Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Theater of cruelty'

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Romance Languages French." Discipline: Romance Languages; Department/School: Romance Languages.

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The Theater of Cruelty is an Artaudian artistic manifestation that shook the representative Western aesthetic bases by returning the ritual, magic and life suppressed by Western theater to the performing arts, also highlighting controversial subjects / themes silenced by a ruling class, similarly as Friedrich Nietzsche and Gilles Deleuze did with their philosophical thoughts. In view of this, it is proposed with this Master's Dissertation, to (un)fold this Theater of Cruelty having as a theoretical subsidy, besides the studies of Antonin Artaud, the investigations of Nietzsche, Deleuze and some other rebellious thinkers. Through this unfolding, one studies the possible cruel plot given by the Philosophy-Art-Life conjunction and of that, the link between Tragedy, Dionysus and the Artaudian Theater. In view of this panorama, one wonders: what unites these cruel-artist thinkers? What do Nietzsche's Tragedy and the god Dionysus lend to the Theater of Cruelty of Artaud? To this end, the theoretical clause presented here rests on the attempt to account for a study that shows the rhizomatic agreement between these three thinkers and subversive thoughts having as central axis the Theater of Cruelty. Therefore, this theater is staged to propose a connection between Artaudian Cruelty and the revolutionary powers of the Nietzschean and Dionysian tragic.
O Teatro da Crueldade é uma manifestação artística artaudiana que estremeceu as bases estéticas representativas ocidentais devolvendo às artes cênicas o ritual, a magia e a vida suprimida pelo teatro ocidental, evidenciando, também, assuntos/temas polêmicos silenciados por uma classe dominante, similarmente como fizeram Friedrich Nietzsche e Gilles Deleuze com seus pensamentos filosóficos. Diante disso, propõe-se com essa Dissertação de Mestrado, (des)dobrar esse Teatro da Crueldade tendo como subsídio teórico, além dos estudos de Antonin Artaud, as investigações de Nietzsche, Deleuze e alguns outros pensadores rebeldes. Por intermédio desse desdobramento, estuda-se a possível trama cruel dada pela conjunção Filosofia-Arte-Vida e, a partir dessa, o enlace entre Tragédia, Dioniso e o Teatro artaudiano. A partir desse panorama apresentado, pergunta-se: o que une esses pensadores artistas-cruéis? O que a Tragédia de Nietzsche e o deus Dioniso emprestam ao Teatro da Crueldade de Artaud? Para tanto, o recorte teórico que aqui se apresenta repousa na tentativa de dar conta de um estudo que mostre o acordo rizomático entre esses três pensadores e pensamentos subversivos tendo como eixo central o Teatro da Crueldade. Logo, esse teatro se faz palco para propor uma ligação entre a Crueldade artaudiana e as potências revolucionárias do trágico nietzschiano e do dionisíaco.

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Antonin Artaud was a french artist that lived on 20th century. With his theater and lifestyle, he shattered several moral institutions and rules that guided life. Made his life and art a combat. For this same reason, was subject of several reprimands. Artaud, man of theater stage, worked as a film actor, playwright, costume designer, scenographist, illustrator, art critic, an active man among his peers. Begun threading the path of historical avant-garde, and his ideals, especially those connected to surrealism, were aimed at revive theatrical art so it could be used as the place of action on life. Theater as practice of itself. Artaud s works were crucial so he could draw a life that was beyond or earlier of a certain life perspective consonant with its standardizing mechanisms. Beyond Artaud and his theater, this research focus on Nietzsche and Foucault, addressing some concepts dear to those authors. The life of those three were lives that to a certain extent drawn over existence other ways to be part of it. They established an aesthetic of existence from designing their lives as art pieces. Therefore, the research focuses on life and its political dimension seen through quality of life and its experiments. In this sense, draws the authors thoughts for different kinds of political actions
Antonin Artaud foi um artista francês que viveu no século XX. Ele com seu teatro e estilo de vida abalou os diversos programas morais e instituições pelas quais a vida era balizada. Fez de sua vida e arte um combate. Por isso mesmo sofreu diversos tipos de correções. Artaud, homem de teatro, trabalhou como ator de cinema, foi dramaturgo, figurinista, cenógrafo, desenhista, crítico de arte, foi um ativo entre seus contemporâneos. Trilhando inicialmente a esteira das vanguardas históricas e de seus ideais, especialmente o dos surrealistas tinhacomo projeto revivificar a arte teatral para que a mesma fosse usada como o lugar de ação sobre a vida. O teatro como prática de si. A obra de Artaud foi fundamental para que ele pudesse traçar uma vida que se colocava além ou aquém de certa perspectiva de vida vigente com seus mecanismos normalizadores. Além de Artaud e seu teatro a pesquisa enfatiza Nietzsche e Foucault com alguns conceitos caros a esses autores. A vida dos três foram vidas que de certa forma traçaram sobre a existência maneiras outras de estar nela. Instituíram uma estética da existência àmedida que fizeram das suas vidas uma obra de arte. Portanto, a pesquisa enfatiza a vida e sua dimensão política entendida aqui na qualidade de uma vida no e pelos seus experimentos. Para tanto, busca pensar à luz dos autores outros tipos possíveis de politização

