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Luckin, Rosemary. "ECOLAB : explorations in the zone of proximal development." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388676.
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Carrig, Carol A. "An Intervention Specialist's Journey Through the Zone of Proximal Development." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1460491585.
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Sluss, Dorothy Justus. "Play as the zone of proximal development: collaborative constructive block play." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40230.
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Brėdikytė, M. (Milda). "The zones of proximal development in children’s play." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296147.
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Abstract This study investigates the relationship between play and child development. This work is the continuation of a thesis on children’s verbal creativity stimulated by dialogical drama intervention which I defended in 2001 at the Vilnius Pedagogical University, Lithuania. The first doctoral thesis in educology resulted in the main intervention method (Dialogical Drama with Puppets) used in this project. The theoretical framework of the study is based on cultural-historical theories developed by Vygotsky and his followers. This approach has influenced on the methodological choices of the study and the concept of the zone of proximal development is a central concept in Vygotskian theory of human cultural development. The concept has been elaborated in an earlier publication (Hakkarainen & Bredikyte 2008) and is now used as an analytic tool. Other theoretical concepts of Vygotsky like the social situation of development, the unit, environment and mechanism of development are used. This study is a small sample from the whole research project, which integrated research studies, theoretical courses and practice of master’s degree students in early education. For families and children the project was a play club. From the theoretical point of view the project was a “genetic experiment”, a “playworld” and intervention study aiming at joint creative play of adults and children. In cultural-historical theory (cultural) environment is the source of qualitative developmental changes of individuals, but each child has to be motivated and self carry out developmental acts. These theoretical principles require special forms of social interaction “mutual interventions”. The methodological approach opens a new perspective to the study of play and development. Individual play development of some children is followed up several years. Cumulative effects and qualitative changes can be detected easier in this setting. Multi-age child groups change our understanding about play development. Empirical part of this study consists of a few cases, which demonstrate what kind of developmental trajectories are possible. It is impossible to tell exactly what the effect of our play environment is, but observations and interpretations can guide further research activity. The results of this study demonstrate in which conditions narrative intervention in joint playworld environment can lead to creative acts, what steps are necessary in the development of joint play, how mutuality in adult-child play supports child development, and what elements are essential in play producing pedagogy and professional growthTiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus selvittää leikin ja lasten kehityksen välistä yhteyttä. Siinä työssä jatkuu tekijän edellisessä Vilnan pedagogisen yliopiston edukologian väitöskirjassa 2001 aloittama lasten luovuuden tutkimus dialogista draamaa käyttäen. Tämä tutkimus tuotti keskeisen intervention menetelmän (Dialoginen nukkedraama), jota nyt käytetään. Tämän tutkimuksen viitekehys perustuu Vygotskin ja hänen seuraajiensa kehittelemään kulttuuri-historialliseen teoriaan. Metodologiset ratkaisut ja Vygotskin kulttuurisen kehityksen teorian keskeinen käsite – lähikehityksen vyöhyke – ovat vaikuttaneet tutkimuksen toteutukseen. Tätä käsitettä on kehitelty aikaisemmassa julkaisussa (Hakkarainen & Bredikyte, 2008) ja sitä käytetään nyt analyyttisenä työvälineenä. Vygotskin muitakin teoreettisia käsitteitä kuten ”kehityksen sosiaalinen tilanne”, ”kehityksen analyysiyksikkö”, ”kehityksen ympäristö”, ja ”kehitysmekanismi” on otettu käyttöön. Tämä tutkimus on pieni siivu koko tutkimusprojektista, johon kytkeytyi varhaiskasvatuksen maisteriopiskelijoiden tutkimusopintoja, teoriakursseja ja harjoittelua. Perheiden ja osallistuvien lasten näkökulmasta projekti oli leikkikerho. Teoreettiselta näkökulmalta projektin ydin oli ”geneettinen eksperimentti”, ”leikkimaailma” ja ”interventiotutkimus”, joka pyrkii saamaan aikaan aikuisten ja lasten yhteistä luovaa leikkiä. Kulttuuri-historiallisessa teoriassa (psykologinen/ kulttuurinen) ymäristö on yksilön laadullisten kehityksen muutosten lähde, mutta jokaisen lapsen on oltava motivoitunut ja itse toteutettava kehittävät teot. Nämä teoreettiset periaatteet edellyttävät erityistä sosiaalisen vuorovaikutuksen muotoa ”vastavuoroista interventiota”. Käytetty metodologinen lähestymistapa avaa uuden mahdollisuuden tutkia leikkiä ja kehitystä. Joidenkin yksittäisten lasten leikin kehitystä on voitu seurata useita vuosia. Kasautuvat vaikutukset ja laadulliset muutokset voidaan todeta helpommin tällaisella tutkimusotteella. Eri-ikäisten lasten yhteiset leikkiryhmät auttavat ymmärtämään paremmin leikin olemusta ja kehitystä. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osa muodostuu yksitäistapauksista, jotka kertovat millaiset kehityskaaret ovat mahdollisia. Tarkkoja syitä ja seurauksia ei ole mahdollista leikkiympäristössä osoittaa, mutta havainnot ja tulkinnat ohjaavat jatkotutkimusta. Tutkimuksen tulokset kertovat millaisissa olosuhteissa narratiivinen interventio yhteisessä leikkiympäristössä voi johtaa luoviin tekoihin, miten yhteinen leikki voi kehittyä ja kehittää, millainen vastavuoroisuus aikuisen ja lasten leikissä tukee kehitystä sekä mitkä asiat ovat välttämättömiä leikin pedagogiikassa ja ammatillisessa kasvussa
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Moore, Sofia A. Rhodes Dent. "Theoretical and practical perspectives on Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3128283.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004.Title from title page screen, viewed Jan. 6, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Dent M. Rhodes (chair), Cathy Toll, Donna Adair Breault. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-213) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Abtahi, Yasaman. "Things Kids Think With: The Role of the Physical Properties of Mathematical Tools in Children's Learning in the Context of Addition of Fractions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35265.
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This research was designed to examine the role of the physical properties of the mathematical tools, in children’s learning in the context of adding two fractions. My two research questions were: (1) How does the feedback from the mathematical tools play a mediating role between the physical actions of the child with respect to the mathematical affordances of the tools and the child’s thinking about and learning and knowing of solving addition of fractions problems? And (2) What role is played by mathematical tools in the emergence of a Zone of Proximal Development during the child’s solving of addition of fractions problems? To address these questions, I interviewed 13 grade 7 students in Ottawa, Ontario, in groups of two and in three rounds of 30-minute interviews per group. The results showed that the physical properties of the tools play a role in how children perceived the mathematical affordances of the tool, attached mathematical meaning to the tools, created mathematical artefacts and solved the addition of fractions problems. Moreover, the findings show that in children’s interactions with mathematical tools, at times, the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) emerged, with the guidance provided by the tools. I conclude that children’s interaction with the tools provided them the possibility of learning newer forms of reflections, expressions and actions in relation to adding two fractions. This learning was a result of a complex and intertwined relationship between the immediate physical properties and affordances of the tool, the traces of the thoughts of the designer of the tools, as well as the children’s previous knowing of fractions. With this study, I extend the Vygotskian notion of the more knowledgeable other within the ZPD to include not only agents (children and adults) but also tools.
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Rutland, Adam. "Measuring the zone of proximal development : studies of map-use in children with learning difficulties." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3519.
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The value of measuring Vygotsky's 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) is the main concern of this thesis. The theory and research described in the thesis examines the psychological and educational purpose of measuring the ZPD within the context of children's representational skills. The first chapter discusses the development of children's ability to understand and use spatial representations. Recent research in developmental psychology is criticised for measuring the ZPD and claiming that the ZPD corresponds to children's individual developmental level. The experiments in Chapter 2 show that previous research has overestimated the representational ability of young children and that a children's potential development is different from their actual development, as assessed by the ZPD. Chapter 3 examines the origins of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and the ZPD within Soviet psychology and Hegelian philosophy. The next chapter presents contemporary interpretations of the ZPD which have to varying degrees attempted to extend this concept. The idea of dynamic assessment is introduced in this chapter and experiments using this notion are described in detail. Preliminary studies are described in Chapter 5, which examine the possible need for measurement of the ZPD and they also choose appropriate samples, methods and apparatus for future experiments which aim to measure the ZPD within a spatial task. The sixth chapter consists of three experimental studies, which all attempted to measure the ZPD using dynamic assessment techniques. These studies showed that measurement of the ZPD could provide important diagnostic information about children's spatial ability beyond that given by individual tests of intelligence. This was especially true in the case of children with learning difficulties. The results of all the experiments in the thesis are discussed in relation to measurement of the ZPD and its value within developmental psychology and educational psychology.
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Menendez, Rita Maria. "Cultural-Historical Activity Perspectives on the Effects of Participation in Teacher-Mediated, Computer-Mediated Reading Instruction." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/353.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of participation in Read 180, a teacher-mediated, computer-mediated reading instruction program, on the reading proficiency of 4th and 5th grade English Language Learners. The students who participated in the Read 180 program scored below the 25th percentile on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Cultural-historical activity theory guided the research. Research questions for the study were answered with quantitative and qualitative methods. The questions asked were: 1. What are the effects of participation in Read 180, a teacher-mediated computer-mediated-integrated learning system that provides reading instruction, on the growth in reading proficiency of a group of participating English Language Learners? 2. What are the effects of participation in Read 180, a teacher-mediated computer-mediated integrated learning system that provides reading instruction, on the reading achievement of a group of participating English Language Learners when compared with the reading achievement of a group of English Language Learners with similar characteristics receiving reading instruction supported by a reading basal program? 3. How does the mediated structure of Read 180, a teacher-mediated, computer-mediated integrated learning activity system that provides reading instruction and surrounding activity systems interact to affect learning? Data analysis revealed that the fourth and fifth grade experimental group significantly improved their proficiency on the Scholastic Reading Inventory. Analysis of pre- and post-test scores obtained with the Florida Comprehensive Assessment (FCAT) of fourth and fifth grade experimental and control groups were not statistically significant. Qualitative findings indicated that the organization of classroom instruction had a significant impact on the quality of instruction. A discussion of the findings presents several implications and recommendations for future research on teacher-mediated, computer-mediated reading instruction.
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Vellos, Renira Elyodi. "Re-engagement in learning contexts : negotiations between adults and youths in the zone of proximal development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6349.
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Framed by sociocultural theory, this study used participant observations and active interviews to examine the classroom practices of adults and youths at one alternative high school. Constant comparative analysis and a participation framework used as a heuristic device to organize data foregrounded the social and discursive practices that both were constituted by and constitutive of an engaging learning context. This study advances a sociocultural model for engagement based on the community of difference that youths and adults co-constructed. It highlights the key role of adults and other mediational means in mediating relationships that promote engaging learning contexts. Though alternative high schools are symptomatic of the contradictions inherent in the process of schooling, for the adults and youths who participate in them, they are often rich learning communities.
