterization of the IMF fluctuations was performed using the singular power spectra deviations obtained from a wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) approach. The results suggest the existence of different multifractal processes driving the intermittency during and after the CME events on the IMF time series. The characteristic time scales found, using the WTMM, and possible related physical mechanisms are discussed in the context of nonlinear interplanetary magnetic field response.
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Homborg, A. M., P. J. Oonincx, and J. M. C. Mol. "Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima and Holder Exponents Combined with Transient Detection for the Differentiation of Pitting Corrosion Using Electrochemical Noise." Corrosion 74, no. 9 (April 25, 2018): 1001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2788.
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A potentially powerful tool to detect and classify corrosion mechanisms is the analysis of electrochemical noise (EN). Data analysis in the time-frequency domain using, e.g., continuous wavelet transform (CWT) allows the extraction of localized frequency information, providing information on the type of corrosion, i.e., uniform or localized corrosion, from the EN signal. The CWT provides the opportunity to analyze changes in frequency behavior of EN signals over time. In the presence of transients generated by pitting corrosion that occur only during short instants of time, this is an important property. This paper introduces the combination of automated transient detection with wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) and the Holder exponent. WTMM enhances the determination of transient frequencies by indicating the ridges of a CWT spectrum. The Holder exponent, a measure of singularity of an EN signal, provides a single parameter discrimination tool based on WTMM and serves to differentiate between general corrosion and two types of pitting corrosion of stainless steel Type 304 exposed to aqueous HCl solutions of different concentrations and as such at different pH values.
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Ching, Jianye, Jiun-Shiang Wang, C. Hsein Juang, and Chih-Sheng Ku. "Cone penetration test (CPT)-based stratigraphic profiling using the wavelet transform modulus maxima method." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 12 (December 2015): 1993–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0027.
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In this paper, a stratigraphic profiling approach is proposed based on the soil behavior type index, Ic, obtained from the cone penetration test (CPT). The basic idea of this approach is simple: the layer boundaries can be identified as the points at which a change occurs in the Ic profile. It is shown that these change points can be easily identified using the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. This method is able to accurately pinpoint the locations of change points in the Ic profile and to produce graphs and plots that fit well with engineers’ methods of visualization and intuition. Moreover, by virtue of the fast Fourier transform, the computation is very fast. Case studies show that the WTMM method is effective for the detection of change points in the Ic profile. It is also capable of detecting thin soil layers.
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Devi, K. R., and Herb Schwab. "High-resolution seismic signals from band-limited data using scaling laws of wavelet transforms." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 2 (March 2009): WA143—WA152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3077622.
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Time-scale spectra, obtained from seismic data wavelet transforms, are useful in analyzing local scaling properties of seismic signals. In particular, the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) spectra, obtained by following the local extrema of wavelet transforms along a constant phase line, describe characteristics of discontinuities such as interfaces. They also show a smooth behavior as a function of scale and thus allow us to derive local scaling laws. We use scaling behavior of WTMM spectra to enhance the bandwidth of seismic data. An analysis of well-log scaling behaviors and the seismic data shows that, whereas the WTMM spectrum of well logs at each interface exhibits a power-law behavior as a function of scale, the corresponding seismic signal spectrum shows a more complicated behavior, arising from seismic wavelet effects. Under the assumption that local well-log power-law behavior holds in general, a scaling law for seismic signals can be derived in terms of parameters that describe subsurface scaling effects and the seismic wavelet. A stable estimation of these parameters can be carried out simultaneously, as a function of time and over the seismic bandwidth, using the modified scaling law. No well-log information is needed to derive the seismic wavelet. Then wavelet transforms can be corrected for seismic wavelet effects and a high-resolution signal reconstructed. This reconstructed high-resolution signal can be used to map features that might not be obvious in the original seismic data, such as small faults, fractures, and fine-scale variations within channel margins.
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Gu, Quan, Chang Zheng Chen, Xiang Jun Kong, Xian Ming Sun, Bo Zhou, and Yan Ling Gu. "Fault Diagnosis of the Wind Turbine Main Bearing through Multifractal Theory." Advanced Materials Research 644 (January 2013): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.644.337.
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Because the vibration signals of faulty wind turbine are non-linear and non-stationary, to obtain the obvious fault features become difficult. In this study, the incipient fault of the main bearing used in large scale wind turbine is studied by using a multifractal method based on the Wavelet Modulus Maxima (WTMM) method. The real vibration signals from the main bearings are analyzed using the multifractal spectrum. The spectrum of the vibration signals is quantified by spectral characteristics including its range and the Hölder exponent corresponding to the maximum dimension. The results show that the range of Hölder exponent of the main bearing which worked normally is much narrower. While the ranges of the vibration signals of the main bearing with incipient fault are wider. We also found that the fault features are different at various wind turbine rotational frequencies. Those demonstrate that the incipient fault features of main bearing of large scale wind turbine can be extract effectively using the multifractal spectrum obtained from WTMM method.
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Gondran, Michel, Abdelouahab Kenoufi, and Thierry Lehner. "Multi-fractal Analysis for Riemann Serie and Mandelbrot Binomial Measure with (min,+)-Wavelets." TEMA (São Carlos) 17, no. 2 (September 4, 2016): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/tema.2016.017.02.0247.
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One introduces first the so-called (min, +)-wavelets which are lower and upper hulls build from (min, +) analysis in order to perform multi-fractal analysis. In a second step it is applied to functions such as the Riemann serie and binomial Mandelbrot measure for numerical computations of their singularities spectrum, and comparisons with well-known theoretical and to WTMM method results.
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Pei, Xiangyu, Guangfu Tang, and Shengmei Zhang. "A Novel Pilot Protection Principle Based on Modulus Traveling-Wave Currents for Voltage-Sourced Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) Transmission Lines." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092395.
