Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théologie naturelle'
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Piwowarczyk, Roman. "Actualité de la théologie d'Aristote dans la pensée catholique d'aujourd'hui." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010537.
Full textCarroy, Bertrand. "La génération naturelle chez Thomas d’Aquin." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040156.
Full textThe generation of the body is a basic concept for anyone studying nature. Pervasive since the beginning of Greek philosophy, Christian thought introduced it and gave it a double destiny : on the one hand it seems to be overshadowed for the benefit of the Creation’s notion ; on the other hand it is transformed in the theological discourse to express the Trinitarian relation of the Father and the Son. The goal of this study is to show how Thomas Aquinas, great witness and actor of the thirteenth century and actor in Aristotelian theoria’s reception in the theological discourse, understands and uses the concept of natural generation. By the precise study of the central philosophical topic and by its theological application, clearly appears Thomas’ project of unifying faith and reason. Means used in this study are a thorough text inventory and the ordering of the great motions composing his thought on natural generation : its principles, specificity and divisions (elements, inanimate corps, vegetables, animals), human generation’s case. These motions bring together some of the crucial medieval questions, particularly those of the eternity of the world and the plurality of the forms. Thomas Aquinas shows, through a reasoned used of Aristotle’s corpus by giving intelligibility to the nature and Revelation which is manifested through it, both an absolute respect for Holy Scripture and a fine intellectual daring
Lagrée, Jacqueline. "Religion naturelle et raison : enjeux et effets philosophiques de la position d'un credo minimum au XVIIème siècle." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040001.
Full textThe claim of a "credo minimum" (or the statement of a small number of articles and precepts of faith) was made in the 17th century in order to unite all churches and religions. But it had another effect : the comeback of natural religion in the stoic mode, and the apparition of laymen on the stage of theology. The work of Grotius, Herbert of Cherbury, Louis Meyer, friend of Spinoza, Wissowaty and Isaac d'Huisseau constitute the intellectual horizon of the great post Cartesian systems. To know what their questions were, how the great philosophers of the 17th century, especially Hobbes, Spinoza and Leibniz, answered to them by reformulating and shifting them, leads to a new method of reading philosophical writings, which takes much care of the intellectual context. It shows too, what power of a philosophy, in that case stoicism, can be
Cabana, Morales Maria. "L'influence de Rousseau en Italie : les principes de la religion naturelle dans la conscience contemporaine." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010659.
Full textThe object of the thesis consists in pointing out some possible traces of the influence that exercised the thought of Rousseau on italie, and especially in analysing the repercussion of the principles of religion he expresses in his works. The first volume of this work trys to give, in the first place, a general view of the italian cultural panorama including the values that harbour its history and of its similarity with the french culture, taking also into consideration the influence this country could have exerted on the young Rousseau. In the second place, we present the characteristic touches of the echo produced by his thought in italie, at the end of the xviiie century, and the way he was received by the intellectual and religious cercles. At last, at the end of the first volume, in the third part, we will tackle the question of the relation between Rousseau's thought and psychology, in the light of some italian critical authors. The second volume wants to analyse the religious thoughts of the genevan philosopher by studying some critical works on Rousseau realized by italian authors who, for the most part, belong to the second half of the xxe century. In the opinion of these authors, we have to consider the centre of the philosophers'thought looking at the religious consciouness of man, and they affirm that Rousseau, in many aspects in his thoughts, requires to transcend the phenomenological field in search of an unitarian and substantial base in human existence. In the fifth and last part, we'll treat the problem of crisis of values, which invested also the contemporary italian society, and we'll try to find a possible heritage of the man of nature proposed by Rousseau
Charbonnat, Pascal. "Matérialismes, créationnismes et histoire naturelle : variations et critiques de l'idée de création au XVIIIe siècle en France." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100106.
Full textIf we observe the variations of the idea of creation in France in XVIIIth century, we can see how the naturalists' discourses, by new notions of God, becomed more independent from theological obligations. The naturalists searched to extend the limits of explanation by physical causes and the question of act of creation arised : where are the limits of primary cause action in the forming of earth and beings ? In the beginning of XVIIIth century, at the saure time as the naturalists breaked with the thomistical scholasticism, new ideas about Creator, more based on his wisdom than his willpower, borned in Malebranche and Leibniz. The théories which deal with origin of natural bodies, the earth's forming or the beings' génération, used these notions of God to justify the bigger autonomy of physical discourse. The strong critics of the idea of creation, in Fréret, Meslier, La Mettrie and anonymous authors, also encouraged naturalists to wonder about a minimal participation of God. In the middle of the century, a part of them, in particular Montesquieu, Maupertuis and Buffon, made théories about bodies forming in which God hardly worked, while another part, like Needham or Bonnet, attempted a last conciliation with theology. This rift within naturalists was reinforced by the varied irreligions, and specially by Diderot and d'Holbach's materialism. Ultimately, the successors of Buffon, like Lamarck, Bertrand or La Métherie, produced théories which either remove the resort to a Creator or reduce him to a mere legislator
Hounsounon-Tolin, Paulin. "De l'interdépendance de l'anthropologie, de la cosmologie et de la théologie dans la cure philosophique (Sénèque et la vertu de la bonne représentation des choses)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010544.
