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1
Mahlalela, Babazile. "Rethinking the African language curriculum (with special reference to SiSwati) : a theoretical and empirical study." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8065.
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The field study based on a questionnaire, classroom observation and a range of interviews with government officials and teachers confirmed a deeply negative attitude towards the way SiSwati is being taught, resulting in negative attitudes towards the language itself. Other findings pointed to a resistance to the cultural content of the curriculum as dictated by the power elite in Swaziland, the outdated emphasis on linguistics rather than sociolinguistics as an informing discipline and the absence of social and negative literacy skills embedded in subject content. The field study reflects an overall climate of despondency governing the teaching and learning context.
2
Henneke, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "How can governments communicate labour market reforms successfully? : A theoretical and empirical approach to good reform communication by a case study of Germany with comparative references to the United Kingdom / Stefanie Henneke." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1071529838/34.
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3
Haddow, Barry M. "A study of certain linear connections arising in physical theories with particular reference to holonomy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU052682.
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The aim of this thesis is to study certain linear connections arising in physics; and in particular metric connections, Weyl connections and Cartan connections are examined. Emphasis is placed on the holonomy group of the connection and the relationships between the relevant geometric objects in the physical theories. The appropriate mathematical background is reviewed in the first two chapters and various notions from differential geometry are introduced. Proofs of theorems relating covariantly constant and recurrent tensors with holonomy are given in detail, and Eisenhart's results on connections induced in submanifolds are given a modern treatment. The relationship between a metric, its Levi-Civita connection and its curvature tensor is examined in chapter three. Some new results on the problem of how to 'recognise' a metric curvature are presented and the idea of a 'curvature copy' - different linear connections with the same curvature - is discussed. Weyl's elegant attempt to unify gravity with electromagnetism is the topic of the fourth chapter. A full holonomy classification of Weyl connections is given in this chapter, along with results concerning the relationship between metric, connection and curvature. The Cartan connection was introduced by Cartan as a device for placing Newtonian gravity in a similar formal setting to Einstein's theory of gravity. This connection is studied in chapter five and reference is made to holonomy properties, symmetries and reduction of the bundle - which enables Newtonian gravity to take on the appearance of a gauge field theory.
4
Oliphant, Nevin Horace. "A multireference coupled-cluster method using a single-reference formalism." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185629.
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The coupled-cluster (CC) equations including single, double, triple and quadruple excitations (CCSDTQ) are qraphically derived using Feynman diagrams. These equations are programmed and an iterative reduced linear equation method is used to solve these equations. A few points on the potential curves for the dissociation of some model systems with a single bond (LiH and Li₂) are calculated using CC doubles (CCD), singles and doubles (CCSD), singles, doubles and triples (CCSDT) and CCSDTQ. These calculations demonstrate the magnitude of the CC contributions arising from triple and quadruple excitation amplitudes to the stretching of a chemical bond. A multi-reference coupled-cluster singles and doubles (MRCCSD) method utilizing two reference determinants, which differ by a two electron excitation, is then proposed. One of these determinants is selected as the formal reference determinant. The proposed method is based on the single-reference coupled-cluster equations truncated after quadruples with appropriate restrictions placed on the triple and quadruple amplitudes to allow only those amplitudes which correspond to single and double excitations from the second reference determinant. The computational expense of this method is no more than twice that of singles and doubles from a single reference (CCSD). These equations are programmed and the potential curves for the dissociation of a few model systems with single bonds (LiH, BH, and H₂O) are calculated to demonstrate the correct bond dissociation properties of this method. These calculations also demonstrate how much of the CC energy contribution arising from the triple and quadruple excitation amplitudes can be attributed to single and double excitations from the second reference determinant.
5
Facchinetti, Rosalba. "A identidade intelectual e o poder da palavra." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27152/tde-30102014-154140/.
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Este trabalho buscou demonstrar que a concepção de mundo/cosmovisão, (reunião das escolhas ontológicas, epistemológicas e metodológicas) base teórica/paradigmática do pesquisador das Ciências Sociais, posta em crise pela passagem da modernidade para a pós-modernidade, pode ser retomada através da construção da sua Identidade Intelectual - expressa na sua palavra - prova da autonomia e da autodeterminação.<br>This research aimed at demonstrating that the conception of the world/Cosmo vision (assembly of ontological, epistemological and methodological choices) theoretical grounds for the researcher in Social Sciences, in crisis by the transition from Modernity to Post-Modernity, can be rescued through the building of its intellectual identity - expressed in ones voice - proof of autonomy and self-determination.
6
Wåhlin, Pernilla. "Theoretical Actinide Chemistry – Methods and Models." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54848.
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The chemistry of actinides in aqueous solution is important, and it is essential to build adequate conceptual models and develop methods applicable for actinide systems. The complex electronic structure makes benchmarking necessary. In the thesis a prototype reaction of the water exchange reaction for uranyl(VI), for both ground and luminescent states, described with a six-water model, was used to study the applicability of density functional methods on actinides and different solvation models. An excellent agreement between the wave function methods CCSD(T) and MP2 was obtained in the ground state, implying that near-minimal CASPT2 can be used with confidence for the reaction in the luminescent state of uranyl(VI), while density functionals are not suited to describe energetics for this type of reaction. There was an ambiguity concerning the position of the waters in the second hydration sphere. This issue was resolved by investigating a larger model, and prop- erly used the six-water model was found to adequately describe the water exchange reaction. The effect of solvation was investigated by comparing the results from conductor-like polarizable continuum models using two cavity models. Scattered numbers made it difficult to determine which solvation model to use. The final conclusion was that the water exchange reaction in the luminescent state of uranyl(VI) should be addressed with near-minimal CASPT2 and a solvation model without explicit cavities for hydrogens. Finally it was shown that no new chemistry appears in the luminescent state for this reaction. The thesis includes a methodological investigation of a multi-reference density functional method based on a range separation of the two-electron interaction. The method depends on a universal parameter, which has been determined for lighter elements. It is shown here that the same parameter could be used for actinides, a prerequisite for further development of the method. The results are in that sense promising.
7
Van, Peperstraten Jan-Jaap. "Literary intelligence : a virtue theoretical analysis with special reference to its educational implications." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545855.
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In this dissertation it is argued that the concept of literary intelligence as used and developed by Frank Raymond Leavis and other members of his Scrutiny circle is a viable theoretical and educational notion and is long due a reappraisal. Their thesis that reading quality texts intelligently assists our personal and moral development is taken up and subjected to philosophical analysis. It is also argued that a theory of intellectual virtue is best suited for such a reappraisal. Literary intelligence is then found to be best interpreted as a form of Aristotelian practical intelligence. This interpretation allows us to theorize the moral salience of literary experiences. This theorization is achieved through an in-depth analysis of relevant articles written by Leavis, Harding and Bantock, assorted writings on the relationship between life and art as envisaged by a number of thinkers, as well as a sustained analysis of the theory of intellectual virtue. In particular, recourse is taken to the theory of intellectual virtue as drafted by American philosopher Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski. Consequently, a number of educational implications of the above theories are identified and commented upon. Also, it is shown that the above-mentioned theoretical insights fit in well with the consistent findings of research into reading. Finally it is argued that if the capacity to read well is best approached as a moral trait, then reading education cannot be legitimately conceptualized as one ‗competence‘ among others. On the contrary: reading education ought to form the moral kernel of the curriculum. A sustained and socially sanctioned emphasis on the fostering of reading and the creation of a culture of literacy will widely expand the social, cultural and moral horizons of children and adults alike
8
Südekum, Jens. "Agglomeration and regional unemployment disparities : a theoretical analysis with reference to the European Union /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/369180054.pdf.
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Tsuruta, Yoko. "Internationalisation of higher education : A theoretical and empirical investigation with special reference to Japanese universities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503989.
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Saphou-Bivigat, Gilles. "A theoretical model for an encyclopaedic dictionary for the Gabonese languages with reference to Yilumbu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3990.
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Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation is an attempt to design a theoretical model for an encyclopaedic
dictionary for Gabonese languages. It makes specific reference to Yilumbu, a developing
language of the Bantu phylum (B44, according to Guthrie’s classification) spoken in
Gabon and in Congo. All existing metalexicographic studies on Gabonese languages
(including Yilumbu) pursue the compilation of comprehensive language dictionaries.
Most of them are bilingual languages.
On the other hand, a number of encyclopaedic dictionaries exist for Gabonese languages.
Most of them were compiled by Catholic and Protestant missionaries and colonial
administrators. However, none of these reference works was compiled on the basis of a
prior metalexicographic orientation.
Ultimately, the present study is the first of its kind to propose an encyclopaedic
dictionary for Gabonese languages on the basis of a comprehensive metalexicographic
analysis.
This dissertation also shows that the planned encyclopaedic dictionary reflects the
language planning needs of Gabon. Developing and documenting the Gabonese
languages on all levels of communication in order to address all the roles and user
characteristics are a great challenge. As far as encyclopaedic dictionary compilation is
concerned, acquaintance with state-of-the-art developments in the theory and practice of
lexicography is necessary.
