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Journal articles on the topic 'Theoretical Biology and Variable Groupoids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

C., Baianu, and F. Glazebrook J. "BRAIN Journal - Categorial Ontology of Complex Systems, Meta-Systems and Levels: The Emergence of Life, Human Consciousness and Society." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 1, SPECIAL ISSUE ON COMPLEXITY IN SCIENCES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (2010): 119–207. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036710.

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ABSTRACT Relational structures of organisms and the human mind are naturally represented in terms of novel variable topology concepts, non-Abelian categories and Higher Dimensional Algebra– relatively new concepts that would be defined in this tutorial paper. A unifying theme of local-to-global approaches to organismic development, evolution and human consciousness leads to novel patterns of relations that emerge in super- and ultra- complex systems in terms of compositions of local procedures [1]. The claim is defended in this paper that human consciousness is unique and should be viewed as a

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Nespolo, Massimo, Bernd Souvignier, and Berthold Stöger. "Groupoid description of modular structures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, no. 3 (2020): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273320000650.

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Modular structures are crystal structures built by subperiodic (zero-, mono- or diperiodic) substructures, called modules. The whole set of partial operations relating substructures in a modular structure build up a groupoid; modular structures composed of identical substructures are described by connected groupoids, or groupoids in the sense of Brandt. A general approach is presented to describe modular structures by Brandt's groupoids and how to obtain the corresponding space groups, in which only the partial operations that have an extension to the whole crystal space appear.

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Di Zazzo, Antonio, Sang-Mok Lee, Jaemyoung Sung, et al. "Variable Responses to Corneal Grafts: Insights from Immunology and Systems Biology." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (2020): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020586.

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Corneal grafts interact with their hosts via complex immunobiological processes that sometimes lead to graft failure. Prediction of graft failure is often a tedious task due to the genetic and nongenetic heterogeneity of patients. As in other areas of medicine, a reliable prediction method would impact therapeutic decision-making in corneal transplantation. Valuable insights into the clinically observed heterogeneity of host responses to corneal grafts have emerged from multidisciplinary approaches, including genomics analyses, mechanical studies, immunobiology, and theoretical modeling. Here,

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Araújo, J., H. Costa Neta, J. Oliveira, et al. "Variable Parotid Papillue and its Implication in Sialadenitis." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 02 (2018): 087–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667194.

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Introduction Papillae are small conical bumps found on the skin or mucous membranes surfaces. In the mouth, the parotid papillae are responsible for expelling saliva from the parotid gland to its cavity. Sialadenitis is an inflammation that affects the salivary gland and/or its duct. Objectives To report a variable parotid papilla case and its implication in sialadenitis. Materials and Methods The research was performed at the Morphofunctional Sciences Laboratory of the Faculdades Integradas de Patos - FIP. We used a cadaveric hemiface from the anatomy laboratory and a digital caliper rule for

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Aoki, Kenichi. "On the absence of a correlation between population size and ‘toolkit size' in ethnographic hunter–gatherers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1743 (2018): 20170061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0061.

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In apparent contradiction to the theoretically predicted effect of population size on the quality/quantity of material culture, statistical analyses on ethnographic hunter–gatherers have shown an absence of correlation between population size and toolkit size. This has sparked a heated, if sometimes tangential, debate as to the usefulness of the theoretical models and as to what modes of cultural transmission humans are capable of and hunter–gatherers rely on. I review the directly relevant theoretical literature and argue that much of the confusion is caused by a mismatch between the theoreti

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Tamura, Koichiro, Qiqing Tao, and Sudhir Kumar. "Theoretical Foundation of the RelTime Method for Estimating Divergence Times from Variable Evolutionary Rates." Molecular Biology and Evolution 35, no. 7 (2018): 1770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy044.

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Campbell, Branton J., Harold T. Stokes, Tyler B. Averett, Shae Machlus, and Christopher J. Yost. "Theoretical and computational improvements to the algebraic method for discovering cooperative rigid-unit modes." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 6 (2021): 1664–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721009341.

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A linear-algebraic algorithm for identifying rigid-unit modes in networks of interconnected rigid units has recently been demonstrated. This article presents a series of enhancements to the original algorithm, which greatly improve its conceptual simplicity, numerical robustness, computational efficiency and interpretability. The improvements include the efficient isolation of constraints, the observation of variable-block separability, the use of singular value decomposition and a quantitative measure of solution inexactness.

