Academic literature on the topic 'Théorie de fluctuation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Théorie de fluctuation"
Portier, Franck. "Le rôle des variations de taux de marge dans les fluctuations macroéconomiques conjoncturelles." Articles 71, no. 2 (February 13, 2009): 218–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602175ar.
Full textTrovato, Frank. "Analyse sociodémographique de la fécondité d’après-guerre au Canada, 1947-2011." Articles 45, no. 1 (August 11, 2016): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037272ar.
Full textDostaler, Gilles. "La genèse et l’évolution de la théorie des cycles de Hayek." Articles 77, no. 2 (February 5, 2009): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602350ar.
Full textArtus, Patrick. "Zones cibles, marges de fluctuations réduites : théorie, avantages, crédibilité et difficultés." Revue d'économie financière 4, no. 1 (1994): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1994.5616.
Full textHufty, André. "Fluctuations climatiques récentes au Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 35, no. 1 (January 25, 2011): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000377ar.
Full textPfister, Christian. "Fluctuations climatiques et prix céréaliers en Europe du XVIeau XXeSiècle." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 43, no. 1 (February 1988): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1988.283474.
Full textEschet-Schwarz, André. "La démocratic semi-directe en Suisse: entre la théorie et la réalité: 1879–1987." Canadian Journal of Political Science 22, no. 4 (December 1989): 739–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900020230.
Full textSamson, Lucie. "Chocs sectoriels et chômage." Table ronde sur la persistance du chômage 64, no. 4 (January 28, 2009): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601468ar.
Full textBodo, B. A., and T. E. Unny. "Modèles linéaires stochastiques théoriques pour la réponse des petits bassins." Revue des sciences de l'eau 3, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705069ar.
Full textBrahim, J. Ben, N. Armağan, G. Besson, and C. Tchoubar. "Methode diffractometrique de caracterisation des états d'hydratation des smectites stabilité relative des couches d'eau inserées." Clay Minerals 21, no. 2 (June 1986): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1986.021.2.01.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Théorie de fluctuation"
Attuel, Guillaume. "Aspects critiques des fluctuations d'un plasma magnétisé. Proposition de théorie cinétique stochastique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004936.
Full textVisco, Paolo. "Mécanique statistique hors d'équilibre et fluctuations dans les gaz granulaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162084.
Full textBérut, Antoine. "Fluctuations and Interactions of Brownian particles in multiple Optical Traps." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1003/document.
Full textWe experimentally study the fluctuations of Brownian micro-particles trapped with optical tweezers arranged in various spatial configurations. We give a general description of the set-up and detail four different experiments we conducted. We first use a single particle in a double-well potential to model a two-state memory system. We verify the Landauer principle on the minimal energetic cost to erase one bit of information, and we use a detailed version of a fluctuation theorem to retrieve the expected energetic bound. We then use two particles in two different traps to study the hydrodynamic interactions between two systems kept at different effective temperatures. Contrary to what was previously observed, we show that the sol-gel transition of gelatine does not provide any anomalous fluctuations for the trapped particle when the sample is quenched below gelification temperature. However, we show that an effective temperature is created when a well chosen random noise is added on one trap position. We demonstrate that the random forcing on one particle induces an instantaneous correlation between the two particles motions, and an energy exchange from the virtually hot particle to the cold one, which is in equilibrium with the thermal bath. We show a good agreement between the experimental data and the predictions from an hydrodynamic coupling model. Finally, we describe the use of micro-fluidic channels to create a shear flow at the micron size, and we discuss the possibility to interpret the force due to the shear-flow in terms of an effective temperature by testing a fluctuation-dissipation relation
Ivanisevic, Julijana. "Metabolisme secondaire des éponges Homoscleromorpha : diversité et fluctuation de son expression en fonction des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22034.