This dissertation comprises nine chapters. Chapter 1 mainly focuses on the specific aims,
the purpose and the motivation of the study. The research problem is also demarcated in
this chapter. Furthermore, the chapter presents the theoretical model that provides the
framework for this research as well as the methodological approach adopted. The
potential impact of the study, the reasons for and the position of the source and target
languages as well as the sociolinguistic situation of Yilumbu are also introduced in the
first chapter.
Chapter 2 is a review of the dictionary typology with reference to the proposed model. It
aims to present a typological framework for the planned encyclopaedic dictionary. It also introduces various dictionary typologies and contrasts encyclopaedic lexicography and
general lexicography. The chapter concludes with a typological profile of the planned
encyclopaedic dictionary for Yilumbu before outlining specific principles of the proposed
model for an encyclopaedic dictionary.
Chapter 3 is a review of encyclopaedic lexicography in Gabon. It introduces the concept
of encyclopaedic lexicography. Then it provides a literature review of lexicographic
surveys in the Gabonese languages by presenting existing encyclopaedic works in Gabon.
The chapter also outlines recent trends in Gabonese lexicography in order to explain the
situation of encyclopaedic lexicography in Gabonese lexicographic studies. Finally, the
need for research in encyclopaedic lexicography in the Gabonese languages is underlined
and specific advantages of encyclopaedic research for Yilumbu lexicography are
introduced.
Chapter 4 focuses on the target users of the planned encyclopaedic dictionary and its
lexicographic functions. The chapter starts with a broad outline of target users and the
activity of dictionary compilation. It also reviews what is known as target users and
outlines user characteristics. The lexicographic functions of the planned encyclopaedic
dictionary are also outlined in this chapter.
Chapter 5 gives a comprehensive presentation of the frame structure of the planned
encyclopaedic dictionary of Yilumbu. More specifically, the chapter provides a definition
of the concept of frame structure and schematises the frame structure, highlighting its
components. It outlines the accessory texts and the outer texts of the planned dictionary.
This chapter also contains an outline of the front matter and the back matter strategies
used for the Yilumbu encyclopaedic dictionary project. The central word list is also dealt
with in this chapter. Finally, the chapter reports on the proposed frame structure
functions.
Chapter 6 focuses on the macrostructure of the planned dictionary. In this chapter, a
general overview of the concept of macrostructure is first given. Then the chapter
presents the dictionary basis and the selection of the lemma candidate list. Further
macrostructural issues are also described. In Chapter 7, different aspects of the microstructure are discussed, focusing on a number
of contributions. The chapter presents the concept of microstructure according to
Hausmann and Wiegand (1989) and enumerates the different types of article to be
included in the microstructure. Data to be included in the microstructure are also
presented.
Chapter 8 discusses the notion of access structure and its related concepts, namely outer
access structure, inner access structure and search zones. The effectiveness and success of
any dictionary is measured, among other things, by the accessibility and retrievability of
the desired information. The chapter contains an overview of the concept of access
structure and also deals with the outer access structure. Moreover, the chapter presents
the inner access structure and the rapid access structure. The mediostructure is finally
dealt with as a way of gaining access to data.
Chapter 9 provides a comprehensive conclusion of the dissertation. This chapter also
outlines the contribution of the research findings to lexicographic research, to the
emerging Gabonese lexicography and to the fuller promotion of the Yilumbu language. It
provides conclusions and formulates suggestions for further research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif is 'n poging om 'n teoretiese model te ontwerp vir 'n ensiklopediese
woordeboek vir Gaboenese tale. Spesifieke verwysing word gemaak na Yilumbu, 'n
ontwikkelende taal van die Bantoefilum (B44 volgens Guthrie se klassifikasie) wat in
Gaboen en die Kongo gepraat word.Alle bestaande metaleksikografiese studie oor die
Gaboenese tale (insluitende Yilumbu) is gerig op die samestelling van omvattende
taalwoordeboeke; meestal tweetalige woordeboeke.
Daar bestaan wel 'n aantal ensiklopediese woordeboeke vir Gaboenese tale. Die meeste
daarvan is deur Katolieke en Protestantse sendelinge en koloniale administrateurs
saamgestel. Geeneen van hierdie woordeboeke is op 'n voorafbeplande
metaleksikografiese basis saamgestel nie. Die huidige studie is die eerste van sy soort om
'n ensiklopediese woordeboek vir die Gaboenese tale voor te stel op die basis van 'n
omvattende metaleksikografiese analise.
Hierdie proefskrif wil aantoon dat die voorgestelde ensiklopediese woordeboek die
taalbeplanningsbehoeftes van Gaboen reflekteer. Ontwikkeling en dokumentering van die
Gaboenese tale op alle vlakke van kommunikasie, ten einde aan al die rolle en
gebruikerseienskappe aandag te gee, is ʼn groot uitdaging. So ver dit die samestelling van
’n ensiklopediese woordeboek aangaan, is bekendheid met die allerjongste ontwikkelings
in die teorie en praktyk van leksikografie nodig.
Die proefskrif bevat nege hoofstukke. Hoofstuk 1 bied die besondere oogmerke, die doel
en die motivering van die studie. Die navorsingsprobleem word in hierdie hoofstuk
afgebaken. Die hoofstuk bevat ook ʼn uiteensetting van die teoretiese model wat die
raamwerk vir hierdie navorsing asook die metodologiese benadering wat ingeneem is,
verskaf. Daarbenewens word die potensiële trefkrag van die studie, die redes vir en die
posisie van die bron- en doeltale asook die sosiolinguistiese situasie van Yilumbu
aangebied.
Hoofstuk 2 bied 'n oorsig van woordeboektipologie met verwysing na die voorgestelde
model. Dit beoog om ʼn tipologiese raamwerk vir die beplande ensiklopediese
woordeboek te bied. Dit stel ook verskeie woordeboektipologieë bekend en kontrasteer
ensiklopediese leksikografie en algemene leksikografie. Die hoofstuk skets die tipologiese profiel van die beplande ensiklopediese woordeboek vir Yilumbu voordat dit
spesifieke beginsels van die voorgestelde model vir ʼn ensiklopediese woordeboek skets.
Hoofstuk 3 bied 'n oorsig oor die ensiklopediese leksikografie in Gaboen. Dit stel die
begrip ensiklopediese leksikografie aan die orde. Daarna verskaf dit ʼn literatuuroorsig
van leksikografiese opnames in die Gaboenese tale deur die aanbieding van bestaande
ensiklopediese werke in Gaboen. Die hoofstuk beskryf ook onlangse tendense in
Gaboenese leksikografie ten einde die situasie van ensiklopediese leksikografie in
Gaboenese leksikografiese studies te verduidelik. Laastens word die behoefte aan
navorsing in ensiklopediese leksikografie in die Gaboenese tale onderstreep en spesifieke
voordele van ensiklopediese navorsing vir Yilumbu leksikografie word bekend gestel.
Hoofstuk 4 fokus op die teikengebruikers van die beplande ensiklopediese woordeboek
en die leksikografiese funksies daarvan. Die hoofstuk begin met ʼn algemene oorsig van
teikengebruikers en die aktiwiteit van woordeboeksamestelling. Dit kyk ook na wat
bekend is as teikengebruikers en skets eienskappe van gebruikers. Die leksikografiese
funksies van die beplande ensiklopediese woordeboek word ook in hierdie hoofstuk
beskryf.
Hoofstuk 5 verskaf ʼn omvattende aanbieding van die raamstruktuur van die beplande
ensiklopediese woordeboek van Yilumbu. Meer spesifiek, die hoofstuk verskaf ʼn
definisie van die begrip raamstruktuur en bied die raamstruktuur skematies aan, en belig
die komponente daarvan. Dit skets die hulptekste en die buitetekste van die beplande
woordeboek. Hierdie hoofstuk bevat ook ʼn skets van die voor- en die
agtertekstestrategieë wat vir die Yilumbu- ensiklopediese woordeboekprojek gebruik
word. Die sentrale woordelys kom ook in hierdie hoofstuk aan bod. Laastens doen die
hoofstuk verslag oor die voorgestelde raamstruktuurfunksies.
Hoofstuk 6 fokus op die makrostruktuur van die beplande woordeboek. In hierdie
hoofstuk word eerstens ʼn algemene oorsig van die begrip makrostruktuur gegee. Daarna
bied die hoofstuk die woordeboekbasis en die keuse van die lemmakandidaatlys aan.
Verdere makrostrukturele kwessies word ook beskryf.
In Hoofstuk 7 word verskillende aspekte van die mikrostruktuur bespreek, met die fokus
op ʼn aantal bydraes. Die hoofstuk bied die begrip mikrostruktuur aan soos in Hausmann en Wiegand (1989), en noem die verskillende soorte artikels wat in die mikrostruktuur
ingesluit moet word. Data wat by die mikrostruktuur ingesluit moet word, word ook
aangebied.