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Leluk, J., B. Hanus-Lorenz, and A. F. Sikorski. "Application of genetic semihomology algorithm to theoretical studies on various protein families." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 1 (2001): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_5109.

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Several protein families of different nature were studied for genetic relationship, correct alignment at non-homologous fragments, optimal sequence consensus construction, and confirmation of their actual relevance. A comparison of the genetic semihomology approach with statistical approaches indicates a high accuracy and cognition significance of the former. This is particularly pronounced in the study of related proteins that show a low degree of homology. The sequence multiple alignments were verified and corrected with respect to the questionable, non-homologous fragments. The verified ali

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Masone, Diego, Marina Uhart, and Diego M. Bustos. "Bending Lipid Bilayers: A Closed-Form Collective Variable for Effective Free-Energy Landscapes in Quantitative Biology." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 14, no. 4 (2018): 2240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00012.

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Stapley, Jessica, Philine G. D. Feulner, Susan E. Johnston, Anna W. Santure, and Carole M. Smadja. "Recombination: the good, the bad and the variable." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1736 (2017): 20170279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0279.

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Recombination, the process by which DNA strands are broken and repaired, producing new combinations of alleles, occurs in nearly all multicellular organisms and has important implications for many evolutionary processes. The effects of recombination can be good , as it can facilitate adaptation, but also bad when it breaks apart beneficial combinations of alleles, and recombination is highly variable between taxa, species, individuals and across the genome. Understanding how and why recombination rate varies is a major challenge in biology. Most theoretical and empirical work has been devoted

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11

Çağin, Tahir, and B. Montgomery Pettitt. "Molecular dynamics with a variable number of molecules." Molecular Physics 72, no. 1 (1991): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979100100111.

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van der Laan, Tom, Isabelle Boom, Joshua Maliepaard, Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman, Amy C. Harms, and Thomas Hankemeier. "Data-Independent Acquisition for the Quantification and Identification of Metabolites in Plasma." Metabolites 10, no. 12 (2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10120514.

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A popular fragmentation technique for non-targeted analysis is called data-independent acquisition (DIA), because it provides fragmentation data for all analytes in a specific mass range. In this work, we demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of DIA. Two types of chromatography (fractionation/3 min and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)/18 min) and three DIA protocols (variable sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH), fixed SWATH and MSALL) were used to evaluate the performance of DIA. Our results show that fast chromatography and MSALL ofte

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Benavides, Ana Laura, and Fernando Del Rio. "Properties of the square-well fluid of variable width." Molecular Physics 68, no. 5 (1989): 983–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268978900102691.

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Del Rio, Fernando, and Leonel Lira. "Properties of the square-well fluid of variable width." Molecular Physics 61, no. 2 (1987): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268978700101141.

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LARGO, J., J. R. SOLANA, L. ACEDO, and A. SANTOS. "Heat capacity of square-well fluids of variable width." Molecular Physics 101, no. 19 (2003): 2981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970310001597318.

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Ryltsev, R. E., L. D. Son, K. Yu Shunyaev, and M. G. Vasin. "Variable reactivity and phase separation in patchy particle systems." Molecular Physics 117, no. 20 (2019): 2865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2019.1589589.

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Humby, Trevor, Yateen Patel, Jenny Carter, Laura-Jean G. Stokes, Robert D. Rogers, and Lawrence S. Wilkinson. "Feeding behaviour, risk-sensitivity and response control: effects of 5-HT2Creceptor manipulations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1766 (2018): 20180144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0144.

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People, like animals, tend to choose the variable option when given the choice between a fixed and variable delay to reward where, in the variable delay condition, some rewards are available immediately (Laura-Jeanet al. 2019Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B374, 20180141. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0141)). This bias has been suggested to reflect evolutionary pressures resulting from food scarcity in the past placing a premium on obtaining food quickly that can win out against the risks of sometimes sustaining longer delays to food. The psychologies mediating this effect may become maladaptive in the develope

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Kristensen, T. N., and A. C. Sørensen. "Inbreeding – lessons from animal breeding, evolutionary biology and conservation genetics." Animal Science 80, no. 2 (2005): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc41960121.