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Protection for transmission lines is one of crucial problems that urgently to be solved in constructing the future high-voltage and large-capacity voltage-sourced converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems. In order to prevent the DC line fault from deteriorating further due to the failure of main protection, a novel pilot protection principle for VSC-HVDC transmission lines is proposed in this paper. The proposed protection principle is based on characteristics of modulus traveling-wave (TW) currents. Firstly, the protection starting-up criterion is constructed by using the absolute value of the 1-mode TW current gradient. Secondly, the fault section identification is realized by comparing the polarities of wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) of 1-mode initial TW currents acquired from both terminals of the DC line. Then, the selection of fault line is actualized according to the polarity of WTMM of local 0-mode initial reverse TW current. A four-terminal VSC-based DC grid electromagnetic transient model based on the actual engineering parameters is built to assess the performance of the proposed pilot protection principle. Simulation results for different cases prove that the proposed pilot protection principle is excellent in reliability, selectivity, and robustness. Moreover, the data synchronization is not required seriously. Therefore, the proposed novel pilot protection principle can be used as a relatively perfect backup protection for VSC-HVDC transmission lines.
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NICOLLET, M., A. LEMARCHAND, and N. CAVACIUTI. "DETECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE BY MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS USING WAVELETS." Fractals 12, no. 02 (June 2004): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x04002458.
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We study the singularities of a temperature profile obtained by means of balloon measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The data give the evolution of the temperature as the altitude of the probe increases. We compare the scaling exponents deduced from the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) method and the structure function method. In the lower stratosphere, the variations in the multifractal properties with the altitude deduced from wavelets allow us to detect thin layers of about 200 m depth exhibiting atmospheric turbulence.
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STRUZIK, ZBIGNIEW R. "DETERMINING LOCAL SINGULARITY STRENGTHS AND THEIR SPECTRA WITH THE WAVELET TRANSFORM." Fractals 08, no. 02 (June 2000): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x00000184.
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We present a robust method of estimating the effective strength of singularities (the effective Hölder exponent) locally at an arbitrary resolution. The method is motivated by the multiplicative cascade paradigm, and implemented on the hierarchy of singularities revealed with the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) tree. In addition, we illustrate the direct estimation of the scaling spectrum of the effective singularity strength, and we link it to the established partition function-based multifractal formalism. We motivate both the local and the global multifractal analysis by showing examples of computer-generated and real-life time series.
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Ye, Lei, Yuan Chao Song, Cheng Huang Li, and Ling Wu. "A Single-End Method for Fault Section Estimation in Distribution Network Using Wavelets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.208.
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The paper presents a method for identify fault section in distribution network, which uses the traveling wave data recorded at the substation only. After modal transformation, the aerial mode component is in stable velocity and low attenuation and utilized in the method. Compared to the first wave head, subsequent wave heads of aerial mode component have some particular characteristics with time delay and wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) ratio. The number of characteristic wave heads (CWHs) which are judged by characteristic time delays (CTDs) is the criteria to identify the fault section. The simulation results verify that the method has high accuracy.
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Gao, Xiang Sheng, Yi Du Zhang, and Qiong Wu. "Dynamic Optimization of the Spindle-Cutter Coupling System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.17.
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A dynamic model of the spindle-cutter coupling system is established including the gyroscopic effects and shear deformation. Dynamic characteristic of the system is analyzed by utilizing the whole transfer matrix method (WTMM) based on the Riccati transformation, and strain energy distribution of the system is estimated. Dynamic characteristic of the system is optimized by univariate search technique. And optimal path in the system optimization is provided. According to the optimal path, a method of local mode elimination by decreasing stickout length of the milling cutter is proposed. The calculation results indicate that preload level of front bearing and rear bearing is the key factor of dynamic optimization after local mode elimination.
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Mosdorf, Romuald, Tomasz Wyszkowski, and Kamil Dąbrowski. "Multifractal properties of large bubble paths in a single bubble column." Archives of Thermodynamics 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0001-9.
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Multifractal properties of large bubble paths in a single bubble columnIn the paper the paths of bubbles emitted from the brass nozzle with inner diameter equal to 1.6 mm have been analyzed. The mean frequency of bubble departure was in the range from 2 to 65.1 Hz. Bubble paths have been recorded using a high speed camera. The image analysis technique has been used to obtain the bubble paths for different mean frequencies of bubble departures. The multifractal analysis (WTMM - wavelet transform modulus maxima methodology) has been used to investigate the properties of bubble paths. It has been shown that bubble paths are the multifractals and the influence of previously departing bubbles on bubble trajectory is significant for bubble departure frequencyfb> 30 Hz.
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AOUIT, D. AIT, and A. OUAHABI. "NONLINEAR FRACTURE SIGNAL ANALYSIS USING MULTIFRACTAL APPROACH COMBINED WITH WAVELETS." Fractals 19, no. 02 (June 2011): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x11005270.
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Based on the continuous Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method (WTMM), a multifractal analysis was introduced to discriminate the irregular fracture signals of materials. This method provides an efficient numerical technique to characterize statistically the local regularity of fractures. The results obtained by this nonlinear analysis suggest that multifractal parameters such as the capacity dimension D0, the average singularity strength α0, the aperture of the left side (α0 - α min ) and the total width (α max - α min ) of the D(α) spectra allow a better fit for the characterization of the different fracture stages. Discriminating the three principal stages of the fracture namely the fracture initiation, the fracture propagation and the final rupture, provides a powerful diagnostic tool to identify the crack initiation site, and thus delineates the causes of the cracking of the material.
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Yordanova, E., M. Grzesiak, A. W. Wernik, B. Popielawska, and K. Stasiewicz. "Multifractal structure of turbulence in the magnetospheric cusp." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 7 (July 14, 2004): 2431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-2431-2004.
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Abstract. Magnetospheric cusps are regions which are characterized by highly turbulent plasma. We have used Polar magnetic field data to study the structure of turbulence in the cusp region. The wavelet transform modulus maxima method (WTMM) has been applied to estimate the scaling exponent of the partition function and singularity spectra. Their features are similar to those found in the nonlinear multifractal systems. We have found that the scaling exponent does not allow one to conclude which intermittency model fits the experiment better. However, the singularity spectra reveal that different models can be ascribed to turbulence observed under various IMF conditions. For northward IMF conditions the turbulence is consistent with the multifractal p-model of fully developed fluid turbulence. For southward IMF experimental data agree with the model of non-fully developed Kolmogorov-like fluid turbulence.
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Tjirkallis, Andreas, Andreas Kyprianou, and George Vessiaris. "Structural Health Monitoring under Varying Environmental Conditions Using Wavelets." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 1218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.1218.