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Bentahar, Sofia, and Maria Paschalidou. "Flerspråkighet som norm : En studie om pedagogers synsätt på flerspråkighet i förskolan." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30386.
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The aim of our study is to examine preschool teachers' attitudes to multilingualism in preschool, especially in relation to the preschool's internal environment. Our study is based on the socio-cultural perspective and consists of six interviews with pedagogues and observations at two preschools in different parts of Stockholm. We are certain of that our study is important for pedagogues, since a high proportion of children in Swedish preschools are multilingual. A high level of awareness and recurrent work to promote children’s multilingualism has tremendous importance for children's language development. The result of our study demonstrates that multilingualism is the norm in the preschools. Based on the interviews, we have seen that pedagogues are aware of the fact that both the children's home language and the Swedish language are equally important for children's language development. For children to develop good language skills in the Swedish language, it is important that the mother language is promoted and is a point of departure in preschool activities. Pedagogues, who constantly communicate with children, contribute to children's language development. Children must be offered ample opportunity for language use and interaction in different contexts. The study demonstrates that pedagogues consciously work with multilingualism, aiming for creating a language stimulating internal environment that encourages kids to play, learn and develop their language skills. Similar to a majority of pedagogues, we are certain that play has an important role for children's language development; because play is something pleasurable that often comes naturally and it is very important for children.
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Bedell, Robert Irving. "Journey of Rediscovery: Less Control for More Learning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27836.
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Good student evaluations are not always the measure of a successful class, and in spite of my consistently high student evaluations, I knew something had been lost in my classes. In an effort to revitalize my teaching, to increase both student participation and instructor satisfaction, I undertook an experiment in which I taught two sections of the same literature survey differently. One class was taught as I had, of recent years, been teaching: primarily lecture. The second class was decentralized: circled seating arrangement, all participants (including me) seated, and a required student literary response journal.
Change is much easier decided upon than implemented. Instructor discomfort when climbing out of teaching ruts can be strong enough to impede progress (temporarily) but is a sure sign of growth Although the decentralized classroom increases a sense of vulnerability, it also increases camaraderie. Class discussion can and does veer in unexpected directions but also leads to unanticipated insights and increased student involvement with the material. The instructor's job becomes more complicated because although there must be latitude for a range of responses, the class discussion must not be allowed to drift totally off topic. Thus, the instructor must have the restraint to allow students to express and defend their ideas, and must not rein in apparent misdirections too quickly. To do so would risk stifling student involvement and precluding significant new insights. One casualty of increased student participation in discussion is the amount of material that can be covered. The physical arrangement of a class in a circle encourages student discussion, but that decentralization is really more a function of attitude than of physical space.
An essential component of the successful discussion class is the student literary response journal. The journal encourages students to focus on and wrestle with the reading assignment. In the process they can hone their analytic skills, preview and practice articulating their ideas, generate ideas for formal essays, and receive private, non-threatening encouragement from the instructor.Ed. D.
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Bashang, Mahsa. "HOMES AS ZONES OF PROXIMAL INTERCULTURAL UNDERSTANDING AND DEVELOPMENT." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1897.
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This qualitative case study connects the topics of home literacy practices and the development of intercultural understanding. I investigated how three Iranian immigrant families’ home literacy practices and lived experiences contributed to the development of their preschool children’s intercultural understandings. The study drew from sociocultural and ecological theories to understand the role of culture and social interaction in children’s emergent literacies and global awareness. Data were collected from observations and interviews and analyzed through two cycles of coding that generated four overarching themes: literacy environment and practices, families’ funds of knowledge, families’ understandings of literacy and technology, and facilitation of intercultural understanding. The study found that families engaged their children in bilingual and multiple literacies in multiple modalities. This, coupled with the families’ funds of knowledge and their daily conversations, afforded opportunities for developing the children’s intercultural understanding. The families supported their children’s global awareness by reading and discussing global literature that provided a context in which the children played their way into understanding their own and other cultures. The findings of this study suggest far-reaching implications for educators, teachers, family literacy programs, and curriculum designers by emphasizing integration of students’ funds of knowledge and home literacy practices into classrooms and stressing the significant role of play and inquiry in developing children’s literacies and intercultural understanding. The implications contribute to developing culturally responsive resource pedagogies and creating global curricula.
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Spielman-Davidson, Sylvia Justina. "Collaborative dialogues in the zone of proximal development, grade eight French immersion students learning the conditional tense." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/NQ53714.pdf.
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Wiles, Bradford Broyhill. "Toward a theory of how young children learn to read in the ZPD: Implications for research and practice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32058.
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The purpose of this position paper is to propose a comprehensive theoretical model of
what can and does occur in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) to extend thinking,
learning and construction of meaning within a shared reading activity setting, including
the development and emergence of language, literacy and social skills. By incorporating
Lev Vygotskyâ s sociocultural perspective, Jean Piagetâ s dialectical learning, and the
concepts of metacognition, mindfulness, and mind-mindedness, a model depicting the
dynamics of a shared reading activity is proposed. Implications for research and practice
are discussed, including suggestions for future research and ways to foster effective
teaching practices.Master of Science
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Scheu, Ian. "The Play's the Thing: An Examination of Play's Role in the Cognitive Development of Adolescents." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2704.
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The study explored the relationship of play and development in adolescents. It was developed to determine if play in adolescents has a cognitive developmental purpose. The research design was a quantitative study with qualitative elements. The design of the study consisted two groups of participants who engaged in either a computer program to test cognitive skills or a computer game which contains the same tests. The participants (N = 216) were adolescent males and females (ages 12-19) from urban mid-Atlantic Catholic high schools. After vetting the data, the total was N = 167 and only included males (ages 14-19). The study indicated that adolescent males performed the cognitive tasks of memory and reading better in the play condition than the work condition and performed the cognitive tasks of logic and mathematics better in the work condition than the play condition. Differences in performance related to age are not present. This study suggests that play may have an effect on adolescents’ cognitive development; therefore, it can be used as an effective method for some types of instruction. The study may contribute to the literature with the groundwork for further research exploring the cognitive nature of play in adolescents and its potential impact on identity formation.
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Pandelara, Zackrisson Olimpia. ""Vi lär av varandra" : Den mångkulturella skolan." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och socialpedagogik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15761.
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Bakgrund: I denna globaliserade värld påverkar situationer som inträffar på andra platser i världen även oss i Sverige. Dessa förändringar i det svenska samhället kan även påverka skolan som får nya utmaningar. Elevunderlaget har blivit mer heterogent med elever från olika länder vilket kräver nya sätt att lära på. Lärande spelar en central roll i allas utveckling och enligt det sociokulturella perspektivet sker denna utveckling i interaktion med andra människor. Alla människor är viktiga i lärandet och var och en kan utvecklas med stöd av andra som kan lite mer än vad man kan själv, denna utveckling ger upphov till det som Vygotskij kallade för den proximala utvecklingszonen. En plats för formellt och organiserat lärande är skolan, men skolan är också en central plats för barn där de bygger upp relationer med andra barn och vuxna som inte tillhör familjen. I den mångkulturella skolan är dessa kontakter med andra utanför familjen en viktig del för lärandet till exempel för den personliga utvecklingen. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att utifrån elevers perspektiv i en mångkulturell kontext, undersöka elevens erfarenheter av lärande i en mångkulturell skola. 0 Metod: Kvalitativ metod användes i studien och data samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade fokusgruppintervjuer med elever i årkurs fem och sex. Resultatet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat och slutsatser: Under analysen framkom fyra huvudkategorier; den mångkulturella skolan, lärande, syn på läraren och skolmiljö vilka sammanlagt resulterade i 15 underkategorier. Eleverna anser att det är givande att vistas i en mångkulturell skola och att lärande sker ständig och i interaktion med kompisarna, lärarna och andra vuxna kring dem utanför skolan. Ett komplement för lärandet var digitala medier som blev ett stöd för eleverna i deras lärande både på skolan som i hemmet.Background: Learning has a central role in everyone's development and according to the sociocultural perspective, this development takes place in interaction with other people. Other people are important so each can develop with the support of others who can little more than themselves, this stimulus gives rise to what Vygotsky called the proximal development zone. The school is a central place for children who, firstly, are a place of learning and, secondly, a place where they build relationships with other children and adults who are not family. In the multicultural school these contacts with others play an important role in learning such as personal development. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate student's perspectives of learning in a multicultural context. Method: Qualitative method was used in the study and data was collected through 5 semistructured focus group interviews with students in grade five and six. The results have been analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results and conclusions: The analysis revealed four main categories; the multicultural school, learning and how the students view the teacher which resulted in a total of 15 subcategories. Students consider it rewarding to stay in a multicultural school. That learning takes place constantly in interaction with friends, even that teachers and adults outside school are an important support for their learning. Digital media as support was something that students used in their learning as a complement both at school and at home.
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Gustafsson, Marina, and Lina Wallgren. "Lärarstudenters möte med matematik : från grundskola till högskola." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4899.
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Alla människor bär på erfarenheter och upplevelser av olika slag. Frågan är hur våra tidigare erfarenheter påverkar oss. Studien belyser några lärarstudenters berättelser om mötet med ämnet matematik från grundskola till högskola. Studien behandlar faktorer i erhållen undervisning av betydelse för utvecklingen inom ämnet, samt hur tidigare erfarenheter kan komma att påverka den egna undervisningen i matematik. Eftersom studien inriktar sig på lärarstudenters berättelser användes en narrativ ansats med kvalitativa intervjuer som metod. Resultatet visar att matematikundervisningen i skolan har präglat lärarstudenterna på olika sätt. Några delger sina negativa erfarenheter medan andra berättar om sina positiva upplevelser. En slutsats som går att dra utifrån studien är att lärarstudenterna kan komma att påverkas av sina tidigare erfarenheter när de i framtiden skall utforma en egen undervisning. När lärarstudenterna beskriver hur de vill planera en matematikundervisning redogör de för en undervisning som skulle ha tillgodosett deras behov som elever i grundskolan. I diskussionen förs ett resonemang om hur lärande kan ske och matematikbokens betydelse i undervisningen.Every human being carries experiences of different kinds. The question is how we are affected by our early experiences. The study highlights a few student teachers and their meeting with math from elementary school to university. The study deals with factors obtained in the education, of the importance of developments in the subject and how past experiences might affect their own teaching of mathematics. Since the study focuses on student teachers’ statements, was a narrative approach to qualitative interviewing method used. The result indicates that mathematic teaching in school has characterized the student teachers in different ways. Some communicates their negative experiences while others tell about their positive experiences. A potential conclusion of this study is that student teachers can be effected by their earlier experiences, when they are about to form an education of their own. When the student teachers describe how they form their mathematic teaching, they communicate about an education that would have seized their own needs as students in elementary school. In the discussion there is reasoning about learning and the importance of the textbook used in mathematics education.
