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Journal articles on the topic 'The Zimbabwe law reports'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tigere, Patrick. "State Reporting to the African Commission: The Case of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 38, no. 1 (1994): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011475.

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Under the legal regime established by the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, country reports “on the legislative or other measures taken with a view to giving effect to the rights and freedoms recognized and guaranteed by the present Charter” must be submitted every two years. If a state is serious in its approach to human rights it might be assumed that such reports would be prepared and submitted in a timeous and thorough manner. The case of Zimbabwe indicates that this is not always the case.

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2

Mashingaidze, Sivave. "Corporate governance: effectiveness of Zimbabwean hard law on blockholders’ protection." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2014): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i4c6p5.

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The broad objective of this article is to scrutinize the effectiveness of hard law paraphernalia that are there present to protect blockholders of multilateral financial institutions in Zimbabwe. This article focused on descriptive documentary reviews of texts around financial institutions, judicial reports, and Statutory Acts. The study found and revealed that hard laws and regulations yes exist to protect blockholders but the challenge, however, was guaranteeing their enforcement making hard law highly unproductive therefore killing investor confidence in Zimbabwe. The results are quintessential for law enforcement agents, regulators of banks and mangers as they need to craft a quality effective management framework on the protection of blockholders’ equity which will attract foreign direct investment and that will promote the country’s economic development.

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3

Cox, James. "Land Crisis in Zimbabwe." Fieldwork in Religion 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.v1i1.35.

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Earlier this year, I received a small grant from the Edinburgh University Development Trust Fund to determine the feasibility of formulating a major research project exploring the religious dimensions within the recent land resettlement programme in Zimbabwe. Since spirit mediums had played such an important role in the first Shona uprising in 1896–97 against colonial occu¬pation (the so-called First Chimurenga) (Parsons, 1985: 50-51) and again in the war of liberation between 1972 and 1979 (the Second Chimurenga) (Lan, 1985), I suspected that these central points of contact between the spirit world and the living communities would be affecting the sometimes militant invasions of white commercial farms that began sporadically in 1998, but became systematic after the constitutional referendum of February 2000. Under the terms of the grant, I went with my colleague, Tabona Shoko of the University of Zimbabwe, in July and August 2004, to two regions of Zimbabwe: Mount Darwin in the northeast, where recent activities by war veterans and spirit mediums had been reported, and to the Mberengwa District, where land resettlement programmes have been widespread. This article reports on my preliminary findings in Mount Darwin, where I sought to determine if evidence could be found to link the role of Traditional Religion, particularly through spirit mediums, to the current land redistribution programme, and, if so, whether increasing levels of political intolerance within Zimbabwean society could be blamed, in part at least, on these customary beliefs and practices

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4

Sanders, A. J. G. M. "Law Reporting in Swaziland." Journal of African Law 29, no. 1 (1985): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300005659.

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The doctrine of judicial precedent forms an integral part of the general law of Swaziland. This doctrine would be unworkable without the publication of law reports. The following is an account of the Swaziland law-reporting process.The Kingdom of Swaziland, which regained its independence on 6 September, 1968, has retained the dual structure of laws and courts which it inherited from the British administration. In terms of this structure the traditional Swazi law and Swazi courts operate under the umbrella of the general law and the ultimate control of the general law courts.The country's general law is based on the Roman–Dutch law. When the British found that Civilian system of law to be well-established on their arrival in Southern Africa, they decided to respect it. However, many elements of English law were introduced. The doctrine of judicial precedent was one of them.Even though Swaziland shares with South Africa (including its “independent homelands”), Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Zimbabwe a mixed general legal system which resulted from the interaction between the Roman–Dutch Civilian law and the English Common law, its general law operates independently.

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5

Podmore, Francis. "Zimbabwe – The Place for Astronomy at the next Total Solar Eclipse." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00001164.