Notre approche du théâtre panique d’Arrabal a été dirigée par la perception d’une esthétique paradoxale, d’une dimension éthique et cathartique au cœur d’une théâtralité qui restitue sur scène la confusion de la vie et l’humain dans sa totalité. Cette thèse s’interroge sur les moyens par lesquels Arrabal a créé l’univers panique ainsi que sur les piliers d’une esthétique a priori fondée sur la dérision et l’altération de la réalité, dans une perpétuelle oscillation entre l’outrancier et le fascinant. Il s’agit de comprendre le fonctionnement du dispositif de la cruauté, à la fois dramaturgique et dramatique, et comment se révèle cette tension dialectique entre abject et sublime, à travers une pensée qui se prétend insaisissable. Notre travail cherche donc à situer tout d’abord la naissance de la pensée panique, à questionner la dimension contestataire et subversive de l’œuvre d’Arrabal, et à en envisager les variations et les permanences. La forme brute et primitive de ce théâtre en fait un spectacle qui nous touche et provoque un choc émotionnel qui stimule la pensée. A travers l’exploration de la cruauté enfantine, de la manifestation du cauchemar, du bouleversement des valeurs, de la violence et du blasphème, nous verrons que l’espoir et la quête de soi éloignent ce théâtre du tragique pur et du nihilisme. La merveille de l’enfance, les songes, l’humour, l’érotisme apparaissent alors comme autant de moyens d’une révolte poétique qui permet de tenir tête à une réalité oppressante et d’affronter la condition humaine sans tomber dans le désespoir. Cette polarisation entre le haut et le bas, entre l’espoir et la chute, dans une ritualisation de l’espace scénique, fait du théâtre d’Arrabal un théâtre libertaire et fondamentalement humain, qui devient un moyen d’accéder à la connaissance de soi
Our approach of Arrabal’s panic theater was led by the perception of a paradoxical aesthetic, an ethic and cathartic dimension at the heart of a theatricality bringing to the stage the confusion of life and human condition. This Ph.D thesis questions the means by which Arrabal created the panic paradigm and the foundations of an aesthetic first of all based on mockery and distortion of reality, perpetually oscillating between outrage and fascination. Our aim is to understand how cruelty is expressed, both dramatically and theatrically, and how the dialectical tension between abject and sublime is revealed through a vision often considered evasive. We first seek to understand when the panic concept was born, to question the subversive and protesting side of Arrabal’s work and to point out what changes and what remains the same through his productions. The crude and primitive nature of this theater makes it a performance that brings out an emotional shock and stimulates the audience’s mind. By exploring the themes of children’s cruelty, nightmare, abrupt change of values, violence and blasphemy, we will see that hope and the ontological quest keep this theater from pure tragic and nihilism. Childhood, dreams, humor, and eroticism appear as forces which feed a poetic revolt, to stand up against an oppressive reality and fight against human condition without falling into despair. This polarization between the high and the low, the hope and the fall, by a ritualization of the scenic area, makes Arrabal’s theater libertarian, fundamentally human, and therefore a means to know oneself