Hoofstuk 8 bespreek die gedagte van toegangstruktuur en begrippe wat daarmee verband
hou, naamlik eksterne toegangstruktuur, interne toegangstruktuur en soeksones. Die
doeltreffendheid en sukses van enige woordeboek word onder andere gemeet deur die
toeganklikheid en herwinbaarheid van die gewenste inligting. Die hoofstuk bevat ʼn
oorsig van die begrip toegangstruktuur en betrek ook die eksterne toegangstruktuur.
Verder bied die hoofstuk die interne toegangstruktuur en die kitstoegangstruktuur. Die
mediostruktuur kom uiteindelik aan bod as ʼn wyse om toegang tot data te verkry.
Hoofstuk 9 verskaf ʼn omvattende samevatting van die proefskrif. Hierdie hoofstuk skets
ook die bydrae van die navorsingsbevindings tot leksikografiese navorsing, tot die
opkomende Gaboenese leksikografie en tot die groter bevordering van die Yilumbu-taal.
Dit verskaf gevolgtrekkings en formuleer voorstelle vir verdere navorsing.
11
Al, Balushi Khalid Mohammed. "The use of translation in teaching poetry : a theoretical exploration, with special reference to Oman." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446380.
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Degong, Dang. "Theoretical and experimental diesel engine system studies, with special reference to temperature and altitude derating." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234139.
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Kruger, Johannes Jacob. "State provision of social security : some theoretical, comparative and historical perspectives with reference to South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/69771.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 1992.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Societies are imaginative when setting up non-marl\et responses to deal v1ith insecurity and deprivation. The
result is that there are many different services (such as income support, personal welfare services, education,
health care and housing) catering for the very general objective of providing security. In addition, a variety of
institutions can, and do, provide these services. While the traditional theory of public goods and e::...1ernalities
does not provide clear justification for increased state provision of these services (in contrast to market, family,
community and employer provision), increased state provision and coordination do seem to be a clear trend
both from historical and comparative perspectives. Furthermore, this increased role of the state can be
interpreted as representing a reassignment of the traditional roles of other institutions (noted above) to the state.
The above trend can be rationalized on economic grounds as being the result of the changing nature of
societies which affects the viability of different institutions In the provision of social services. Economic
devt~lopment affects the cost of production of social services by different institutions differently. Taking a more
in depth view of the costs of production, there are grounds to believe that the comparative advantage of the
state in the provision of these_ services grows- a-s economic development takes place. "Nationalization" of the
provision of services providing social security as economic development takes place can thus be seen as a
stylized fact of economic development, and as representing an adjustment which can be efficiency enhancing.
lt is from this perspective that the issue of the affordabiiity of increased social provision in developing countries
should be approached.
The South African experience provides further evidence of the increasing pressures, over time, for greater state
provision of social security. The experience also, how . .:wer, furnishes examples of how in a specific situation
these forces can be obstructed by speciric political institutions and how social policy can fail to adjust to
changing circumstances. This resulted in the current unequal access to social services, the inequality of benefit
levels and the incomplete coverage of risks faced by people in the South African economy.
In spite of the incompleteness of the South African social safety net and the inequality which it reflects, fiscal
and macroeconomic constraints seem to limit the possibilities for eAtending the safety net and for making it
more just These constraints imply, and have resultoo in, the lowering of benefits to the previously privileged _;-(
and an adjustment in the nature of benefits, leading to a focus on lower cost services which offer high rates
of return. Current demands and envisaged changes in the spht?re of social policy, especially those surrounding
a national pension system with universal coverage and G:·.tensive speci31 employm.3nt programmes, however,
indicate the strength of the forces making for increase:d "nationali:ation" of income support and other social
services. How the perceived fiscal constraints can be reconciled with the alleged rationality of a growing role
for the South African state in social provision remains a question. The very general response of this study
needs to be evaluated by looking in more d.:.tail at specific programmes and specific aspects of insecurity.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Samelewings is verbeeldingryk met die daarstelling van nie-markgeorienteerde installings om armoede en 'n
gebrek aan bestaanssekerheid die hoof te bied. Daarom is daar 'n verskeidenheid dienste (soos inkomsteversekering,
persoonlih:e welsynsdienste, gesondheid, onderwys en behuising) om die baie algemene behoefte aan
bestaanssekerheid aan te spreek. Daar is dan ook 'n hele verskeidenheid instellings wat hierdie dienste
voorsien, en kan voorsien. Alhoewel die tradisionele teorie van publieke goedere en ekstemaliteite nie
voldoende regverdiging vir groeiende staatsvoorsiening van hierdia dlenste (in teenstelllng met verskafflng deur
markte, families, gemeenskappe en werkgewers) daarstel nie, blyk dit dat toenemende staatsvoorslening uit 'n
historiese sowel as vergelykende perspektief 'n duid&like tendens verteenwoordlg. Verder kan die groeiende
rol van die staat in hierdle steer oak gesit:m word .:ts die gevolg van die hertoewysing van tradisionele rolle van
ander instellings (soos hierbo genoem) aan die staat.
Hierdie tend ens kan op ekonomiese gronde gerasionaliseer word as die gevolg van die veranderende aard van
samelewlngs wat die ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid van instellings in die voorsiening van sosiale dienste
beinvloed. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling affekteer verskillende instellings, en daarom die produksiekoste van sosiale
dienste deur die instellings voorsien, op uiteenlopende maniere. lndien 'n bree konsep van produksiekoste
gebruik word is dit moontlik am te argumenteer dat die ataat se vergelykende voordeel in die voorsiening van
hierdie dienste toeneem soos 'n land ekonomies ontwikkel. "Nasionalisering" van die dienste wat sosiale
sekuriteit daarstel kan dan gesien word as een van die basiese neigings wat met ekonomiese ontwikkeling
geassosieer kan word. sowel as 'n aanpassing wat ekonomiese doeltreffendheid verbeter. Hierdle perspektief
Is die gewensde een wanneer die kwessie van die bekostigbaarheid van toenemende sosiale voorsiening in
ontwikkelende lande aangespreek word.
Die Suid-Afrih:aanse ondervlnding in hierdie verband verskaf verdere getuienis van toenemende kragte, oar tyd,
wat groeiende staatsvoorsiening van sosiale sekuriteit (sekerheid) In die hand werk. Die ondervinding voorsien
egter oak voorbeelde van hoe hierdie kragte deur spesifleke politieke instellings omvorm kan word en hoe
sosiale beleid 1\an agterbly by veranderende omstandighode. Hierdie faktore het aanleiding gegee tot die
huidige ongelyke toegang tot sosiale dienste, ongelyke voordele en onvoldoende dekking teen die rlsiko's wat
die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie inhou.
Ten spyte van die tekortkominge van die Suid-Afrik3.anse stelsel van bestaansbeveiliging en die ongelyh:heid
daarin gereflehteer, kom dit voor asof fiskale en makro-ekonomiese beperkinge die moontlikhede am die stelsel
te omvorm streng beperk: Hierdie beperkinge impliseer, en het aanleiding gegee tot, 'n verlaging van die
voordele van die bevoorregte groepe en 'n aanpassing van die aard van voordele, veral in die rigting van
goedkoper dienste met steeds hoe opbrengskoerse. Huidige eise en voorsit3ne veranderinge in die sfeer van
sosiale beleid. veral ten opsigte van 'n univo3rsele sto::l3o:.l van 3osiale pensioene en spesiale werkskeppingsprogramme,
dui egter op die sterkte van die kragte wat to8n8m-:mde "nasionalisering" van sosiale dienste
in die hand werk. Hoe die klaarblyklike fish:ale bepalings ta versoen is met die beweerde rasionaliteit van 'n
grater rol vir die Suid-Afrikaanse staat in sosiale voorsiening bly 'n vraag. Dit is nodig am die bree perspektief
van hierdie studie te evalueer deur in meer detail te kyh: na spesifiek programme en spesifleke oorsah:e van
'n gebrek aan bestaanssekerheid.
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Brighton, Shane Benjamin. "The subject of intervention : a theoretical analysis with reference to international relations after the Cold War." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-subject-of-intervention--a-theoretical-analysis-with-reference-to-international-relations-after-the-cold-war(39fc73a6-c810-4b1a-82d8-7b79cfd2fe4e).html.
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Purkhardt, S. Caroline. "Social representations and social psychology : a theoretical critique with reference to the psychology of groups 1960s-1980s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1155/.
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For the past fifty years social psychologists have attempted to understand inherently social phenomena within an individualistic and static conceptual framework afforded by the Cartesian paradigm. In contrast, contemporary traditions of social psychology, especially in Europe, reflect the cultural and evolutionary principles of the Hegelian paradigm. According to this approach, social phenomena are constructed through the coordinated activities of inherently social individuals in relationship both with each other and with their cultural and physical environments. I use this perspective to develop Moscovici's theory of social representations and our understanding of the dynamics and transformation of social knowledge. Drawing on recent developments in both the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge I reject Moscovici's distinction between the reified universe of science, which, he claims, is devoid of social representations, and the consensual universe of common-sense, which is impregnated with them. A programme of historical research is reported in which I trace the evolution and diffusion of Tajfel's theory of intergroup relations and the emergence of a social dimension in the social psychology of groups. This study demonstrates the dynamics by which scientific knowledge is transformed. These dynamics involve the social processes of interaction and communication and are characterized both by a delicate balance between tradition and innovation, and by an interdependence among individual scientists, the community of scientists to which they belong and the wider society in which the community is embedded. The thesis as a whole has important implications for understanding the processes of science and for the conduct of research in the social sciences.
