Relevant bibliographies by topics / Their analogs and other substances

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Their analogs and other substances'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Their analogs and other substances"

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Grover, Casey, Justine How, and Reb Close. "Fentanyl, etizolam, and beyond: A feasibility study of a community partnership using handheld Raman spectrometry to identify substances in the local illicit drug supply." Journal of Public Health Research 12, no. 2 (2023): 227990362311663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22799036231166313.

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Background: The United States is currently experiencing an unprecedented rise in fatal drug overdoses, which is in part due to the arrival of fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and other synthetic drugs into the illicit drug supply. Traditional urine drug testing is often unable to detect fentanyl analogs and other novel synthetic drugs, which places physicians and first responders in the difficult position of treating patients who are intoxicated with or overdosing on unknown substances. Design and methods: We report, as a feasibility study, the development of a novel program to use a handheld Raman spectrometry device in our hospital’s Emergency Department to surveil our local illicit drug supply in terms of what substances are being sold and used. Results: Using our novel program, we were able to detect 27 substances in our illicit drug supply over a 10 month period, including fentanyl analogues. We shared, through our local opioid safety coalition, real-time information to first responders, substance use treatment programs, and physicians about the novel substances we detected using the handheld Raman spectrometer. Conclusions: A community partnership of using handheld Raman spectrometry in our hospital’s Emergency Department was successful in providing information to health care providers about novel substances in our illicit drug market. Additionally, the implementation of this program improved collaboration between local health care providers and local law enforcement.
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Maria, López‐Ramos, Figueroa‐Valverde Lauro, Díaz‐Cedillo Francisco, et al. "Synthesis of two 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrooxepin‐7‐ylamino)benzoate derivatives as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 6 (2021): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202100095.

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AbstractSome protocols have been used to preparation of oxepine analogs using some substances which require special conditions such as higher‐temperatures or differences in the pH. The objective of this study was to synthesize two new oxepine‐derivatives from a Bicyclo[6.1.0]‐alkyne analog. Besides, the antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determinate. The results showed that protocols used for synthesis of two oxepine analogs do not require special conditions to give a good yielding. Other data showed that oxepine analogs decreased the growth bacterial of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, in this investigation a facile method for the synthesis of two oxepine derivatives is reported; in addition, these compounds could be good candidates as antibacterial reagents.
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Moriyama, Masako, Nobuhide Hayashi, Chinami Ohyabu, Masahiko Mukai, Seiji Kawano, and Shunichi Kumagai. "Performance Evaluation and Cross-Reactivity from Insulin Analogs with the ARCHITECT Insulin Assay,." Clinical Chemistry 52, no. 7 (2006): 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.065995.

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Abstract Background: Insulin measurement is used for the diagnosis of hypoglycemia and for insulin pharmacokinetic evaluations. We assessed the analytical and clinical performance of the ARCHITECT® insulin assay, a chemiluminescent immunoassay recently introduced for the ARCHITECT i2000 fully automated immunoassay analyzer (Abbott Laboratories). We also tested whether major insulin analogs cross-reacted with the immunoassay reagents. Methods: We used Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols to assess the analytical performance of the ARCHITECT insulin assay and compared its accuracy with that of the E-test TOSOH II (IRI) from TOSOH Corporation. We used 3 recombinant insulin analogs (lispro, aspart, and glargine) to evaluate the cross-reactivity of insulin analogs with the ARCHITECT immunoassay reagent. Results: The total CV for the ARCHITECT assay was <5%. Correlation between the ARCHITECT insulin assay and the E-test TOSOH II (IRI) was satisfactory in the measured range, but we detected a slope deviation between the assays. The ARCHITECT insulin assay showed low cross-reactivity to the insulin analog aspart, whereas it detected the other insulin analogs, lispro and glargine, in concentrations as high as the theoretical concentrations. Conclusions: The ARCHITECT insulin assay showed favorable basic performance, including reproducibility, dilution linearity, detection limit, and effects of interfering substances. When interpreting results, clinicians and laboratory pathologists should be aware of the cross-reactivity of the ARCHITECT and other immunoassays to specific insulin analogs prescribed to diabetes patients.
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Reznik, Oleg, Maksym Pochtovyi, Kateryna Yanishevska, and Andrii Butyrskyi. "Proof during the prejudicial inquiry of smugglingof narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogs, or precursors under the legislation of Ukraine." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 39 (2021): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.39.03.15.

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The object of the study is social relations regarding the prejudicial inquiry of smuggling narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogs or precursors. It has been found that there are scholars who choose different definitions for interpreting the nature of the proof, but are unanimous about the role of this process in proving a person’s guilt and choosing an adequate punishment. The authors use a set of scientific methods of modern epistemology as well as comparative, special legal, logical and other methods. We propose to analyze all the circumstances that are subject to proof during the prejudicial inquiry of smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogs, or precursors. In this paper must identify the general grounds that must be proved in each crime and the specific circumstances that are important to prove only in the case of smuggling narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogs, or precursors. The conclusion is made about the importance of proper procedural support of criminal prosecution of persons who have committed a crime under Article 305 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Therefore, we propose to include in the subject of evidence for the prejudicial inquiry.
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Frisoni, Paolo, Erica Bacchio, Sabrine Bilel, et al. "Novel Synthetic Opioids: The Pathologist’s Point of View." Brain Sciences 8, no. 9 (2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8090170.

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Background: New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) constitute a broad range of hundreds of natural and synthetic drugs, including synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, and other NPS classes, which were not controlled from 1961 to 1971 by the United Nations drug control conventions. Among these, synthetic opioids represent a major threat to public health. Methods: A literature search was carried out using public databases (such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) to survey fentanyl-, fentanyl analogs-, and other synthetic opioid-related deaths. Keywords including “fentanyl”, “fentanyl analogs”, “death”, “overdose”, “intoxication”, “synthetic opioids”, “Novel Psychoactive Substances”, “MT-45”, “AH-7921”, and “U-47700” were used for the inquiry. Results: From our literature examination, we inferred the frequent implication of fentanyls and synthetic opioids in side effects, which primarily affected the central nervous system and the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. The data showed a great variety of substances and lethal concentrations. Multidrug-related deaths appeared very common, in most reported cases. Conclusions: The investigation of the contribution of novel synthetic opioid intoxication to death should be based on a multidisciplinary approach aimed at framing each case and directing the investigation towards targeted toxicological analyses.
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Kazir, Meital, and Yoav D. Livney. "Plant-Based Seafood Analogs." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061559.