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With clear skies most of the year, low levels of light and industrial pollution and location (we can see 96% of the celestial sphere) Zimbabwe is an excellent place for astronomy. For nearly 100 years a small but dedicated and talented band of amateur astronomers have been making hundreds of observations of occultations and variable stars, and contibuted 10% of the global total of reports to the International Halley Watch. The Astronomical Society of Southern Africa (Harare Centre) is 25 years old and the largest telescopes (mostly ‘home-made’) in the country are owned by members. Active preparations for the next two solar eclipses include site selection, coordination or safaris and free distribution of information packs and over 100 000 eclipse viewers to all schools. If the economy doesn’t collapse, good government and respect for law and order return, the planes keep flying and fuel shortages end, we look forward to welcoming hundreds of eclipse watchers to a dramatic 3 minute spectacle on 21 June 2001.

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6

Moyo, Gugulethu Thandeka, Tapiwa Magaisa, Arthur Pagiwa, Rutendo Kandawasvika, Loveness Nyanga, Zephenia Gomora, and Wilna Oldewage-Theron. "Barriers and facilitators of exclusive breastfeeding: Findings from a Barrier Analysis Conducted in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts, Zimbabwe." World Nutrition 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202011312-21.

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A barrier analysis study was carried out in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts of Zimbabwe, to guide the development of a community-based behaviour change program. The aim of the barrier analysis was to identify factors that influenced a woman’s infant feeding and care practices. This paper reports the findings for one behaviour, exclusive breastfeeding. The study was based on the methodology from “A Practical Guide to Conducting a Barrier Analysis” (Kittle 2013). Structured in-depth interviews were administered to 91 women who were mothers of infants under the age of six months, 46 of whom who were exclusively breastfeeding and 45 who were not. Issues pertaining to self-efficacy, social support and perceived risks and benefits, as well as cultural and community norms and rules were identified. The qualitative analysis included sorting and identifying themes. Common barriers for exclusive breastfeeding were influence from the mother-in-law, high maternal workload, and perceived breast milk insufficiency. The main enablers were breastfeeding knowledge, the presence of a spouse/partner who assisted with chores and nurses who provided breastfeeding information. The insights gained from this study were used by Nutrition Action Zimbabwe to develop a behaviour change programme that was implemented from 2018-2020.

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7

Dube, Kaitano. "Sustainable Development Goals Localisation in the Hospitality Sector in Botswana and Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158457.

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Many countries have fronted tourism as a tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their voluntary national reviews. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined how the tourism industry has been localising SDGs. Therefore, this study is borne out of that knowledge gap. A qualitative approach comprising the use of primary and secondary data from integrated annual reports was adopted. The study found some progress made by hotel companies in localising SDGs. It emerged that Cresta Hotels and the African Sun group of hotels are only at the inception stage of SDG localisation, focusing on several SDGs that respond to the socio-economic and environmental demands of the environments they work in. Given that most of the work under the SDGs only began inception between 2018 and 2019, there is still a long way to go before meaningful progress can be reported regarding SDG localization, with preliminary evidence showing that the hotel industry is likely to have made significant inroads when the SDGs lapse in 2030 if their efforts are not disturbed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recommends continuous monitoring and support for the sector as the SDG framework offers a better and more focused sector to achieve sustainable and responsible tourism in Zimbabwe and Botswana.

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8

Govender, Karthy, and Paul Swanepoel. "Cynicism and the Rule of Law: A Critical Analysis of President of the RSA V M&G Media Limited 2012 2 SA 50 (CC) and Associated Judgments." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 580–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3593.

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In June 2015 the High Court granted an interim order prohibiting Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir from leaving South Africa. Although Al-Bashir is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes and South Africa is a signatory to the Rome Statute and has passed the Implementation Act, the government failed to arrest him as required by an order of court. Short-term political considerations appear to have outweighed the need to respect the rule of law. Parallels can be drawn between this incident and the decision by the executive to refuse access to the Khampepe Report when requested to do so by the Mail and Guardian newspaper. The report was prepared at the request of former President Mbeki by two senior South African judges, after a visit to Zimbabwe shortly before the election held in that country in 2002. In an attempt to prevent disclosure, the executive approached various courts on six different occasions and drew out the process for more than six years. The main issue in this case is the use of section 80 of the Promotion of Access to Information Act by the courts, a discretionary power that is applied sparingly. In terms of PAIA, the state is prevented from making reference to the content of a record in order to support a claim of exemption. In such instances, section 80 provides courts with the power to inspect the record – a procedure known as a ‘judicial peek’ – in order to make a determination as to whether the exemption is justified. This case provides a clear example of how the state cynically used this provision as a dilatory tactic in refusing access to the report. The current system that relies solely on the courts to handle access to information matters undermines the main objectives of the Act and is inefficient and costly. It is recommended that PAIA be amended to provide for an information commissioner with powers to mediate and make binding decisions.