Full textSecondary metabolism plays a major ecological role in the interactions between the organisms and their environment. An integral study of the organisms’ biology and ecology and the variations of their metabolism is essential for understanding the role of secondary metabolites in the ecosystems. This kind of approach is rare in the marine environment. Small sponge clade Homoscleromorpha constitutes a real potential for the discovery of new species and potentially bioactive molecules. In addition, its dominance in some Mediterranean benthic communities makes it a good model in marine chemical ecology research. This work has started with a description of new species of Oscarella genus, O. balibaloi. This new species forms sometimes, with two other commun Oscarella species, O. tuberculata and O. lobularis, special facies within the coralligenous and semi-dark cave communities. All three Oscarella species are caraterized by a seasonal reproductive cycle with differences in the period of gametogenesis and larval emission as well as the variation in sensitivity facing the changes in thermal regime. Two major lysophospholipid compounds were isolated and caracterized for the first time in O. tuberculata and confirmed in O. lobularis. Their potential role as signal molecules in the reproduction process (embryogenesis and development) was proposed and should be confirmed by experimental studies. One new familly of glycosilated seterterpens (named balibalosides) was found in O. balibaloi. A pluriannual study of species metabolism was performed using three complementary approaches and enabled to test the models of resource allocation to secondary metabolite production. Variation patterns in the expression level of target metabolites, in the metabolic fingerprints and the bioactivities of sponge extracts reflected the significant influence of the reproductive cycle to the secondary metabolite production. Holisitic approaches (métabolomics and bioactivity) pointed out the important modification in the secondary metabolism variation pattern followed by the decrease in bioactivity during the costly period of reproduction (asexual reproduction, embryogenesis and larval development). These results highlight the trade-off in resource allocation between the primary (reproduction) and secondary metabolism and therefore support the Optimal Defense Theory. Metabolomic approach applied to the study of interspecific relations turned out as a good indicator of chemical diversity which allowed the classification of Mediterranean Homoscleromorpha sepcies. The obtained classification was congruent with recent molecular phylogeny results proposing the restauration of two ancient clades within Homoscleromorpha, the Plakinidae, a group of species possesing skeleton and the Oscarellidae, a group of species lacking skeleton. Approaches developed during my thesis opened a numerous perspectives in chemosystematics and marine chemical ecology. The use of metabolic fingerprints can be transposed to other questions in systematics, particularly to demonstrate the existance of cryptic species and to support phylogenetic hypothesis within other problematic clades. [...]
Vanicat, Matthieu. "Approche intégrabiliste des modèles de physique statistique hors d'équilibre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY029/document.
Full textAlthough statistical physics has been very successful to describe physical systems at thermal equilibrium (thanks to the Boltzmann distribution, which reflects the maximization of the entropy, and allows one to construct in a systematic way thermodynamic potentials), it remains elusive to provide an efficient framework to study phenomena that are out-of-equilibrium, i.e displaying non vanishing current of physical quantities (energy, charge, particles...).The goal of the thesis is to describe such systems with very simple models which retain nevertheless their main physical features. The models consist in particles evolving randomly on a one dimensional lattice connected to reservoirs and subject to hard-core repulsion. The challenge lies in computing exactly the stationary state of the model, especially the particle current, its fluctuations and more precisely its large deviation function (which is expected to play the role of an out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic potential).In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure.In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular).Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to $0$ and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles
Joubaud, Sylvain. "Fluctuations dans les systèmes hors équilibre." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0463.
Full textThe results reported in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the fluctuations of out of equilibrium systems. They havve been obtained in two experimental systems. The first system is a harmonic oscillator fluctuating because of the thermal noise. This system is driven out of equilibrium by an external forcing. Two case are sudied : the transient state and the steady state. We measure in this model system work fluctuations, heat fluctuations and total entropy fluctuations. These fluctuationsare studied within the context of Fluctuation Theorem. The results are interpreted by comparing the experimental results with a simple theoretical model. The second part is dedicated to the study of the Fréedericks transition in a nematic liquid crystal which is a second order phase transition. Our experimental setup for the measurment of the order parameter has a very good resolution at low frequency; of the order of millihertz. We study the statiticsof the equillibrium fluctuations when the control parameter is close to its critical value. The distribution is copared to a Generalized Gumbel distribution and the parmeter of this modeling is related to the effective number of degrees of freedom. We finally study this system out of equilibrium. We show that after a quench at the critical point the system present aging properties. Preliminary results are presented
Sohier, Julien. "Phénomènes d'accrochage et théorie des fluctuations." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534716.
Full textDesta, Alemayehu. "Energy Supply and Demand Side Management in Industrial Microgrid Context." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1234/document.