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There is a growing global need to shift from animal- towards plant-based diets. The main motivations are environmental/sustainability-, human health- and animal welfare concerns. The aim is to replace traditional animal-based food with various alternatives, predominantly plant-based analogs. The elevated consumption of fish and seafood, leads to negative impacts on the ecosystem, due to dwindling biodiversity, environmental damage and fish diseases related to large-scale marine farming, and increased intake of toxic substances, particularly heavy metals, which accumulate in fish due to water pollution. While these facts lead to increased awareness and rising dietary shifts towards vegetarian and vegan lifestyles, still the majority of seafood consumers seek traditional products. This encourages the development of plant-based analogs for fish and seafood, mimicking the texture and sensorial properties of fish-meat, seafood, or processed fish products. Mimicking the internal structure and texture of fish or seafood requires simulating their nanometric fibrous-gel structure. Common techniques of structuring plant-based proteins into such textures include hydrospinning, electrospinning, extrusion, and 3D printing. The conditions required in each technique, the physicochemical and functional properties of the proteins, along with the use of other non-protein functional ingredients are reviewed. Trends and possible future developments are discussed.
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Tusiewicz, Kaja, Olga Wachełko, Marcin Zawadzki, and Paweł Szpot. "Forensic Aspects of Designer LSD Analogs Identification by GC–MS (EI) and UV Spectroscopy." Molecules 29, no. 23 (2024): 5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235717.

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs, often referred to as new psychoactive substances, are synthesized to mimic controlled substances while evading drug regulations. This study emphasizes the challenges of identifying these compounds, particularly their isomeric forms. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and UV spectroscopy were employed to analyze 13 LSD analogs. The effects of different solvents on the detection of these analogs were analyzed, demonstrating that solvents like diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dichloromethane and acetone provided the best sensitivity and stability. Methanol, on the other hand, causes alcoholysis of many LSD analogs, which may lead to false results. Additionally, effective chromatographic separation of isomers was established, including LSD, MiPLA, LAMPA, 1P-LSD and 1P-MiPLA, as well as 1cP-LSD and 1cP-MiPLA, which is crucial for accurate identification. The elution order of the determined compounds with the use of developed chromatographic method was as follows: LSD, MiPLA, LAMPA, AL-LAD, LSZ, 2-Br-LSD, ALD-52, 1P-LSD, 1P-MiPLA, 1B-LSD, 1V-LSD, 1cP-LSD and 1cP-MiPLA. Differences in ion ratios observed in mass spectrometry (MS) were also analyzed to distinguish between closely related compounds. Several key ions for LSD analogs were able to be identified, including 221, 208, 207, 196, 194, 192, 181, 167, 154, 152 and 128 m/z. In analogs with an N-diethyl group (or variants like N-methyl-propyl in LAMPA or N-methyl-isopropyl in MiPLA), mass spectra showed fragments 100, 72 and 58 m/z. For LSZ, the cyclic group at R1 produces ions 98 and 70 m/z. Analogs with an N6 allyl group (e.g., AL-LAD) show a characteristic ion 247 m/z. This method allows for the correct differentiation of structural isomers based on their unique ion fragmentation patterns and relative intensities. UV spectroscopy was used as a supplementary tool for screening, though it has limitations in analyzing complex mixtures. This work contributes to the forensic identification of designer LSD analogs, ensuring reliable detection for legal and toxicological investigations.
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Xu, Hengwei, Zeyu Zhao, Shunsuke Kimura, Takeshi Onodera, and Kiyoshi Toko. "Molecular Structure Underlying the Allosteric Mechanism of Caffeine Detection in Taste Sensor." Chemosensors 11, no. 2 (2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020097.

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The use of taste sensors with lipid/polymer membranes is one of the methods to evaluate taste. As previously reported, taste sensors can detect non-charged substances such as caffeine by modifying the lipid/polymer membranes with hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs). The mechanism of caffeine detection by taste sensors was identified to be an allosteric one. Generally, the allosteric mechanism, defined as “regulation at distant sites”, is used to describe the regulation process for proteins. In this study, to improve the sensitivity of taste sensors to caffeine and its analogs using the allosteric mechanism, we used various modifiers of lipid/polymer membranes, and we detected caffeine using taste sensors with the modified membranes. The detection of the caffeine analogs theophylline and theobromine was also analyzed. The results of caffeine detection clarified that the molecular structure underlying the allosteric mechanism capable of effective caffeine detection involves both the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, where the hydroxyl group can form intermolecular H bonds with caffeine. Furthermore, the taste sensors with a modifier, which has the molecular structure underlying the allosteric mechanism, showed high sensitivity to caffeine and caffeine analogs. The use of an allosteric mechanism may help improve the sensitivity of taste sensors to other non-charged pharmaceutical substances, such as dexamethasone and prednisolone, in the future.
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Choińska, Marta Katarzyna, Ivana Šestáková, Vojtěch Hrdlička, et al. "Electroanalysis of Fentanyl and Its New Analogs: A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12010026.

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The review describes fentanyl and its analogs as new synthetic opioids and the possibilities of their identification and determination using electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, potentiometry, electrochemiluminescence) and electrochemical methods combined with various separation methods. The review also covers the analysis of new synthetic opioids, their parent compounds, and corresponding metabolites in body fluids, such as urine, blood, serum, and plasma, necessary for a fast and accurate diagnosis of intoxication. Identifying and quantifying these addictive and illicit substances and their metabolites is necessary for clinical, toxicological, and forensic purposes. As a reaction to the growing number of new synthetic opioid intoxications and increasing fatalities observed over the past ten years, we provide thorough background for developing new biosensors, screen-printed electrodes, or other point-of-care devices.
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Longnecker, Stephen M. "Somatostatin and Octreotide: Literature Review and Description of Therapeutic Activity in Pancreatic Neoplasia." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 2 (1988): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200201.