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Maia, Vanessa Alexandra Fernandes. "Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada em educação pré-escolar: a relevância da interação criança-criança em grupos heterogéneos no processo de aprendizagem." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13611.
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O presente relatório corresponde a uma descrição refletida do trabalho desenvolvido na Prática de Ensino Supervisionada em Educação Pré-Escolar, na instituição Centro Infantil Irene Lisboa (CIIL), em contexto de Creche e Jardim de Infância. Este apresenta, inicialmente, uma reflexão fundamentada cujo enfoque é o tema do relatório: a relevância da interação criança-criança em grupos heterogéneos no processo de aprendizagem, sustentada na perspetiva sócio histórica de Vygotsky, nomeadamente no conceito de zona de desenvolvimento próximo (ZDP ) e na abordagem de Lilian G. Katz acerca da contribuição da interação entre crianças de diferentes idades na educação. A sua abordagem metodológica foi desenvolvida ao nível da aplicação de questionários à equipa educativa e pais com quem desenvolvi a PES e da recolha e análise de situações de interação entre crianças em ambos os contextos; Abstract: Supervised Teaching Practice in Preschool Education - The importance of child-child interaction in heterogeneous groups in the learning process.
This report corresponds to a description of the work reflected in the practice of supervised teaching in preschool education, in the institution “Centro Infantil Irene Lisboa” (CIIL), in the context of nursery and kindergarten. This presents initially a reasoned reflection whose focus is the subject of the report, the importance of child-child interaction in heterogeneous groups in the learning process in sustained socio historical perspective of Vygotsky, in particular the concept of zone of proximal development (ZDP) and Lilian G. Katz approach about the contribution of the interaction between children of different ages in education. Their methodological approach was developed to the level of application of questionnaires to parents and educational team who developed the PES and the collection and analysis of the interactions among children in both contexts.
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Yaakub, Baiduriah. "Graphing calculators and the zone of proximal development : a study of fourteen year old Malaysian students development of graphical concepts with technology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020421/.
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This study investigates 14 year-old students' development of graphical concepts using graphing calculators. Two learning models based on two broad interpretations of Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development" were implemented to gauge the role of graphing calculators in technology-based learning. Epistemological case studies were used to ascertain the extent to which the graphing calculator facilitated the learning of key graphical concepts. To this end, students of different levels of mathematical attainment were observed to determine the different kinds of understanding they derived from using the technology. The 24 students participating in the study were pre and post tested, and formed into two groups. One group was taught according to a structured, teacher-led learning model, and the other group was taught according to an open-ended, activity-led learning model. What emerges from the study is the complexity of the teaching and learning situation when technology is incorporated. A student's learning of graphical concepts with the graphing calculator was the result of an interplay between his/her knowledge of the functionality of the graphing calculator, existing mathematical knowledge and the nature of teacher intervention. The use of the graphing calculator raises the issues of the ordering or sequencing of learning of graphs from simple linear equations to those perceived as more complex polynomials. With the graphing calculator, students were able to learn much more than was thought possible. Changes in students' mathematical learning were accompanied by a change in the role of the calculator from a static display tool to a mediational tool. The study also highlights the issues of teachers' roles when technology is incorporated including teacher's content knowledge, and the ways in which teachers intervene with students, in particular how teachers deal with students' semantic and syntactic errors in using the calculator.
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Ireland, Dennis V. "Enhancing student performance in the Australian Mathematics Competition : a heuristic-based intervention technique using Vygotsky's 'Zone of proximal development' principle." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1985. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10076.
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The purpose of this study was to attempt to enhance performance in the Australian Mathematics Competition of a group of Western Australian Year 9 students, to a level beyond that which they might have been expected to attain, through the use of a heuristic-based intervention technique using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development principle.Since 1978, students of mathematics in Australian high schools have been meeting the challenge of the Australian Mathematics Competition. This national competition aims to provide students with a sense of achievement in mathematics and to emphasise the importance of this subject in the high school curriculum.Vygotsky's zone of proximal development refers to the difference between a student's actual developmental level and the student's potential developmental level given adult assistance. In effect, this means that while students may achieve to a plane commensurate with their actual developmental level, they will progress into their zone of proximal development with assistance and their level of achievement will rise. Vygotsky's concept of Intervention coupled with Siegler's concept of heuristic-based strategy learning provided a methodology suitable for enhancing and maximising developmental effects in this study.The study involved three distinct stages: the preparatory phase, the treatment phase and the concluding phase.In the preparatory phase, student's actual developmental levels were determined based on their performance in the 1979 Junior level Australian Mathematics Competition paper. This data facilitated identifying the paths that learning should follow in order that students' problem solving skills should improve. During this phase, students also attempted an Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) test entitled 'Test's of Reasoning in Mathematics' (TRIM). This measure was used to monitor expected development ++in mathematics reasoning ability for students over the period of the study.The treatment phase involved the students in over 35 hours of instruction which exposed them to a heuristic-based intervention technique designed to enhance their performance in problem solving. Students practised various problem solving techniques and the Australian Mathematics Competition ittself became the focus for improved performance.An index of improvement was provided in the concluding phase of the study by scores obtained from the treatment group on the 1982 Intermediate level Australian Mathematics Competition paper. Scores were significantly higher than the national average of either the Year 9 or Year 10 groups. The second ACER 'TRIM' test verified that the students achieved their expected development in mathematics reasoning ability during the study.The implication of this result is that the practice of restricting students to year groups or courses on the basis of age should be examined in the light of the Vygotskian principle.
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Lindberg, Anna-Lovisa. "Luft ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv : En undersökning om hur barn i fem års ålder beskriver begreppet luft och dess egenskaper med hjälp av artefakter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43588.
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The purpose of this study is to find out how five-year-old children describe air and its properties from a sociocultural perspective. Semi-structured group interviews with children two and two were performed with artifacts to give the children something to discuss around. As artifacts were a plastic bag, balloon pump, balloon, scale, pinwheel and soap bubbles used. The children show ability to use air and other concepts related to air, an example being blow, to describe the activities connected to the artifacts. The children can describe the properties of air with the help of artifacts and each other and the properties described were air exists, take up space, can be captured, be moved, weigh, is invisible, can be used as a force and is everywhere. The children did not relate the contents of soap bubbles to air.Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur femåringar beskriver luft och dess egenskaper utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer med barn två och två genomfördes där artefakter valdes för att barnen skulle ha något att diskutera kring. Som arte-fakter användes en påse, ballong, ballongpump, våg, vindsnurra och såpbubblor. Barnen visar att de kunde använda begreppet luft och andra begrepp kopplade till luft så som exempelvis blåsa, för att beskriva aktiviteterna kopplade till artefakterna. Barnen visade även att de kan förklara luftens egenskaper med hjälp av artefakterna samt varandra och egenskaperna som förklarades var: luft finns, tar plats, kan avgränsas, förflyttas, väger, är osynligt, kan verka med en kraft och finns överallt. Barnen visade ingen koppling att såpbubblor innehåller luft.
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Owen-Berghmark, Erica, and Marie Svensson. ""På samma sätt som man servar bilen så måste man serva sitt ledarskap" : En studie om deltagares uppfattningar efter medverkan i ledarutvecklingsaktiviteter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252097.
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Det uppfattas idag som en självklarhet att fortsätta lära och utvecklas genom hela livet. Årligen spenderas stora summor på ledarutveckling, vilket har väckt ett intresse att undersöka denna form av utbildningsaktiviteter. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vad som kan ligga till grund för valet att delta i ledarutvecklingsaktiviteter utifrån en fallstudie hos Stelena, samt hur deltagarna uppfattar att dessa aktiviteter bidrar till lärande och praktisk användbarhet. Fyra frågeställningar formulerades; Vilka motiv framkommer för deltagande i dessa aktiviteter? På vilket sätt uppfattar deltagarna att kompetenser och verktyg genereras i aktiviteterna? På vilket sätt uppfattar deltagarna att ledarutvecklingsaktiviteterna influerat deltagarna och bidragit till ett lärande? Hur uppfattar deltagarna möjligheterna att kunna använda genererade kompetenser och verktyg i sitt dagliga arbete? För att få en ingång till våra frågeställningar tog vi inledningsvis del av tidigare forskning inom området ledarutveckling. För att insamla vårt empiriska material genomfördes sju intervjuer. Därefter analyserades materialet med inspiration av pragmatisk diskursanalys, samt med hjälp av utvalda teoretiska utgångspunkter; aktivitetsteorin, proximala utvecklingszonen, samt reflekterande handling. I detta analysförfarande urskildes en norm, att individers problemformuleringar i aktiviteterna kunde ses som ett dialektiskt spel mellan det individuella och kollektiva. Resultatet visar att motiv till att delta ofta grundade sig i ett behov av stöd. Således har det visat sig att kommunikation och reflektion i ledarutvecklingsaktiviteterna tycks generera redskapen. Likväl som kommunikation ligger till grund för verktygsskapandet uppfattades kommunikativ kompetens och ett reflekterande förhållningssätt viktigt i rollen som ledare. Ledarutvecklingsaktiviteterna har vidare bidragit med redskap vilka lärt individer hantera situationer utifrån nya perspektiv. Det har framkommit hur aktiviteterna gett en ökad förståelse för betydelsen av att lära känna sig själv, medarbetares olikheter och således hur dessa lärdomar bidrar till ett mer effektivt ledarskap. Resultatet visar hur individer upplever att de haft nytta av flera av de verktyg som genererats, både för egen del och för organisationen i stort.Present conception is that individuals are under constant development and learning during their entire life. Every year a large amount of money is spent on leadership development. There has been an increasing interest to such educational activities. The aim of this study is to examine, what the basis beyond participation can be in leader development activities, through a case-study at Stelena, and how participants perceive that the activities contributes to learning and practical use. Four questions were framed; which motives for participation in these activities appear? In which way do participants perceive that competencies and tools generates in the activities? In which way do participants perceive that the leader development activities have influenced them and contributed to learning? How do participants perceive the ability to use acquired competencies and tools in their daily work? In order to find answers to our questions, we took part of recent science connected to leader development. Seven interviews were done in order to collect our empirical material. With inspiration from pragmatic discourse analysis and with theoretical base, the material was analysed. Our theoretical bases are activity theory, the zone of proximal development and reflective action. In the analysis work we did distinguish a norm, that problem formulations in the activities could be seen as a dialectical game between the individual and the collective. The result shows that motives beyond participation many times were based on a need of support. It has been shown how communication and reflection in Stelena leader development activities appear to generate tools. As well as communication and reflection is underlying the creation of tools, communicative competence and a reflective approach are seen as very useful in the role of a leader. Stelena has also provided tools, which have taught individuals to manage situations from new perspectives. The study shows how the activities increased the understanding of the importance to get to know oneself, differences of co-workers and in what way such learning contributes to more effective leadership. The result shows how individuals experienced great usefulness of those tools, both for themselves and for the organisations.