Le théâtre de la cruauté d’Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) participe à une libération des langages artistiques au profit du sens déterminante dans l’histoire de l’art du XXème siècle. Dans ce théâtre, l’acteur représente le point de départ d’un langage originaire fondé sur le souffle et le geste qui favorise une communication affective avec le spectateur. Le théâtre musical de la cruauté de Wolfgang Rihm (1952) s’inspire de ce langage à travers les thématiques du rite, du mythe et du rêve, porteuses d’un théâtre inhérent à la vie. Ces thématiques sont propices au développement d’une vocalité qui rend perceptible la corporalité du chanteur grâce à une déconstruction de la matière langagière. Rihm exploite la matière phonique de la langue sous forme de glossolalies, cherche différents aspects du cri en tant qu’élément premier du langage, utilise le souffle comme une matière sonore. Cette vocalité rejoint son approche instrumentale qui travaille le son à partir du timbre, du rythme et de l’intensité sans chercher à l’enfermer dans une logique systémique. Intégrée au processus compositionnel, la disposition des musiciens et des chanteurs dans l’espace rejoint également la conception d’un espace scénique vivant dans le théâtre d’Artaud. Au fur et à mesure de son théâtre musical de la cruauté, Rihm laisse ses matériaux sonores inspirés par Artaud se réécrire dans une forme de palimpseste
The theater of cruelty of Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) participates in a liberation of artistic language over decisive meaning in the history of 20th century art. In this theater the actor is the starting point for a language of origins founded on breath and gesture, which promotes affective communication with the audience. The musical theater of Wolfgang Rihm (1952) takes it’s inspiration from this language via the themes of ritual, myth, and dream, all which bear a theater inherent to life. These themes are developed through a vocalization, which renders visible the corporeality of the singer through a deconstruction of language matter. Rihm exploits the phonic matter of language in the form of glossolalia, seeking different aspects of the scream as the primal element of language, employing breath as sonorous matter. This vocalization rejoins his instrumental approach, which uses sound drawn from timbre, rhythm and intensity without seeking to enclose it within a logical system. Integrated into the compositional process, the spacial arrangement of the musicians and the singers rejoins the concept of a living scenic space in Artaud’s theater. As Rihm’ s musical theater of cruelty progresses, it allows the sonoral matter inspired by Artaud to rewrite itself in a form of palimpsest

This thesis is an examination of the theoretical concepts of Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) and their relation to the Elizabethan theatre. I propose that the dramas of the age of Shakespeare and the environment in which they were produced should be seen as an integral part of the Theatre of Cruelty and essential to its very understanding. The development of the English Renaissance public theatre was at the mercy of periods of outbreaks and abatements of plague, a powerful force that Artaud considers to be the double of the theatre. The claim for regeneration as an outcome of the plague, a phenomenon causing intense destruction, is very specific to Artaud. The cruel and violent images associated with the plague also feature in the theatre, as do its destructive and regenerative powers. The plague and its surrounding atmosphere contain both the grotesque and sublime elements of life Artaud wished to capture in his theatre. His theory of cruelty is part of a larger investigation into the connection between spectacle, violence, and sacrifice explored by Mikhail Bakhtin, René Girard, and Georges Bataille.

Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 14, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 35). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar uma das obras mais importantes do escritor francês Antonin Artaud, Le Théâtre et son double, explorando o universo artaudiano, a partir de conceitos, como a peste e a crueldade. O estudo procura abordar a proposta de Teatro da Crueldade e as críticas feitas por Artaud em relação aos espetáculos apresentados na França na década de 1930. Por meio de uma crítica ao chamado teatro psicológico, Artaud exalta um teatro constituído por diversas linguagens, não restrito à mera reprodução do texto. Sem a pretensão de abordar a extensa obra escrita por Artaud, a dissertação tem como objetivo tratar de aspectos revelantes dos conceitos tratados por Artaud, como a crueldade e a peste, tentando identificar em sua proposta de teatro, o desenvolvimento de conceitos ligados à psicanálise, como a pulsão de morte. Procuramos, ainda, discutir o processo de criação de Artaud, problematizando a figura do Pai em sua escrita e a chamada outra cena do inconsciente que seria aberta pelo teatro da crueldade.
The purpose of this research is to analyse one of the most important works of Antonin Artaud, The Theater and its double (Le Théâtre et son double), exploring his universe from concepts like the pest and cruelty. The study seeks to analyse the proposal of the Theatre of Cruelty and the criticisms made by Artaud in relation to theatrical performances presented in France in the 1930s. By making a critique of the psychological theater, Artaud ideates a theater consisted of different languages, not restricted to the simple reproduction of the text. Without attempting to address the extensive work by Artaud, the dissertation aims to analyse some aspects of important concepts created by Artaud, as the cruelty and the pest, trying to identify in its proposal for the theater, as well as the development of concepts related to psychoanalysis, like the death drive. We also aim to discuss the creation process of Artaud, by analyzing the figure of the Father in his writing and the so called \"other unconscious scene\" that would be opened by the theater of cruelty.