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The somatostatins represent endogenous substances that serve a diversity of functions in the body. These activities are just beginning to be understood and could have major implications in the treatment of human disease. Their chief pharmacologic activities lie in the modification or modulation of protein hormone synthesis of the gastrointestinal system; a great many other systems may be involved as well. Since the discovery of the therapeutic potentials of naturally isolated somatostatins, attempts have been made to design newer analogs more conducive to practical use. Such an example is long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide. Literature has recently begun to appear describing the therapeutic activities of this and other similar compounds and the first steps to understanding their clinical pharmacology are being taken. Surprising activity has been found in the palliative treatment of a wide variety of formerly resistant gastrointestinal syndromes and endocrine tumors. These activities may have considerable future impact on the treatment of disease involving hormonal imbalance or inappropriate secretion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Their analogs and other substances"

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Korsmeyer, Julie. "Anthracroronene in Astrophysical Water-Ice Analogs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1413.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most abundant large organic molecules in space. They are thought to be the main contributor to the unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands from the interstellar medium (ISM) for several reasons: UIR intensities correspond to carbon abundance, indicating the presence of a carbon-based molecule; UIRs are found in extremely harsh environments which means the source must be a stable molecule. The most important evidence is if the bands in mid-infrared (MIR) or 'fingerprint' region match those of PAHs. Through the infrared spectroscopy of matrix-isolated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a compound's unique neutral and ionized vibrational modes can be identified. In this work, the PAH anthracoronene (AntCor, C36H18) is suspended in a matrix of water-ice, irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, and then analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. AntCor has not been studied in water ice before, and therefore the vibrational transition data collected (i.e. band positions and intensities) has been compared to coronene and anthracene, the parent molecules, and with theoretical predictions made using density functional theory. The data from this work will be incorporated into the NASA Ames PAH IR Database, where it will be applied to astronomical observations of the unidentified infrared emissions of the ISM, as well as observations of infrared absorption features in dense molecular clouds.
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Cao, Zheng. "LOBELANE ANALOGS WITH VARIOUS METHYLENE LINKER LENGTHS AND ACYCLIC LOBELANE ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL PHARMACOTHERAPIES TO TREAT METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSE." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/32.

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Methamphetamine interacts with vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) to inhibit dopamine (DA) uptake and promotes DA release from presynaptic vesicles, increasing cytosolic DA available for methamphetamine-induced reverse transport by DA transporters. By inhibiting VMAT2, lobelane, a defunctionalized, saturated lobeline analog, decreases methamphetamine-evoked DA release and methamphetamine self-administration in rats. In this dissertation structure-activity relationships around the lobelane structure were investigated on racemic lobelane analogs with varying methylene linker lengths at central piperidine ring. Affinity for dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) sites on VMAT2 and for inhibition of VMAT2 function was determined to be 0.88-63 and 0.024-4.6 µM, respectively, and positively correlated. The most potent and selective analog, (±)-cis-2-benzyl-6-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidine [(±)-GZ-730B], for VMAT2 uptake was identified as the lead. The ability of (±)-GZ-730B to inhibit methamphetamine-evoked [3H]DA release from striatal synaptic vesicles and endogenous DA release from striatal slices was determined. The lead analog-induced inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked vesicular [3H]DA release did not translate to inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked DA release in the more intact striatal slices. Moreover, poor water solubility of these lobelane analogs prohibited further in vivo work. Subsequent work focused on analogs with the C-3 and C-4 carbons in the piperidine ring eliminated to afford racemic acyclic lobelane analogs. Generally, acyclic analogs exhibited greater water solubility and less lipophilicity compared to lobelane. Acyclic analogs exhibited affinities (Ki = 0.096-17 μM) for [3H]DTBZ sites that correlated positively with affinity (Ki = 3.3-300 nM) for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake. Pure enantiomers of potent racemic analogs were synthesized, and found to potently, selectively, and competitively inhibit [3H]DA uptake at VMAT2 and to release vesicular [3H]DA in a biphasic manner. Lead enantiomer (R)-N-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine [(R)-GZ-924] inhibited methamphetamine-evoked [3H]DA release from striatal synaptic vesicles, but not from the more intact striatal slices. Surprisingly, (R)-GZ-924 inhibited nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow from striatal slices, revealing nonspecific effects. Importantly, (R)-GZ-924 inhibited methamphetamine self-administration in rats. However, the analog also inhibited food-maintained responding, revealing a lack of specificity. The lead analog will not be pursued further as a pharmacotherapy due to the lack of specificity. Further evaluation of the pharmacophore is needed to discover analogs which specifically inhibit the neurochemical and behavioral effect of methamphetamine.
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Guo, Xinxin. "Opto-thermal measurement of water in human stratum corneum and other substances." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323903.

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Birrell, Graham James. "Pharmacological studies of prostanoids and other substances on sensory nerves in arthritic rats." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26331.