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Fribourg, Johan. "Experimental and theoretical investigations into the streaming potential phenomenon with special reference to applicatoins in glaciated terrain /." Online version, 1996. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/21980.
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Holman, Emily. "Literature, language, and the human : a theoretical enquiry, with special reference to the work of F.R. Leavis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d15ba97-9809-42ab-a873-4c33bf1bb555.
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This thesis proposes a theory of literature's human relevance in literary terms, developing hints in the critical practice of twentieth century literary critic F.R. Leavis. It examines how literary texts can be humanly relevant in a manner that depends on their literary merit, and does so in three stages, interrogating: the way literary texts operate; the role literary language plays in thinking; and the interaction of literature and morality. The thesis has two, related, aims: to reconceptualise literature's relation to human living, and to offer a recharacterisation of Leavis's literary criticism, with the investigation of aspects of Leavis's practice forming part of the more fundamental enquiry regarding the nature of literature's human significance. In the first stage, the thesis argues that Leavis's critical practice in his works of the 1930s (his first major decade of critical output) provides fruitful ways for conceptualising the interaction between form and meaning in literature, with important consequences for present-day understandings of how literature functions and how it matters. It focuses on an untheorised (by him or others) achievement in Leavis's criticism, the introduction of the term 'attitude' into literary analysis and judgement, and argues that the term enables a different mode of attention to the question of how literature relates to the human world. The second stage first interrogates the role that language in general plays in understanding, constructing a hypothesis from arguments by philosophers R.G. Collingwood and Charles Taylor, and then turns to literary language, arguing that it enables a mode of relating to experience not otherwise possible, and forms a process of thinking, for reader and writer alike. The final stage focuses on arguments in aesthetics against literature's cognitive value, and in moral philosophy for its empathic and moral value. Building on earlier arguments about the operation of literary language and language's relation to thought, the thesis claims that literary language is humanly meaningful in a way that is both cognitively and morally significant. Throughout, the thesis argues for the inescapable link between well-written literature and the morally resonant, such that good literature forms what Taylor calls 'moral sources'. The crucial query is how literature functions, which will help us better to answer why it is humanly important. This thesis engages with literary criticism, philosophical aesthetics and moral philosophy, as well as offering close readings of literature itself.
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Corrywright, Dominic Fraser. "Theoretical and empirical investigations into New Age spiritualities : with special reference to the south west of England." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f1eb3d2d-df73-4e95-bcfe-e4b5c124c1e6.
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Quan, Ke Ming. "An experimental and theoretical study of ultrasound fields with reference to their use in physiotherapy and hyperthermia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602294.
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Chapter 1, an introduction to the use of ultrasound in physiotherapy and in hyperthermia is given. Previous studies in ultrasound physiotherapy and hyperthermia are reviewed but the emphasis is given to those which investigated the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of therapeutic ultrasound and for the efficacy of cell killing of ultrasound hyperthermia. A review of the studies of the non-thermal effects of ultrasound is the subject of Chapter 2. Some recent studies carried out in this field in our laboratory are included. Knowledge of acoustical power, spatial peak and spatial average intensities are central to useful studies of bioeffects and to patient safety in the cases of therapy and clinical hyperthermia. Some techniques for measurements of ultrasound dosimetry which have been employed (and studied) are outlined in Chapter 3. At present the total power output from a therapeutic transducer is often derived by measuring the radiation force of the ultrasonic beam exerting on either a total absorber or a total reflector suspended at 45 to vertical. In Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, I discuss some new problems of these techniques and the magnitude of errors which might be caused. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 present the results of theoretical studies of the field distri-butions from a plane circular piston transducer under both progressive and standing wave conditions. The effect of wave diffraction on the field distribution, bulk streaming and mea-surement of radiation force using a plane reflector is discussed. The ratio of the spatial peak to spatial average intensity for plane circular transducers in a progressive field is theoretic-cally calculated and compared with experimental results. The question of how to define the standing wave ratio is considered by taking into account of the effect of wave diffraction. Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 concern the thermal distributions generated by ultrasound in tissues. An experimental study of the temperature distributions in tissue/bone phantoms induced by therapeutic ultrasound using infra-red technique is described in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9 the thermal patterns generated by a plane circular transducer in a 3-D tissue model were calculated and they were compared with the experimental results described in the previous chapter. The thermal distributions generated by an applicator consisting of five divergent transducers were simulated in the same tissue model. Possible advantages of using such an applicator for ultrasound therapy and for treating large superficial tumours are discussed.
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MacKay, Rowan Rachel. "Legitimation by multimodal means : a theoretical and analytical enquiry with specific reference to American political spot advertisements." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9716.
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What is ‘legitimacy’? Is legitimation possible through non-linguistic modes? These are the key theoretical questions with which this study is concerned. It explores them in conjunction with an analysis of American political spot advertisements. These ads are situated at the nexus between legitimation and multimodality, and their relevance to contemporary politics on the world stage is reflected in the immense financial and skilled resources which have been — and continue to be — devoted to them. A historical perspective into legitimation, multimodality and the attendant concepts of rationality and irrationality is given, followed by a discussion challenging the assumed rational role accorded to language. So challenged, the discussion moves to looking at the pairing of multimodality and politics; first from a historical viewpoint, and then from a more contemporary one. The role of myth, in the form of the American Dream, is investigated, leading to discussion of political appropriation, branding, tangibility, affordances and the (im)possibility of restricting interpretation. Spot ads are analysed with a specific focus: first on modal salience, and secondly on how the semiotic richness of the concept of nature is exploited for purposes of legitimation.
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Custódio, Pollyana Ágata Gomes da Rocha [UNESP]. "As bases teóricas expressas nas teses dos programas de pós-graduação em ciência da informação no Brasil: uma análise cientométrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154015.
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-28<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a dinâmica de pesquisa expressa por meio das teses nos programas de pós-graduação consolidados em Ciência da Informação no Brasil defendidas no período de 2007 a 2016. Como objetivos específicos constitui o corpus de citações por programa, categoriza as linhas de pesquisa por programas, analisa os referentes teóricos mais citados por instituição e no conjunto de instituições, identifica a frente de pesquisa desses programas e as tendências por núcleo de pesquisadores, temáticas, áreas interfaces, distribuição geográfica e analisa os referentes teóricos comuns nas teses dos programas de pós-graduação por meio do acoplamento bibliográfico. Adota como pressuposto que a Ciência da Informação, como área de conhecimento incipiente, tem como interesse investigar o conhecimento da sua própria área e refletir sobre seu campo. Identifica 23 programas de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação no Brasil, dos quais analisa as cinco instituições representadas pelos programas de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/Marília), Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT), com convênio à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Analisa o conjunto de referências presentes nas cinco instituições, considerando como universo de pesquisa as teses. Adota procedimentos cientométricos e bibliométricos, especialmente os estudos de citações e a análise relacional de citações, por permitirem conhecer os pesquisadores mais influentes e mostrarem as inter-relações evidenciadas na área. A partir dos dados analisa as configurações da pesquisa científica socialmente construída e sua dinâmica na área. Desenvolve estudos que mapeiam o campo científico em associação com análises epistemológicas, críticas e históricas, a fim de compreender o universo estudado de forma mais plena e aprofundada. Considera que autocrítica da prática de citações contribui para aperfeiçoar a qualidade da pesquisa e do campo de conhecimento.<br>This research aims to understand the dynamics of research expressed through theses in the postgraduate programs consolidated in Information Science in Brazil defended in the period from 2007 to 2016. As specific objectives it constitutes the corpus of citations by program, categorizes the lines of research by programs, analyzes the theoretical referents most cited by institution and in the set of institutions, identifies the research front of these programs and the trends by nucleus of researchers, thematic, interfaces areas, geographical distribution and analyzes the common theoretical references in the theses to postgraduate programs through the bibliographic coupling. It adopts as a presupposition that the Information Science, as an area of incipient knowledge, has as interest to investigate the knowledge of its own area and reflect on its field. It identifies 23 postgraduate programs in Information Science in Brazil, which analyzes the five institutions represented by the Information Science programs of the University of São Paulo (USP), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), University of Brasília (UnB), Paulista State University (UNESP/Marília), Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), agreement with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Fluminense Federal University (UFF). It analyzes the set of references present in the five institutions, considering as a research universe the doctoral theses. It adopts scientometrics and bibliometrics procedures, especially the citation studies and the relational analysis of citations, since they allow to know the most influential researchers and to show the interrelations evidenced in the area. From the data analyzes the configurations of socially constructed scientific research and its dynamics in the area. It develops studies that map the scientific field in association with epistemological, critical and historical analyzes, in order to understand the studied universe in a fuller and deeper way. It considers that self-criticism of the practice of citations helps to improve the quality of research and the field of knowledge.