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Nascimento, Leandro Tenório do. "Proficiência em matemática: discalculia e características da aprendizagem no ensino fundamental II e no ensino médio." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1591.
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This research aims to evaluate the proficiency levels in math, students of the 6th year of primary school to the 3rd year of high school, with reference to the proposed content in the curriculum of the first four years of elementary education I. starts from assumption that these early mathematical concepts are very important in the mathematical logical reasoning construction process, being necessary therefore a follow-up arrest of this knowledge by students in later grades to key I, through polls and pedagogical interventions. With the quantitative and qualitative nature, characterized as case studies, carried out in two schools in the public school system, taking care to select one of those in peripheral region, which serve children from disadvantaged communities and other school in more centralized region in city center for pupils from different social classes of Franco da Rocha, city of São Paulo. The investigative research aims to identify the predisposition of dyscalculia among the evaluated students and the degree of difficulty that is presented in the subject, since the assessment that was applied consisted of questions with proposals abilities by the São State Education Paul, the mathematics curriculum and their technologies for students of 1st to 4th grade of elementary school, students in the 6th grade of elementary school II the 3rd year of high school. The research methodology was based according to the descriptive comments Robert Bogdan and Sari Biklen (1994).
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar os níveis de proficiência em matemática, de alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental ao 3º ano do ensino médio. Teve como referência os conteúdos propostos no currículo oficial da Secretaria a Educação dos primeiros 4 anos do ensino fundamental I. Parte-se do pressuposto de que esses conceitos matemáticos são muito importantes no processo de construção do raciocínio lógico matemático, sendo necessário, assim, acompanhar a apreensão desses conhecimentos pelos alunos das séries posteriores ao fundamental I. Foram realizadas intervenções pedagógicas caracterizando-se como estudo de casos, realizado em duas escolas da rede pública, escolhendo uma região periférica e outra escola em região mais centralizada da cidade de Franco da Rocha, na Grande São Paulo. A pesquisa tem como finalidade identificar a pré-disposição á discalculia entre os alunos avaliados e seu grau de dificuldade. A pesquisa constava de questões com habilidades propostas pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo, no currículo de Matemática e suas Tecnologias para alunos de 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental I, em alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental II ao 3º ano do ensino médio. A metodologia de pesquisa foi construída segundo as observações descritivas de Robert Bogdan e Sari Biklen (1994).
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Nordblad, Elin. "Uttrycksformer som stöd för att utveckla begreppsförståelse : En studie om hur elevers möten med olika uttrycksformer skapar erfarenheter som möjliggör utvecklande av begreppsförståelsen i den marknadsdominerande läroboken för F-3." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86143.
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Eftersom läroboken har en dominerande roll i den svenska matematikundervisning är det av vikt att läroböckernas innehåll är av god kvalitet och arbetar mot de mål som skolans styrdokument strävar mot. Begreppsförståelsen kan förstås som grunden i det matematiska tänkandet. Denna förmåga utvecklas i takt med att eleven får nya erfarenheter och kunskaper kring matematiska problem i olika sammanhang. Ett möte med uttrycksformer av stor variation skapar erfarenheter och hjälper eleven utveckla sin begreppsförmåga. Syftet med denna studie är att få en förståelse för vilka uttrycksformer eleven får möta i det marknadsdominerande läromedlet för grundskolans lägre åldrar samt hur eleven får möjlighet att använda uttrycksformerna som ett verktyg i utvecklandet av begreppsförmågan. Resultatet av studien visar att eleverna får få tillfällen att möta olika uttrycksformer och lära sig använda dem som ett stöd för att utveckla sin begreppsförståelse i matematik. Studien belyser även vikten av elevers kunskap att översätta uttrycksformer till en annan uttrycksform för att erhålla en bredare förståelse för begreppens betydelse.Since the textbook has a dominant role in Swedish mathematics education, it is important that content is in good quality and works towards the goal of Swedish education. Conceptual understanding can be understood as the basis of mathematical thinking and develops as the student gains new experiences and knowledge of mathematical problems in different contexts. A meeting with a variety of representations can create new experiences and help the student develop a god conceptual understanding. The purpose of this study is to understand what forms of representations the pupils may encounter in the market-dominant textbook for the elementary school. As well the possibility the students have using representation as a tool to create conceptual understanding. The results of the study show that the students are given few opportunities to meet a variation of representations and learn how to use them as a support to gain the conceptual understanding. The study also highlights the importance of students’ ability to translate representations to gain a broader conceptual understanding.
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Ruuth, Sofia. "Muntlig språkutveckling i klassrummet : Lärares uppfattningar och deras praktik." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64993.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the opportunities for oral language development that teachers offer pupils during lessons in Swedish in grade 3. The following questions guided the study: how do teachers perceive that they offer the pupils opportunities for oral language development in their teaching and what possibilities for oral language development do teachers offer pupils? The methods used to answer the questions are interview and observation of two teachers in two different classrooms. In all, two interviews and four observations were conducted. An observation schedule was used during the observations and the interviews were semi-structured, based on the same questions. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The collected material showed that the oral activities which the teachers said they offered their pupils were working in pairs or small groups, whole-class conversations and drama. The teachers said that they interacted with the pupils through taking turns and asking questions. The activities the teachers offered their pupils during the four observations were whole-class conversations led by the teacher, structured conversations in small groups and spontaneous conversations among pupils and between pupils and teacher, and interactive book reading. The interactions used by the teachers took the form of speech, questions and body language. The conclusion of the study is that teachers must have more tools for taking advantage of opportunities to let the pupils develop their oral language. The view of what oral language development can involve should also be broadened.
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ARRUDA, Juliana Silva. "Tecnologias digitais e emergência de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal na sala de aula." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19674.
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ARRUDA, Juliana Silva. Tecnologias digitais e emergência de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal em sala de aula. 2016. 105f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-22T13:22:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jsarruda.pdf: 3571578 bytes, checksum: bf4966a1777257a5f02840cc145943e2 (MD5)
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Brazil is experiencing a period of technological immersion in all areas of society and every day, technologies are created that power the various human activities. The school should monitor the resulting changes of technological resources and be open to new educational possibilities to develop contemporary practices, from the inclusion of computers in school activities. Computers are features that enable interaction in group activities, the exchange of ideas and opinions; or the research of other realities. Thus, this study aims to analyze how the computer through digital resources used in activities collaboratively, can emerge Proximal Development Zone (ZDP). This research was developed in a municipal school in Aquiraz / CE, in groups of two or more learners. Qualitative methodology with interpretative character was used. The research technique involved participant observation, with micro genetic analysis and as tools for collecting videos and daily data field. Planned activities included the curriculum subjects, the use of computer and some Internet resources. The methodological procedures were considered from a micro genetic approach, and defined with the statement of contemporary researchers, as Meira and Lerman (2009) and Colaco et al. (2007) which expanded and interpreted new concepts of the ZDP Vygotsky (1994). The results were analyzed according to categories at the time of data analysis. In the first category, interaction among peers, was detailed as group activities, and peer contribution contributed to the development of the zone. In the second category, interaction with someone more experienced, involved contributions and assistance from someone more experienced, contributing to facilitating learning. The next third, technology support, has detailed the use of technology by students and contributions of this resource for teaching and learning processes. In the last category, student Protagonism discussed how students managed to overcome their level of development and can act as author of knowledge itself, and observed two characteristics: Activism and autonomy. The results highlighted times when resources combined with peer interaction promote and facilitate the emergence of ZPD, resulting in learning, promoting performances and authoring postures of these learners in the process.
O Brasil vivencia um período de imersão tecnológica em todas as áreas da sociedade, e a cada dia são criadas tecnologias que potencializam as diversas atividades humanas. A escola deve acompanhar as mudanças advindas dos avanços tecnológicos e ficar atenta às novas possibilidades educacionais para desenvolver práticas contemporâneas, a partir da inserção de computadores em atividades curriculares. Estes recursos possibilitam a interação nas atividades em grupo, na troca de ideias e opiniões; ou para a pesquisa de outras realidades. Dessa forma, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como o computador, por meio de recursos digitais, utilizados em atividades realizadas colaborativamente, pode fazer emergir Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública municipal de Aquiraz/CE, em grupos de dois ou mais aprendentes. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com caráter interpretativo. A técnica de pesquisa envolveu a observação participante, com análise microgenética, e, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, vídeos e diários de campo. As atividades planejadas envolveram as disciplinas curriculares, o uso do computador e alguns recursos da Internet. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram considerados a partir de uma abordagem microgenética, e definidos com a fundamentação de pesquisadores contemporâneos, como Colaço et al. (2007) e Meira e Lerman (2009), que ampliaram e interpretaram novos conceitos da ZDP de Vygotsky (1994). Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com categorias, no momento da análise dos dados. A primeira categoria – Interação entre pares – foi detalhada como as atividades em grupo, e a participação dos pares contribuiu no desenvolvimento de ZDP. A segunda categoria – Interação com alguém mais experiente – envolveu contribuições e assistência de alguém mais experiente, contribuindo para facilitação da aprendizagem. Na categoria seguinte – Suporte da tecnologia – foram detalhados o uso da tecnologia pelos alunos e as contribuições desse recurso para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Na última categoria – Protagonismo estudantil – foi discutida a maneira como os alunos conseguiram ultrapassar seu nível de desenvolvimento, podendo atuar como autores do próprio conhecimento, sendo observadas duas características: Ativismo e Autonomia. Os resultados destacaram momentos em que os recursos, aliados à interação entre pares, promovem e facilitam a emergência de ZDP, acarretando aprendizagem e promovendo atuações e posturas de autoria desses aprendentes em seu processo.
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Lundberg, Johanna. "Förskollärarens roll i barnets språkutveckling : en jämförelse mellan Reggio Emilia-inriktningen och Vygotsky." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-746.
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Inom området barnets utveckling borde pedagogiken och kognitionsvetenskapen samarbeta. Pedagogikinriktningen Reggio Emilia påstår bygga sin verksamhet på delar av bland annat Vygotskys teorier. I denna rapport utvärderas detta påstående utifrån frågan: Har förskollärarna inom Reggio Emilia-förskolan stöd hos Vygotskys teorier när det gäller deras roll i barnets vardagsspråkliga utveckling. Reggio Emilia-inriktningens och Vygotskys åsikter om språk och lärarens roll analyseras och jämförs med ett hermeneutiskt angreppssätt. Analysen visar att det finns skillnader mellan Reggio Emilia-inriktningens syn på förskollärarens roll när det gäller barnets vardagsspråkliga utveckling och Vygotskys teorier inom området. Trots skillnaderna visar ändå analysen att Reggio Emilia-inriktningen har fått stora influenser ifrån Vygotsky. Resultatet visar således att även om stödet från Vygotskys teorier inte är hundraprocentigt så finns det där. Undersökningen visar också att pedagogiken och kognitionsvetenskapen kan samarbeta framgångsrikt.