This study aims to investigate and directorially apply Antonin Artaud's concept of The Absolute in order to destabilise the victim/perpetrator binary between the characters Beth and Jake in Sam Shepard's play text, A lie of the mind (1986). Previous theoretical analyses of Beth and Jake in A lie of the mind frame them as victims of their circumstances and as victims and perpetrators of violence (Bottoms 1998:16). I will explore the violent relationship between them in the context of the victim/perpetrator binary set up in the original play and re-imagine this binary by creating a radical reinterpretation of the relationship between the characters in a theatre production titled ? (2015). I argue that a directorial treatment of The Absolute assists in destabilising the victim/perpetrator binary present in Beth and Jake's relationship. To reinterpret Beth and Jake's relationship, I explore René Girard's notions of violence, victimisation, and scapegoating, as well as the Artaudian notions of Cruelty, The Absolute, and the Theatre of Cruelty. I apply the Girardian concepts and vocabulary to a reading of the relationship between Beth and Jake. I also discuss the ways in which Artaud and Girard conceptually relate to one another. I then provide a practical exploration within the framework of the Theatre of Cruelty by creating an original production, ? (2015), in which The Absolute facilitates the destabilisation of the victim/perpetrator binary that exists between Beth and Jake. In ? (2015), the relationship between Beth and Jake is reconceptualised and reinterpreted through taking cognisance of the Artaudian-Girardian framework. This dissertation concludes that Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty and the notion of The Absolute are able to destabilise the victim/perpetrator binary between Beth and Jake by replacing sexual desire in their relationship with transcendental love, and reconstructing and reimagining their relationship accordingly.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Drama
MA
Unrestricted

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study presents an interpretative reading of six plays by Hilda Hilst: The Company, The Rat in the Wall, The Auto of the Ship of Camiri, The Birds of Night, The New System, and The Patriarch’s Death, through theoretical assumptions of the Theater of the Absurd, especially those of Eugène Ionesco, and the Theatre of Cruelty, of Antonin Artaud. These plays have in common the distance, at different levels, which they establish in relation to the traditional forms of development and resolution of the dramatic conflicts, configuring themselves as static dramas. Considering the fact that it is an essentially lyrical theater, this study sees lyricism as a style that contributed to the constitution of Modern Arts, with an emphasis on the Symbolist theater of the end of the 19th century, bringing the Hilstian theater closer to the Theater of the Absurd of the XX century and locating its marginality in the Brazilian theater because of its distance from the Brechtian and realistic aesthetics that, at the time of its writing, was predominant in the Brazilian scene.The peripheral situation of Hilda Hilst’s theater here is presented because of the very place that theatrical culture occupies in Brazil, always at a disadvantage if compared to other arts. The singularity of her theater rests in its slippage between dramatic, lyrical and absurd categories, revealing the consciousness of incommunicability and the inability of the hero-poet to ensure human integrity in the eternal totalitarian social systems, hence their approach to the Artaudian Theater of Cruelty. Yet, imploding reality by abstract choices of character composition, action, time and space, the Hilstian dramas present themselves as a resilient and conscious response to the social collapse resulting from human deterioration.
Este estudo apresenta uma leitura interpretativa de seis peças de Hilda Hilst: A empresa, O rato no muro, Auto da barca de Camiri, As aves da noite, O novo sistema e A morte do patriarca, por meio de pressupostos teóricos do Teatro do Absurdo, especialmente aqueles de Ionesco, e os do Teatro da Crueldade, de Antonin Artaud. Essas peças têm em comum a distância, em diferentes níveis, que estabelecem em relação às formas tradicionais de desenvolvimento e resolução dos conflitos dramáticos, configurando-se como dramas estáticos. Considerando o fato de se tratar de um teatro essencialmente lírico, este trabalho enxerga o lirismo como um estilo que contribuiu para a constituição das artes modernas, com ênfase no teatro simbolista do final do século XIX, aproximando o teatro hilstiano do Teatro do Absurdo do século XX e localizando sua marginalidade no teatro brasileiro, em razão de seu afastamento da estética brechtiana e realista que, na época da sua escrita, era predominante na cena brasileira. A situação periférica do teatro de Hilda Hilst é aqui apresentada como consequência do próprio lugar que a cultura do teatro ocupa no Brasil, sempre em desvantagem se comparado a outras artes. A singularidade de seu teatro repousa em seu deslizamento entre categorias dramáticas, líricas e do teatro do absurdo, revelando a consciência da incomunicabilidade e incapacidade do herói-poeta em assegurar a integridade humana nos eternos sistemas sociais totalitários, daí também sua aproximação ao Teatro da Crueldade artaudiano. Mesmo assim, implodindo a realidade por escolhas abstratas de composição de personagens, ação, tempo e espaço, os dramas hilstianos se apresentam como resposta resistente e consciente ao colapso social resultante de deteriorações humanas.