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9

Coldham, Simon. "Succession Law Reform in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 42, no. 1 (1998): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300010561.

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10

Orinda, Eddy Nicholas Ombudo. "International Cooperation in the Fight against Infectious Diseases: a Case for Legal Epidemiology in Kenya." Ukrainian Journal of International Law 2 (March 15, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36952/uail.2020.2.96-102.

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As of May 21, more than 323,256 people worldwide have died and counting of COVID-19, the highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus. The number of people, who have tested positive for COVID-19, has exceeded 4.9 million and counting, according to data compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO).The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the WHO African Region has rapidly evolved over the past few weeks, as reflected by the significant upsurge in the number of cases, and the rapid geographical expansion of the disease. Since the last situation report by the Johns Hopkins University on 18 March 2020 (External Situation Report 3), 11 new countries in the WHO African Region including Angola, Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Niger, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zimbabwe have confirmed 1 371 and counting COVID-19 cases. As of 25 March 2020, a cumulative total of 1 716 confirmed cases have been reported across 38 countries in the region, bringing the total number of reported deaths to 30, which corresponds to a case fatality ratio of 1.8% among reported confirmed cases.The most affected countries in the WHO African Region are: South Africa (5647 cases and counting), Algeria (4006 cases and counting), Burkina Faso (645 cases and counting), Senegal (933 cases and counting), Cameroon (1832 cases and counting), and Cote d’Ivoire (1275 and counting) [13].This paper seeks to lay a theoretical foundation for a broader intellectual discourse on the emerging challenges presented by pandemics while discussing and examining how law as a social determinant of health and a factor in the cause, distribution and prevention of disease and injury in populations within Africa and Kenya in particular can be utilized in understanding trends in health laws, study the impact and effectiveness of laws in health, informing and supporting best practices and developing an evidence base of what works in the prevention of infectious diseases and in particular COVID – 19 in Africa (Kenya).

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11

MAROLENG, CHRIS. "ZIMBABWE." African Security Review 13, no. 3 (January 2004): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627310.

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12

CORNWELL, RICHARD, and CHRIS MAROLENG. "ZIMBABWE." African Security Review 14, no. 2 (January 2005): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627354.

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13

Martin, Robert. "The rule of law in Zimbabwe." Round Table 95, no. 384 (April 2006): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358530600585032.

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14

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 11, no. 1 (2000): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161401x00075.

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15

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 12, no. 1 (2002): 291–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161403x00118.

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The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 13, no. 1 (2004): 401–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161405x00080.

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17

Qassem, Kafr. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 2, no. 1 (1985): 69–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161485x00055.

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18

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 6, no. 1 (1990): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161491x00058.

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19

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 7, no. 1 (1992): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161494x00073.

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20

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 7, no. 1 (1992): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161494x00082.

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21

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 8, no. 1 (1994): 111–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161495x00063.

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22

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 8, no. 1 (1994): 149–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161495x00072.

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23

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 9, no. 1 (1996): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161497x00070.

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24

Coldham, Simon. "Right to Reside in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 38, no. 2 (1994): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300005520.

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25

Mariri, Cecilie Butenschøn. "Searcwl and the Women's Law Collection, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Legal Information 32, no. 2 (2004): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500004200.

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The Southern and Eastern African Regional Centre for Women's Law – SEARCWL - (in daily language just called the Women's Law Centre) is an institute under the Faculty of Law, University of Zimbabwe (UZ). It all started way back in the late 1980'ies when the Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD) sponsored diploma courses in women's law for participants from Africa, at the University of Oslo. The first three courses were held in Oslo, but then the venue was moved to the University of Zimbabwe, and through the 1990'ies more than a hundred scholars have passed through the diploma courses. From February 2003, a masters degree program has been running with 28 students from 10 different countries (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe). From mid-June until the end of August we had an additional 19 students, so-called “upgraders” – i.e. ex-diploma students upgrading their diploma to a Masters degree.