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Eklund, Elin. "Att ha mediebranscherfarenhet som medielärare : En kvalitativ studie av fem medielärares uppfattningar om sin kompetens." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3127.
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Byrne, Kathry. "THE GIVE AND TAKE OF PEER REVIEW: UTILIZING MODELING AND IMITATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1438036070.
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Arruda, Juliana Silva. "Tecnologias digitais e emergÃncia de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal na sala de aula." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17730.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO Brasil vivencia um perÃodo de imersÃo tecnolÃgica em todas as Ãreas da sociedade, e a cada dia sÃo criadas tecnologias que potencializam as diversas atividades humanas. A escola deve acompanhar as mudanÃas advindas dos avanÃos tecnolÃgicos e ficar atenta Ãs novas possibilidades educacionais para desenvolver prÃticas contemporÃneas, a partir da inserÃÃo de computadores em atividades curriculares. Estes recursos possibilitam a interaÃÃo nas atividades em grupo, na troca de ideias e opiniÃes; ou para a pesquisa de outras realidades. Dessa forma, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como o computador, por meio de recursos digitais, utilizados em atividades realizadas colaborativamente, pode fazer emergir Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola pÃblica municipal de Aquiraz/CE, em grupos de dois ou mais aprendentes. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com carÃter interpretativo. A tÃcnica de pesquisa envolveu a observaÃÃo participante, com anÃlise microgenÃtica, e, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, vÃdeos e diÃrios de campo. As atividades planejadas envolveram as disciplinas curriculares, o uso do computador e alguns recursos da Internet. Os procedimentos metodolÃgicos foram considerados a partir de uma abordagem microgenÃtica, e definidos com a fundamentaÃÃo de pesquisadores contemporÃneos, como ColaÃo et al. (2007) e Meira e Lerman (2009), que ampliaram e interpretaram novos conceitos da ZDP de Vygotsky (1994). Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com categorias, no momento da anÃlise dos dados. A primeira categoria â InteraÃÃo entre pares â foi detalhada como as atividades em grupo, e a participaÃÃo dos pares contribuiu no desenvolvimento de ZDP. A segunda categoria â InteraÃÃo com alguÃm mais experiente â envolveu contribuiÃÃes e assistÃncia de alguÃm mais experiente, contribuindo para facilitaÃÃo da aprendizagem. Na categoria seguinte â Suporte da tecnologia â foram detalhados o uso da tecnologia pelos alunos e as contribuiÃÃes desse recurso para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Na Ãltima categoria â Protagonismo estudantil â foi discutida a maneira como os alunos conseguiram ultrapassar seu nÃvel de desenvolvimento, podendo atuar como autores do prÃprio conhecimento, sendo observadas duas caracterÃsticas: Ativismo e Autonomia. Os resultados destacaram momentos em que os recursos, aliados à interaÃÃo entre pares, promovem e facilitam a emergÃncia de ZDP, acarretando aprendizagem e promovendo atuaÃÃes e posturas de autoria desses aprendentes em seu processo.
Brazil is experiencing a period of technological immersion in all areas of society and every day, technologies are created that power the various human activities. The school should monitor the resulting changes of technological resources and be open to new educational possibilities to develop contemporary practices, from the inclusion of computers in school activities. Computers are features that enable interaction in group activities, the exchange of ideas and opinions; or the research of other realities. Thus, this study aims to analyze how the computer through digital resources used in activities collaboratively, can emerge Proximal Development Zone (ZDP). This research was developed in a municipal school in Aquiraz / CE, in groups of two or more learners. Qualitative methodology with interpretative character was used. The research technique involved participant observation, with micro genetic analysis and as tools for collecting videos and daily data field. Planned activities included the curriculum subjects, the use of computer and some Internet resources. The methodological procedures were considered from a micro genetic approach, and defined with the statement of contemporary researchers, as Meira and Lerman (2009) and Colaco et al. (2007) which expanded and interpreted new concepts of the ZDP Vygotsky (1994). The results were analyzed according to categories at the time of data analysis. In the first category, interaction among peers, was detailed as group activities, and peer contribution contributed to the development of the zone. In the second category, interaction with someone more experienced, involved contributions and assistance from someone more experienced, contributing to facilitating learning. The next third, technology support, has detailed the use of technology by students and contributions of this resource for teaching and learning processes. In the last category, student Protagonism discussed how students managed to overcome their level of development and can act as author of knowledge itself, and observed two characteristics: Activism and autonomy. The results highlighted times when resources combined with peer interaction promote and facilitate the emergence of ZPD, resulting in learning, promoting performances and authoring postures of these learners in the process.
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Gustafsson, Anna, and Helene Kling. "Utmaningar och möjligheter i skrivundervisningen : några lärares uppfattningar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4754.
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Dagens samhälle är i stort förändrat och den mängd information som samhället utgörs av ställer stora krav av kunnighet på läs- och skrivförmåga. Läs- och skrivkunnighet handlar om att för att kunna fungera i samhället ska en individ ha förmåga att använda språk och text, att kunna tillgodose de behov och de personliga mål som finns, samt att utvecklas i enlighet med sina personliga förutsättningar. Det finns dock stora skiljelinjer mellan det muntliga och skrivna uttrycket som kan göra det hela än svårare för eleverna i skrivundervisningen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om och i så fall vilka utmaningar några lärare i årskurs tre uppfattar att elever kan ställas inför i samband med att de utvecklar sitt skriftspråk samt vilka möjligheter som undervisningen kan erbjuda. Studien bygger på den kvalitativa metoden med intervjuer som datainsamling och har det sociokulturella perspektivet enligt Vygotskijs teori. Studien visar enligt lärarnas uppfattningar att undervisningen kan innehålla många bidragande positiva faktorer för att en elev ska bli motiverad till att skriva men det kan också vara en utmaning. En viktig och betydande förutsättning för att eleven ska kunna arbeta med sina skriftliga texter är den runtomliggande miljön. Lärarna uppfattar att elevernas intressen och erfarenheter kan tillvaratas. Eleven kan dock finna svårigheter att följa textstrukturens skriftliga regler. Genom undervisningen kan läraren åskådligöra för eleven skriftliga strategier för att medvetandegöra språkets struktur. Datorn kan skänka många möjligheter för eleverna, framförallt de med finmotoriska svårigheter.Today´s society is basically changed and the amount of information that the society is constituted of sets big requirements on read- and typing ability. Literacy stands for that to function in the society we need the capacity to use the language and text, to be able to use individual needs and personal goals and to develop within the personal conditions. The verbal and written language is different in many ways that can make it a lot more difficult for the pupil in teaching of the written language. The aim with this study is to examine if and in that case which challenges teachers’ in third degree apprehension that pupils can meet when they develop their written language and which possibilities teaching can offer. This study builds on the qualitative method with interviews as collection of data and has the sociocultural perspective according to Vygotskijs theory. According to the teachers apprehensions the study shows that teaching can contain many positive contributions for a pupil to be motivated to write but can also be challenging. The social context is an important and considerable condition for the pupil to be able to write. The pupils’ interests and their experiences can according to the teachers be used as teaching content. The pupil can however find difficulties to follow text structure. Throughout the teaching the teacher can illustrate written strategies towards the awareness of the written languages structure. The computer provides many possibilities for the pupils, above all the pupils with practical difficulties to write.
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Bassot, Barbara. "Becoming a different person in the zone of proximal development : a case study of sixth form students making career and HE choices." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49172/.
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Wu, Zhonghe. "The study of middle school teachers' understanding and use of mathematical representation in relation to teachers' zone of proximal development in teaching fractions and algebraic functions." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1218.
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This study examined teachers' learning and understanding of mathematical representation through the Middle School Mathematics Project (MSMP) professional development, investigated teachers' use of mathematics representations in teaching fractions and algebraic functions, and addressed patterns of teachers' changes in learning and using representation corresponding to Teachers' Zone of Proximal Development (TZPD).
Using a qualitative research design, data were collected over a 2-year period, from eleven participating 6th and 7th grade mathematics teachers from four school districts in Texas in a research-designed professional development workshop that focused on helping teachers understand and use of mathematical representations. Teachers were given two questionnaires and had lessons videotaped before and after the workshop, a survey before the workshop, and learning and discussion videotapes during the workshop. In addition, ten teachers were interviewed to find out the patterns of their changes in learning and using mathematics representations.
The results show that all teachers have levels of TZPD which can move to a higher level with the help of capable others. Teachers' knowledge growth is measurable and follows a sequential order of TZPD. Teachers will make transitions once they grasp the specific content and strategies in mathematics representation. The patterns of teacher change depend on their learning and use of mathematics representations and their beliefs about them.
This study advocates teachers using mathematics representations as a tool in making connections between concrete and abstract understanding. Teachers should understand and be able to develop multiple representations to facilitate students' conceptual understanding without relying on any one particular representation. They must focus on the conceptual developmental transformation from one representation to another. They should also understand their students' appropriate development levels in mathematical representations.
The findings suggest that TZPD can be used as an approach in professional development to design programs for effecting teacher changes. Professional developers should provide teachers with opportunities to interact with peers and reflect on their teaching. More importantly, teachers' differences in beliefs and backgrounds must be considered when designing professional development. In addition, professional development should focus on roles and strategies of representations, with ongoing and sustained support for teachers as they integrate representation strategies into their daily teaching.
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Annenkov, Marie-José. "La lecture conjointe : modes d'appréhension d'un album jeunesse et postures de lecteur entre 18 mois et 36 mois : étude menée en bibliothèque de quartier." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20002/document.