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Abstract Increased rates of inbreeding are one side effect of breeding programmes designed to give genetic progress for traits of economic importance in livestock. Inbreeding leads to inbreeding depression for traits showing dominance, and will ultimately lead to a decrease in genetic variance within populations. Here we review theoretical and experimental literature from animal breeding, evolutionary biology and conservation genetics on the consequences of inbreeding in terms of trait means and genetic and environmental variance components. The genetic background for these effects is presente

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Rodríguez-Arcos, M., M. Bermúdez-Montaña, J. M. Arias, J. Gómez-Camacho, E. Orgaz, and R. Lemus. "Algebraic discrete variable representation approaches: application to interatomic effective potentials." Molecular Physics 119, no. 8 (2021): e1876264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2021.1876264.

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FINKEN, REIMAR, VINCENT BALLENEGGER, and JEAN-PIERRE HANSEN. "Onsager model for a variable dielectric permittivity near an interface." Molecular Physics 101, no. 16 (2003): 2559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0026897032000112892.

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Mortuza, Forida Y., Ilidia M. Moreira, Maria Papaioannou, et al. "Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals preferential usage of JH-proximal variable gene segments." Blood 97, no. 9 (2001): 2716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.9.2716.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize individual-segment and overall patterns of VH gene usage in adult B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Theoretical values of VH segment usage were calculated with the assumption that all VH segments capable of undergoing rearrangement have an equal probability of selection for recombination. Leukemic clones from 127 patients with adult B-lineage acute leukemias were studied by fingerprinting by means of primers for the framework 1 and joining segments. Clones from early preimmune B cells (245 alleles identified) show a predominance of

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Leone, Patrizia, Angelo Vacca, Franco Dammacco, and Vito Racanelli. "Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Gastric Malignancies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 2 (2018): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020451.

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Koelle, Katia, Oliver Ratmann, David A. Rasmussen, Virginia Pasour, and Jonathan Mattingly. "A dimensionless number for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of antigenically variable RNA viruses." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1725 (2011): 3723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0435.

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Antigenically variable RNA viruses are significant contributors to the burden of infectious disease worldwide. One reason for their ubiquity is their ability to escape herd immunity through rapid antigenic evolution and thereby to reinfect previously infected hosts. However, the ways in which these viruses evolve antigenically are highly diverse. Some have only limited diversity in the long-run, with every emergence of a new antigenic variant coupled with a replacement of the older variant. Other viruses rapidly accumulate antigenic diversity over time. Others still exhibit dynamics that can b

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Essig, A., and S. R. Caplan. "Water movement: does thermodynamic interpretation distort reality?" American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 3 (1989): C694—C698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.3.c694.

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In a recent theoretical analysis of water flow, Finkelstein (Water Movement Through Lipid Bilayers, Pores, and Plasma Membranes: Theory and Reality, 1987) has attacked the contributions of irreversible thermodynamics, stating that "the thermodynamic treatment of uphill water flow completely distorts reality." Instead he presents a mechanistic formulation. For a porous membrane, water flow is attributed to convection generated by a favorable hydrostatic pressure gradient within pores, even when in the presence of permeant solutes water moves against its chemical potential gradient; water flow m

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Patel, B. H., H. Docherty, S. Varga, A. Galindo *, and G. C. Maitland. "Generalized equation of state for square-well potentials of variable range." Molecular Physics 103, no. 1 (2005): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970412331303990.

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26

Theis, Jason D., Julie A. Vrana, Jeffrey D. Gamez, Angela Dispenzieri, Stephen R. Zeldenrust, and Ahmet Dogan. "Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Constant Region Is An Invariable Part of Amyloid Deposits in AL Amyloidosis." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3128.3128.

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Abstract Background: Amyloidosis caused by immunoglobulin light chain (IGLC) deposition, so-called AL-type or primary amyloidosis, is the most common type of amyloidosis. It has been long believed that IGLC variable regions form the core of the AL-type amyloid deposits and peptides derived from IGLC constant region peptides are only occasionally integrated into this core. For this reason, the scientific effort to identify thge risk factors for development of AL amyloidosis and the biochemical characteristics amyloid deposits has focused on IGLC variable region derived proteins. To understand t

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Ledesma-Terrón, Mario, Nuria Peralta-Cañadas, and David G. Míguez. "FGF2 modulates simultaneously the mode, the rate of division and the growth fraction in cultures of radial glia." Development 147, no. 14 (2020): dev189712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.189712.