Cette approche de recherche sur Fernando Arrabal et le théâtre panique pointe une période circonscrite à l’œuvre théâtrale du dramaturge dite « panique ».L’objet de cette thèse cherche donc à essayer de comprendre la théorie panique (la mémoire, le hasard et la confusion) ainsi qu’une thématisation sur les différents modèles artistiques de ses pièces paniques et l’influence arrabalienne dans le devenir scénique d’aujourd’hui. L’étude part d’une nouvelle esthétique théâtrale baroque allant du texte à la scène ainsi que de la stratégie utilisée par l’écrivain dramaturge dans ces pièces appelée la cérémonie panique.La problématique centrale est celle de la perception esthétique et cathartique qui plonge le spectateur vers la confusion de la scène et de la vie. Le panique suivant la théorie artauldienne fusionne la réalité et le cauchemar. L’individu est confronté au chaos de la vie jusqu’à la fin tragique de la mort.La dramaturgie arrabalienne mène l’écrivain sur un double questionnement, celui de la quête de la gloire, de l’identité avec la réalité à travers la connaissance de soi et du monde mais aussi aux peurs que cela provoque. La représentation de ce théâtre plonge le spectateur dans un véritable choc émotionnel. Le théâtre panique de Fernando Arrabal est un théâtre universel, mais aussi un théâtre de l’extrême, qui va à l’encontre de la vérité, de la liberté et de la panique. Une panique individuelle et collective qui à travers un théâtre total fait éclater la raison et les carcans sociétaux cherchant un monde meilleur. L’écrivain est d’autant plus d’actualité que la triste réalité nous confronte au théâtre panique
This approach to the research on Fernando Arrabal and the panic theater points out to a specific and limited time of the playwright’s theatrical work called "panic".The aim of this thesis is therefore to try to understand the panic theory (memory, chance and confusion) as well as a thematization on the different artistic models of these panic plays and the Arrabalian influence on the scenic future of today. The study begins with a new baroque theatrical aesthetics ranging from text to scene and from the strategy used by the playwright in these panic plays called the panic ceremony.The central problem is that of the aesthetic and cathartic perception that plunges the viewer into the confusion of the scene and of life. The panic following the Artauldian theory merges reality and nightmare. The individual is confronted with the chaos of life until the tragic end of death.The Arrabalian dramaturgy leads the writer on a double questioning, that of the quest for glory, of identity with reality through the knowledge of the self and of the world, but also that of the fears it fathers. The representation of this theatre plunges the viewer into a real emotional shock. The panic theater of Fernando Arrabal is not only a universal theatre, but also a theatre of the extreme, which goes against the truth, freedom and panic. An individual and collective panic which, through a complete theater, is breaking out reason and social contraints, and also looking for a better world. The writer is all the more topical as the sad reality confronts us with panic theater