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A novel structural health monitoring system to detect damages in structures under varying operational and environmental conditions is presented in this paper. A noncontact, full-field measurement using a high speed camera offers a convenient and less expensive measurement procedure, enabling the measuring of responses in elevated temperatures and in conditions where contact sensors are unable to be used. In this paper, a combination of Decay lines of the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) and Holder Exponent (HE) are used to distinguish changes on the time response of a vibrating structure due to the operational and environmental variations to changes due to the presence of damage, thus minimising the possibility of false alarm. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a 3-DOF system under conditions of varying and constant temperatures with the presence of damage, as well as using an experimental setup of a cantilever beam under intact and damaged conditions.
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JIANG, HUIQIN, LING MA, HONGYU JIANG, and AKIRA RINOSHIKA. "APPLICATION OF WAVELET-BASED SINGULARITY DETECTION TECHNIQUE IN AUTOMATIC INSPECTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 04, no. 02 (June 2006): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691306001245.
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This paper describes an application of the wavelet transform in in-line solder paste inspection. In the development of a three-dimensional (3D) automatic inspection device of solder paste, it is necessary to detect the characteristic positions in images. In this paper, on the basis of the property of local wavelet transform modulus maximum (WTMM) and the deference filter, a practical algorithm is proposed for the detection of the characteristic positions. The proposed algorithm is applied to more than 20 actual images obtained from the 3D automatic inspection device. The detected errors are smaller than the maximum permissible error of 5 pixels. Also, the proposed algorithm is verified in-line. The experimental results show that the quality of solder paste can be successfully judged in-line. The proposed algorithm is superior to other possible techniques reported so far because of its implementation in assembly lines.
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Duong, Tin Quoc Chanh, Dau Hieu Duong, and Tan Minh Nguyen. "Identification of magnetic anomalies of adjacent sourses using the wavelet transform modulus maxima and scale normalization." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, no. 6 (December 8, 2018): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1i6.637.
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In the potential field inverse problems, accurate determination of the location for the anomaly sources and their properties played an important role. For geomagnetic anomalies of adjacent sources, they always superimpose upon each other not only in the spatial domain but also in the frequency domain, making the identification of these sources significantly problematic. In this paper, a new mother wavelet for effective analysis the properties of the close potential field sources was used. By theoretical modeling, using the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method, we set up a correlative function between the scale parameter and geomagnetic source depth. Moreover, a scale normalization on the wavelet coefficients was introduced to enhancethe resolution for the separation of these sources in the scalograms, thereby determining their depth. After verifying the reliability of the proposed method on the modeling data, we have analysed the geomagnetic data in the Mekong delta. The results of this interpretation were consistency with previously published ones, furthermore, the level of resolution for this technique was quite coincidental with other methods using different geological data.
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Holdsworth, Amber M., Nicholas K. R. Kevlahan, and David J. D. Earn. "Multifractal signatures of infectious diseases." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 74 (March 22, 2012): 2167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0886.
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Incidence of infection time-series data for the childhood diseases measles, chicken pox, rubella and whooping cough are described in the language of multifractals. We explore the potential of using the wavelet transform maximum modulus (WTMM) method to characterize the multiscale structure of the observed time series and of simulated data generated by the stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) epidemic model. The singularity spectra of the observed time series suggest that each disease is characterized by a unique multifractal signature, which distinguishes that particular disease from the others. The wavelet scaling functions confirm that the time series of measles, rubella and whooping cough are clearly multifractal, while chicken pox has a more monofractal structure in time. The stochastic SEIR epidemic model is unable to reproduce the qualitative singularity structure of the reported incidence data: it is too smooth and does not appear to have a multifractal singularity structure. The precise reasons for the failure of the SEIR epidemic model to reproduce the correct multiscale structure of the reported incidence data remain unclear.
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Bolzan, M. J. A., R. R. Rosa, and Y. Sahai. "Multifractal analysis of low-latitude geomagnetic fluctuations." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 2 (February 5, 2009): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-569-2009.
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Abstract. The technique of large deviation multifractal spectrum has shown that the high-latitude (77.5° N, 69.2° W) geomagnetic fluctuations can be described from direct dissipation process or loading-unloading regimes of the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. In this paper, we analyze the H-component of low-latitude (22.4° S, 43.6° W) geomagnetic field variability observed during the month of July 2000 at the Geomagnetic Observatory, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil. The variability pattern during this period is a mixture of quiet and disturbed days including the Bastille Day intense geomagnetic storm on 15 July. Due to the complexity of this data, we pursue a detailed analysis of the geomagnetic fluctuations in different time scales including a multifractal approach using the singular power spectrum deviations obtained from the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM). The results suggest, as observed from high-latitude data, the occurrence of low-latitude multifractal processes driving the intermittent coupling between the solar wind-magnetosphere and geomagnetic field variations. On finer scales possible physical mechanisms in the context of nonlinear magnetosphere response are discussed.
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LE, BO, ZHONG LIU, and TIANXIANG GU. "WEAK LFM SIGNAL DECTECTION BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM MODULUS MAXIMA DENOISING AND OTHER TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 08, no. 02 (March 2010): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021969131000350x.
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A new method for detecting weak linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse signals buried in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is presented in this paper. The method is based on the features of wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) denoising and auto-correlation filtering theory. Firstly, the frequency-domain information is extracted by auto-correlation matched filtering, and is used to deduce the optimal wavelet decomposition scales. Secondly, let the signal modulus dominate on the biggest scale after the optimal scales decomposition, then keeping the signal modulus and removing the noise modulus at each scale are performed by utilizing the different propagation properties of signal and noise wavelet modulus maxima across the scales. Finally, a reconstructed signal is obtained from the reserved signal modulus with an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and is used for time-domain information extraction. At the same time, wavelet denoising depends on selecting an optimum wavelet that matches well the shape of the signal. The cross correlation coefficients between signal and db wavelets are calculated and the optimal wavelet to analysis the LFM signal is selected. Simulations show that the method can extract time-frequency information of LFM signal when SNR ≤ -6 dB .
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STRUZIK, ZBIGNIEW R. "REVEALING LOCAL VARIABILITY PROPERTIES OF HUMAN HEARTBEAT INTERVALS WITH THE LOCAL EFFECTIVE HÖLDER EXPONENT." Fractals 09, no. 01 (March 2001): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x0100049x.