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Intra-arterial (i.a.) injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), excited articular nociceptors from normal and arthritic joints. Responses consisted of two components: (a) a fast transient burst of activity mediated by a 5-HT3-receptor, followed by (b) a delayed, longer-lasting excitation mediated by a 5-HT2-receptor. These responses were shown to occur both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. 5-HT also increased the mechanical responsiveness of articular mechanonociceptors via a 5-HT3-receptor. Sensory receptors in arthritic joints were more sensitive to 5-HT to those from normal joints. Administration of the 5-HT3- or 5-HT2-receptor antagonists caused short-lasting reductions in background activity in arthritic joints, as well as in normal joints in which activity had increased following administration of 5-HT. In normal joints, i.a. injection of PGE2, PG12 or the selective IP-receptor agonist cicaprost, excited and caused mechanical sensitization of articular mechanonociceptors. Potentiation of the short-lived excitatory and sensitizing effects of i.a. injected bradykinin on these receptors was also shown. Examination of the effects of PGE2, PG12 and cicaprost <i>in vivo</i> or PGE2, cicaprost, PGD2, and PGF2 alpha <i>in vitro</i>, produced a rank order of potency of PG12 = cicaprost > > PGE2 > > PGD2 = PGF2 alpha In arthritic rats injection of cicaprost and, to a lesser extent, PGE2 was effective in increasing the mechanical responsiveness and resting discharge of articular mechanonociceptors previously depressed by i.v. lysine acetylsalicylate. These results provide evidence for the involvement of IP-receptors, and perhaps EP-receptors, in the excitatory and sensitizing actions of the prostanoids on articular nociceptors, and suggest that PGI2 is the major endogenous prostanoid responsible for the mechanonociceptor sensitization seen in arthritic rat ankle joints. Overall the results suggest that more than one mediator is required to produce conditions of mechanonociceptor sensitization seen in arthritic rat ankle joints. However, as modulators of the responsiveness of nociceptors to other mediators, and as potent excitants themselves, the prostanoids, and in particular PGI2, probably play a major role in the alterations in nociceptor sensitivity seen in arthritic joints.
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Dooley, Audrey Elaine. "The role of serotonin and other neurotransmitter substances in corticogenesis : an in vitro study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285153.

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Samaniego, Walter Numas. "Discorhabdin C 3-aza analogs and other potential anticancer and anti-HIV agents : synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30899.

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Roger, Gaëlle. "Structure et dynamique de substances humiques et polyélectrolytes modèles en solution." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531539.

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Dans le cadre de l'étude de faisabilité d'un site de stockage de déchets radioactifs, nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle de la matière organique naturelle altérée dans le transport éventuel de radionucléides dans l'environnement. Nous nous sommes plus attachés à la détermination des propriétés électrocinétiques de ces substances humiques dans différentes conditions expérimentales plutôt qu'à la description des réactions de spéciations déjà largement discutées dans la littérature. Pour cela, nous avons choisi de déterminer la taille et la charge de ces substances humiques à l'aide d'une méthode originale : la conductimétrie haute précision. Cette technique associée à une théorie du transport adaptée permet de décrire la mobilité d'espèces chargées en solution en prenant en compte les interactions de paires. Après avoir contribué au développement de cette théorie, nous l'avons utilisée afin de déterminer les propriétés électrocinétiques des substances humiques et d'un polyélectrolyte de référence dans différentes conditions de pH et de force ionique. Tous ces résultats obtenus par conductimétrie ont été corrélés avec d'autres méthodes expérimentales et théoriques : la microscopie à force atomique, la diffusion de lumière dynamique, la zêtamétrie laser et les simulations Monte-Carlo. Les résultats obtenus confirment les hypothèses généralement admises selon lesquelles, les substances humiques sont des petites entités nanométriques ayant des propriétés complexantes vis à vis des cations et sont susceptibles de s'agréger pour former des structures supramoléculaires. L'effet des différents ions présents dans l'environnement (notamment sodium, calcium et magnésium) a été analysé. De plus, la complexation de l'europium – considéré comme un bon analogue de l'américium 241 – a également été étudiée.
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MacPherson, Tom. "Genetic and pharmacological investigation of α4-containing GABAA receptors in conditioned behaviours influenced by cocaine". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47585/.

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α4-subunit containing GABAA receptors (α4-GABAARs) are often found co-assembled with δ-subunits in extrasynaptic locations on nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs), were they mediate a tonic form of inhibition thought to control the excitability of the neuron. This thesis combines genetic and pharmacological techniques to explore the role of α4-GABAARs in locomotor and reward-conditioned behaviours. Activation of α4-GABAARs by systemic or intra-accumbal administration of THIP, a GABAAR agonist with a preference for δ-subunits, was able to reduce cocainepotentiated locomotor activity in wildtype but not GABAAR α4-subunit knockout mice. Similarly, the ability of repeated cocaine to induce behavioural sensitisation was unaffected in GABAAR α4-subunit knockout mice, but systemic THIP was able to reduce the sensitised increase in locomotor activity in wildtype but not knockout mice. α4-GABAARs are also able to modulate behavioural responses to reward-conditioned stimuli and their enhancement by cocaine. Deletion of GABAAR α4-subunits from dopamine D1-expressing neurons facilitated cocaine-CPP, and activation of α4- GABAARs on NAc D1-MSNs was able to attenuate cocaine-enhancement of cocaine CPP. Conversely, deletion of GABAAR α4-subunits from dopamine D2-expressing neurons increased CRf responding, and activation of α4-GABAARs on NAc D2-MSNs was able to attenuate cocaine-potentiation of CRf responding. These data also indicate that there is a dissociation in the NAc MSNs mediating cocaine-CPP and CRf responding. This may be explained by the different glutamatergic inputs needed to provide information about conditioned cues important for these behaviours. The data presented within this thesis indicate that α4-GABAAR-mediated inhibition of D1- and D2-expressing neurons plays an important physiological role in controlling behavioural responses to conditioned cues. Furthermore, NAc α4βδ GABAARs may provide a potential therapeutic target by which to limit the enhancement of locomotor and conditioned-behaviours by cocaine.
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Stocker, Andreas. "Isolement et charactérisation de substances de la gelée royale." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008586.

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La thèse a été réalisée en cotutelle entre le Centre de biophysique moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, conventionné avec l'Université d'Orléans et l'Université TUM de Munich.<br />La gelée royale est produite dans les glandes des abeilles nourricières Apis mellifera par digestion partielle de pollen et de nectar. La gelée royale joue un rôle clé dans la reproduction, la croissance, l'immunité et l'organisation sociale des abeilles. Elle constitue également une source potentielle de nombreuses molécules à vocation pharmaceutique.<br />Le candidat a analysé des gelées royales d'origines botaniques et géographiques bien définies. Des fractions de peptides et de protéines ont été isolées à l'aide de multiples techniques physico-chimiques. Ces fractions se sont avérées présenter des propriétés antimicrobiennes. Le candidat a également examiné les possibilités d'application pharmaceutique des fractions de gelée royale qu'il a isolées.
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Viljoen, Liandi. "Comparison of South African occupational exposure limits for hazardous chemical substances with those of other countries / Liandi Viljoen." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8640.