Au sein de la pensée de Deleuze, la poésie d'Antonin Artaud apparaît comme la ligne de fuite par excellence à partir de laquelle tout le foisonnement conceptuel deleuzien s'articule. Artaud est en effet celui qui brise l'image de la pensée – ou ce que nous voulons dire habituellement par " penser " en philosophie – en refusant son innéité et son universalité, c'est-à-dire la cogitatio natura universalis. Car pour Artaud comme pour Deleuze, le plus souvent, la pensée s'affronte à son problème véritable, qui est son impouvoir ou son impossibilité. Ainsi, la première partie de la thèse s'attaque à la compréhension de la destitution de l'image de la pensée dans Différence et répétition de Deleuze, à partir de l'idée de " génital inné " d'Artaud dans la Correspondance avec Jacques Rivière. Si l'image de la pensée ne dit rien du processus de penser, de quelle logique sommes-nous capables ? Au travers de la découverte de la logique paradoxale déployée dans les paradoxes de Logique du sens de Deleuze, il s'agira de penser le rapprochement entre Artaud et Nietzsche. L'axe principal de cette partie est la critique du jugement menée par Artaud. Enfin, jeté dans les paradoxes de la vie, la troisième partie envisage le grand impensé de la philosophie qu'est le corps : en effet, de quel corps sommes-nous capables ? L'enjeu, de l'impossibilité de penser à la question du corps - rapprochant L'Ethique de Spinoza du corps sans organes d'Artaud - est bien de renouer la pensée avec la vie, selon le projet du Gai savoir de Nietzsche et qu'Artaud ne cesse de reformuler dès ses premiers écrits. L'impossibilité de penser dit non seulement la séparation d'avec la vie, mais aussi l'impensable qu'est le corps : en effet, que dire de notre propre corps, tel que nous le vivons ? Dans quelle mesure la création de concepts en rhizome dans Mille Plateaux de Deleuze et Guattari explore-t-elle le corps sans organes d'Artaud, ce corps vécu qui reste encore mystérieux pour la pensée ? Artaud souhaitait qu'on l'aime non pas pour son œuvre mais pour sa vie, témoignant d'une grande santé contre un monde malade : l'horizon de l'impossibilité de penser est alors la pensée blessée et profonde assumant la vie elle-même dans toute son opacité
In the thought of Deleuze, the poetry of Antonin Artaud seems like the line of convergence par excellence from which all the Deleuzian proliferation of concepts are developed. Indeed, Artaud is the person who shatters the image of thought – or what we usually mean by " thinking " in philosophy – rejecting its innateness and universality, in other words, the cogitatio natura universalis. Because, for both Artaud and Deleuze, thought is most often confronted by its real problem – its powerlessness or its impossibility. So the first part of the thesis deals with understanding the dismissal of the image of thought in Deleuze's Difference and Repetition, from Artaud's notion of " génital inné " [innate sexuality] in the Correspondence with Jacques Rivière. If the image of thought says nothing about the process of thinking, of what logic are we capable ? Through the discovery of the paradoxical logic deployed in the paradoxes in Deleuze's Logic of Sense, it is a matter of thinking about the connection between Artaud and Nietzsche. The main thrust of this section is a critique of the judgement made by Artaud. Lastly, thrown into the paradoxes of life, the third part considers the great non thought of philosophy, that is the body : indeed, of what body are we capable ? The challenge, the impossibility of thinking about the question of the body - comparing Spinoza's Ethics and Artaud's body without organs - is to reconnect thought with life, in accordance with the intention of Neitzsche's Gai saber [The Gay Science] and that Artaud did not cease to revise from his earliest writings. The impossibility of thought implies not only a separation from life, but also the unthinkable that is the body: indeed, does this mean talk of our own body as we experience it ? To what extent does the creation of a rhizome of concepts in A Thousand Plateaux by Deleuze and Guattari explore Artaud's body without organs, the body experienced that still remains mysterious for thought ? Artaud hoped that he would be loved not for his work, but for his life, testifying to a great health against a sick world: the prospect of the impossibility of thinking is then thought wounded and profound, taking on a life of its own in all its opacity