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The local effective Hölder exponent has been applied to evaluate the variability of heart rate locally at an arbitrary position (time) and resolution (scale). The local effective Hölder exponent1,2 used is effectively insensitive to local polynomial trends in heartbeat rate due to the use of the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) technique. Also the variability so obtained is compatible in the sense of distribution to the multifractal spectra of the analyzed heart rate time series. This provides the possibility of standardizing the variability estimation for comparison between different patients and between different recordings for one patient. The previously reported global correlation behavior3 is captured in the effective Hölder exponent-based, local variability estimate. This includes discriminating healthy and sick (congestive heart failure patients) on the basis of both the central (Hurst) exponent and the width of the multifractal spectra. In addition to this, we observed intriguing patterns of individual response in variability records to daily activities. A moving average filtering of Hölder exponent-based variability estimates was used to enhance these fluctuations. We find that this way of local presentation of scaling properties may be of clinical importance.
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Chanh, Tin Duong Quoc, Dau Duong Hieu, and Vinh Tran Xuan. "Interpretation of gravity anomaly data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 17, no. 4B (December 15, 2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/17/4b/13003.
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Recently, the continuous wavelet transform has been applied for analysis of potential field data, to determine accurately the position for the anomaly sources and their properties. For gravity anomaly of adjacent sources, they always superimpose upon each other not only in the spatial domain but also in the frequency domain, making the identification of these sources significantly problematic. In this paper, a new mother wavelet function for effective analysis of the locations of the close potential field sources is used. By theoretical modeling, using the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method, the relative function between the wavelet scale factor and the depth of gravity source is set up. In addition, the scale parameter normalization in the wavelet coefficients is reconstructed to enhance resolution for the separation of these sources in the scalogram, getting easy detection of their depth. After verifying the reliability of the proposed method on the theoretical models, a process for the location of the adjacent gravity sources using the wavelet transform is presented, and then applied for analyzing the gravity data in the Mekong Delta. The results of this interpretation are consistent with previously published results, but the level of resolution for this technique is quite coincidental with other methods using different geological data.
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Chanh, Tin Duong Quoc, and Dau Duong Hieu. "ỨNG DỤNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP CỰC ĐẠI WAVELET VÀ SỰ CHUẨN HÓA THAM SỐ TỈ LỆ ĐỂ XÁC ĐỊNH CÁC NGUỒN DỊ THƯỜNG TRỌNG LỰC LIỀN KỀ." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/1/10458.
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Nowadays, the wavelet transform is frequently used in processing and interpretaion of potential field data, to detect accurately the location of the anomaly sources and their properties. For gravity anomalies of adjacent sources, they always superimpose upon each other not only in the spatial domain but also in the frequency domain, making the identification of these sources significantly problematic. In this paper, a new mother wavelet for effective analysis of the locations of the close potential field sources was introduced. By theoretical modeling, using the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method, we set up a correlative function between the scale parameter and gravity source depth. Moreover, a scale normalization on the wavelet coefficients was applied to enhance resolution for the separation of these sources in the scalograms, thereby determining their depth. After verifying the reliability of the proposed method on the modeling data, we proposed a process for the location of the gravity anomalies of adjacent sources using the wavelet transform, and then application for analysing some of the gravity profiles in the Mekong Delta. The results of this interpretation were consistent with previously published results, but the level of resolution for this technique was quite coincidental with other methods using different geological data.
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Jiang, Kaihua, Lin Du, Huan Chen, Feng Yang, and Yubo Wang. "Non-Contact Measurement and Polarity Discrimination-Based Identification Method for Direct Lightning Strokes." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020263.
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Direct lightning strokes account for a large proportion of line faults. Lightning faults can be classified into several kinds, and the corresponding protection methods differ. The type of these lightning faults should be identified to establish targeted measures against lightning and improve lightning protection design. In this study, a non-contact multi-physical parameter lightning monitoring system is proposed. The voltage of the insulator string and the lightning grounding current of the transmission tower are chosen as two physical parameters to show the characteristic quantities of different lightning stroke types. These physical parameters are captured using a non-contact overvoltage sensor installed at the cross arm of the tower and several parallel Rogowski coils installed at the tower ground supports. An equivalent electromagnetic transient model of a 110 kV transmission line is developed to identify features of the signals under different lightning strokes. Based on time-domain and wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) analyses, the polarity of insulator voltage, the polarity of tower current, and the mutation polarity of tower current when insulators flashover are extracted as characteristic quantities of polarity discrimination. Six kinds of direct lightning strokes can be identified based on the polarity discrimination method considering the lightning stroke point and the lightning current polarity. The identification method is verified by simulation data and application to an actual example.
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Duong, Tin Quoc Chanh, Đẩu Hiếu Dương, Ngân Ngọc Phạm, Hải Thanh Nguyễn, and An Danh. "Interpretation for magnetic data at low latitude areas using continuous wavelet transform and marquardt algorithm." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v5i2.957.
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As analyzing geomagnetic data at low latitude areas for instance the Mekong Delta (latitudes 11,07o), significant problem is that both of the magnetization and ambient field are not vertical totally, making magnetic anomalies antisymmetrical and often skewed to the location of the sources. In this paper, two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2-D CWT), using Farshad-Sailhac complex wavelet function is studied and applied for reducing the magnetic anomaly to a symmetrical one - this located on the source of the anomaly, and then determining the position of the center of the object causing anomalies by wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. Next, magnetic data is extracted in two perpendicular directions passing through the center of the source to perform one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (1-D CWT) to estimate the shape, depth and size of the source. Then, using the Marquardt algorithm to solve the inverse problem by least-squares method to further identify other characteristic parameters of the source such as: vertical size, remanent magnetization vector. The reliability of the proposed method is verified through theoretical models before application for analyzing the geomagnetic data in the Mekong Delta. The results are consistency with deep hole data, having small root mean square error, contribute to a better interpretation of the geological nature of the magnetic anomaly sources in the study area.
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Kuznetsov, Petr, and Srivatsan Ravi. "WTTM 2011." ACM SIGACT News 43, no. 1 (March 7, 2012): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2160649.2160672.
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Takeuchi, Kaoru, Makoto Takeda, Naoko Miyajima, Yasushi Ami, Noriyo Nagata, Yuriko Suzaki, Jamila Shahnewaz, Shin-ichi Kadota, and Kyosuke Nagata. "Stringent Requirement for the C Protein of Wild-Type Measles Virus for Growth both In Vitro and in Macaques." Journal of Virology 79, no. 12 (June 15, 2005): 7838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.12.7838-7844.2005.