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Various hazardous chemical substances are used daily as part of manufacturing and processing. Exposure to these hazardous chemical substances (HCSs) can cause adverse health effects in the exposed workers. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are used to control exposure to these HCSs and thereby protect workers from the adverse effects that exposure may induce. The aim of this study was to compare South African list of OELs as contained in the Hazardous Chemical Substance Regulations (HCSR) to several developed and developing countries based on two aspects: (1) the number of substances that are selected and regulated by the lists of each country (2) and the overall level of the OELs set by the different countries and jurisdictions. Due to the nature and the large amount of data the study is divided into two parts. The first part is a comparison of South African OELs with nine developed countries and jurisdictions along with the Mine Health and Safety Act Regulation 22.9 (MHSR) of South Africa. The second comparison was conducted between South African and the four developing BRICS countries. BRICS is an acronym for: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all are leading developing countries. Substance selection and coverage was compared by analysing the number of overlapping and uniquely regulated OELs that existed between countries. The over-all level of OELs was determined and quantified by using the statistical method, the geometric means of ratios. These ratios were compared in order to establish how the levels of OELs of the South African HCSR compare with the level of the various other countries. Results indicated that there are large and unsystematic differences between the selection of HCSs that are regulated by different countries and jurisdictions. Individual coverage and selection of HCSs between the various developing and developed countries and jurisdictions in the study was inconsistent and dissimilar. A high number of HCSs are regulated by only one of the various countries included in this study. Among the developed countries 20.8% of substances are uniquely regulated, whereas 46% of HCSs are regulated by only one of the various developing countries. According to the geometric means of ratios Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the only jurisdiction in a developed country that has a higher overall level of OELs when compared to South Africa as for the rest of the developed countries they all yielded a lower overall level of OELs. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) had the lowest overall level of OELs. When compared with the BRICS countries South Africa had a higher overall level of OELs. The average overall level of OELs differs substantially between the BRICS countries; Russia having the lowest, and Brazil having the highest overall limit when compared relative to South African HCSR. Strong similarities were found between South African HCSR and MHSR indicating national similarity. The South African OELs for HCSs have an overall higher level than the majority of developed and developing countries. Various factors may be responsible for these differences among countries and jurisdictions. These factors include, variations in scientific reasoning, the risk acceptance of the negative impact that various HCSs might induce and the time lags that countries have between updates. Further differences may be explained by the difference in consideration of socio-economical and practical feasibility of an OEL and the predominant industries in a country.<br>Thesis (MSc (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Books on the topic "Their analogs and other substances"

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Shiozaki, Y., E. Nakamura, and T. Mitsui, eds. Inorganic Substances other than Oxides. Springer-Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b60221.

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McKnight, Diane M., Peter T. Doran, and W. Berry Lyons. Life in Antarctic deserts and other cold dry environments: Astrobiological analogs. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Doran, Peter T. Life in Antarctic deserts and other cold dry environments: Astrobiological analogs. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Gans, Epner Janet E., Shook Kristen L, and American Medical Association, eds. Policy compendium on tobacco, alcohol, and other harmful substances affecting adolescents: Alcohol and other harmful substances. American Medical Association, 1994.

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National, Conference on the Control and Diversion of Controlled Substances (3rd 1987 San Antonio Tex ). Committee report on scheduling of controlled substances, precursors, chemicals and controlled substances analogs: Presented at the National Conference on the Control and Diversion of Controlled Substances, San Antonio, Texas, 1987. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, 1988.

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Chambers, Philip L., Eszter Cholnoky, and Claire M. Chambers, eds. Receptors and Other Targets for Toxic Substances. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69928-3.

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Mohammed, Al-Ani, and Water Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Filtration of Giardia cysts and other substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Mohammed, Al-Ani, and Water Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Filtration of Giardia cysts and other substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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National Biological Standards Laboratory (Australia), ed. Australian approved names and other names for therapeutic substances. 5th ed. s.n.], 1989.

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Pankratz, L. B. Thermodynamic properties of carbides, nitrides, and other selected substances. United States Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Their analogs and other substances"

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Papulov, Yurii G., and Marina G. Vinogradova. "Relation of the Properties of Substances to Molecular Structure: Phenomenological Study of Substituted Methanes and Their Analogs." In Mathematical Models of Non-Linear Excitations, Transfer, Dynamics, and Control in Condensed Systems and Other Media. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4799-0_32.

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Buchholz, Noor, Petra de Graaf, Julia E. de la Cruz, et al. "Preventing Biofilm Formation and Encrustation on Urinary Implants: (Bio)coatings and Tissue Engineering." In Urinary Stents. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_33.

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AbstractEven though urinary stents and catheters have been commonly applied in medicine for several decades and still are constantly being modified and optimized, their structure and performance still requires further improvement. A major drawback of urinary implants is the deposition of organic and non-organic substances on their surface leading to biofilm formation resulting in encrustations, blockages, and infections. Promising research lines are stent coatings with antibodies, enzymes and various bioactive compounds. We will also discuss the possibility of making urinary implants more “tissue friendly” by designing biomimetic surfaces. Finally, in accordance with the paradigm “repair or regrow” we will touch on tissue engineering approaches to replace artificial urinary implants by those generated in vitro or in vivo from homologous tissue. We summarised modern biological approaches to improve the structure, function and performance of urinary stents. Some have been already applied in urinary stent production whilst others have been tested in the field of vascular stents, such as antibody or biomimetic coating. Bioengineering approaches aiming at the generation of complete analogs of damaged urinary tissue from autologous patient-derived cells represent a more futuristic outlook. Nevertheless, we hope that the rapid development of advanced multidisciplinary research platforms in modern biomedicine will make these approaches feasible in the near future.
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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Other Substances." In Primary Explosives. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_13.