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ABSTRACTRadial glial progenitors in the mammalian developing neocortex have been shown to follow a deterministic differentiation program restricted to an asymmetric-only mode of division. This feature seems incompatible with their well-known ability to increase in number when cultured in vitro, driven by fibroblast growth factor 2 and other mitogenic signals. The changes in their differentiation dynamics that allow this transition from in vivo asymmetric-only division mode to an in vitro self-renewing culture have not been fully characterized. Here, we combine experiments of radial glia cultur

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Frank, T. D. "SARS-coronavirus-2 infections: biological instabilities characterized by order parameters." Physical Biology 19, no. 3 (2022): 036001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/ac5155.

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Abstract A four-variable virus dynamics TIIV model was considered that involves infected cells in an eclipse phase. The state space description of the model was transferred into an amplitude space description which is the appropriate general, nonlinear physics framework to describe instabilities. In this context, the unstable eigenvector or order parameter of the model was determined. Subsequently, a model-based analysis of viral load data from eight symptomatic COVID-19 patients was conducted. For all patients, it was found that the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection evolved along the respective pa

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Romanelli, Gustavo P., Jorge L. Jios, Juan C. Autino, Lázaro F. R. Cafferata, and Eduardo A. Castro. "Relationships between Kováts Retention Indices and Molecular Descriptors of 1-(2-Hydroxy)-3-Arylpropane-1,3-Diones." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.399.

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Experimental and theoretical results for retention index of a set of 20 beta-diketones are given. The quantitative structure-chromatographic retention relationships (QSRR) theory is employed and six molecular descriptors are chosen to compute the fitting polynomials. Multiple regression analysis yields satisfactory results when one resorts to several variables equations, instead of computing just one-variable formulae. Average absolute deviations from experimental results are rather low, which seems to point out the suitability of the present approach.

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Henderson, James R., and Jonathan Tennyson. "Very highly excited vibrational states of LiCN using a discrete variable representation." Molecular Physics 69, no. 4 (1990): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979000100471.

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Sidky, Hythem, Wei Chen, and Andrew L. Ferguson. "Machine learning for collective variable discovery and enhanced sampling in biomolecular simulation." Molecular Physics 118, no. 5 (2020): e1737742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2020.1737742.

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Rabia, Lilia A., Yulei Zhang, Seth D. Ludwig, Mark C. Julian, and Peter M. Tessier. "Net charge of antibody complementarity-determining regions is a key predictor of specificity." Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 31, no. 11 (2018): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzz002.

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Abstract Specificity is one of the most important and complex properties that is central to both natural antibody function and therapeutic antibody efficacy. However, it has proven extremely challenging to define robust guidelines for predicting antibody specificity. Here we evaluated the physicochemical determinants of antibody specificity for multiple panels of antibodies, including &gt;100 clinical-stage antibodies. Surprisingly, we find that the theoretical net charge of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) is a strong predictor of antibody specificity. Antibodies with positi

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Wikramaratna, Paul S., Michi Sandeman, Mario Recker, and Sunetra Gupta. "The antigenic evolution of influenza: drift or thrift?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1614 (2013): 20120200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0200.

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It is commonly assumed that antibody responses against the influenza virus are polarized in the following manner: strong antibody responses are directed at highly variable antigenic epitopes, which consequently undergo ‘antigenic drift’, while weak antibody responses develop against conserved epitopes. As the highly variable epitopes are in a constant state of flux, current antibody-based vaccine strategies are focused on the conserved epitopes in the expectation that they will provide some level of clinical protection after appropriate boosting. Here, we use a theoretical model to suggest the

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Hughes, Anna, Eric Liggins, and Martin Stevens. "Imperfect camouflage: how to hide in a variable world?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1902 (2019): 20190646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0646.

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Camouflage is an important anti-predator strategy for many animals and is traditionally thought of as being tightly linked to a specific visual background. While much work focuses on optimizing camouflage against one background, this may not be relevant for many species and contexts, as animals may encounter many different habitats throughout their lives due to temporal and spatial variation in their environment. How should camouflage be optimized when an animal or object is seen against multiple visual backgrounds? Various solutions may exist, including colour change to match new environments

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Gil-Villegas, Alejandro, Carlos Vega, Fernando Del Río, and Anatol Malijevsky. "Structure of variable-width square-well fluids from the reference hypernetted chain equation." Molecular Physics 86, no. 4 (1995): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979500102421.