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ABSTRACT The P gene of measles virus (MV) encodes the P protein and three accessory proteins (C, V, and R). However, the role of these accessory proteins in the natural course of MV infection remains unclear. For this study, we generated a recombinant wild-type MV lacking the C protein, called wtMV(C−), by using a reverse genetics system (M. Takeda, K. Takeuchi, N. Miyajima, F. Kobune, Y. Ami, N. Nagata, Y. Suzaki, Y. Nagai, and M. Tashiro, J. Virol. 74:6643-6647). When 293 cells expressing the MV receptor SLAM (293/hSLAM) were infected with wtMV(C−) or parental wild-type MV (wtMV), the growth of wtMV(C−) was restricted, particularly during late stages. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing wtMV(C−) consistently induced late-stage cell rounding and cell death in the presence of a fusion-inhibiting peptide, suggesting that the C protein can prevent cell death and is required for long-term MV infection. Neutralizing antibodies against alpha/beta interferon did not restore the growth restriction of wtMV(C−) in 293/hSLAM cells. When cynomolgus monkeys were infected with wtMV(C−) or wtMV, the number of MV-infected cells in the thymus was >1,000-fold smaller for wtMV(C−) than for wtMV. Immunohistochemical analyses showed strong expression of an MV antigen in the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and larynx of a cynomolgus monkey infected with wtMV but dramatically reduced expression in the same tissues in a cynomolgus monkey infected with wtMV(C−). These data indicate that the MV C protein is necessary for efficient MV replication both in vitro and in cynomolgus monkeys.
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Misra, M., RD Leverette, JT Hamm, and SV Vulimiri. "In Vitro Toxicological Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke Particulate Matter: Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as Solvent." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0875.
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AbstractThis study examined the potential to minimize the cytotoxic or genotoxic effects that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), when used as solvent, has on thein vitrointerleukin-8 (IL-8) release, mammalian cell cytotoxicity and micronuclei formation, and bacterial mutagenesis induced by cigarette smoke wet total particulate matter (WTPM). The use of DMSO as a solvent vehicle for test articles of limited water solubility is widely applied inin vitroassays due to its moderate toxicity to test organisms and its excellent solvent properties for both polar and non-polar compounds, such as WTPM. A significant DMSO dose-dependent depletion in the IL-8 release was observed, with or without the addition of WTPM, at concentrations spanning those typically employed inin vitroassays. DMSO at 3.6% reduced cell viability 40-50%. Overall, DMSO at final concentrations of 0.5% and 4.0% resulted in about 50% and 90% depletion of final IL-8 levels, respectively. DMSO-induced cytotoxicity was evident only at concentrations of 1.5% or more, a concentration higher than that typically employed in such testing. The WTPM-induced cytotoxicity was equivalent at low ranges of DMSO concentrations. DMSO concentrations of 3.6% or higher resulted in an increase of cytotoxicity by 20-25%. DMSO alone did not give rise to bacterial mutagenicity at doses from 0% to 3.9%; however, WTPM exposure with increasing levels of DMSO resulted in increased toxicity of the WTPM at doses of DMSO greater than 6.9%, as indicated by lower revertant counts. This effect suggests that for Ames assay analysis of WTPM collected in DMSO, the level of DMSO should be minimized to prevent lower revertant counts due to DMSO-induced toxicity. DMSO alone gave a dose-dependent increase in the background micronuclei percentage, with a statistically significant increase at 4%. In the presence of WTPM, DMSO at 3% concentration resulted in a significantly higher micro-nucleus frequency, suggesting a possible clastogenic role of DMSO or potential cell permeability differences. In conclusion, this study should provide guidance for the range of DMSO concentrations when used as a solvent for WTPM-mediatedin vitrotoxicological assays and therefore help in properly designing and conductingin vitrostudies that utilize DMSO as the extraction solvent of choice.
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Lee, Yeon-Hee, Kyung Mi Lee, and Q.-Schick Auh. "MRI-Based Assessment of Masticatory Muscle Changes in TMD Patients after Whiplash Injury." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071404.
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Objective: to investigate the change in volume and signal in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) after whiplash injury, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to correlate them with other clinical parameters. Methods: ninety patients (64 women, 26 men; mean age: 39.36 ± 15.40 years), including 45 patients with symptoms of TMD after whiplash injury (wTMD), and 45 age- and sex-matched controls with TMD due to idiopathic causes (iTMD) were included. TMD was diagnosed using the study diagnostic criteria for TMD Axis I, and MRI findings of the TMJ and masticatory muscles were investigated. To evaluate the severity of TMD pain and muscle tenderness, we used a visual analog scale (VAS), palpation index (PI), and neck PI. Results: TMD indexes, including VAS, PI, and neck PI were significantly higher in the wTMD group. In the wTMD group, muscle tenderness was highest in the masseter muscle (71.1%), and muscle tenderness in the temporalis (60.0%), lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) (22.2%), and medial pterygoid muscle (15.6%) was significantly more frequent than that in the iTMD group (all p < 0.05). The most noticeable structural changes in the masticatory muscles occurred in the LPM with whiplash injury. Volume (57.8% vs. 17.8%) and signal changes (42.2% vs. 15.6%) of LPM were significantly more frequent in the wTMD group than in the iTMD group. The presence of signal changes in the LPM was positively correlated with the increased VAS scores only in the wTMD group (r = 0.346, p = 0.020). The prevalence of anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) (53.3% vs. 28.9%) and disc deformity (57.8% vs. 40.0%) were significantly higher in the wTMD group (p < 0.05). The presence of headache, sleep problems, and psychological distress was significantly higher in the wTMD group than in the iTMD group. Conclusion: abnormal MRI findings and their correlations with clinical characteristics of the wTMD group were different from those of the iTMD group. The underlying pathophysiology may differ depending on the cause of TMD, raising the need for a treatment strategy accordingly.
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Muccio, Philip, Josh Schueller, Miriam van Emde Boas, Norm Howe, Edward Dabrowski, and David Durrant. "Therapeutic Effectiveness of AxioBionics Wearable Therapy Pain Management System in Patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain." Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders 14 (January 2021): 117954412199377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179544121993778.
