Academic literature on the topic 'Theophrastaceae'

Cladistic parsimony analyses, based on morphological data, have been undertaken with the purpose of identifying major monophyletic groups and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Primulales. Actinidia (Actinidiaceae, Ericales) and three genera from two families of the Ebenales (Diospyros of the Ebenaceae and Manilkara and Monotheca of the Sapotaceae) were used as outgroups in the analyses. The results indicate that the Primulaceae, Theophrastaceae, and Myrsinaceae (excluding Maesa) represent three major monophyletic groups. The Myrsinaceae were found to be paraphyletic, with the majority of taxa forming a monophyletic group but with the genus Maesa constituting the sister group of the Primulaceae. It is proposed that Maesa should be raised to the rank of family to obtain strictly monophyletic groups in the Primulales. The genera Aegiceras and Coris, for which family affinities have been controversial, are well nested within the families Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae, respectively. Key words: Primulales, Theophrastaceae, Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, cladistics, classification.

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Remela-de-cachorro (Clavija lancifolia Desf.), is an exotic Brazilian fruit consumed exclusively in the southern region of the Amazonas state. Due to the lack of knowledge about its chemical composition, the Remela-de-cachorro was studied in relation to its phenolic constitution and its aroma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative chemical study of its fruits by means of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively). Additionally, to evaluate the antioxidant activities and in vitro enzymatic inhibition of the metanolic extract. The GC-MS technique was employed along with the solid phase microextraction in headspace (HS-SPME) to evaluate the fruit aroma composition. Twenty-eight compounds were identified from the in natura pulp of remela-de-cachorro, with aldehydes being the most abundant group of volatile organic compounds in the fruits with a total percentage of 26,14%. It was found that linalool (10,1%), 1-octen-3-ol (4,42%), β-ionone (4,08%) and hexanal (3,05%) were the main contributors to the aroma characteristic of this species. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, showed that the studied fruit is rich in phenolic compounds (8,28 mg GAE/g). Using the LC-MS/MS system, 9 phenolic compounds (alkyl gallates, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) were identified and quantified in the pulp. The antioxidant capacity of remela-de-cachorro extract by the ABTS method presented better antioxidant activity (12,0 ± 1,28 μg/mL) compared to the DPPH assay (30,0 ± 1,0 μg/mL). The effect of fruit extract showed low percentage of total inhibition against lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes.
Remela-de-cachorro (Clavija lancifolia Desf.) é uma fruta exótica brasileira consumida exclusivamente na região Sul do Amazonas. Devido à falta de conhecimento acerca de sua composição química, a remela-de-cachorro foi estudada em relação à sua constituição fenólica e de seu aroma. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar o estudo químico qualitativo e quantitativo dos seus frutos por meio da cromatografia líquida de ultra-alta performance e cromatografia gasosa acopladas à espectrometria de massas (UHPLC-MS/MS e GC-MS, respectivamente). Adicionalmente, avaliar as atividades antioxidante e de inibição enzimática in vitro do extrato metanólico. A técnica GC-MS foi empregada juntamente com a microextração em fase sólida em headspace (HS-SPME) para avaliar a composição do aroma da fruta. Foram identificados 28 compostos a partir da polpa in natura da remela-de-cachorro, sendo os aldeídos, o grupo mais abundante de compostos orgânicos voláteis na remela-de cachorro com percentual total de 26,14%. Constatou-se que o linalol (10,1 %), 1-octen-3-ol (4,42 %), β-ionona (4,08 %) e hexanal (3,05 %) foram os principais contribuintes para o aroma característico desta espécie. Através do método de Folin-Ciocalteu, mostrou que a fruta estudada é rica em compostos fenólicos (8,28 mg GAE/g). Utilizando o sistema LC-MS/MS, 9 compostos fenólicos (galatos de alquila, flavonoides e ácidos hidroxicinâmicos) foram identificados e quantificados na polpa. A capacidade antioxidante do extrato da remela-de-cachorro pelo método do ABTS apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante (12,0 ± 1,28 μg/mL) comparado ao ensaio do DPPH (30,0 ± 1,0 μg/mL). O efeito do extrato da fruta apresentou baixa porcentagem de inibição total frente às enzimas lipase e α-glicosidase.