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Aktug, Irem. "Algorithmic Verification Techniques for Mobile Code." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4897.
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Nanno, Edward. "The literary-theoretical influences on the thought of Hans Frei and Paul Ricoeur, with reference to narrative identity." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1991.
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This thesis analyses those differences In interpretation which occur when separate literary-theoretical approaches are applied to biblical texts. Hans Frei suggests that the biblical texts describe the world in a way which he calls "realistic narrative". Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic recognises the disclosive power of the text and translates the subject matter of the text into a "way-of- being-in-the-world". Thus, the primary identity disclosed by the biblical narratives differs. For Frei, it is the identity of Jesus which is disclosed; for Ricoeur, it is "our common human Christian identity". These two thinkers have usually been compared theologically. However, I contend that the theological investigations of both Frei and Ricoeur have been influenced by the literary approaches which guide their theological work. I give an exposition of this relationship in chapter one. In chapter two, I sketch out the implications of this relationship, focusing on the issue of narrative identity. In the final chapter, critiques of both systems are investigated as I attempt to deal with the force of these objections. This dissertation investigates Frei's and Ricoeur's construals of narrative identity (as constructed through the reading of Biblical texts). My working hypothesis is that the construals of identity formulated by Frei and Ricoeur rely upon formalist, narrative "interpretations". My thesis contends that in their respective approaches to the notion of narrative identity, neither thinker has completely abandoned his early literary-theoretical roots in his theological proposals.
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Bruton, Roy. "Farewell to democracy in Sarawak : theoretical exploration of socio-cultural transmissions, with reference to change, conflict and contradiction /." Braunton : Merlin books, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35609127k.
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Hsieh, Ming-Chuan. "An investigation of a Bayesian decision-theoretic procedure in the context of mastery tests." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/127.
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Okombo, G. A. "Stereotypes, advertising and social identity : a theoretical study with reference to the university as a space of cultural negotiation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/981.
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This study is an investigation into the stereotypes used in advertisements designed to appeal to university students’ sense of having a social identity, taking the situation at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) as being representative of university campuses as, among other things, social and cultural space. The study assumes that a university is a site of cultural negotiation, and as such may be viewed as a place where identities are formed and readjusted to conform to stereotypes popularised by influential social models as portrayed in the media. Moreover, with the process of globalization, which distributes stereotypical images globally, one would assume that advertising at NMMU functions in a similar way to its mode of functioning in most parts of the world. Although such media (advertisements) exist in various forms, the scope of the research for this study was limited to print advertisements. Advertisements relevant to the concerns of this study are found everywhere at South African universities. Today, the latest trend for companies like Mr. Price, Standard Bank, Truworths, Red Bull, and Axe, among others, is to sponsor university events, that way creating the opportunity to advertise their products or services to students. Moreover, the notice boards of South African universities are filled with posters advertising new products in the market. In addition to all this, the general South African goods and services market is flooded with magazines that contain stereotype-promoting advertisements targeting students or, in general, young adults. For the purposes of this study, a ‘stereotype’ is understood as an iconic site of identification which functions as a generalized model for social behaviour. In this sense, a ‘stereotype’ may also be understood as a representation of an ‘ideal self’. The purpose of this study is threefold: firstly, to show how and why students may be vulnerable to the stereotypes identified in terms of Lacan’s theory of the ‘mirror stage’; secondly, to identify and categorize the various stereotypes used in advertising to appeal to the student’s sense of social identity, and thirdly, to show that advertisements can be misleading in so far as stereotyping ignores the specificity of every student’s personal social situation and creates false expectations on the part of the target students.
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Haho, A. (Annu). "Hoitamisen olemus:hoitotyön historiasta, teoriasta ja tulkinnasta hoitamista kuvaviin teoreettisiin väittämiin." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282590.
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Abstract The present study investigates phenomena of caring from the point of view of nursing work in the Western society, approaching the topic from historical and theoretical frames of reference. The historical frame of reference is an entity where descriptions of the concepts and phenomena of nursing, nursing ethics and caring are explored from the point of view of hermeneutic interpretation of history. Data from an earlier period include publications, text books and research papers from the years 1903–1938 on nursing in Finland, nursing ethics and caring and also material on the life work of Ms. Naima Kurvinen (1876–1933), matron at the Oulu Province Hospital. Data from a later period consist of articles, literary work and research papers on nursing work, nursing ethics and caring from the years 1979–2004. The theoretical frame of reference will here be approached from the points of view of phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics. The data include philosophical literature on phenomenology, philosophical hermeneutics, and the essence, ethics and knowledge of humanity. Heidegger's philosophy of the mind of being proved to be a central theory in interpreting the phenomenon of caring. Morality, autonomy and universality were the three theoretical statements of caring found in the study. Central characteristics describing the moral essence of caring were grouped under four theses as follows: 1. Moral statements describing caring are normative, i.e. they contain moral principles which guide our actions. The good of another individual emerged as the expressed function of caring. 2. Some values, such as humaneness, dignity, health, and well-being can intuitively be named as the good within caring. 3. The act of caring is to place oneself to take care of another person. This is based on freedom, authentic presence and ability to assume another person's preferences. The combination of these qualities describes altruism within caring. 4. The humane essence of man and interaction with others include ethical meanings of caring. Caring is action that protects, maintains and enriches life and involves hope. The autonomous nature of caring is here described with the following three theses: 1. The autonomy of caring signifies the nurse's independence and the special nature of the context. Knowledge and the ability to place oneself to take care of another person are essential prerequisites. 2. The practical knowledge of caring is ethical in nature. 3. Prerequisites explaining caring, such as ethicality, knowledge, and awareness and meanings of nursing describe the phenomenological features of caring, making the act of caring an autonomous one. The following two theses are used to argue for the universal essence of nursing: 1. Our humane and historical qualities are part of universally recognized humane values. Concern represents the manner of being within caring, describes meanings and values given to it and, finally, attaches one's awareness to the real world. 2. The moral of caring is universal in nature<br>Tiivistelmä Tarkastelen tässä tutkimuksessa hoitamisen ilmiötä länsimaisen hoitotyön näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen lähestymistavaksi valitsin historiallisen ja teoreettisen viitekehyksen. Historiallinen viitekehys on kokonaisuus, jossa hoitotyön, hoitoetiikan ja hoitamisen käsitteiden ja ilmiöiden kuvaukset muodostavat historiallisen aineiston, jota tarkastelen hermeneuttisen historiantulkinnan näkökulmasta. Varhaisempi aineisto sisältää suomalaista hoitotyötä, hoitoetiikkaa ja hoitamista käsitteleviä julkaisuja, oppikirjoja ja dokumentteja vuosilta 1903–1938 sekä Oulun lääninsairaalan ylihoitajatar Naima Kurvisen (1876–1933) elämäntyöhön liittyvän aineiston. Myöhäisempi aineisto koostuu hoitotyötä, hoitoetiikkaa ja hoitamista käsittelevistä artikkeleista, teoksista ja tutkimuksista vuosilta 1979–2004. Historiallinen viitekehys on opastanut minua hoitamisen alkuperäistä luonnetta esittävien kysymysten etsimisessä, tutkimuskohdetta kuvaavan aineiston löytämisessä ja sen hedelmällisessä tulkitsemisessa. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen tarkastelunäkökulmiksi valitsin fenomenologian ja filosofisen hermeneutiikan. Aineisto sisältää fenomenologiaa ja filosofista hermeneutiikkaa sekä ihmisyyden olemusta, etiikkaa ja tietoa käsittelevää filosofista kirjallisuutta. Teoreettinen viitekehys mahdollisti tutkimuskulun ymmärtämisen sekä sen esittämisen. Heideggerin olemisen mielen filosofia osoittautui keskeiseksi teoriaksi hoitamisen ilmiön tulkitsemisessa. Hoitamisen ensimmäisen väittämän, moraalisuuden, ominaispiirteet esitän seuraavissa teeseissä: 1. Hoitamista kuvaavat moraalilausumat ovat normatiivisia eli ne sisältävät toimintaa ohjaavia moraaliperiaatteita. Niissä ilmaistu hoitamisen funktio on toisen ihmisen hyvä. 2. Joitakin arvoja voidaan nimetä intuitiivisesti hoitamisen hyvän määritelmiksi. Näitä ovat inhimillisyys, arvokkuus, terveys ja hyvinvointi. 3. Hoitaminen on asettautumista toisen ihmisen hoitamiseen. Asettautumisen perustana on vapaus ja autenttinen läsnäolo sekä kyky toisen preferenssien omaksumiseen. Nämä ominaisuudet yhdessä kuvaavat altruismia hoitamisessa. 4. Ihmisen inhimillinen olemus ja kanssakäyminen toisten ihmisten kanssa sisältävät hoitamisen eettisyyden merkityksiä. Hoitaminen on elämää suojelevaa, ylläpitävää ja rikastavaa sekä toivoa sisältävää. Toisen väittämän, autonomisuuden, olemusta kuvaavat ominaispiirteet esitän seuraavasti: 1. Hoitamisen autonomisuus tarkoittaa hoitajan itsenäisyyttä ja kontekstin erityislaatuisuutta. Tieto ja asettautuminen ovat sen välttämättömiä ehtoja. 2. Hoitamisen praktinen tieto on eettistä. 3. Hoitamista perustelevat ennakkoehdot, kuten eettisyys, tieto ja tiedostaminen sekä hoitamisen merkitykset, kuvaavat hoitamisen fenomenologisia ominaisuuksia. Nämä tekevät hoitamisesta autonomisen. Hoitamisen universaalia olemusta perustelen kahden teesin avulla: 1. Ihmisen inhimilliset ja historialliset ominaisuudet kuuluvat yleismaailmallisesti esiintyviin humaanisiin arvoihin. Huoli ilmentää hoitamisen olemisen tapaa, kuvaa sille annettuja merkityksiä ja arvoja sekä kiinnittää tietoisuuden reaaliseen maailmaan. 2. Hoitamisen moraalin luonne on yleinen
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Nkomo, Dion. "Towards a theoretical model for LSP lexicography in Ndebele with special reference to a dictionary of linguistic and literary terms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1954.