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Nous avons cherché comment, dans une situation de lecture conjointe, la mère et l’enfant appréhendent l’album de jeunesse et comment, de ce fait, s’instaurent chez l’enfant de 18 mois-36 mois les premières postures de lecteur. Se demander comment la mère et l’enfant découvrent l’album de jeunesse, dans ce triangle Mère/Album/Enfant conduit alors à analyser leurs modes d’appréhension : interactifs, cognitifs, d’objet, narratifs, émotionnels, de subjectivation. Nous étudions également les liens de ces modes d’appréhension avec les postures de lecture de l’enfant et ses conséquences dans l’éveil de son être au livre. Au plan empirique, auprès d’un échantillon constitué de 21 dyades mère-enfant, nous avons procédé en trois temps. Tout d’abord, nous avons réalisé un premier entretien qui nous a permis de recueillir le discours des mères quant aux pratiques familiales de chaque enfant. Dans un second temps, nous avons filmé les dyades, lisant toutes le même album à leur enfant dans une bibliothèque de quartier. Enfin, trois mois après chaque observation filmée, nous avons mené un second entretien qui constituait alors une analyse méta vidéo. A partir des résultats obtenus, nous avons ainsi pu définir la lecture conjointe comme une aire intermédiaire, pouvant s’apparenter à l’Aire Intermédiaire de Winnicott (1971) et à la Zone Proximale de Développement de Vygotski (1933). Nous avons ainsi conceptualisé l’Aire Intermédiaire de Lecture Conjointe (AILC). Nous avons également approfondi, dans une perspective du développement du jeune enfant lecteur, le concept de Lecteur potentiel de Frier (2006)Our study focuses on the mother /child shared reading experience and how the first reading postures are thereby awakened in the 18 to 26 month old infant. How exactly do the mother and child discover the children’s book? The mother/book/child triangle leads us to an analysis of their mode of apprehension: interactive, cognitive, of the book object, of the narrative, emotional, subjectivity. The link between these different modes of apprehension is also studied along with the child’s reading postures and their consequences on the infant’s discovery of the book. On the empirical level, a sample, consisting of 21 mother/child dyads was studied in three stages. First of all an interview was carried out which allowed us to collect information concerning family practices from the mother of each child. Second, the mother/child dyads were filmed, the mothers all reading the same story to their child in a local library. And lastly, three months after each filmed observation, a second interview consisted in a meta video analysis. The results obtained from this study enabled us to define the joint reading as an intermediary zone, close to Winnicott’s Intermediary Zone (1971) and Vygotski’s Next Proximal Zone of Development (1933). We thus conceptualized the Intermediate Zone of Shared Reading (IZSR). We also went further into Frier’s concept of Potential Reader, keeping in mind the perspective of the development of the infant reader
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Choquet, Céline. "L'art au collège : quels effets pour les élèves ? un observatoire dans une classe expérimentale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2097.
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Cette recherche doctorale a pour axe l’élaboration et la mise à l’épreuve d’un modèle évaluatif de l’éducation artistique centré sur les effets de l’art et les normes d’un atelier. Au cœur de ce modèle : la « pédagogie » de l’artiste et sa relation avec l’élève, s’adressant à un sujet à part entière, visant à développer sa singularité et son autonomie au sein du collectif grâce à la création partagée. La thèse développe l'hypothèse d'une « zone proximale de développement spécifique » (A. Kerlan, 2008) générée par le travail artistique et l'expérience esthétique dans une co-construction favorisant un processus de subjectivation pour le jeune, grâce à l’instauration d’un « espace de création » (D. W. Winnicott, 1975). Elle montre comment cette subjectivation passe nécessairement en atelier par un travail double de socialisation et d’individuation, dans les domaines cognitif, social et personnel. Sur le plan empirique, la recherche s’appuie sur les données recueillies dans le cadre d’un observatoire que l’on peut qualifier de microsociologique : il s’agit d’une classe artistique expérimentale, située dans un collège en zone d’éducation prioritaire, à Montpellier, ayant reçu des artistes professionnels en résidence durant quatre années, entre trois et six heures par semaine. Grâce à des méthodes qualitatives (observations directes d’un millier d’heures, films, photographies ainsi qu’une trentaine d’entretiens compréhensifs et semi-directifs) les résultats tendent à démontrer que la mise en place de résidences d’artistes sur la durée, à l’image de l’expérimentation longitudinale présentée dans la présente thèse, permet de proposer une éducation par l’art servant la formation de la personne dans son être globalThis doctoral research has for main line the development and testing of an evaluative model of arts education focused on the effects of art and the standards of a workshop. The central issue of this model: the "teaching skills" of the artist and his relationship with the student, addressing a subject in itself, to develop its uniqueness and autonomy within the group through the shared creation. The thesis develops the hypothesis of a "zone of proximal development specific" (A. Kerlan, 2008) generated by the artistic work and aesthetic experience in a co-construction encouraging a process of subjectivation for the young, thanks to establishment of a "creative space" (Winnicott, 1975). It shows how this subjectivity necessarily going in the studio with a double work of socialization and individuation, in the cognitive, social and personal. Empirically, the research is based on data collected as part of an observatory that can qualify for the micro: it is an experimental artistic class, located in a college education area priority in Montpellier, having received professional artists in residence for four years, between three and six hours per week. Through qualitative methods (direct observation of a thousand hours, films, photographs and a thirty understanding and semi-structured interviews) the results suggest that the development of artists in residences duration, like the longitudinal experiments presented in this thesis, allows us to offer an education in art for the formation of the whole person be global
Esta investigación doctoral se centra en la elaboración y la puesta a prueba de un modelo evaluador de la educación artística centrada en los efectos del arte y las normas de un taller. En el centro de este modelo: la 'pedagogía' del artista y su relación con el estudiante, afín de dirigirse à un sujeto plenamente, para desarrollar su singularidad y su autonomía dentro del colectivo a través de la creación compartida. La tesis desarrolla la hipótesis de una "zona proximal de desarrollo específico" (A. Kerlan, 2008) generada por el trabajo artístico y la experiencia estética en una co-construcción que favorece un proceso de subjetivación de los jóvenes, mediante el establecimiento de un "espacio de creación" (D. W. Winnicott, 1975). Muestra cómo esta subjetivación en el taller pasa necesariamente por un doble trabajo de socialización y de individualización, en los ámbitos cognitivo, social y personal. En el marco empírico, la investigación se basa en los datos recogidos en el contexto de un observatorio que podría describirse como micro-sociológico: Se trata de una clase experimental artística situada en un colegio de una zona de educación prioritaria en Montpellier, que ha recibido a artistas profesionales en residencia durante cuatro años, entre tres y seis horas por semana. A través de métodos cualitativos (observaciones directas de mil horas, películas, fotografías, así como unas treinta entrevistas comprensivas y semiestructuradas), los resultados tienden a demostrar que el establecimiento de residencias de artistas en la duración, a la imagen de la experimentación longitudinal presentada en esta tesis, permite ofrecer una educación artística para la formación de la persona en su ser global
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Whiteman, Peter John School of Music & Music Education UNSW. "How the bananas got their pyjamas: A study of the metamorphosis of preschoolers' spontaneous singing as viewed through Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Music and Music Education, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17801.
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Throughout childhood, children experience the social semiotic of music in a variety of ways. As they sing, dance, move, and play, they enjoy making and listening to music. Childhood is also a time of immense change. During their early years, children grow and develop at a faster rate than at any other time in their lives, displaying an intense proliferation of ways of knowing about the world. As part of the industrious activity that accompanies this explosion of knowledge, children sing many songs. It is through sensitive investigation of these songs that we can begin to understand what children know about music, and the place that it is afforded in the social milieux within which they participate. Children???s songs have been the focus of investigation for a number of years, with a range of studies reporting on the manner in which they reflect musical development. Several researchers have reported on children???s songs from a developmental perspective, while others have focussed on the social and functional contexts of the songs. These various approaches have established some basic principles concerning the development of children???s musical skills and knowledge. It is accepted that as children mature, they are likely to exhibit changes in their musical understanding and abilities. However, the diverse range of inquiries that have been undertaken, although rigorous, have resulted in fragmented and irresolute information about the manner in which these changes take place. Research into all areas of children???s development has recently undergone a paradigm shift, with current views focussing on the agency of children and their development within a social context. Such perspectives view the acquisition of knowledge as a dynamic process that occurs as children interact with others, and therefore place great importance on a range of environments in which this knowledge gain takes place. This thesis reports on a 3-year longitudinal study of eight preschool-aged children who were attending a long day care centre in Sydney. Regular video-recordings were made of the children???s spontaneous singing during free play, with each child recorded approximately once per month. Camera tapes were examined and all examples of the participants??? singing were transferred to VHS tapes for transcription and analysis. The resulting 443 songs were transcribed using Western notation, and each play episode and associated song then coded for musical aspects such as song type, melodic range and level of temporal organisation, as well as social aspects such as song function and social roles taken on by the children. The notion of social role was informed by Vygotsky???s Zone of Proximal Development. In addition to base data such as the child???s name and the date of the observation, the resultant dataset was transferred to a qualitative software package (NUD???IST) for subsequent analysis and interpretation. Results of the study indicate that the children used songs for specific purposes, and that patterns of musical development were distinctly different for each child. While interacting with their playmates, the children used both explicit and implicit tools to acquire and transmit musical signs. During this process, the status of knowledgeable other was often conferred on a playmate by a less knowledgeable member of the group, and was not solely dependent on chronological age. The results exhibit some congruence with prior studies, especially those for which the social context of music-making was an important consideration. The findings expand previous developmentally-based investigations by showing that conceptions based on a unidirectional model of musical development, closely linked to chronological age, need to be refined to consider the diversity of social contexts and generative processes within which children???s musical cultures can be defined. The current study supports a modular conception of musical development allied with recent social reconstructions of childhood. Some substantiation of previously reported Western musical universals was found in the children???s production of a specific form of chant, and their ability to operate within meaningful musical units such as phrases. The thesis includes a discussion of practical and theoretical implications that arise from the findings. Several implications for the classroom are offered. Among the most important are that children???s musical constructions should be utilised as important components of planned teaching and learning experiences, because they are capable of producing sophisticated music if afforded the opportunity to do so. Careful observation of existing musical knowledge and its incorporation in teachers??? programming will facilitate an efficient and appropriate mode of teaching and learning, based on the needs and interests of the children. As the children were able to scaffold each other in the process of transmitting and acquiring musical knowledge, it appears advantageous to group them in mixed ages for at least some part of the week. However, without some intervention on the part of the teacher, it seems that they would likely rely on a fairly restricted collection of scaffolding behaviours. Additional research is recommended to determine the value of a number of strategies that can be used to meet the musical needs of preschool-aged children beyond the current research site. Indeed, the outcomes of the study question the importance of striving for a unidirectional model of musical development, immersed in the veil of teleology, and suggest that further research be undertaken in the area of children???s songs, which acknowledges the social agency of children, and their roles in their own musical cultures.
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Salmon, Joseph L. "A Case Study of Grade-Level Meetings and Coaching Conversations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77112.
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The goal of this research project was to determine the content of the discourse occurring in grade-level meetings and coaching sessions and participants' perceptions of how the conversations in these two venues impacted learning and practice for individual teachers. Learning Forward's Standard for Professional Learning (2001) recommended that teachers organize into learning communities providing continuous learning opportunities to enhance adult learning and collaboration. Little (2003a) found that research was lacking that described the dynamics of communities of practice that promote teacher learning. It was in the content of the discourse that a proxy for evidence was found that the actions of the instructional coaches and grade-level meetings impact teacher growth. A case study was utilized to examine these structures and processes for job-embedded professional development at a school located in the eastern United States.
Research questions focused on the nature of the discourse among teachers and coaches in the grade-level meetings and in individual coaching conversations. Teachers reported what they felt that they learned in the grade-level meetings and the coaching discussions. Additionally, teachers stated what they did differently as a result of this method of professional learning occurring in grade-level meetings and coaching discussions. Finally, the school's improvement plans were compared with the conversations in the grade-level meetings and coaching sessions.