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Chronic lower back pain is one of the most common medical conditions leading to a significant decrease in quality of life. This study retrospectively analyzed whether the AxioBionics Wearable Therapy Pain Management (WTPM) System, a customized and wearable electrical stimulation device, alleviated chronic lower back pain, and improved muscular function. This study assessed self-reported pain levels using the visual analog scale before and during the use of the AxioBionics WTPM System when performing normal activities such as sitting, standing, and walking (n = 69). Results showed that both at-rest and activity-related pain were significantly reduced during treatment with the AxioBionics WTPM System (% reduction in pain: 64% and 60%, respectively; P < .05). Thus, this study suggests that the AxioBionics WTPM System is efficacious in treating chronic lower back pain even when other therapies have failed to sufficiently decrease reported pain levels.
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Du, Z. G., X. M. She, Y. F. Tang, Z. F. He, and J. G. Yang. "First Report of Wild tomato mosaic virus Infecting Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0927-pdn.
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Wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV), a potyvirus, has been reported in Laichau, Vietnam, infecting Solanum torvum (wild tomato) in 2008 (3), and Kanchanaburi, Thailand, infecting Capsicum spp. in 2013 (KF250353). In mid-May 2013, Nicotiana tabacum showing yellowing, mosaic, and/or ringspot symptoms were found in natural tobacco fields of Nanxiong, Guangdong Province, China. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves and reverse transcribed with M4T (5′-GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC (T)15-3′) as the 3′ anchoring primer (1). The cDNA was used as template in a PCR assay using primers M4: 5′-GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC-3′ and Sprimer: 5′-GGXAAYAAYAGYGGXCAZCC-3′, which amplifies a region comprising part of the NIb protein gene, the entire coat protein (CP) gene and the 3′ nontranslated region (UTR) of a potyvirus (1). A ~1,700-bp product was amplified from the cDNA derived from three of the five diseased plants. The product (KF639967) showed 87% and 84% nucleotide sequence identities with those of WTMV isolates KAN and Laichau, respectively. The CP deduced from the sequence of the product shared 87% and 86% nucleotide and 94% and 93% amino acid sequence identities with those of WTMV isolates KAN and Laichau, respectively. The 3′-UTR of the putative virus shared 93% and 92% nucleotide sequence identities to those of WTMV isolates KAN and Laichau, respectively. Thus, according to the molecular criteria for potyvirus species demarcation (2), the virus we identified should be an isolate of WTMV (isolate GD1). One of the diseased samples was homogenized in 0.1 mol/liter phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and used to inoculate the potyvirus to healthy, two to four leaf-stage Capsicum annuum L., N. tabacum, and N. benthamiana. The inoculated, as well as mock-treated plants, which were inoculated only with phosphate buffer, were grown in soil under 12 h day/12 h night at 25°C. All inoculated N. tabacum and N. benthamiana plants developed yellowing and mosaic symptoms by 14 days post inoculation (dpi). For N. benthamiana, the symptom became very severe by 21 dpi and some diseased plants died prematurely. About 10% of inoculated C. annuum L. developed very mild veinal chlorosis 18 dpi. Cloning and sequencing experiments showed that all the symptomatic plants tested were WTMV positive, but Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, and Tobacco etch virus negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of WTMV in China. Also, it is the first report that WTMV infects Nicotiana spp. Although further experiments are needed to definitively attribute the disease observed in the field to WTMV, our results indicate that WTMV, which forms a monophyletic clade with a number of other potyviruses infecting Solanaceae species in phylogenetic analysis, is widely distributed, or is spreading in Southeast Asia. It may pose a threat to Solanaceae species cultivation in this region. References: (1) Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) Adams et al. Arch. Virol. 150:459, 2005. (3) Ha et al. Arch. Virol. 153:25, 2008.
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Hong, Tae Hee, Hongui Cha, Joon Ho Shim, Boram Lee, Jongsuk Chung, Chung Lee, Nayoung K. D. Kim, et al. "Clinical advantage of targeted sequencing for unbiased tumor mutational burden estimation in samples with low tumor purity." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 2 (October 2020): e001199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001199.
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BackgroundTumor mutational burden (TMB) measurement is limited by low tumor purity of samples, which can influence prediction of the immunotherapy response, particularly when using whole-exome sequencing-based TMB (wTMB). This issue could be overcome by targeted panel sequencing-based TMB (pTMB) with higher depth of coverage, which remains unexplored.MethodsWe comprehensively reanalyzed four public datasets of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated cohorts (adopting pTMB or wTMB) to test each biomarker’s predictive ability for low purity samples (cut-off: 30%). For validation, paired genomic profiling with the same tumor specimens was performed to directly compare wTMB and pTMB in patients with breast cancer (paired-BRCA, n=165) and ICI-treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (paired-NSCLC, n=156).ResultsLow tumor purity was common (range 30%–45%) in real-world samples from ICI-treated patients. In the survival analyzes of public cohorts, wTMB could not predict the clinical benefit of immunotherapy when tumor purity was low (log-rank p=0.874), whereas pTMB could effectively stratify the survival outcome (log-rank p=0.020). In the paired-BRCA and paired-NSCLC cohorts, pTMB was less affected by tumor purity, with significantly more somatic variants identified at low allele frequency (p<0.001). We found that wTMB was significantly underestimated in low purity samples with a large proportion of clonal variants undetected by whole-exome sequencing. Interestingly, pTMB more accurately predicted progression-free survival (PFS) after immunotherapy than wTMB owing to its superior performance in the low tumor purity subgroup (p=0.054 vs p=0.358). Multivariate analysis revealed pTMB (p=0.016), but not wTMB (p=0.32), as an independent predictor of PFS even in low-purity samples. The net reclassification index using pTMB was 21.7% in the low-purity subgroup (p=0.016).ConclusionsOur data suggest that TMB characterization with targeted deep sequencing might have potential strength in predicting ICI responsiveness due to its enhanced sensitivity for hard-to-detect variants at low-allele fraction. Therefore, pTMB could act as an invaluable biomarker in the setting of both clinical trials and practice outside of trials based on its reliable performance in mitigating the purity-related bias.