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Angoa-Pérez, Mariana, John H. Anneken, and Donald M. Kuhn. "Neurotoxicology of Synthetic Cathinone Analogs." In Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_21.

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Wobeser, Gary A. "Other Toxic Substances." In Diseases of Wild Waterfowl. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5951-1_14.

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Hagen, A. P. "With Other Substances." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145197.ch147.

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Schächtele, Alexander, Rainer Malisch, Björn Hardebusch, et al. "WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies 2000–2019: Findings of Polybrominated Substances (PBDE, HBCDD, PBB 153, PBDD/PBDF)." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_9.

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AbstractThe concentrations of a number of polybrominated substances were determined in pooled human milk samples collected from up to 80 countries from all the United Nations Regional Groups. The samples were taken from one or more of the five exposure studies on persistent organic pollutants coordinated by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme between 2000 and 2019.Large differences in levels were found for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). The concentration of the sum of 6 PBDE congeners (∑PBDE6: BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183) of 135 pooled samples from 80 countries was in the range between 0.3 and 352 ng/g lipid (median 1.6 ng/g lipid). The highest concentrations were detected in the Western European and Others Group (including Australia, Israel, New Zealand, and the USA) in 2003. Time trends were assessed for 36 countries with repeated participation. Rates of decrease tend to fluctuate at near background levels; but at higher levels, a decreasing trend was observed for nearly all countries. Deca-BDE (BDE-209) contributed on average about 13% to ∑PBDE7 (sum of ∑PBDE6 plus BDE-209). The contribution of the octa-brominated diphenyl ether (octa-BDE) BDE-197 and nona-BDEs-206, -207, and -208 to the sum of 25 PBDE was in the range of the six recommended analytes and BDE-209. Therefore, their addition to the list of recommended analytes should be considered.The α-HBCDD levels of 102 pooled samples from 72 countries collected between 2006 and 2019 ranged between &lt;0.1 and 15 ng/g lipid (median: 0.5 ng/g lipid). β-HBCDD and γ-HBCDD were in nearly all samples below the limit of quantification (LOQ for 90% of the samples: &lt;0.1 ng/g lipid) or around the LOQ (max: 0.8 ng/g lipid). Thus, it can be concluded that α-HBCD is the predominant stereoisomer in human milk.Hexabromobiphenyl (PBB 153) was below the limit of quantification (0.5 ng/g lipid) in 106 of 110 pooled samples from 69 countries. In four samples, low concentrations of between 1.0 and 1.7 ng/g lipid were found.In addition to these chemicals listed by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, in 38 pooled samples from 28 countries concentrations of polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PBDD/PBDF) were determined to assess their contribution to the overall sum of WHO2005 toxic equivalents (TEQ) with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). PBDD and PBDF provided on average about 10% to the overall TEQ calculated as sum of WHO-PCDD/PCDF-TEQ and WHO-PBDD/PBDF-TEQ, when assuming the same toxic equivalency factors for brominated congeners as assigned to their chlorinated analogs. No correlations between PCDD/PCDF and PBDD/PBDF, or PBDD/PBDF and PBDE were found.
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Elersek, Tina, Luděk Bláha, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Wido Schmidt, and Shmuel Carmeli. "Other Cyanobacterial Bioactive Substances." In Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119068761.ch19.

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Lipton, Anne M., and Cindy D. Marshall. "Alcohol and Other Substances." In The Common Sense Guide to Dementia For Clinicians and Caregivers. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4163-2_10.

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Shtilman, M. I., and I. A. Agabekov. "Other Naturally Occurring Substances." In Immobilization on Polymers. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429071010-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Their analogs and other substances"

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Glikina, Iryna, Marat Glikin, and Eugene Zubcov. "New Method of Chemical Substances Conversion – Aerosol Nanocatalysis Technology. The way of Development." In 8th International Congress "Environment Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management". Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ku9vvy.

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The article provides information about the history of heterogeneous catalysis development. The new aerosol nanocatalysis technology is shown as perspective world nanotechnology. It took up to 20 years to fully understand the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis based on the experimental results obtained. This technology became known to the world from 1996 to the present. The article contains the history of the development of catalysis and technology of aerosol nanocatalysis. The results of research on aerosol nanocatalysis technology were monitored, taking into account its application in industry. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology has been proven successful for environmentally chemical transformations. Industrial and household waste disposal processes using this technology can be called waste-free. The article analyzes the main principles of aerosol nanocatalysis technology and traditional heterogeneous catalysis. The main technological parameters of aerosol nanocatalysis technology are considered. A study of chemical transformations using the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis in a fluidized and vibrating bed was carried out. A SWOT analysis was conducted comparing the technologies of traditional heterogeneous catalysis and aerosol nanocatalysis. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology is promising for the chemical, oil refining and other industries. The ecological condition of industrial and household waste processing technology is considered resource-saving. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology has no analogues in the world. The technological scheme of aerosol nanocatalysis technology is simple. It has been established that this scheme can be applied both for stationary and mobile installations. It has been found that aerosol nanocatalysis technology can transform chemical substances with any aggregate state.
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Kashyap, Mayuri, Naini Bajaj, Aparajita Bandyopadhyay, and Amartya Sengupta. "Terahertz and Ultra low-frequency Raman for detection of stimulants and other substances." In 2024 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697865.

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Mgeladze, Merab, Antaz Kikava, Besik Kalandadze, Khatuna Chichileishvili, and Ilia Kalandadze. "REGULATION OF THE MINERALIZATION AND HUMUFICATION PROCESSES IN NITISOLS FERRALIC AND HUMIC CAMBISOLS BY INTEGRATING 14C-MODIFIED TEA (Tea Sinensis) BIOMASS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.30.