Verbatim transcriptions of recordings of grade-level meetings and coaching sessions provided data which revealed categories of content, coaching roles, and patterns of discourse. The goals of the meetings and coaching were to ensure communication about school district policies and to set expectations for teacher performance and student learning. Assertions generated provided patterns of discourse that identified roles of the principal, coaches, and teachers.
This investigation utilized a descriptive content discourse analysis and found support for the finding that the actions of this emerging community of practice were directed by federal, state, and local polices for teacher performance and student learning. Patterns of discourse revealed roles of administration, coaches, and teachers as they collaborated to negotiate meaning through the building of a shared repertoire. Interview data revealed that these dynamics enhanced teacher growth in many cases; however, lack of teacher input may have limited some potential opportunities.Ed. D.
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Ström, Ida. "Vad har vi läst? : Tre svensklärare om sin syn på litteratursamtal som ett didaktiskt redskap." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65426.
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The aim of the present study is to investigate how three Swedish teachers view literary discussion as a tool for teaching and learning. A socio-cultural perspective with Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development and Dysthe’s dialogic/monologic classroom serves as the theoretical point of departure. The study is based on qualitative semistructured interviews with three Swedish teachers, all working in upper secondary school. An interview guide was established on the basis of previous research in the field of literary discussion. The interviews showed that the teachers had a positive view of conversations and discussions as a tool for teaching and learning, since they see good progression in the pupils’ reading comprehension, their conception of literature, and analytical ability. Literary discussions are chiefly appreciated as a tool that comes into its own as a method in teaching an aspect of a subject and as preparation for a written examination. Another finding is that the teachers’ positive outlook on literary discussion includes a view of teachers as being active and present when help and support should be close at hand for the pupils.
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Hultgren, Terese. "Handdockan i förskolans verksamhet : Ett verktyg, flera synsätt och många möjligheter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43522.
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Syftet med undersökningen är att studera förskollärares olika synsätt på handdockan i förskolan. För att undersöka detta använde jag metoden gruppintervju, vilket gav mig möjligheten att intervjua tre förskollärare samtidigt. Metoden bidrog till att respondenterna argumenterade för sina åsikter samt skapade diskussioner kring ämnet, då alla intervjuades samtidigt och på så vis kunde ta del av varandras åsikter. Det empiriska materialet analyserades genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där Lev S. Vygotskijs teorier är centrala (Kroksmark, 2011). Genom Vygotskijs teorier om språket, fantasi och verktyg identifierades tre temaområden som vidare visade sig vara olika synsätt på handdockan. Undersökningens resultat visar att handdockan kan användas som motivator, kommunikationsverktyg samt att den vuxna genom handdockan kan närma sig barnets värld. Resultatet påvisar hur viktigt det är att en vuxen deltar i barnets vardag, vilket jag relaterar till det som Vygotskij (Kroksmark, 2011) kallar för den proximala utvecklingszonen. Genom denna undersökning framkommer det att handdockan kan användas som ett framgångsrikt verktyg med flera synsätt och många möjligheter i förskolans verksamhet.The purpose of this survey is to examine the teaching approaches among preschool teachers. In order to examine the purpose of the survey I held a group interview with three preschool teachers, a method which allowed the respondents to discuss the topics and argue for their opinions all together. The empiric data was analyzed through a sociocultural perspective in which the theories of Lev S. Vygotsky are central (Kroksmark, 2011). Through these theories concerning language, fantasy and tools, three themes, which eventually turned out to be various teaching approaches on the hand puppet, were identified. The result of the survey shows that the hand puppet can be utilized as a motivator, a tool for communication and to make its grown-up user come closer to the child’s world. The result of the survey emphasizes the importance of grown-up’s participation in children’s everyday life, which I relate to what Vygotsky (Kroksmark, 2011) identifies as the zone of proximal development. Furthermore the survey shows that the hand puppet may be used as a successful tool, with several teaching approaches and many possibilities in preschool.
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Jacques, Siméia Tussi. "CONSTITUIÇÃO DE ZONA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PROXIMAL NA APRENDIZAGEM DE CONCEITOS GEOMÉTRICOS EM ALUNOS DE ANOS INICIAIS TENDO O GEOGEBRA COMO INSTRUMENTO MEDIADOR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6759.
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This paper views technologies as human constructs, becoming as such in the objectification process, having a specific function when shared within the social practice. Among the technologies, it is possible to highlight the media inventions for having multiple utilities alongside the accumulated human intelligence in producing and reproducing its material life, modifying the human relationships and nature. The school, considered as a privileged place where knowledge is shared, faces the paradigm to follow the path done by the intellectual human development, besides ensuring the re-flexibility on the actions as we establish in the world. It is pictured, in school, the singular role of teacher and students, in mediated relationships aiming at achieving the human culture. It is important to focus attention on that issue, in order to reflect on the purpose of teaching geometrical concepts, using the mediating software called GeoGebra. Nevertheless, it is not any type of teaching that accepts the majority of formation concepts, as well as by the fact that it is not any mediation that qualifies for such process, under the zone of proximal development (ZPD) perspective, based on the cultural-historical theory. It was performed a qualitative field research focused on the cultural historical perspective among 5th graders of Elementary School attending a private school in Santa Maria/RS. As for the methodological procedures, it was selected the participant-observation, semi-structured interview followed by an opened questionnaire and field journal, besides the elaboration of activities created in the GeoGebra software and digital records. The analysis of content was used for data analysis, therefore being characterized by the different methodological resources. As for the results, it is possible to conclude that the digital tools are an indirect means for human action around him, alongside his presence in the educational context as changing the teaching perspectives. On the other hand, in order to transformations of spontaneous knowledge into scientific knowledge occur, the child needs, undoubtedly, the teacher to act as the organizer of activities to foster learning, promoting collaborative actions to reach their goals.Este trabalho compreende as tecnologias como construtos humanos, constituindo-se como tal no processo de objetivação, que quando compartilhados, passam a ter uma função específica no interior da prática social. Dentre as tecnologias, as invenções midiáticas se destacam pelas múltiplas utilidades que assumem, e pela história acumulada de inteligência humana em produzir e reproduzir sua vida material, modificando as relações humanas e a própria natureza. A escola, locus privilegiado em transmitir os conhecimentos acumulados historicamente, insere-se, portanto, no paradigma de acompanhar o transcurso do desenvolvimento intelectual humano, e ainda garantir a reflexibilidade sobre as ações que estabelecemos no mundo. No espaço escolar, tem-se a imagem ímpar do professor e estudantes, em relações mediadas no objetivo de apropriação da cultura humana. A este aspecto direcionamos nossos olhares, para a reflexão do processo educativo intencional de formação de conceitos geométricos, utilizando o instrumento mediador software GeoGebra. Haja vista, que não é qualquer ensino que concebe a máxima formação de conceitos, e pela compreensão de que não é qualquer mediação que o qualificam, é que assumimos neste trabalho a zona de desenvolvimento proximal (ZDP), com base na teoria histórico-cultural. A pesquisa é de campo-qualitativa com enfoque sócio-histórico e contou com a participação ativa de estudantes do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental I, de um colégio privado do município de Santa Maria/RS. Como procedimentos metodológicos, aderimos à observação participante, entrevista semiestrutura com aplicação de questionário aberto e diário de campo, além da elaboração de atividades produzidas com o software GeoGebra e de registros digitais. Como técnica para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo que pelos diferentes recursos metodológicos foram categorizados. Como resultados, destacamos que as ferramentas digitais se constituem um meio indireto de ação do homem com o seu entorno e sua presença no contexto educativo modifica as relações didáticas. Mas que para ocorrer a transformação de conhecimentos espontâneos por parte da criança em conhecimento científico, necessita da presença incontestável do educador com a organização de atividades intencionais de ensino, promovendo ações colaborativas para atingir seus objetivos.
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Knutsson, Sabina. ""En dum fråga får ett dumt svar...klart man tänker sig för innan man frågar" : Ett elevperspektiv av sambandet mellan formativ bedömning och lärande i ett yrkessammanhang." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5443.
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I studien undersöks sambandet mellan elevers upplevelser av lärarnas formativa bedömningar och effekten av lärandet i ett yrkessammanhang. Tidigare forskning visar att kommunikation kring lärandet är viktigt för att en vidare utveckling ska ske. Framförallt måste de kunskaper som saknas i förhållande till målen definieras av både lärare och elever, samt att målens kvalité är tydlig för båda parter. Avsikten är att öka förståelsen av hur yrkeslärare kan ge eleverna ett yrkeskunnande i linje med nationella målbeskrivningar via sin formativa bedömning. Undersökningen är gjord med kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer i en yrkesförberedande utbildning på två Hotell- och restaurangprogram. Den sociokulturella teorin om lärandet och den proximala utvecklingszonen har använts för att analysera resultatet. Resultatet visar att eleverna upplever att lärarna värderar specifika yrkeskvalitéer som speglar den yrkeskulturella förståelsen högst i samband med bedömningen. Dessa är enligt eleverna handlingskraft, arbetstempo, samarbetsförmåga, självständighet och att kunna prestera ett gott resultat. Lärandet i yrkessammanhanget saknar formativa bedömningar i den mening att lärarna inte kommunicerar kursmålen eller ger återkoppling på elevernas prestationer och utveckling. Lärarna förmedlar att yrkeskvalitéer bedöms genom kroppsspråk, kritisk återkoppling och det krav som ställs på eleverna att arbeta utan handledning. Resultatet visar också att eleverna redaninnanlärandetillfället måste ha ett tekniskt kunnande för att nå upp till lärarnas krav på yrkeskvalitéer. Yrkessammanhanget utgör en problematik kring det individuella lärandet eftersom undervisningen inte utgår från den enskilde elevens förutsättningar och behov. Vidare diskuteras den motsättning som utgör en yrkeslärares profession, att kunna förena kursmål och programmål med den egna synen på relevant kunskap inom ett yrkesområde, samt hur detta ska förmedlas och läras ut till eleverna.
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Russel, Hartley Brenda. "Patterns of propleptic challenge in whole-class communication strategies : How language is used to optimise cognitive within the concept of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531623.
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Vassilopoulou, Christine. "A world of drama : a critical investigation into the opening up of the world view zone of proximal development through drama in 3 year-7 classes." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442683.
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Agulhas, Ronald. "The perceptions of intermediate phase educators about the implementation of stories for thinking in one Western Cape Education Department region." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7756_1355407161.