Churchill’s plays incorporate intensity, complexity, and imagination to create a theatrical landscape that is rich in danger and possibility. Examining her plays through the theoretical lens of Antonin Artaud’s “theater of cruelty” allows an open investigation into the way that violence, transgression, and theatricality function in her work to create powerful and thought-provoking pieces of theatre. By creating her own contemporary “theater of cruelty,” Churchill creates plays that actively and violently transgress physical, social, and political boundaries. This paper examines three of Churchill’s plays spanning over thirty years of her career to investigate the different ways Churchill has used concepts of Artaudian cruelty to layer and complicate the theatrical experience, and each offers a different vision of a modern “theater of cruelty.” A Mouthful of Birds provides a starting point for exploring Artaudian concepts in connection to her work and uses physical, embodied cruelty as a catalyst through which the characters must come to terms with their subjectivity in a system which has allocated their rightful “place” in society. Hotel incorporates the same magnitude of cruelty into everyday rituals and mundane actions, and an Artaudian reading reveals the way in which an ‘invisible’ cruelty acts on both the characters and the audience as a form of erasure through which the “vanished” characters “signal through the flames” in an attempt to re-assert their subjectivity. In Seven Jewish Children, Churchill inverts the cruelty and re-enacts onstage the Artaudian ‘double’ of the terror occurring during the Gaza conflict in order to force the characters and audience into a direct relationship with the cruelty. Using Artaud as a framework through which to investigate Churchill’s work foregrounds the way in which the interplay of cruelty rips apart the commonly accepted cultural norms on which our understanding of the world is based and opens complex and multi-faceted possibilities of interpretation and understanding that are absolutely necessary for investigating the intensity of the theatrical experience in her plays.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
戲劇學研究所
104
As a long lasting theme in drama and theatre, violence has been interpreted and analyzed with well-founded aesthetic system. However, due to the emergence of Sarah Kane’s Blasted, the criticism based on representation was interrupted, revealing the blind sides and shortcomings of standard theatrical aesthetic. After her extreme experiment on the representation of violence in Phaedra’s Love, Kane’s depiction of violence in Cleansed is more like the violence of sensation, which defies interpretation, moral judgment and the confinement of representation. Furthermore, through the characterization of Tinker, Kane indicates the immanence of violence and moral judgment. In 4.48 Psychosis, Kane not only shatters the spectatorship of representation but also turns violence against dramatic text and her own voice as an author. Like Artaud’s Theatre of Cruelty, Kane’s writing tries to eliminate the boundaries between subject and object, representation and presence, us and them through the ideal of experiential theatre. By raising questions about violence and the essence of representation, the ultimate goal of her works is to make author, performance, and spectators immersed simultaneously in the moment of presence.

碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
99
Titled with a crucial moment when a depressed woman awakes before dawn and decides to commit suicide, Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis presents the violent process of a psychotic patient suffering from psychiatric therapy and social normalization. Unlike Kane’s early plays that emphasize the presentation of physical violence, this play is characterized by an excessive use of images and is composed of discontinuous fragments that textualize the violent oppression from society. From Artaud’s theory of Theatre of Cruelty, the use of fragmentary language with images helps to convey one’s inexplicable thoughts and suppressed emotions. Artaud’s view on language sheds new light on the interpretation of Kane’s poetic language in 4.48 Psychosis. Without an explicit indication of characters and plot, Kane uses a fragmentary structure to narrate the patient’s broken thoughts, which are not allowed to be voiced in a normal society. Deprived of the ability of voicing, the psychotic patient strives to communicate with others by incorporating collaged images in her language to visualize the devastated state of her psychological mind. Consisting of four chapters, this thesis examines the language of 4.48 Psychosis and interprets this play as Kane’s ultimate form of protest against the violence of social normalization. Chapter One is an introduction to Kane’s life, the play, the critical opinions, and the theoretical framework. Chapter Two analyzes the fragmentary structure of this play and studies how Kane uses poetic fragments to illustrate the patient’s alienation, psychological discomfort, and self-contradiction. Chapter Three examines the visual and textual images of this play. Both kinds of images assist the patient in her narration of psychological pain and her accusation against society. Chapter Four is the conclusion of the thesis that sums up the Artaudian approach of interpreting Kane’s poetic language in her theatre of violence.