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26

Van Der Vyver, Johan. "The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0036.

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Abstract Development programs in many African countries include the reallocation of land and the nationalization of mineral resources for the benefit of less privileged communities in those countries. Implementing these programs is, however, quite complicated. This paper pays special attention to the confiscation of the land of white farmers in Zimbabwe as part of a development program, and the rapid decline of the economy of that country in consequence of this program. It serves as a reminder that depriving landowners of their property rights is counterproductive and is therefore not a feasible development strategy. As far as the right to explore natural resources is concerned, the paper highlights the repeated resolutions of the United Nations proclaiming the “inalienable right of all states freely to dispose of their natural resources in accordance with their national interests” as an inherent aspect of sovereignty [e.g. G.A. Res. 626, 7 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 20), at 18, U.N. Doc. A/2361 (1952).], with occasional reminders that developing countries were in need of encouragement “in the proper use and exploitation of their natural wealth and resources” [e.g. E.S.C. Res. 1737, 54 U.N. ESCOR, Supp., No. 1 (1973).]. These resolutions were adopted in the context of the decolonization policy of the United Nations and were mainly aimed at denouncing the exploitation of the mineral resources of African countries by colonial powers [G.A. Res. 2288, 22 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 16), at 48, U.N. Doc. A/6716 (1967)., para 3]. The emphasis of international law relating to the natural resources over time also emphasized the right to self-determination of peoples. As early as 1958, the General Assembly, in a resolution through which the Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources was established, stated that the “permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources” of states is “a basic constituent of the right to self-determination” [G.A. Res. 1314, 13 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 18), at 27, U.N. Doc. A/4090 (1958).]. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights similarly provides “All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it” [Art 21(1)]. This provision featured prominently in several judgments of courts of law, such as the one of the South African Constitutional Court in the case of Bengwenyama Minerals (Pty) Ltd & Others v Gemorah Resources (Pty) Ltd & Others [2011] (3) BCLR 229 (CC) (3) BCLR 229 (CC) and of the African Court of Human and People’s Rights in the case of Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) v Nigeria (2001) AHRLR 60 (ACHPR 2001), Communication 155/96, 15th Annual Report. AHRLR 60 (Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) v Nigeria (2001) AHRLR 60 (ACHPR 2001), Communication 155/96, 15th Annual Report.) Communication 155/96. In view of these directives of international law, the paper will critically analyze the South African Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, which deprived landowners of the ownership of unexplored minerals and petroleum products and proclaimed mineral and petroleum resources to be “the common heritage of all the people of South Africa” with the state as the custodian thereof.

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27

Bryson, W. H. "Virginia Law Reports." American Journal of Legal History 54, no. 2 (April 2014): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/54.2.107.

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28

Forshaw, S. "Equality Law Reports." Industrial Law Journal 40, no. 4 (November 29, 2011): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwr018.

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29

Appleton, John. "Law reports update." Computer Law & Security Review 3, no. 3 (September 1987): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(87)90029-x.

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Greaves, David. "Law reports update." Computer Law & Security Review 2, no. 6 (March 1987): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(87)90094-x.

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31

Manase, Wilson T. "Grassroots Education in Zimbabwe: Successes and Problems Encountered in Implementation by the Legal Resources Foundation of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 36, no. 1 (1992): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009694.

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Zimbabwe has a population of almost ten million people of which approximately 80 per cent, are poor and live in the rural areas. The majority of the rural population lack formal education and are ignorant of their rights. They have no access to legal services as most of the country's lawyers are based in the urban areas. Even if legal practitioners were accessible to them, they would not be able to pay for their services. Thus, they are liable to exploitation.Since independence, the changes in Zimbabwe law have been rapid, farreaching and progressive. In the absence of any co-ordinated mass education campaign on their meaning and implications, or consultation with those to be affected before enactment, there has been a great deal of adverse reaction to new legislation, especially where it has safeguarded or equalised the rights of women. For the community, the effect has been chaos. Traditional structures, known and well-understood means of communication, and culturally entrenched roles have been transformed and replaced by a new order.The Legal Resources Foundation (LRF), an autonomous charitable and educational Trust, was established to meet the need to improve the accessibility of legal and information services to all sections of the population. It was formed following a regional workshop on legal aid which was held at the University of Zimbabwe in February 1984 and against the background of there being just 400 lawyers in Zimbabwe at the time, all of whom were urban based.