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South Africa had a change in government and in education after the 1994 elections. A new curriculum was introduced and some of the underlying critical outcomes were to develop the learners to become critical thinkers. The methodology by which to teach these outcomes was not clear. An intervention programme, Philosophy for Children (P4C) is used in some countries across the world to promote thinking. Research across the world has shown that this programme has the ability to enhance the cognitive abilities of learners exposed to it. Stories for Thinking (SFT) is an intervention programme based on the principles of Philosophy for Children and was introduced in some schools in an Education District of the Western Cape. This study investigates the perceptions of Intermediate Phase educators about the implementation of Stories for Thinking in this Education District. Educators were asked their strengths and challenges of the approach, their way of using it and the support they received. A qualitative research method was used and data were gathered to answer the research questions by means of questionnaires and interviews. Research findings indicate that educators perceived that Stories for Thinking was able to enhance the reading ability of the learners, it showed a significant improvement in their confidence levels, and a positive change in their general behaviour. Language was seen as a barrier to learning, but the evidence indicates that the community of inquiry can be used as a tool to overcome some of the barriers. It seems as if educators valued the support from the project leaders. It is concluded that this kind of intervention programme is worth introducing as long as all the role-players play their part and the setting is conducive.
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Alves, Vanessa da Silva. "A construção do conceito de número racional no sexto ano do ensino fundamental." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1217.
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This work was developed from the preparation, implementation and analysis of a didactical sequence aimed to promoting the learning of concept of rational number by students in the sixth year of elementary school. We used the concept of zone of proximal development by Vygotsky and the treatment and conversion concepts developed by Duval. It is believed, in accordance with Duval, that the concept can only occur when the student is able do the treatments and the conversions of mathematical objects and, in accordance to Vygotsky, that the process of teaching and learning should be geared to the needs of individuals. This research is theoretically and methodologically basad the Didactic Engineering, methodology aimed to studying the work in the classroom by internal validation, that is, comparing what the student knew before having contact with an educational tool to learn what he achieved after the completion of the work. The didactical sequence proposed could provide students with the appropriation of the concept of rational number, that is, they managed to make the treatments and conversions with the following forms of representation of rational numbers: natural language, decimal, fractional and figural. This form, assisting them in performing daily activities that involve on mathematical object.Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento, na aplicação e na análise de uma sequência didática destinada à promoção da apropriação do conceito de número racional por alunos do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental. Foram utilizados o conceito de zona de desenvolvimento proximal de Vygotsky e os conceitos de tratamento e conversão desenvolvidos por Duval. Acredita-se, conforme Duval, que a conceituação só pode ocorrer quando o aluno é capaz de realizar os tratamentos e as conversões dos objetos matemáticos e, segundo Vygotsky, que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem deve ser voltado para as necessidades dos sujeitos. Essa pesquisa tem como fundamento teórico-metodológico a Engenharia Didática, uma metodologia que busca estudar os trabalhos desenvolvidos em sala de aula por meio de um processo de validação interno, isto é, confrontando aquilo que o aluno sabia antes de ter contato com o instrumento didático com aquilo que ele conseguiu compreender após a realização do trabalho. A sequência didática proposta pode propiciar aos alunos a apropriação do conceito de número racional, isto é, eles foram capazes de realizar os tratamentos e as conversões com as seguintes formas de representação do número racional: em língua natural, decimal, figural e fracionária. Fato que pode auxiliar os alunos na realização de atividades cotidianas que envolvam este objeto matemático.
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Karlsson, Jenny, and Stina Utterdahl. "Hur hör digitala läromedel i matematik ihop med formativ återkoppling? : En kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84763.
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Digitaliseringen sprids i samhället, inte minst inom skolan. Allt fler klassrum använder digitala läromedel och inom matematik finns det många förlag som marknadsför sig med återkoppling. Formativ återkoppling syftar till att svara på tre återkopplingsfrågor vilka är ”vart är jag på väg?”, ”hur ska jag komma dit?” samt ”vad är nästa steg?”. I denna studie har vi analyserat fyra digitala läromedel inom matematik som alla marknadsför sig med återkoppling. Vi har med hjälp av en innehållsanalys försökt synliggöra hur digitala läromedel arbetar med formativ återkoppling. Resultatet visar att endast ett av dessa fyra läromedel använder alla fyra återkopplingsstrukturer. Vi har även försökt identifiera vilka möjligheter elever får för att se sitt eget lärande när de får återkoppling från digitala läromedel.Digitalization is spreading in society, not least in schools. More and more classrooms use digital teaching materials and in mathematics there are many publishers who market their tools as providing feedback. Formative feedback aims to answer three feedback questions which are “where am I going?”, “how do I get there?” and “what’s the next step?”. In this study, we have analyzed four digital teaching resources in mathematics, all which market themselves as providing feedback. With the help of a content analysis, we have tried to show how digital teaching materials work with formative feedback. We found that only one of these four digital teaching materials uses all four feedback structures. We have also tried to identify the opportunities provided to students to help them see their own learning when they receive feedback from digital teaching resources.
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Brinkley, Steven. "Reading Heart of Darkness in the ESL/EFL Classroom : A Case Study in Student Response to Literary Didactic Methodologies Designed to Enhance Aesthetic and Efferent Reading of a Literary Text in Language Instruction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39257.
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The purpose of this degree project has been to examine the implications of the provision of certain methodological support mechanisms, what has often been referred to as "instructional scaffolding" in literary didactics, to assist students in the ESL/EFL classroom in their interaction with the various literary texts into which they come into contact during their English language education at the upper secondary level in Sweden. My primary interest has been to gauge the response of the students involved in this study to the particular types of literary didactic methods utilized, for example, regarding their effectiveness in aiding the learning process as well as their impact on the literary, or aesthetic, experience itself. An analysis of student responses to a literature instruction module based on a reading of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness will demonstrate that certain forms of literary didactic methods in general, and significantly, particular forms of what can be conceptualized as instructional scaffolding, play a crucial role for both the learning process and the student's aesthetic experience of literature.
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Golden, Anna Mary. "Making the Forest Together: Young Children Represent a Shared Experience in Clay." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1184.
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This thesis examines the strategies young children use to develop a common set of goals when collaborating on a group art work. Teachers at Sabot School spend a great deal of time in discussion of children's group work. By concentrating on one project in my preschool classroom, I reached a greater understanding of the way children work together on a group project. This understanding enriched my practice of teaching so that I could become a better facilitator of similar projects in the future. The information is valuable to me and the other Sabot School teachers when planning future group projects, especially when discussing strategies for supporting children's group processes. It is also be of value to teachers and education students who are interested in learning about the Reggio Emilia approach in American classrooms, social constructivism in the classroom, and the possibilities of art in early childhood. In this project, my four and five year old students worked together to create a clay sculpture of a wild area outside the playground fence at our school. I was interested in the way I could support this group project using Vygotsky's idea of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). In the ZPD a child can accomplish tasks they are not developmentally ready to master if they have the support of a teacher or more skilled peer. This study revealed that children and teachers can use words and actions to support cognitive as well as social-emotional learning while working together.
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Grängshem, Elena, and Johanna Mangnäs. "Flerspråkighet och kommunikativa strategier : En studie om sex förskolors arbete med tvåspråkighet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118837.
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Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka hur sex förskolor arbetar med barn som har annat modersmål än det svenska språket. Vi har efterforskat vilka metoder förskolor använder för att stödja barnens språkutveckling och den kulturella identiteten. För att ta reda på det har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ intervjustudie med pedagoger på förskolor. Vi har valt att göra intervjuerna i Stockholms innerstad och förorter, där pedagoger på förskolorna har erfarenhet av att jobba med barn som har ett annat modersmål än svenska. Vårt mål med studien är att granska om de arbetar olika i Stockholms innerstad i jämförelse med förorter till Stockholm och i sådana fall, på vilka sätt. Vårt resultat visar att alla förskolor använder sig av olika strategier men att ingen av dem har tillgång till modersmålsstöd. Alla pedagoger använder sig av redskap som böcker och de använder sig av bilderna i böckerna för att få en visuell bild tillsammans med barnen. Språk är ett annat redskap som används regelbundet i pedagogernas arbete.
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Hasselgren, Melanie. "Det känns som att barnen kan mer än vad vi kan ibland : Förskollärares uppfattningar om bildskapande som estetisk lärprocess och digitala verktyg i Lpfö18." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73151.
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This thesis focus on the change in goal within the revised curriculum where digital techniques are included and the preschool teachers’ perception of pedagogical work with aesthetic learning processes. The study has a phenomenographic approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. The analysis points out differences and similarities in the preschool teacher’s perceptions of image creation. The result of the study show that the preschool teachers’ perceptions show similarities and differences in children´s free image creation and the controlled image creation initiated by the adults. The preschool teacher’s perceptions of the controlled image creation show that it is often used as an aesthetic learning process to learn another subject or to process an experience while the perceptions of free image creation are that it happens more often spontaneously. It is used in the different theme areas of the preschool, because they perceive themselves lacking in knowledge and/-or interest. The preschool teacher’s perceptions of digital tools in relation to the preschool’s revised curriculum are that it is seen as a complement to analogue tools, but that the environment believes that the digital will replace analogue tools. The preschool teachers perceive that they lack knowledge about digital tools and that makes it difficult to implement it in teaching so that it will become a natural part of the teaching. The conclusion is that the preschool teachers are perceived to have a basic knowledge in the field of image creation and the digital tools. In order for the image creation and the preschool’s revised curriculum to be implemented, preschool teachers need more knowledge. Through knowledge is interest born and with more interest and knowledge, more aesthetic learning processes are created.Med utgångspunkt i hur förskollärare uppfattar hur förskolans reviderade läroplan med digitala tekniker och förändrad målbeskrivning så är syftet för studien att fördjupa förståelsen kring hur förskollärare uppfattar det pedagogiska arbetet med estetiska lärprocesser med fokus på bildskapande. Undersökningen genomfördes med en fenomenografisk metodansats och halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Analysen genomfördes för att synliggöra skillnader och likheter i förskollärarnas uppfattningar om bildskapandet. Resultatet visar att förskollärarnas uppfattningar om det fria bildskapandet är barninitierat och sker spontant. Detta ses som det” riktiga” bildskapandet och barnen skapar tillsammans med kompisar. Förskollärarnas uppfattningar om det styrda bildskapandet visar att det ofta används som estetisk lärprocess till att lära ett annat ämne eller för att bearbeta en upplevelse. Det används inom förskolans olika temaområden, detta för att de uppfattar sig själva sakna kunskap och/- eller intresse. Förskollärarnas uppfattningar om digitala verktyg i relation till förskolans reviderade läroplan är att det ses som ett komplement till analoga verktyg, men att omgivningen tror att det digitala ska ersätta analoga verktyg. Förskollärarna uppfattar att de saknar kunskaper kring digitala verktyg och det gör det svårt att implementera det i undervisningen så att det ska bli en naturlig del i undervisningen. Slutsatsen är att förskollärarna uppfattas ha en grundkunskap inom bildskapandet samt de digitala verktygen. För att bildskapandet och förskolans reviderade läroplan ska kunna genomföras så behöver förskollärarna få mer kunskap. Genom kunskap föds intresse och med mer intresse och kunskap skapas fler estetiska lärprocesser.