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Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>This thesis discusses pertinent issues which should be taken into account in the production of
LSP dictionaries in Ndebele. Special reference is made to a prospective Ndebele Linguistic
and Literary Terms Dictionary, henceforth the NLLTD. The issues discussed include
lexicographic planning, data collection, data processing, lemma selection, the provision of
data categories and the utilisation of dictionary structures. The thesis demonstrates and
emphasises the need for theoretical guidance in the execution of all lexicographic tasks. Two
main theories are used to formulate a theoretical framework for this study. A general theory
of lexicography developed by Herbert Ernst Wiegand is used to affirm the status of
lexicography as separate from linguistics and other fields from which it draws theoretical and
methodological insights. Lexicography is, according to Wiegand (1984), a scientific field
concerned with the production of reference works on language. As a typical reference
product, a dictionary is regarded as a utility tool with a genuine purpose. These two
postulates of the general theory of lexicography enable lexicographers to carry out their tasks
in a systematic and efficient way. The postulates are emphasised in the theory of
lexicographic functions, which was developed by Danish lexicographers of the Aarhus School
of Business, mainly under the direction of Henning Bergenholtz and Sven Tarp. Because of
this, the theories are employed in a complementary way. Since lexicography is regarded by
these theories as a separate discipline, it follows that the production of user-friendly
dictionaries may not be guided exclusively by linguistic theories or other theories developed
in disciplines with which lexicography comes into contact. It is important to reiterate this
regarding terminological theories and special subject field theories in the case of LSP
lexicography. The theory of lexicographic functions requires lexicographers to identify the
target users of their dictionaries, and the situations in which the users may experience
problems that may be addressed by means of lexicographic data. It determines dictionary
typological choices, lemma selection policies, the provision of lexicographic data for
individual lemmata, and the planning and utilisation of dictionary structures in a user-friendly
way. The main motivation for the complementary use of the general theory of lexicography
and the theory of lexicographic functions in this thesis was to ensure that efficiency is
achieved on the part of the lexicographer carrying out his/her various lexicographic tasks and
also on the part of the user consulting the final product. Although this is demonstrated in the
thesis using the prospective NLLTD, the criticism of some published dictionaries indicates
that their quality could have been improved if their production occurred under such a strong
theoretical guidance. An attempt is also made to show that similar theoretical applications are
definitely required in the production of LSP dictionaries other than the NLLTD in Ndebele
and other languages.
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Crewe, Louise. "Industrial restructuring in West Yorskshire : some empirical and theoretical developments with particular reference to the textiles-clothing-retail distribution system." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328730.
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Zourdoumis, George. "A theoretical and empirical study of speculative influences in stock market trading, with particular reference to the Athens Stock Exchange." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303454.
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Shafiai, Muhammad Hakimi Bin Mohd. "Islamic Finance for Agricultural Development: Theoretical and Practical Considerations with Special Reference to the Activation of Idle Land in Malaysia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157872.
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Hoelscher, Stefanie Miriam. "The philosophy of the history of religion in Hölderlin's later work, with particular reference to the theoretical essays and to 'Friedensfeier'". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398110.
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Knutsson, Sven. "Thermal properties of bentonite based barriers : theoretical considerations and laboratory tests with special reference to the Buffer Mass Test in Stripa mine." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16883.
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Lounis, Hassane. "Discourse connectives in translation : a relevance-theoretic account with special reference to translation from and into Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26782/.
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The present study investigates how Discourse Connectives are handled in translation. It starts by reviewing available published studies on DCs with a particular focus on how these impacted on the field of translation studies and translation practice. DCs in English are mainly looked at from two different angles as the study shows: coherence/cohesion theory or from a relevance theory perspective. In Arabic, they are mainly grammatical structures. The study provides arguments which explain why looking at these linguistic structures from a relevance theory standpoint provide a better basis for understanding their role and the discourse in which they occur. The aim of the present research is to investigate how Discourse Connectives (DCs)- the structures used to provide the reader/hearer with clues as to what direction the writer/speaker wants them to focus on- are handled in translation. The research attempts to shed light on choices translators make when encountering DCs, and endeavours to put these choices to scrutiny by drawing on relevance theory. Thus, the main hypothesis adopted is that each instance a DCs is utilised, it is assumed that it bears a degree of relevance to the reader/hearer or in other words assist them to a less costly process - in terms of time and mental processing effort - in reaching the intended communication. To provide evidence for this view an empirical investigation was carried out. The corpus studied was published by the American geo- political studies think-tank (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) were selected together with their professionally translated and published versions. An investigation of DCs and their translation was carried out on carefully selected corpora. The basis of this discussion is the application of the Principle of Relevance as suggested by proponents of Relevance Theory in reaching the intended meaning in the source text through contextual effects (knowledge of the world, to use relevance theory proponents terms) and the notion of 'clues7, provided by discourse connectives, which facilitate a successful rendering.
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Saiti, Anna. "Theoretical and empirical analysis and discussion of the administrative and economic pattern of investment in education with particular reference to Greek primary education." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5717.
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This thesis is concerned with an examination of the administrative system and economic pattern of investment in regard to primary education in Greece. Greek public education, fully supported and controlled by the State, is organised vertically into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. In the field of primary education the role of schools is to help pupils obtain essential knowledge which will gradually enable them to develop critical thinking skills. To this end the primary school should be effective. A school can be considered effective when it facilitates accomplishments of objectives such as more and better provision of knowledge for pupils and a minimum of undesirable financial consequences. Efficiency of a school organisation, however, is not an automatic but depends upon various factors (e.g. methods of work, the quality of teaching staff, appropriate financial provision) among them effective administration, in order to provide a comprehensive service. Despite the importance of school administration and the educational reforms which took place in the last twenty years (e.g. Education Acts No 309/1976, No 1566/85), recent research (OECD, 1995) has shown that the Greek education system operates within a highly centralised, highly bureaucratised politico-administrative system. Overall, it makes of education a closed system not easily amenable to changes and innovation. It is in this context and against this background that the research has been undertaken to investigate the administration of the school system in Greece. The aim of this research is: * To examine the administrative and economic pattern of primary education in order to identify what changes are required to facilitate the improvement of school management as well as to effect well-planned and sufficient investment. With regard to economic planning the thesis includes an analysis of the pattern of spending on primary education in 52 prefectures for the school years 1985- 1994. The dominant variables determining expenditure are identified and certain weakness noted; * To redefine the role of MNERA with a view to improving its organisational structure, policy planning and operational capacity; and * To put into a practical context the centralisation of decision making and the giving of greater authority to primary schools in order to enhance their creativity and freedom of action within centrally set norms.
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Theocharous, Antonis. "A theoretical and empirical framework for the examination of the relationship between political instability and tourism, with special reference to selected Mediterranean destinations." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268565.
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Cruz, Marden Cristian Ferreira. "Interactions and collaborative learning in a virtual learning community of a blended course of degree: an analysis referenced in the theoretical paradigm of cyberculture." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15667.