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Noon, Najat Jalil. "Numerical Analysis of Least-Squares Group Finite Element Method for Coupled Burgers' Problem." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4(Suppl.) (2021): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4(suppl.).1521.

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In this paper, a least squares group finite element method for solving coupled Burgers' problem in 2-D is presented. A fully discrete formulation of least squares finite element method is analyzed, the backward-Euler scheme for the time variable is considered, the discretization with respect to space variable is applied as biquadratic quadrangular elements with nine nodes for each element. The continuity, ellipticity, stability condition and error estimate of least squares group finite element method are proved. The theoretical results show that the error estimate of this method is . The numer

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Redding, Gabe P., John E. Bronlund, and Alan L. Hart. "Theoretical investigation into the dissolved oxygen levels in follicular fluid of the developing human follicle using mathematical modelling." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 3 (2008): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd07190.

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Oxygen levels in the follicle are likely to be critical to follicle development. However, a quantitative description of oxygen levels in the follicle is lacking. Mathematical modelling was used to predict the dissolved oxygen levels in the follicular fluid of the developing human follicle. The model predictions showed that follicular fluid dissolved oxygen levels are highly variable among follicles, due to the unique geometry of individual follicles. More generally, predictions showed that oxygen levels in follicular fluid increase rapidly during the initial early antral stages of follicle gro

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Qin, Jie, Jing Li, Qiang Gao, John-James Wilson, and Ai-bing Zhang. "Mitochondrial phylogeny and comparative mitogenomics of closely related pine moth pests (Lepidoptera:Dendrolimus)." PeerJ 7 (July 23, 2019): e7317. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7317.

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BackgroundPine moths,Dendrolimusspp. (Lasiocampidae), are serious economic pests of conifer forests. Six closely related species (Dendrolimus punctatus,D. tabulaeformis,D. spectabilis,D. superans,D. houi, andD. kikuchii) occur in China and cause serious damage to coniferophyte. The complete mito genomes ofDendrolimusgenus are significant to resolve the phylogenetic relationship and provide theoretical support in pest control.MethodsThe complete mitogenomes of three species (D. superans,D. houi, andD. kikuchii) were sequenced based on PCR-amplified with universal primers, which were used to amp

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Kar, Tuhin Kumar, and Soovoojeet Jana. "Dynamical Behavior of a Malaria Model with Discrete Delay and Optimal Insecticide Control." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 12, no. 01 (2017): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048017500023.

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In this paper we have proposed and analyzed a simple three-dimensional mathematical model related to malaria disease. We consider three state variables associated with susceptible human population, infected human population and infected mosquitoes, respectively. A discrete delay parameter has been incorporated to take account of the time of incubation period with infected mosquitoes. We consider the effect of insecticide control, which is applied to the mosquitoes. Basic reproduction number is figured out for the proposed model and it is shown that when this threshold is less than unity then t

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Borodina, K. I., A. M. Kmets, and O. I. Lutsenko. "Cloud technologies as a way to form and develop evolutionary concepts in future teachers of biology." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 25 (August 30, 2019): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v25.1188.

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Aim. The article is devoted to the substantiation of theoretical and methodical principles of professional training of teachers of biology in the conditions of the informational and educational environment; multilevel and differentiated approaches in training with the possibility of continuous receipt of online and off-line assistance. Methods. Analysis of psychological and pedagogical, methodical literature; synthesis, a generalization; psycho-pedagogical observation, questionnaire, pedagogical experiment. Results. The authors proposed a methodology for involving information technologies, in

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Nordio, Pier Luigi, and Antonino Polimeno. "Diffusion model for a reactive coordinate coupled to a solvent variable of different timescale." Molecular Physics 75, no. 5 (1992): 1203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979200100921.

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Kjønstad, Eirik F., John F. Moxnes, Tomas L. Jensen, and Erik Unneberg. "All molecular surfaces are equal: demanding invariance of predictions in linear single-variable models." Molecular Physics 114, no. 10 (2016): 1559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2016.1140842.