Full textLugt, Maaike Van Der. "Le ver, le démon et la vierge : les théories médiévales de la génération extraordinaire (vers 1100-vers 1350) : une étude sur les rapports entre théologie, philosophie naturelle et médecine." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0039.
Full textJoalland, Michael. "Isaac Newton et le désenchantement du cosmos : de l’iconoclasme en philosophie naturelle au XVIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL025.
Full textIsaac Newton stated in his conclusion to the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) : “Idolaters imagined that the sun, moon, and stars, the souls of men, and other parts of the world were parts of the supreme God, and so were to be worshipped, but they were mistaken.” The famed mathematician correspondingly observed in the conclusion of his treatise on Opticks : “And no doubt, if the worship of false gods had not blinded the heathen, their moral philosophy would have gone farther than to the four cardinal virtues; and instead of teaching the transmigration of souls, and to worship the sun, and moon, and dead heroes, they would have taught us to worship our true Author and Benefactor.” The modern reader may ask : Why conclude two treatises that are fundamentally mathematical in nature with these theological considerations?Part of the answer lays in an uncompleted manuscript by Newton titled “The Philosophical Origins of Pagan Theology” (Theologiæ gentilis origines philosophicæ), a treatise on the history of religions comprising more than 130.000 words on about 200 folios. Newton’s claim therein is that the cosmology of the Ancients was in essence theological since it partly proceeded from the belief that the souls of the deified ancestors of mankind had been projected into elements of the cosmos. This catasterisation of early men was, in Newton’s eyes, the actual origin of stellar animism, star worship, and astrology. Thus, the original fall of man into idolatry corrupted both true religion and the right understanding of natural philosophy, as the intrinsic animism of oriental cosmologies was the philosophical counterpart of pagan astrolatry. Restoring pure worship and true science required, therefore, that elements of the cosmos be first desacralized.In this work, I will first identify the sources and characterize the exegetical principles behind the treatise on Origins. I will then examine the Newtonian historiography of the origins and dissemination of pagan physicotheology, from the beginning of star worship in ancient Egypt to the emanationist doctrines taught by Medieval schoolmen. I will then show how Newton’s own system of the world presented itself as a disenchanted alternative to the animistic cosmological beliefs of the Ancients. I will eventually trace the roots of Newtons’s iconoclastic ethos which characterizes much of his theological and philosophical writings. To this end, I will consider the sources of influence that bore upon Newton’s upbringing in relation to the religious contentions which divided the Reformed milieu he grew up in. I will eventually argue that the author of the Principia meant indeed to desacralize the cosmos to meet the demands of an austere and uncompromising monotheism
Girard, Pierre. "Le fondement de la morale dans la profession de foi du vicaire savoyard de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29697/29697.pdf.
Full textAngoulvent, Anne-Laure. "Nature et Etat dans le Leviathan de Thomas Hobbes." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020150.
Full textThe objet of this thesis is to place the leviathan in the context of a philo sophical, psychological and esthetic theory of baroque, using political and juri dical principals. The passage from the state of nature to the civil state translates the recognition of a necessary social into representation. But the achievement of eternal salvation through the observance of civil legislation makes the christian republic a sorry compromose betwwen a founding naturalist illusion and a redeeming civil iollusion. From this point, the leviathan appears to be an utopia, expression of a mythical time which would be the reflection of a christian time in search of it self.
Miernowski, Jan. "Discours sur discours infiniment divers : la structure dialectique de la Sepmaine ou création du monde de Guillaume de Salluste du Bartas." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100030.
Full textA limited number of recurrent logical and semantic structures underly the thematic and stylistic diversity of la sepmaine. The combination of these structures is what engenders the dynamism so characteristic of the du Bartas’s poetical discourse. These logical and semantic structures are derived from the topical system of the renaissance inventio. As has been shown by pantaleon thevenin, the dialectical method is what gives the 16th - century hexameron its textual coherency, replacing the exegetic procedure of the church fathers. Different forms of relationships - opening and closing, variety and order - connect the style of the poem with its logical and semantic structure. Du Bartas's epistemology is conditioned by the dialectical form of the discourse: the nominalist refusal to motivate the word by the single thing; the realistic analogy between the discourse and the world; the protestant revocation of natural theology. It is because of his Protestantism that du Bartas refuses the church fathers' alle- goricism. However, thanks to the use of metaphors, his application of the four meanings in the seventh day becomes a rereading of the poem itself, testifying to the exaltation of the poetical "voice", so peculiar to Ronsard. The mannerist poet, motivated, like the renaissance dialecticians, by the ambition to talk about "la nature de toutes les choses", compares his creation to the divine creation
Namazi, Rasoul. "Le problème théologico-politique de John Locke." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0129.