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This work delves into the process of phenolic oxidation products rdistribution in Nitisols Ferralic and Humic Cambisols, which were modified by (14C) introduced tea biomass. Metabolites derived from tea biomass were found to interact with humic and fulvic acids and form covalent bonds with them. The study of quantitative aspects of the inclusion of phenolic substances in the chemical composition of humic and fulvic acids reveals that humic acids incorporate a significantly greater amount of the radioactive tracer (14C) compared to fulvic acids. By applying the formula derived by us (DCaCO3 + MgCO3 = ??,???? ????/??,???????) it becomes feasible to determine the soil microliming dosage required to expedite the processes of mineralization and humification of tea plant manure and other residues rich in polyphenolic substances. Furthermore, it is recommended to apply manganese-based microfertilizers to the soil prior to pruning tea bushes. These agrochemical measures are crucial in optimizing the mineralization of phenolic substances, neutralizing their toxic effects, enhancing the intensity of the humification process, and ultimately increasing soil fertility.
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Bäßler, Ralph, Helena Alves, Margit Weltschev, and Matthias Langer. "Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 31 and 59 in Highly Corrosive Dangerous Goods." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10340.

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Abstract Alloy 31 (UNS N08031, X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7) is a superaustenitic iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with nitrogen addition filling the gap between existing stainless steels and nickel alloys. Alloy 59 (UNS N06059, NiCr23Mo16Al) with a high chromium, molybdenum and nickel content possesses excellent resistance not only to reducing but also to oxidizing chemicals. Both are already in use as shell materials for tank vehicles or tank containers. They allow the transport of quite more chemicals and especially waste mixtures than when using common austenitic steels. Another advantage is the reduction of required inspections of the transport tanks. In Germany the “BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods undertaken by BAM, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods and water-polluting substances are published in the BAM-List. Due to the large number of dangerous goods in the BAM-List the established corrosion test program with welded specimens of these higher-alloyed materials is being continued. Various acid mixtures were added to the exposures of the two materials at 55 °C. Other corrosive test substances are different organic an inorganic halogenides, peroxyacetic acid, and molten substances. In case of molten chemicals and due to other practical reasons the test temperature is increased to more than 100 °C. The test results, presented in this paper, are already included in the current edition of the BAM-List and therefore available to the costumer.
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Borgard, B., D. Jones, and R. Heidersbach. "The Use of FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy for Corrosion Product Analysis." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88154.

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Abstract Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are two complementary techniques for the analysis of corrosion products, stains, and similar mineral or organic substances. The term vibrational spectroscopy is frequently used to descibe these complementary techniques. This paper discusses the instrumentation used for these techniques, their appliction to a selected variety of corrosion problems, and compares vibrational spectroscopy to other techniques available for analysis of similar materials.
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Trabanelli, G., A. Frignani, G. Brunoro, C. Monticelli, and F. Zucchi. "Corrosion and Inhibition of Low Alloyed Chromium Steels in Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85376.

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Abstract This paper investigates the influence chromium content exerts on the corrosion resistance of low alloyed chromium steels in hydrofluoric acid solution and compares it with the corrosion resistance in other acids, such as hydrochloric, perchloric and sulphuric. Weight losses were performed on ASTM A 106 steel and on ASTM A335 type steel (chromium content: 1.5-10%) in 1.7 N HF; 1.4 N HCl; 1.5 N H2SO4 and 1.5 N HClO4 at 45 °C. These tests showed that chromium decreases the corrosion resistance of the tested iron-chromium alloys in HClO4, H2SO4 and especially in HF solutions. Different pure organic substances were tested as inhibitors for 1.7 N HF: acetylenic derivatives, N-containing additives, S- or S- and N-containing additives. The most efficient additives were those organic substances containing a sulphur atom with an electron lone pair available, such as Phenylthiourea and Dibenzylsulfoxide. These additives perform their action by inhibiting the anodic and cathodic reactions, both on ASTM A106 and on chromium-containing steel (ASTM A335 P22).
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Kubin, Peter Z. "Materials Performance and Corrosion Control in Modern Waste-to-Energy Boilers Applications and Experience." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99090.

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Abstract With burning of municipal solid waste (MSW), the potential for corrosion and tube wastage is always present. This is mainly due to certain corrosive substances in the refuse and some of its other constituents. There are two approaches to corrosion control, either prevention by conservative design, or by utilization of corrosion resistant materials. This paper will describe both of these corrosion control methods, with specific emphasis on application and experience. Both mass-burn and refuse-derived-fuel (RDF) systems will be addressed.
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Ohtsu, Takao, and Masazumi Miyazawa. "Application of Corrosion Analysis and Corrosion Control by Using Corrosion Monitoring at Chemical Plants." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07266.

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Abstract As part of their production process, chemical plants carry out chemical reactions with high temperature and pressure as operating conditions. They also handle substances which have a corrosive nature. These conditions make their operating environments more severe than that of other industries. Anti-corrosion measures are taken, but it is difficult to analyze the causes of the corrosion and devise control measures since the substances which are being handled are intricately intertwined. Because of these circumstances, a method is proposed which simultaneously measures the corrosion developing in the facility by using a corrosion monitor and assesses the operational conditions. Thus, the causes of the corrosion are identified by examining the correlation between these two factors. In this paper, a method is proposed that measures the corrosive state of a chemical facility by a corrosion monitor and then compares it with the operational conditions in order to determine the causes and establish control measures. The electrochemical noise method is adopted for the corrosion monitor, since this method has a high reaction speed as well as a good level of safety because the electric current does not need to be externally applied. In addition, existing corrosion monitors were revised for on-site measurements by examining their specifications, among other measures. An example case is introduced in which the repair interval at a chemical facility was extended from two years to ten years or longer as a result of the implemented control measures.
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Kassner, T. F., W. E. Ruther, and W. K. Soppet. "Mitigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of AISI 304 Stainless Steel by Organic Species at Low Concentration in Oxygenated Water at 289°C." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90489.