Full textDue to increased energy costs and environmental concerns such as elevated carbon footprints, centralized power generation systems are restructuring themselves to reap benefits of distributed generation in order to meet the ever growing energy demands. Microgrids are considered as a possible solution to deploy distributed generation which includes Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) (e.g., solar, wind, battery, etc). In this thesis, we are interested in addressing energy management challenges in an industrial microgrid where energy loads consist of industrial processes. Our plan of attack is to divide the microgrid energy management into supply and demand sides.In supply side, the challenges include modeling of power generations and smoothing out fluctuations of the DERs. To model power generations, we propose amodel based on service curve concepts of Network Calculus (NC). Using this mathematical tool, we determine a minimum amount of power the DERs can generate and aggregating them will give us total power production in the microgrid. After that, if there is an imbalance between energy supply and demand, we put forward different strategies to minimize energy procurement costs. Based on real power consumption data of an industrial site located in France, significant cost savings can be made by adopting the strategies. In this thesis, we also study how to mitigate the effects of power fluctuations of DERs in conjunction with Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). For this purpose, we propose a Gaussian-based smoothing algorithm and compare it with state-of-the-art smoothing algorithms. We found out that the proposed algorithm uses less battery size for smoothing purposes when compared to other algorithms. To this end, we are also interested in investigating effects of allowable range of fluctuations on battery sizes.In demand side, the aim is to reduce energy costs through Demand Side Management (DSM) approaches such as Demand Response (DR) and Energy Efficiency (EE). As industrial processes are power-hungry consumers, a small power consumption reduction using the DSM approaches could translate into crucial savings. This thesis focuses on DR approach that can leverage time varying electricity prices to move energy demands from peak to off-peak hours. To attain this goal, we rely on a queuing theory-based model to characterize temporal behaviors (arrival and departure of jobs) of a manufacturing system. After defining job arrival and departure processes, an effective utilization function is used to predict workstation’s (or machine’s) behavior in temporal domain that can show its status (working or idle) at any time. Taking the status of every machine in a production line as an input, we also propose a DR scheduling algorithm that adapts power consumption of a production line to available power and production rate constraints. The algorithm is coded using Deterministic Finite State Machine (DFSM) in which state transitions happen by inserting a job (or not inserting) at conveyor input. We provide conditions for existence of feasible schedules and conditions to accept DR requests positively.To verify analytical computations on the queuing part, we have enhanced Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++ (OMNET++) discrete event simulator for fitting it to our needs. We modified various libraries in OMNET++ to add machine and conveyor modules. In this thesis, we also setup a testbed to experiment with a smart DR protocol called Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) that enables energy providers (e.g., utility grid) to ask consumers to reduce their power consumption for a given time. The objective is to explore how to implement our DR scheduling algorithm on top of OpenADR
Vigon, Vincent. "Simplifiez vos Lévy en titillant la factorisation de Wiener-Hopf." INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0002.
Full textMulatier, Clélia de. "A random walk approach to stochastic neutron transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS029/document.
Full textOne of the key goals of nuclear reactor physics is to determine the distribution of the neutron population within a reactor core. This population indeed fluctuates due to the stochastic nature of the interactions of the neutrons with the nuclei of the surrounding medium: scattering, emission of neutrons from fission events and capture by nuclear absorption. Due to these physical mechanisms, the stochastic process performed by neutrons is a branching random walk. For most applications, the neutron population considered is very large, and all physical observables related to its behaviour, such as the heat production due to fissions, are well characterised by their average values. Generally, these mean quantities are governed by the classical neutron transport equation, called linear Boltzmann equation. During my PhD, using tools from branching random walks and anomalous diffusion, I have tackled two aspects of neutron transport that cannot be approached by the linear Boltzmann equation. First, thanks to the Feynman-Kac backward formalism, I have characterised the phenomenon of “neutron clustering” that has been highlighted for low-density configuration of neutrons and results from strong fluctuations in space and time of the neutron population. Then, I focused on several properties of anomalous (non-exponential) transport, that can model neutron transport in strongly heterogeneous and disordered media, such as pebble-bed reactors. One of the novel aspects of this work is that problems are treated in the presence of boundaries. Indeed, even though real systems are finite (confined geometries), most of previously existing results were obtained for infinite systems
Books on the topic "Théorie de fluctuation"
Book chapters on the topic "Théorie de fluctuation"
"L’équilibre thermique et ses fluctuations." In La théorie quantique en images, 25. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1697-2-013.
Full text"L’équilibre thermique et ses fluctuations." In La théorie quantique en images, 25. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1697-2.c013.
Full text"Chapitre 14 Théorème de fluctuation-dissipation." In Physique statistique hors d'équilibre, 415–48. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0148-0-015.
Full text"Chapitre 14 Théorème de fluctuation-dissipation." In Physique statistique hors d'équilibre, 415–48. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0148-0.c015.
Full textDerrida, Bernard, and Éric Brunet. "5 Le mouvement brownien et le théorème de fluctuation-dissipation." In Einstein aujourd'hui, 203–66. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0269-2-006.
Full textDerrida, Bernard, and Éric Brunet. "5 Le mouvement brownien et le théorème de fluctuation-dissipation." In Einstein aujourd'hui, 203–66. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0269-2.c006.
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