Full textThis thesis is a reconstruction of John Locke’s political and moral philosophy around the theologico-political problem. It tries to study the evolution of Locke’s thought from is his earlier writings to the formulation of his mature ideas about the toleration, the law of nature and Christianity. According to the author, Locke has two doctrines, one esoteric and other exoteric. The first is a doctrine of natural utilitarianism, independent of Revelation, which considered in itself is largely sufficient as the foundation of a political order. But because of difficulties related to the discovery of the premises of natural law and its complete prescriptions, this doctrine must have recourse to a doctrine of natural law founded on divine sanctions; this is the exoteric doctrine. This second doctrine, in spite of its philosophical insufficiencies is one of the salutary myths which are the pillars of the Lockean regime. This doctrine answers the natural limits of human life: irrationality and contradiction between individual and public interest. In this sense, the real project of Locke is to found a “civil religion” for the constitution and the preservation of his political order
Gittler, Bernard. "Rousseau et l'héritage de Montaigne." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1013.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of Montaigne’s legacy in Rousseau’s philosophy.First, evidences and views of Rousseau’s reading of Montaigne have been examined in his published works and in his manuscripts. Editions in which Rousseau was reading Montaigne have also been identified.Then, mediations between Rousseau and Montaigne’s reception have been reviewed. Rousseau reads the Essais with the 18th century points of view. He relies on 17th century authors who judge Montaigne. Therefore, thanks to this philosophical tradition who deals with Montaigne, links between Montaigne and Rousseau are analysed.The implicit and explicit references to Montaigne in Rousseau’s work are triangulated. Rousseau quotes Montaigne to deal with Diderot, – translator of Shaftesbury, to defend natural religion as early as in his First Discourse on the Sciences and Arts.Rousseau has a political reading of the Essais. He denounces all kind of domination, and criticizes Montesquieu’s apology of luxury. The political reading of Montaigne increases in the second Discourse : the possessive individualism destroys the social link.Rousseau underlines the La Boétie’s principles in the Essais, which show the political depravation of society. The social link does not demand to follow moral rules against citizen’s interests. Humanity has to pursue a universal interest, which establishes a relationship between each human being and the whole humanity.Montaigne has a central position to understand the dialogues between Rousseau and Barbeyrac, Mandeville, and Locke. Rousseau refers to Montaigne when he defends his moral and politic fundamental principles
St-Pierre, Thomas O. "L'idéal et le réel chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22169.
Full textMarmursztejn, Elsa. "Un "troisième pouvoir" ? : pouvoir intellectuel et construction des normes à l'Université de Paris à la fin du XIIIe siècle d'après les sources quodlibétiques (Thomas d'Aquin, Gérard d'Abbeville, Henri de Gand, Godefroid de Fontaines)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0029.
Full textRenaud-Boulesteix, Benedicte. "Joseph Thomas Delos : une pensée de la plénitude à l'épreuve de la modernité." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0040.
Full textThe confidential work of Joseph Thomas Delos meets the objective of offering a Christian alternative to a liberal society. As Professor of Public International Law, Thomist, this Dominican has continuously strived to articulate the effects of sociology to legal reflection on the common good, The main focus of his research is based on analysis of international society and the conditions for construction of an international legal order. The latter is characterized by the establishment of independent international institutions and by the integration of the United Nations in this new institutional order, according to the legal principle of functional duplication. The historical relationship between the state and the nation must not lead to a conceptual identity formalized by the nation state as the only possible formula policy, Delos exposes the distinction between a State, which is a political society and a nation, which is a cultural community. The Federal route may also be considered, especially for treating the case of national minorities. The coherence of Delos' work consists in applying the Aristotelian theory developed by Thomas Aquinas for the common good, to international Law and more generally to social life. This legal declination crystallizes around the concept of institution, which formalizes the temporal common good. The Delosian gesture is typical of the effort of Christian thought to reformulate a theological- political unity in a context of a crisis of modernity, This effort confronts the resistance of modern freedom, which forces Christian alternative to choose between democracy and totalitarianism while acquiring partially political liberalism
Bouvrette, Perras Louis-Vincent. "La critique biblique chez Spinoza." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12408.
Full textThis thesis consists in an explanation of the biblical criticism that we find in Spinoza’s Theologico-Political Treatise. This criticism addresses a specific problem: the subversion of religion in superstition. We explain this criticism in four parts. The first part explain the situation in which Spinoza affirms the necessity of a biblical criticism. This section shows that the actual critical problem is the subversion of religion. We will also explain in this part, the origin of superstition and how it may subvert religion. The second part is historical. It shows the historical context which is relevant for the biblical criticism. We see in fact that Spinoza's criticism is developed in a period of significant theological controversies. The third part describes the interpretative method of the Scripture (the historico-critical method). Finally, in the fourth section, we present Spinoza's criticism of other interpretative methods. These methods (supernatural, skeptical and dogmatic) are considered false by Spinoza. We will see that biblical criticism has a more general purpose. Indeed, biblical criticism is inseparable from the main goal of the Theologico-Political Treatise: the freedom of thought. In fact, biblical criticism is a way to achieve this goal.
Frunzeanu, Eduard. "Les configurations de la natura dans le Speculum maius de Vincent de Beauvais." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17933.
Full textPaquet, Gemma. "Foi, expérience, pratique des baptisés du réseau de liens naturels d'une chrétienne de la base." Thèse, 1988. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1627/1/1452792.pdf.
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