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32

Keetch, Paul. "Zimbabwe." Public Policy Research 14, no. 2 (June 2007): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-540x.2007.00478.x.

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33

Carver, Richard. "Zimbabwe: Drawing a Line Through the past." Journal of African Law 37, no. 1 (1993): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185530001113x.

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“We were trying to kill each other; that's what the war was about. What I am concerned with now is that my public statements should be believed when I say that I have drawn a line through the past.” (Prime Minister Robert Mugabe, on retaining the head of Rhodesian intelligence in charge of Zimbabwe's Central Intelligence Organization).“Nothing the police are doing now is new. The police have learned all their bad habits from the Rhodesian police. The beatings, the electric shock …” (former Rhodesian police officer).

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34

Coldham, Simon. "The Land Acquisition Act, 1992 of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 37, no. 1 (1993): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011141.

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The gazetting of the Land Acquisition Bill on 24 January, 1992 unleashed what has been described as the fiercest debate ever known in the history of Zimbabwe. However, the issue of land reform had been back on the political agenda ever since the expiry of the Lancaster House Constitution on 18 April, 1990, and pressures from a variety of quarters, both internal and external, had been brought to bear on the government during the intervening period. In particular, its adoption in 1990 of a document declaring National Land Policy had generated intense controversy. In accordance with the principles set out in that document the government has sought to facilitate the acquisition of land for resettlement purposes, first by amending section 16 of the Lancaster House Constitution and subsequently by enacting the Land Acquisition Act. In formulating its policy the government has recognized both the need to redress inequalities in land distribution and the need to take into account current national and international socio-economic realities. The result is a compromise.

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35

Hatchard, John. "SOME LESSONS ON CONSTITUTION-MAKING FROM ZIMBABWE." Journal of African Law 45, no. 2 (October 2001): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855301001705.

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The former (and late lamented) Chief Justice of South Africa, Justice Ismail Mohammed, once observed that:“The constitution of a nation is not simply a statute which mechanically defines the structures of government and the relations between the government and the governed, it is a ‘mirror of the national soul’, the identification of the ideals and aspirations of a nation, the articulation of the values binding its people and disciplining its government.”Further, as van der Vyer has warned, “. . . a superimposed constitutional formulae or constitutional arrangements that . . . do not address the real causes of discontent, are sure to generate their own legitimacy crisis.” It follows that the development of an appropriate procedure for constitution-making is of the greatest practical importance. This short comment seeks to examine critically the much-publicized efforts in Zimbabwe to develop a new autochthonous constitution and to draw some lessons therefrom.

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36

Tsabora, James. "Reflections on the Constitutional Regulation of Property and Land Rights under the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution." Journal of African Law 60, no. 2 (March 15, 2016): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185531600005x.

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AbstractProperty rights discourse, particularly the scope, nature, distribution, redistribution, recognition and protection of property rights, has dominated debate in African post-colonial property rights systems. In Zimbabwe, property rights law has been a contested space since the colonial era. That the property rights system is a contested arena is particularly so in view of the fact that colonial subjugation in Zimbabwe was characterized, in a very important way, by politically motivated land dispossession and, consequently, inequitable property rights distribution patterns. As a result, Zimbabwe's property rights law has always responded to mainstream, albeit fluid, political and economic undercurrents. This has meant that mainstream historical and contemporary debates have provided the context for understanding the constitutional regulation of property and land rights in Zimbabwe. This article assesses the constitutional regulation of constitutional property and land rights in Zimbabwe, and the conflicts and tension that are accommodated in the constitutional property rights framework.

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37

BAYNHAM, SIMON. "ZIMBABWE: PAX AFRICANA." African Security Review 4, no. 3 (January 1995): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1995.9627796.

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38

Cornwell, Richard. "Zimbabwe: Mugabe's Choice?" African Security Review 7, no. 2 (January 1998): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1998.9627851.

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39

Ewbank, David. "Short communications, notes and reports: Early records of vultures in Zimbabwe." Vulture News 73, no. 1 (August 13, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v73i1.4.