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nÃo hÃ<br>The contemporary is marked by changes caused by technological innovations which reflect in new ways to live, to communicate, to learn and to teach, through changes caused by advances in the computational area. Societies organize new forms of community, and in the so-called information society, they constituted as a mean of organization and sociability in cyberspace. These new ways of living and communicating also affect the teaching and learning contexts, where the interactions in Virtual Learning Communities (VLC) can be articulated from these new forms of sociability and learning. The present study analyzed the interactions of participants (students and a course instructor) in on line degree course at a Federal University and Collaborative Learning process present in these interactive actions. Some characteristics of these new practices and social experiences were analyzed in the context of educational practices and learning, including relation among students, from theoretical formulations in Cyberculture. The methodology was based on the theoretical tradition of Ethnography. Considering the part of the data collection occured in the cyberspace, called upon the methods of Virtual Ethnography. The analysis of the interactions of the participants in the virtual learning environment indicated the occurrence of a Collaborative Learning Process and the formation of a Virtual Learning Community. It was concluded that, through interactions by computer, were created social links among participants and were developed the sense of belonging in a community. However such occurrences do not corroborate some concepts and practices of Cyberculture which constitute the Virtual Communities in cyberspace, with a view of didactic and pedagogical procedures and objectives and learning which guided interactions in the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).<br>A contemporaneidade à marcada por transformaÃÃes provocadas por inovaÃÃes tecnolÃgicas que se refletem em novas formas de viver, de se comunicar, de aprender e ensinar por meio das mudanÃas geradas por avanÃos na Ãrea computacional. As sociedades organizam novas formas de comunidade e, na denominada Sociedade da InformaÃÃo, estas se constituem como meio de organizaÃÃo e de sociabilidade no ciberespaÃo. Essas novas formas de viver e de se comunicar tambÃm vÃm influenciando os contextos de ensino e de aprendizagem onde as interaÃÃes nas Comunidades Virtuais de Aprendizagem (CVA) podem se articular a partir dessas novas formas de sociabilidade e de aprendizagem. O presente estudo analisou as interaÃÃes de participantes (alunos e tutora) em um curso de licenciatura semipresencial de uma Universidade Federal e o processo de Aprendizagem Colaborativa presente nestas aÃÃes de interaÃÃo. Foram analisadas caracterÃsticas destas novas prÃticas e vivÃncias sociais no contexto das prÃticas educativas e no aprendizado, incluindo as relaÃÃes entre os estudantes, a partir de pressupostos teÃricos da Cibercultura. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na tradiÃÃo teÃrica da Etnografia. Tendo-se em vista que parte da coleta de dados ocorreu no ciberespaÃo, recorreu-se aos mÃtodos da Etnografia Virtual. A anÃlise das interaÃÃes dos participantes no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem indicou a ocorrÃncia de um processo de Aprendizagem Colaborativa e a formaÃÃo de uma Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem. Conclui-se que, atravÃs das interaÃÃes mediadas por computador, foram criados laÃos sociais entre os participantes e desenvolveu-se o sentimento de pertencimento a uma comunidade. Entretanto tais ocorrÃncias nÃo corroboram alguns conceitos e prÃticas da cibercultura que constituem as Comunidades Virtuais no ciberespaÃo, tendo-se em vista os procedimentos didÃtico-pedagÃgicos e os objetivos e aprendizagem que nortearam as interaÃÃes no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA).
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Sears, John Steven. "Minimalistic Descriptions of Nondynamical Electron Correlation: From Bond-Breaking to Transition-Metal Catalysis." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19807.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: C. David Sherrill; Committee Member: Jean-Luc Bredas; Committee Member: Mostafa El-Sayed; Committee Member: Peter J. Ludovice; Committee Member: Thomas Orlando.
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Walker, Paul Martin. "Foreign investment : a historical, theoretical and empirical analysis for the cases of the UK, the FRG and Japan with particular reference to manufacturing direct investment." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29402793.html.
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Isaac, Eugene Nicholas. "A critical-theoretic study of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission : with reference to the work of Jurgen Habermas." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/589/.
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By using the work of Jurgen Habermas as my central focus the objective of this thesis was to judge whether the ideas that he has formulated in different bodies of work illuminate the problems and prospects for sustained democratic development in a country that has been affected by the impact of a series of cumulative civilizing offensives.I argue that the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission(TRC) must be judged in relation to the outcomes that its commissioners attempted to promote. Following a reading of the works of Habermas I argue that it possible to specify the outcomes that would make it possible for the leaders of a new state to settle their accounts with the violations of the past by paying the fullest settlement of damages. Through the use of a case study methodology I was able to step outside of the realms of pure theory by establishing how some of Habermass ideas do enable us to acquire an understanding of the outcomes that the TRC was and was not able to influence. I use the ideas of Habermas in a critical way in order to judge the consequences of successive truth-telling hearings and the settings in which they were constituted. My methodology was also theoretic in so far as my goal was to establish whether it was possible to identify a characteristic or trait that differentiates a positive and/or a full settlement of damages from a negative and/or an empty settlement of damages. My analysis has demonstrated that the TRC was not able to establish an authoritative record of the perpetrators who committed violations during the mandate period. Therefore, the judgement that successive truth-telling processes made a decisive contribution to the revision of the country's political culture needs to be revised.
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Perkins, Ernest Henry. "The theoretical basis for the modelling of chemical reactions in rock-water systems with specific reference to the heat flow, fluid flow and solute transport laws." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27183.
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In order to understand the processes involved in water and steam floods during secondary and enhanced oil recover, waste disposal, in-situ mining and leaching, or many different types of geological phenomenona, the chemical interactions between the fluid and the surrounding minerals must be known as a function of pressure, temperature and composition. These systems are generally open systems, thus the changes in pressure, temperature and bulk composition are coupled to the chemical reactions occurring throughout the entire system and cannot be independently specified.
Based on the equations of mass action and mass balance, further equations have been derived which allow chemical reactions between a fluid and solid phases to be evaluated. The equations are based on the derivatives of the mass action and mass balance equations with respect to time, and are used in a series expansion to predict the composition of the fluid and the solid phases at future times. The equations are coupled to those constraining pressure, temperature and mass flux-which have been modified to allow this coupling. Because of various limitations on many of the equations used, only a single fluid in porous media can be modelled. A computer program has been written to test the equations and concepts developed in this thesis.
The results allow the following generalization for natural flow systems with decreasing pressure and temperature along the flow path to be made. Excluding systems with sufficient mechanical energy to create new flow paths and excluding all phases which exhibit decreasing solubility with increasing temperature or with decreasing pressure, every natural flow system which attempts to maintain equilibrium between the fluid and solid phases in contact with the fluid will ultimately seal itself.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of<br>Graduate
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Demetis, Dionysios S. "A systems theoretical approach for anti-money laundering informed by a case study in a Greek financial institution : self-reference, AML, its systematic constitution and technological consequences." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2571/.
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This dissertation constitutes a systems theoretical analysis of Anti-Money Laundering that dismisses the projected ideals of holism and delves into the core of Systems Theory (ST) in the tradition of second-order cybernetics. This theoretical approach of ST is appropriated in order to describe the domain of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) as a system in itself and at the same time examine the consequences that technology comes to play within the system of AML. While the contemporary phenomenon of AML has been reduced mostly into a set of technological consequences from profiling technologies (technologies that attempt within financial institutions to model and simulate money-laundering behaviour for the generation of suspicious transactions), this dissertation takes a different approach. Instead of focusing at profiling technologies that are believed to be the core technological artefacts that influence AML within financial institutions, this dissertation examines a variety of information systems and their interplay and describes through empirical findings the multitude of interactions that are technologically supported and that construct a much more complex picture of dealing with AML and thereby influencing how money-laundering is perceived. The empirical findings supporting the theoretical treatise come from a longitudinal case study of a Greek financial institution where a systematic examination takes place regarding a variety of information systems that may affect AML within the bank. Beyond isolated interferences of information systems to AML, their interrelations are further examined in order to reflect on the emergent complexity that often distorts cause-and-effect AML manipulations. The theoretical contributions put forward, constitute a systems theoretical application and an expansion of technological/systemic interferences, while the practical contributions to AML cover broader systems-theoretical reflections on the domain, technological integration within financial institutions for targeting ML, feedback relations between financial institutions and Financial Intelligence Units, as well as the systemic consequences for the newly implemented risk-based approach.
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Peng, Ito. "Boshi Katei a theoretical and case analysis of Japanese lone mothers and their relationship to the state, the labour market, and the family, with reference to Britain and Canada /." Thesis, Online version, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.390358.
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MacLaren, Gordon. "Ethical decision making in the National Health Service : a theoretical analysis of clinical negligence with reference to the existential writings of Søren Kierkegaard, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean-Paul Sartre." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8e8fd67e-e395-4237-8de2-f5a78737f33a.