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Abstract In constant-extension-rate tests on sensitized AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) at 289°C, some organic substances (oxygen scavengers) in feedwater containing ~0.2 ppm dissolved oxygen decrease effluent oxygen concentration, electrochemical potential (ECP) of the steel, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility to very low levels. Other organic substances neither decrease oxygen concentration nor ECP of the steel significantly, but do mitigate SCC susceptibility relative to that in high-purity oxygenated water. The latter species apparently block active sites where cathodic reduction of oxygen occurs and thereby limit anodic dissolution of metal at the crack tip in a slip-dissolution mechanism of crack advance. In SCC tests on fracture-mechanics-type specimens under high-load-ratio/low- frequency cyclic loading conditions at 289°C, the organic inhibitors at a concentration of ~1.0 ppm stop crack growth in the sensitized steel, but are not effective in oxygenated water containing ionic impurities such as sulfate or chloride at the 0.1-ppm level. These results are consistent with the site blockage mechanism for different species that undergo cathodic reduction and control the rate of crack growth of the steel in the SCC tests.
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Schroer, C., J. Konys, J. Novotny, and J. Hausselt. "Corrosion in SCWO Plants Processing Chlorinated Substances: Aspects of the Corrosion Mechanisms and Kinetics for Binary Ni-Cr Alloys." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04496.

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Abstract Binary nickel-chromium alloys (0 -45 mass-% Cr) were exposed to an aqueous solution which resulted from the oxidation of dichloromethane in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at 400 bar and temperatures between ~100° and 415°C; the composition of the reaction medium after complete oxidation of the chlorinated hydrocarbon and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 0.12 mol/kg-H2O hydrogen chloride, 0.06 mol/kg-H2O oxygen and 0.06 mol/kg-H2O carbon dioxide. Under these conditions, minimum corrosion of binary nickel-chromium alloys was found to occur for chromium contents in the range of 25 mass-% or, more precisely – when results of other investigations are included – between 10 and 25 mass-%. Aspects of the corrosion mechanisms and kinetics were derived from comparison with the predictions of a mathematical model. Some recommendations, how the operation conditions for the SCWO process can be optimized in regard to minimal chemical degradation of nickel-chromium-based reactor materials, are given.
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Reports on the topic "Their analogs and other substances"

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Koeffler, H. O. Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Vitamin D3 Analogs Either Alone or in Combination with Other Agents. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394707.

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Koeffler, Phillip. Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Vitamin D3 Analogs Either Alone or in Combination with Other Agents. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362073.

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Koeffler, Phillip H. Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Vitamin D3 Analogs Either Alone or in Combination with Other Agents. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338767.

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Koeffler, H. P. Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Vitamin D3 Analogs Either Alone or in Combination with Other Agents. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381252.

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Fisher, Alana, Smriti Nepal, Logan Harvey, et al. Drug and alcohol psychosocial interventions. The Sax Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sczj5829.

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This Evidence Check reviewed effective psychosocial interventions for the management of people with alcohol and other drug issues. The review also aimed to identify the most effective psychosocial interventions for special population groups. A range of psychosocial interventions were examined, including behavioural, motivational, psychodynamic, counselling, mindfulness-based and self-help approaches. A number of psychosocial interventions are supported by the literature, especially for alcohol and tobacco use. The review found evidence to support the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing with and without Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for particular groups, including pregnant women, people with co-occurring mental health and alcohol and other drug issues, and people in the criminal justice system. The reviewers identified a number of gaps in the evidence base including the need for supports after treatment, research into substances other than alcohol and tobacco, and a need for a greater understanding of technology-based interventions.
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Norsworthy, Sarah, Rebecca Shute, Crystal M. Daye, and Paige Presler-Jur. National Institute of Justice’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence 2019 National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum. Edited by Jeri D. Ropero-Miller and Hope Smiley-McDonald. RTI Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.cp.0011.2007.

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The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and its Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) hosted the National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum on July 18–19, 2019, in Washington, DC. The forum explored ways in which government agencies and programs, law enforcement officials, forensic laboratory personnel, medical examiners and coroners, researchers, and other experts can cooperate to respond to problems associated with drug abuse and misuse. Panelists from these stakeholder groups discussed ways to address concerns such as rapidly expanding crime laboratory caseloads; workforce shortages and resiliency programs; analytical challenges associated with fentanyl analogs and drug mixtures; laboratory quality control; surveillance systems to inform response; and policy related to stakeholder, research, and resource constraints. The NIJ Policy and Practice Forum built off the momentum of previous stakeholder meetings convened by NIJ and other agencies to discuss the consequences of this national epidemic, including the impact it has had on public safety, public health, and the criminal justice response. The forum discussed topics at a policy level and addressed best practices used across the forensic community.
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams, and Boaz Shaanan. Structural Elements and Neuropharmacological Features Involved in the Insecticidal Properties of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin: A Multidisciplinary Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573061.bard.

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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection requires the use of chemical or biological insecticides in many instances. Nontheless, the use non-selective chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and livestock and consequently urgent need exists for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and not toxic to wam-blooded animals. Therefore, mobilization of these substances into insect pest targets is of major interest. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chamical insecticides provided they have a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. All of these objectives were addressed in this research. A direct approach for plant protection was the mobilization of toxins into target pests using baculoviral vectors. The other approach was to develop a suitable system enabling the elucidation of the toxin bioactive site, which would enable design of insecticidal peptidomimetics. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins, were studied at the sodium channel receptor site. All the above approaches show great promise and clearly indicate that scorpion insecticidal toxins may provide powerful means in insect pest control.
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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.

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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.
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9

Martinho, Diogo, Hugo Sarmento, Ana Faria, Hadi Nobari, and Adam Field. Oral branched chain amino acids supplementation in trained participants: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0014.

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Review question / Objective: The present review following PICO criteria: (1) population – athletes or participants described with experience in sport; (2) intervention – oral branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation; (3) outcomes – indicators of performance, body composition, recovery, hormonal response or cellular signalling; (4) comparator – control group or placebo, and; (5) output – pre-and post-test changes. Exclusion criteria were: (1) studies that described participants as healthy or active; (2) articles classified as letter to editor or review, and; (3) BCAAs supplementation by infusion or combined with other substances. Condition being studied: The condition to be studied is the ingestion of branched chain amino acids in participants with training experience (participants involved in organized sports or with training experience). Note, the participants classified as active or healthy were not included in this review.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry &amp; Commerce Council.
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