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Nobari, Hadi, Rui Silva, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Zeki Akyildiz, Luca Paolo Ardigò, and Jorge Pérez-Gómez. "Weekly Variations in the Workload of Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Season of Complete Preparation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073832.
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The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to describe the weekly acute workload (wAW), chronic workload (wCW), acute/chronic workload ratio (wACWR), training monotony (wTM), and strain (wTS) across the preparation season (PS), and (2) to analyze the variations of wAW, wCW, wACWR, wTM, and training strain (wTS) between periods of PS (early-, mid-, and end). Ten elite young wrestlers were monitored daily during the 32 weeks of the season. Internal loads were monitored using session rating of perceived exertion, and weekly workload measures of wACWR, wTM, and wTS were also calculated. Results revealed that the greatest differences were found between early- and mid-PS for wAW (p = 0.004, g = 0.34), wCW (p = 0.002, g = 0.90), wTM (p = 0.005, g = 0.39), and wTS (p = 0.009, g = −1.1), respectively. The wACWR showed significant differences between early- and end-PS (p ≤ 0.001, g = −0.30). We concluded that wAW, wCW, and wTM are slightly lower during the first weeks of the PS. The wTM remained relatively high during the entire season, while wAW and wCW remained balanced throughout the PS. The greatest workload changes seem to happen from the early to mid-PS season.
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Filho, Tércio, Luiz Fernando, Marcos Rabelo, Sérgio Silva, Carlos Santos, Maria Ribeiro, Ian A. Grout, Waldir Moreira, and Antonio Oliveira. "A Standard-Based Internet of Things Platform and Data Flow Modeling for Smart Environmental Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124228.
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The environment consists of the interaction between the physical, biotic, and anthropic means. As this interaction is dynamic, environmental characteristics tend to change naturally over time, requiring continuous monitoring. In this scenario, the internet of things (IoT), together with traditional sensor networks, allows for the monitoring of various environmental aspects such as air, water, atmospheric, and soil conditions, and sending data to different users and remote applications. This paper proposes a Standard-based Internet of Things Platform and Data Flow Modeling for Smart Environmental Monitoring. The platform consists of an IoT network based on the IEEE 1451 standard which has the network capable application processor (NCAP) node (coordinator) and multiple wireless transducers interface module (WTIM) nodes. A WTIM node consists of one or more transducers, a data transfer interface and a processing unit. Thus, with the developed network, it is possible to collect environmental data at different points within a city landscape, to perform analysis of the communication distance between the WTIM nodes, and monitor the number of bytes transferred according to each network node. In addition, a dynamic model of data flow is proposed where the performance of the NCAP and WTIM nodes are described through state variables, relating directly to the information exchange dynamics between the communicating nodes in the mesh network. The modeling results showed stability in the network. Such stability means that the network has capacity of preserve its flow of information, for a long period of time, without loss frames or packets due to congestion.
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Kumar, Shanigarapu, and Kalagadda Bikshalu. "FPGA Implementation of Adaptive Absolute SCORE Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing with WTM and LFA." International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22266/ijies2021.0228.01.
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Cognitive Radio (CR) is generally a wireless communication system that has the ability to improve the network’s system-capacity. Since, the white space or temporally unused spectrum are used to enhance the systemcapacity and the important operation involved in the cognition cycle is spectrum sensing. This spectrum sensing supports the Cognitive Radio users to adjust with the environment by identifying the white/vacant spaces without creating any interference to the primary user communication. The traditional filters such as Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters and median filters used in the spectrum sensing obtains high area utilization in Cognitive Radio. In order to overcome this, an Adaptive Absolute SCORE (AAS) technique is developed based on the FIR for improving the sensing function and radio sensitivity. The area and frequency of the AAS are enhanced by using the Wallace tree multiplier (WTM) and Ladner-Fischer Adder (LFA) in the design of the FIR. The proposed architecture used for the spectrum sensing is named as AAS-WTM-LFA. This AAS-WTM-LFA architecture is developed in the Xilinx tool for different Virtex devices. The performance of AAS-WTM-LFA is analyzed in terms of LUT, slices, flip flops, bonded Input and Output Block (IOB), frequency and power. Additionally, the quality of signal processed through the AAS-WTM-LFA architecture is analyzed as Bit Error Rate (BER) and False Acceptance Rate (FAR). Additionally, the AAS-WTM-LFA architecture is compared with ACS, AAS, AAS-CSLA, AAS-R8-CSA and AASR8-CSLA. The number of LUT for AAS-WTM-LFA architecture is 247 for Spartan 6 device, that is less when compared to the remaining architectures.
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Hökkä, Hannu, Jaakko Repola, and Jukka Laine. "Quantifying the interrelationship between tree stand growth rate and water table level in drained peatland sites within Central Finland." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 7 (July 2008): 1775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-028.
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The quantitative relationship between stand growth rate and water table level in peatland forest sites has not been fully ascertained in the literature. In this study, we investigated this relationship by means of a bivariate regression model. Tree and stand attributes, including volume and past 5-year volume growth as well as median water table depth (WTM) during the 1984 growing season, were observed in 69 Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sample stands with three subplots established in each stand. All stands were located in deep-peated, moderately rich to poor organic soil sites in Central Finland (61°45′–62°26′N, 22°40′–28°29′E) that had been ditched for forestry about 25 years earlier (1959–1961). Prediction models for the fixed mean functions for 5-year volume growth and WTM as well as estimates for variances and the correlation of random effects at plot and subplot levels were estimated simultaneously using bivariate regression methods. The correlation of model residuals at the plot level was highly significant. The model was applied to simulate stand volume development for a period of 20 years. Simulations illustrated the dynamic interaction of stand volume, volume growth, and soil water levels: deep initial WTM resulted in stand growth and volume-development increases and subsequently further deepened the WTM in the stand. The model can be applied to southern boreal drained Scots pine peatlands to estimate the WTM in different stand volume conditions and to assess the effect of stand management on WTM.
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M, Mamatha, Homakesav O, and Anjaneya P. "Efficient Multiplication by WTM using Compressors." International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 5, no. 10 (October 25, 2018): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488549/ijece-v5i10p103.
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Illawathure, Chameera, Mumtaz Cheema, Vanessa Kavanagh, and Lakshman Galagedara. "Distinguishing Capillary Fringe Reflection in a GPR Profile for Precise Water Table Depth Estimation in a Boreal Podzolic Soil Field." Water 12, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061670.