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Jean Paul Sartre proposed that: Historical situations vary…What does not vary is the necessity for him to exist in the world, to be at work there, to be there in the midst of other people, and to be mortal there. The limits are neither subjective nor objective, or rather, they have an objective and a subjective side. Objective because they are to be found everywhere and are recognizable everywhere; subjective because they are lived and are nothing if man does not live them, that is, freely determine his existence with reference to them (Sartre 1987: 38, 39). The Existential philosophy as outlined by Sartre, Levinas, and Kierkegaard cares about the lived experiences of individuals. Such a view is in contradistinction to other philosophical views which have a tendency to reduce human experience, or to lose the individual in abstraction. This thesis has a central concern for the ethical care of patients in the National Health Service. In order to explore the concrete experiences of patients it is necessary to consider the care providers. To that end, the individual health professional then becomes the focus of study. To assist in this approach a double narrative runs through the thesis, which comprises exploring ethical decision making in the NHS, and also on the legal concept of clinical negligence. These two concepts are intertwined in that legal hearings and rulings have a normative influence upon health care practice, and also influence public expectations. The explicit purpose of this approach was to ensure that the theory was explored and developed; grounded upon everyday clinical NHS practice, which includes legal and political influences. The first four chapters of the thesis constructs the three main areas of analysis; Philosophical, legal, and political. With this framework established, the critical analysis of five legal cases of clinical negligence (Chapters Five and Six), establishes convergences in the work of Sartre, Levinas, and Kierkegaard in relation to the subject, freedom and the ethical. The Kierkegaardian concept of kinesis is applied to explore the transition from possibility to actuality in ethical action. During this process a range of dynamics are identified in creating the concept as best described by Levinas as totalisation . Where previously the argument was located at the individual (subject) and organisational (system) level, in Chapter Seven it moves outwards to consider how the authentic individual can create a civil society. Given the recalcitrant barriers identified in the analysis, Chapter Eight considers existentialism as a theory of community and as contributing to epistemology. Together these theories are proposed as addressing the real needs of individuals, by promoting their freedom, and achieving unity in diversity. The recommendations in Chapter Nine are based upon the interplay of two main dialectics uncovered in the body of the thesis concerning ethics and epistemology. Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue ethics were found to all contribute towards professional conduct. However, they were found to be insufficient because they reduce patients and health professionals’ existence to the same as everyone else. Further, Virtue ethics reverses the way in which ethical behaviour is evaluated in comparison to the other two main normative theories. That is, behaviour is evaluated against the virtue being foundational, as opposed to the act performed. However, there is no discussion on how the individual health professional would decide which approach to use. All three approaches then lack a crucial factor which is the existential dimension. Existential ethics is then presented as a possible approach to facilitate the development (kinesis) of health professionals to the ethical sphere of care. Existential ethics emphasises the pre-theoretical aspect in caring for patients. That is, it appreciates the individual and their difference, prior to any conceptualization which has the potential to reduce individual difference to sameness. From this perspective recommendations are outlined for facilitating individuals to develop the ethical aspect of care, for health care pedagogy, and for leadership within the NHS.
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Tsutsumi, M. "The poetics of everyday objects : a theoretical and practical investigation into the materiality and embodiment of meaning in designed objects, with special reference to furniture and product design practice after 1988." Thesis, Kingston University, 2007. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20223/.
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This practice-based PhD thesis begins with a question prompted by a noticeable shift, both visual and conceptual, in design trends observed in the European design industry from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. Did this shift reflect designers' intuitive response to the present conditions of material culture? If so, what could be learnt from their response to it? Using the perspective of a 'reflective practitioner', the ideas and thoughts underpinning design that are manifested in material form as design products are critically investigated. The investigation unravels a problem of design, and of objects, in consumer society. Many of the designers who characterised the period examined were concerned with a mode of production and consumption, where despite the technological progress and increased material wealth, the quality of the relationship between objects and users seemed to be in decline. This investigation locates design in a socia-cultural sphere, as design and its objects have a strong link to the everyday experience of the material environment. The thesis explores the values that were proposed by designers as particularly important as an antidote to the 'problems of objects'. The 'materiality' of functional objects is identified as a key feature observed in design concepts seeking to provide a more meaningful experience of design objects. The investigation then attempts to reveal what is behind this renewed atlention to the 'thing itself. Further investigation into the relationship, or 'tension', between practice and theory, suggests that the theorisatian of design in the proceeding periods has led itself away from objects' materiality. Increasingly, design objects are being produced as signs or representation of ideas. The thesis then explores the 'communicative' and 'performative' capacities of objects that invite users to engage with the objects' physical quality a,nd/or characteristics. Identifying the 'poetic' dimension of everyday experience as a design resource, it further discusses the 'expressive character of material culture'. The practice element of this research offers a bridge between multiple forms of thought process and analysis: in terms of objects, images and drawings, and words. Contextualisation of the practice, and a critical analysis of what is inherent in the practice of design and craft, help guide the theoretical part of the critical investigation into contemporary design practice, and the role the 'materiality' plays in design. The knowledge in practice revealed in this research offers a new perspective to understanding material culture, and encourage further exploration of the possibilities of design in creating a more engaging and meaningful user-object relationship.
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Jarjour, M. "A relevance-theoretic account of the translation of ideological assumptions in the language of the news with specific reference to translation from English into Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14916/.
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The aim of this research is to shed light on the application of Relevance theory to the translation of modality between Arabic and English with special reference to the language used in newspaper reports.
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Forward, Jean Lesley. "An investigation into the development of written language in the primary school and the implications of the national literacy strategy, with reference to historical and theoretical approaches to the teaching of English." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397079.
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Weigelt, Karl. "The Signified World : The Problem of Occasionality in Husserl's Phenomenology of Meaning." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Visby : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis ; eddy.se [distributör]:, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7366.
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Costa, Francilene Soares de Medeiros. "Instrumentalidade do servi?o social: dimens?es te?rico-metodol?gica, ?tico-pol?tica e t?cnico-operativa e exerc?cio profissional." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17873.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-22<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>The dissertation proposes a discussion about the instrumentality of the Social Work, in the attempt of visualizing her, as well as the profession, in a totality perspective to the light of the rationality critical-dialetical. Understood as the capacity that the professional subjects acquire of giving answers to the demands that are placed to the profession, itself built partner-historically, in a teleologys conflicts and causalitys. So, it is proposed the discussion of the instrumentality while a group of you know specific, composed essentially by the development of three practical-formative dimensions. The theoretical-methodological refers to the capacity of apprehension of the method and of the theories and, consequently, of the relationship that does with the practice. The dimension ethical-politics concerns the development of the capacity of analyzing the society and the own profession as field of contradictory forces, being considered the character eminently political of the professional exercise, as well as the professional's conscience concerning the social direction that prints in your intervention. And the technician-operative dimension refers more strictly to the technical elements and you score for the development of the intervention. It was looked for to evidence as those dimensions they attend in the professional exercise, starting from the experience lived by the social workers of the Social Attendance Reference Centers, in Natal/RN<br>A disserta??o prop?e uma discuss?o acerca da instrumentalidade do Servi?o Social, na tentativa de visualiz?-la, assim como a profiss?o, numa perspectiva de totalidade ? luz da racionalidade cr?tico-dial?tica. Entendida como a capacidade que os sujeitos profissionais adquirem de dar respostas ?s demandas que se colocam ? profiss?o, constroe-se s?cio-historicamente, num conflito de teleologias e causalidades. Prop?e-se, pois, a discuss?o da instrumentalidade enquanto um conjunto de saberes espec?ficos, composto essencialmente pelo desenvolvimento de tr?s dimens?es pr?tico-formativas. A te?rico-metodol?gica refere-se ? capacidade de apreens?o do m?todo e das teorias e, por conseguinte, da rela??o que faz com a pr?tica. A dimens?o ?tico-pol?tica diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de analisar a sociedade e a pr?pria profiss?o como campo de for?as contradit?rias, considerando-se o car?ter eminentemente pol?tico do exerc?cio profissional, assim como a consci?ncia do profissional acerca da dire??o social que imprime em sua interven??o. E a dimens?o t?cnico-operativa refere-se mais estritamente aos elementos t?cnicos e instrumentais para o desenvolvimento da interven??o. Buscou-se evidenciar como essas dimens?es comparecem no exerc?cio profissional, a partir da experi?ncia vivenciada pelas assistentes sociais dos Centros de Refer?ncia da Assist?ncia Social CRAS, em Natal/RN
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Kawamura, Akihiko. "How a compromise can be reached between theoretical pragmatics and practical lexicography, and, An empirical study towards the better treatment of pragmatics in EFL lexicography: comparing the appreciation of pragmatic failures in Japanese learners of English and English native speakers, and, Pragmatics and lexicography, with particular reference to politeness and Japanese learners of English." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4795/.
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The topic of my three-part thesis is pragmatic information in EFL dictionaries. The thesis started with literature review and theoretical explorations of pragmatic information for EFL dictionaries (Module 1). Based on the findings from this first Module, I approached pragmatics focusing on lexical items and their pragmatic behaviours in context, seeking to collect empirical data for describing pragmatics in EFL and lexicographical contexts (Module 2). However, it is important to raise the question of whether pragmatics and lexicography can ever be made compatible at all, since they have different goals, approaches and methods in dealing with different types of meaning. Their units of descriptions are also different; while dictionaries are in principle concerned with words and phrases, pragmatics deals with utterances and discourses. More importantly, dictionaries are basically concerned with decontextualised meanings, and are expected to set out relatively fixed meanings, perhaps prescriptively, in the form of a dictionary definition or explanation. In contrast, descriptive pragmatics treats meaning in context. In this third module, I will be working towards my conclusion that they are indeed compatible, with particular emphasis on politeness.