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Anderson, R. M. "Evolutionary pressures in the spread and persistence of infectious agents in vertebrate populations." Parasitology 111, S1 (1995): S15—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200007579x.

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SUMMARYInfectious agents have considerable potential to regulate or constrain the population growth of vertebrate hosts in natural habitats. A broad theoretical framework provides many insights into how the biology of the parasite and the demography of the host interact to determine this impact. It may manifest itself as a steady influence over time via stable endemic infection or in a recurrent epidemic fashion, sometimes with unpredictable intervals between epidemics depending on the generation time of the pathogen (time from infection to recovery or host death), its ability to induce lastin

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Grajales Amorocho, Marly, and Anibal Muñoz Loaiza. "A theoretical model for optimal control of banana Moko (Musa AAB Simmonds)." F1000Research 9 (February 19, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27373.2.

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A population simulation model with non-linear ordinary differential equations is presented, which interprets the dynamics of the banana Moko, with prevention of the disease and population of susceptible and infected plants over time. A crop with a variable population of plants and a logistic growth of replanting is assumed, taking into account the maximum capacity of plants in the delimited study area. Also, with the help of farmers, the costs of implementing prevention strategies and elimination of infected plants were calculated per week in order to determine the optimal conditions that cont

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Huang, Liang, Xiaomin Su, and Howard Federoff. "Single-Chain Fragment Variable Passive Immunotherapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 9 (2013): 19109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms140919109.

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Lim, Ho-Kyung, Seok-Jin Hong, Sun-Ju Byeon, et al. "3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186942.

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This study evaluated the mechanical properties and bone regeneration ability of 3D-printed pure hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pure ceramic scaffolds with variable pore architectures. A digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer was used to construct block-type scaffolds containing only HA and TCP after the polymer binder was completely removed by heat treatment. The compressive strength and porosity of the blocks with various structures were measured; scaffolds with different pore sizes were implanted in rabbit calvarial models. The animals were observed for eight weeks, and si

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Sebastian Yakisich, Juan. "Theoretical Basis for the Measurement of Small Differences in the Length of the Cell Cycle between Two Cell Populations." Open Biology Journal 2, no. 1 (2009): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874196700902010095.

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The length of the cell cycle (TC) is a tight regulated process and is important for proper development and homeostasis. Although several methods are available for estimating the duration of the cell cycle, it is difficult to determinate small differences of TC between two different cell populations due to biological and/or experimental variability. A novel strategy based in co-cultivation of two cell strains followed by a series of dilution and propagation of the culture will allow the quantification of very small differences in the length of two cell populations at resolution levels not possi

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Minkov, Ivan L., Emil D. Manev, Svetla V. Sazdanova, and Kiril H. Kolikov. "Equilibrium and Dynamic Osmotic Behaviour of Aqueous Solutions with Varied Concentration at Constant and Variable Volume." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/876897.

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Osmosis is essential for the living organisms. In biological systems the process usually occurs in confined volumes and may express specific features. The osmotic pressure in aqueous solutions was studied here experimentally as a function of solute concentration (0.05–0.5 M) in two different regimes: of constant and variable solution volume. Sucrose, a biologically active substance, was chosen as a reference solute for the complex tests. A custom made osmotic cell was used. A novel operative experimental approach, employing limited variation of the solution volume, was developed and applied fo

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Liu, Jun, and Mauro Ferrari. "Mechanical Spectral Signatures of Malignant Disease? A Small-Sample, Comparative Study of Continuum vs. Nano-Biomechanical Data Analyses." Disease Markers 18, no. 4 (2002): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/874157.

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Thin sections from human breast biopsies were employed to perform a differential analysis of the ultrasound spectral responses from invasive ductal carcinoma and normal tissue. A non-destructive testing methodology was employed, yielding the reflection coefficients as function of frequency in the clinical ultrasound range. The spectral responses were simulated both in the context of continuum and nano-biomechanics, with the objective of quantifying the physical properties that determine the differences in the spectral signature of normal vs. malignant tissue. The properties that were employed

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Huang, Jen-Huang, Duanduan Han, Molly E. Ruggles, Arul Jayaraman, and Victor M. Ugaz. "Characterization of enzymatic micromachining for construction of variable cross-section microchannel topologies." Biomicrofluidics 10, no. 3 (2016): 033102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4948508.

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