The presented diploma work brings the theory of noise music with the main reason to clarify the pragmatics of its forming and effects. The base of the theory in construct ob the ideas of Antonin Artaud, their reflections and externalizations in the post-structuralist philosophical discourse and intermedial fine arts. Because of the topic, work also observes trends in artictic comunication trough the noise. The aim of work is to formulates the own theory of noise music trough the postulation of cruelty in the artistic speech with emphasis on the explanation of transgresive experience during the noise music performance. The results of the work contributes to the theory of appropriation trough the description of specific medium transmission in the immanent space.

O presente relatório aborda o processo de criação da performance “O Último Tarahumara”, cuja estreia teve lugar no Fórum Grandela em maio de 2021. O resultado deste projeto performativo é marcado pela oposição ao “textocentrismo” e guiou-se por um conjunto de referências teóricas sobre a “declaração de guerra contra os órgãos”, por Antonin Artaud (1947), e pela prática do “corpo-sem-órgãos” de Deleuze e Guattari (1972). Também se moldou pelas intenções com que Artaud tencionava renovar o teatro ocidental europeu. Essas mesmas intenções já o tornavam o grande percursor da Arte da Performance, o que se veio a consolidar no final da década de 60. Artaud conduziu o então paradigma da performance enquanto ação, potência e, sobretudo, presença de corpo. Neste projeto prático o corpo com a sua potência não se torna apenas uma realidade externa observável, controlável ou mensurável. O meu corpo, enquanto performer, criou novos mundos e desterritorializou ações do quotidiano. Toda a conceção desta performance passou por um processo de pesquisa corporal na desconstrução de um corpo moldado à sociedade e que se constrói noutro corpo abstrato a partir de ações do quotidiano – construção de um corpo-sem-órgãos. A par de excertos de textos de Artaud, presentes em Para acabar de vez com o juízo de deus seguido de O Teatro da Crueldade (Artaud, 1975), o objetivo foi colocá-los, enquanto signos textuais, ao mesmo nível dos signos corporais e plásticos, assim como desconstruir as categorias hierárquicas tradicionais do teatro que Artaud propôs.
This report addresses the process of creating the performance "O Último Tarahumara", which premiered at the Fórum Grandela in May 2021. The result of this performative project is marked by opposition to the “centrism text” and was guided by a set of theoretical references on the "declaration of war against organs", by Antonin Artaud (1947), and by the practice of the "body without-organs" of Deleuze and Guattari (1972). It was also shaped by the intentions with which Artaud intended to renew western European theatre. These same intentions already made him the great pioneer of the Performance Art, which was consolidated at the end of the 1960s. Artaud led then the paradigm of performance as action, power and, above all, body presence. In this project, the body, with its power, does not just become an observable, controllable or measurable external reality. My body, as a performer, created new worlds and deterritorialized everyday actions. The whole conception of this performance has gone through a process of body research in the deconstruction of a body moulded to society, and the construction of another abstract body derived from everyday actions – a Body without Organs. Along with excerpts from Artaud's texts, present in To end God’s Judgement followed by The Theater of Cruelty (Artaud, 1975), the goal was to place them, as textual signs, at the same level as the body and plastic signs, as well as to deconstruct the traditionally hierarchical categories of theatre that Artaud proposed.

Mgr. Tomáš Vokáč Engaged Drama of Everyday Life (Socially Engaged French Drama of the late 19th and 20th Century) Abstract This thesis describes the fundamental ontological change in the character of the French drama of the 19th and 20th century which became the basis for the modern French drama of the 20th century. The thesis is based on the analysis of the selected plays with the focus on socially engaged and socio-critical themes. This thesis defines the basic line of development of the socially engaged drama that begins with the work of naturalistic writers Émile Zola and the Goncourt brothers, continues in the form of Henry Becque's playwrights and the authors grouped around Andre Antoine's Théâtre Libre, especially Jean Jullien and his theory of "live theatre", and results in the definition of Eugène Brieux's, François de Curel's and partly Octava Mirbeaua's drama. The opposite character of French theatre and drama at the turn of the 19th and 20th century is described as the counterpart to this line. The thesis provides comparison with the contemporary influences of commercial and subsidized theatres, refers to the symbolist theatre and to the work of late Parnassians. It also closely describes Neo- Romanticism Drama in verse represented by the works of Edmond Rostand, Jean Richepina and, partially,...