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Relative permittivity and soil moisture are highly correlated; therefore, the top boundary of saturated soil gives strong reflections in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. Conventionally in shallow groundwater systems, the first dominant reflection comes from the capillary fringe, followed by the actual water table. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate a site-specific relationship between GPR-estimated depth to the capillary fringe (DCF) and measured water table depth (WTDm). Common midpoint (CMP) GPR surveys were carried out in order to estimate the average radar velocity, and common offset (CO) surveys were carried out to map the water table variability in the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Also, GPR sampling volume geometry with radar velocities in different soil layers was considered to support the CMP estimations. The regression model (R2 = 0.9778) between DCF and WTDm, developed for the site in 2017, was validated using data from 2018. A regression analysis between DCF and WTDm for the two growing seasons suggested an average capillary height of 0.741 m (R2 = 0.911, n = 16), which is compatible with the existing literature under similar soil conditions. The described method should be further developed over several growing seasons to encompass wider water table variability.
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Hadiwardoyo, Sigit Pranowo. "Evaluation of the Rutting Deformation Data of Asphalt Mixtures during Continuous Cycle Testing Based on Short-Cycle Wheel Tracking Testing." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.85.
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Research on rutting deformation was performed using a wheel tracking machine (WTM) in the laboratory. The limited capabilities of the equipment, which can run for 1,260 cycles, are often an obstacle to accomplishing more in-depth analysis. This study evaluated the use of two types of asphalt mixtures based on the penetration value and the temperatures. The goal of this study was to use the WTM at a short cycle capacity to collect up to 3,780 cycles to reach plastic deformation (secondary zone). The curve is not continuous due to the lag time between each step of the test. The model was developed based on the changes in the deformation for each cycle. A method is proposed to evaluate the relationship between the rutting deformation curve and the load cycles of WTM during testing. The results showed that the curve is the power function with R2 values from 0.963 to 1.000. This model can improve the shape of the curve with the addition of a reload step in the WTM short cycle.
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Monica, Kommalapati, Dereddy Anuradha, Syed Rasheed, and Barnala Shereesha. "VLSI implementation of Wallace Tree Multiplier using Ladner-Fischer Adder." International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22266/ijies2021.0228.03.
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Nowadays, most of the application depends on arithmetic designs such as an adder, multiplier, divider, etc. Among that, multipliers are very essential for designing industrial applications such as Finite Impulse Response, Fast Fourier Transform, Discrete cosine transform, etc. In the conventional methods, different kind of multipliers such as array multiplier, booth multiplier, bough Wooley multiplier, etc. are used. These existing multipliers are occupied more area to operate. In this study, Wallace Tree Multiplier (WTM) is implemented to overcome this problem. Two kinds of multipliers have designed in this research work for comparison. At first, existing WTM is designed with normal full adders and half adders. Next, proposed WTM is designed using Ladner Fischer Adder (LFA) to improve the hardware utilization and reduce the power consumption. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) performances such as slice Look Up Table (LUT), Slice Register, Bonded Input-Output Bios (IOB) and power consumption are evaluated. The proposed WTM-LFA architecture occupied 374 slice LUT, 193 slice register, 59 bonded IOB, and 26.31W power. These FPGA performances are improved compared to conventional multipliers such asModified Retiming Serial Multiplier (MRSM), Digit Based Montgomery Multiplier (DBMM), and Fast Parallel Decimal Multiplier (FPDM).
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Сергеева, Елена. "Россия на WTM: рядом, но не вместе." Туризм: практика, проблемы, перспективы, no. 11 (2006): 8–9.
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Wang, Jiqiang, Yinpeng Liu, Ying Fan, and Jianfeng Guo. "The Impact of Industry on European Union Emissions Trading Market—From Network Perspective." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 5642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215642.
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This study pioneers to investigate the impact of industry on the European Union carbon trading market based on network perspective. All the accounts in the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) are summarized at the industry level, and then the trading relationship between industries is constructed in the network layout. Based on this network, the centrality of each industry is measured—the industries of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (EGSAS), bank, broker, exchange, and wholesale trade excluding motor vehicles and motorcycles (WTEM) have higher centrality. Finally, the impact of industry on the evolution of networks is analyzed, Findings show that the financial intermediaries play important roles at the beginning of each phase, while their influences on the network will decrease as the market goes on. On the contrary, influences of some other industries like WTEM are gradually increasing.
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Ville, L. J. St, C. L. Nuttall, P. W. Walland, J. C. Newell, A. Oliphant, G. J. Cannell, C. Bunney, J. P. Laude, P. Le Roux, and M. J. Anson. "Developments in WTDM technology for high-capacity optical studio networks." Optical and Quantum Electronics 26, no. 5 (May 1994): S483—S496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00306219.
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Lee, En-Jui, Dawei Mu, Wei Wang, and Po Chen. "Weighted Template-Matching Algorithm (WTMA) for Improved Foreshock Detection of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 1832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200020.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The template-matching algorithm (TMA) has become an important tool for detecting small and/or unconventional earthquakes, and newly detected seismic events have improved our understanding of earthquake physics, regional tectonics, and geological hazards. Standard TMA-based detection methods do not take into account the fact that the template waveforms themselves are contaminated with noise. In this study, we propose a weighted template-matching algorithm (WTMA), in which the normalized cross-correlation time series are weighted according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the corresponding template waveforms before they are being stacked for event picking. We present results from an extensive collection of numerical experiments to demonstrate that WTMA is capable of improving the detection rate of small to tiny (e.g., ML<0.0) earthquakes while reducing the computational cost associated with the standard TMA-based detection methods. The application of our WTMA to the continuous waveform recordings before the Mw 6.4 earthquake in the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence allowed us to discover ∼200 foreshocks, a larger number than the ∼150 foreshocks detected using the standard TMA, and significantly larger than the 17 foreshocks documented in the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) catalog. Relocated hypocenters of the foreshocks suggest a complex faulting pattern that is consistent with the hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting that characterized the main Ridgecrest sequence. Magnitudes of the foreshocks obtained through careful waveform amplitude calibration provided a more robust estimate of the magnitude–frequency distribution, which reduced the minimum magnitude threshold and increased the b-value, as compared with those obtained from the SCSN catalog.