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40

Jones, Timothy H. "Reports." Modern Law Review 52, no. 3 (May 1989): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1989.tb02604.x.

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41

Series, Hugh. "Law reports for psychiatrists." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 18, no. 4 (July 2012): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008797.

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SummaryThe article briefly describes the structure of the civil courts in England and Wales and explains how laws are drafted. This information is used as a basis for understanding the rule of precedent: how earlier court decisions may be binding in later cases. The article explains what law reports are, how cases are reported in the legal literature and how they may be located and cited. A number of key cases are summarised to illustrate the process of judicial reasoning and to show how case law contributes to psychiatric practice and defines the legal structure of medical work. A list of useful legal websites is given.

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42

The Palestine Yearbook of Internati, Editors. "LAW REPORTS JUDICIAL DECISIONS." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 10, no. 1 (1998): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161499x00122.

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43

Hatchard, John. "Detention Without Trial and Constitutional Safeguards in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 29, no. 1 (1985): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300005611.

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There comes a time during the life of almost every nation when situations arise which threaten its peace and security. At such a time the government may need to acquire certain additional powers to help it combat the danger and this is frequently achieved by the declaration of a state of emergency. This enables it to utilise wide-ranging emergency powers and in this situation national security and public order considerations are placed above the constitution. As a result, among the first casualties of an emergency proclamation are the guarantees of personal liberty and protection of the law which are often abrogated or at least severely curtailed.The use of detention without trial during periods of emergency has now become commonplace, particularly in developing countries, a point which is defended by President Nyerere of Tanzania on the grounds that:“Our Union has neither the long tradition of nationhood, nor the strong physical means of national security, which older countries take for granted. While the vast mass of people give full and active support to their country and its government, a handful of individuals can still put our nation in jeopardy, and reduce to ashes the efforts of millions.”The need for a nation to protect itself in this way cannot be denied and this is widely recognised. For example, Article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) recognises the rights of governments

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44

MAROLENG, CHRIS. "ZIMBABWE UNDER THE SPOTLIGHT." African Security Review 14, no. 3 (January 2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627365.

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Maroleng, Chris. "Zimbabwe: Confusion worse confounded." African Security Review 15, no. 4 (January 2006): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2006.9627620.

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46

Tawanda, Farai Keith Pasipanodya. "Okuns law: An asymmetrical approach for Zimbabwe (1991-2018)." Journal of Economics and International Finance 12, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jeif2020.1082.

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Makuyana, Tsanangurai. "Some Aspects of the New Microfinance Law in Zimbabwe." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n3p209.

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Abstract This paper analyses the new Microfinance Act [Chapter 24: 29] in order to reveal the shortcomings in the law and to suggest areas of possible improvement. The study was carried out using a purely desktop legal research method wherein a critical review of the piece of legislation was done against the theory surrounding microfinance business principles. The study concluded that the new Microfinance Act in Zimbabwe has a considerable number of shortcomings born out of both drafting loopholes and outright lack of thrust of principles promotive of the growth of the microfinance sector in the country.

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48

Coldham, Simon. "Customary Law and Local Courts Act, 1990 of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 34, no. 2 (1990): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008305.

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49

Ncube, Sibanengi. "Law and the struggle for political power in Zimbabwe." Journal of Southern African Studies 45, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 617–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2019.1623478.

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50

Horn, Alison Van. "Redefining “Property”: The Constitutional Battle over Land Redistribution in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 38, no. 2 (1994): 144–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300005490.

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This article is about the appropriate role of the judiciary in the constitutional debate over land redistribution in Zimbabwe. The possession of land in Zimbabwe has been the most volatile political issue since the war for independence. White ownership of the most productive land fuelled the war against Rhodesia. A constitutional settlement in 1979 resulted in a cease-fire, but the Declaration of Rights prohibited the new government from acquiring land for resettlement purposes except on a “willing seller, willing buyer” basis. With the expiration of the decade-long entrenchment of the Declaration of Rights in 1990, President Robert Mugabe declared his intention to honour a promise made eleven years before: to resettle peasant farmers on previously white-owned land. Since then, Parliament has amended the Constitution of Zimbabwe three times to allow the state to acquire property for resettlement and to give Parliament the power to fix the amount of compensation without judicial review.

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