Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie des Organisations'
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Nikolova, Radoslava. "Essais en Théorie des Organisations : Incitations et Structure des Organisations." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003401.
Full textAndres, Sébastien. "Contribution à une théorie de l'efficacité des organisations économiques internationales." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10019.
Full textThe International economic organizations (IEO) are institutions which produce rules in keeping with the globalization. The universal cooperation organizations, or the regional ones, make easier emergence of a law in order to improve the international economic order. In the absence of a world legislator, the decreasing of the natural state depends on their efficiency. The evaluation of this efficiency is an important stake in a world economy. The lawyer who would want to contribute to the efficiency of these IEO will swifty meet some obstacles. The efficiency of an institution, or the one of its rules, is not a common notion of the law, it belongs above all the economics. The researcher desirous to evaluate the efficiency of an IEO should first define this term within the context of International law. Then, he will have to find appropriate evaluation models. Thanks to a juridical approach, the notion of efficiency of IEO exceeds the only economic considerations, and reaches institutional matters. Separation of powers and pluralism problematics get more relevant than "game theory" and "Law and economics". From the determination of definitions and models, the evaluation permits to confront theory to reality. The field of research concerns the IEO of cooperation which have the more important impact on globalization. It is a matter of United Nations Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization. About integration organization, the European Union turns out the more appropriate evaluation ground. As a result, several concrete propositions for possibly reforms those aim to strengthen efficiency of each institution are given
Cartier, Jean-Baptiste. "Contribution à la théorie de l'architecture organisationnelle : la SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) comme structure de filialisation." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOE004.
Full textThe Société par Actions Simplifiée (SAS) is a recent form of business organization (1994), which has a very strong contractual dimension and promotes great flexibility in its organization and governance. The theory of organizational architecture (TOA), which stems from the positive theory of agency, is used as basis for the thesis. This theoretical model explains why the SAS form is chosen to incorporate wholly-owned subsidiaries in corporate groups. Under the efficiency principle, this form can be explained by a greater reduction in agency costs than for other form of business organizations. Twenty assumptions were made on the basis of the TOA and the features which explain its superior performance when compared to other forms of business organizations (adaptation, savings in administrative costs, simplification, and decrease in agency costs). An empirical study was conducted, involving 170 general counsels of large corporate groups comprising wholly-owned subsidiaries organized as SASs
Versailles, David. "Apprentissage, organisations et individualisme. Perspectives issues de la théorie de la connaissance." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360801.
Full textChabrak, Nihel. "Etude des politiques comptables dans les organisations : vers une théorie cognitive de l'enaction." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090004.
Full textThe research, in the field of accounting policy, proposes an epistemological and methodological framework to achieve an accounting policy comprehension with regard to the role of accounting in organization, economy and society. Derrida Deconstruction and Frankfurt School critical theory allow to demonstrate the ideological and political nature of the positive accounting theory discourse. Limitations due to economic model prevent from comprehending accounting policy. Through the study of practices holistic and casuistic dimensions, work of actors, considered as psychological and historical structures, acting in an integral and integrated, singular organizational context, hermeneutic phenomenology enables an accounting policy comprehension. Non directive, in-depth and intensive interviews and idiosyncratic cognitive mapping are a hermeneutic phenomenology application. Structural analysis of four cognitive maps realized for five French group accounting managers points out accounting policy definitions diversity and accounting organizational taking root, as it constitutes a measurement, control, managing people and power exercise instrument. Finally, results comparison allows the distinction between accounting choice and policy concepts. Accounting policy results from the structural connecting between managers and their environment, through a natural drift evolution, where the major task is to adapt and not to optimize. This illustrates a new comprehension of accounting policy through enaction cognitive theory
Bencherki, Nicolas. "Avoir ou ne pas être : la constitution possessive de l'organisation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0044.
Full textHow can an organization act? Is it an actor in itself or does it need others to act on its behalf? How is it possible to address these questions without presupposing the organization? I would like to put forward a communicational approach to organizational action. Borrowing from A. J. Greimas’ narratology and from individuation philosophy, I show that the organization – and any ‘social’ being – acts by being attributed actions. Individuation philosophy allows a theory of organizational action derived from the way organizations are constituted. Thus, organizations themselves also play a part in attribution practices, for inasmuch as they exist “more or less and in a certain way”, they call for further actions. Through the imbrication of mandates and of programs of actions, in a logic of appropriation/attribution, the organization can act by always relying on others to do so. There is no need to invoke an essentialist ontology of organization to state that it acts by itself, for there is no opposition between stating that the organization acts and that others act for it. I provide my theoretical discussion with a firm empirical grounding through the study of four different fields. I analyse audio and video recordings from a tenants association, the reform project of a French higher education institution, events from the daily work of a New York skyscraper manager and a meeting between Doctors without border representatives and Congolese health administrators. Given the theoretical nature of my proposal, this variety of empirical data allows me to show the usefulness of those ideas to the study of a large array of situations
Gladysz, Marc. "Communication d'entreprise et identités d'acteurs : pour une théorie discursive des représentations sociales." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10026.
Full textThe purpose of company communication is foten confined to transmitting operative information or employees' motivations. But this prospect is instrumental; it is based on two partial models : the "code" model which confines communication to the linear transmission of a piece of information and is relatively indifferent to the social context of the exchange, and "the paradigm of effects" which links information to the transforming of personal conducts and stems from a narroc behaviourist notion. In both cases, the whole cognitive process of the performer within the language is inderrated. We can talk of a flattening of the symbolic dynamics within the organisation. On the contrary, the model proposed here leads us to put the emphasis on the discourse as a place where social representations are carried out and around which the crurial stakes of communication are structured. Language operates as a mediatory structure, from which not only subjectivities are joined together, but also performers' identities are elaborated. Through three separate corpus (employees' interviews, article form a company publication, minutes from staff committees' meetings) and leaning on the theories of discourse analysis
Jouvet, François. "Approche kunique et théorie des organisations : essai philosophique français sur le thème de l'entreprise." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0045.
Full textTo contemporary cynicism, this thesis opposes the approach of ancient cynicism. It begins with the study of six principles : three dealing with organization (differentiation, integration, optimisation). Then three + creative ; ones (immanence, transcendance, transcendentalism). Together, these principles offer the structure of a classification and interpretation frame for the theories of organization. Upon them is built a critical approach : critical constructivism. Critical constructivism is made up of three different elements : one about theory, the next about ethics, the third one about judgment. Critical constructivism determines three main principles: liberty, equality and fraternity. Its logical consequences conclude in favour of existentialism. Liberty, equality and fraternity, plus existentialism should be enought to justify the subtitle of this work : + a french essay about the theory of the firm
Aragâo, Bastos do Valle Rogerio de. "La théorie de l'agir communicatif en face des apports d'une sociologie comparative des organisations." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H049.
Full textThe thesis considers the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas from the standpoint of technical decision-making. This theory permits a critical analysis of the "social determinism of technology" inherited from H. Marcuse; nevertheless, it assumes that the price of the conditional legitimacy of technology is its assignment to a realm of social interaction where understanding through language is useless. Habermas' "linkage of the action's and system's perspectives" suggests a strategical analysis of industrial organizations, where agents and researchers maintain an "objectifying" attitude. However, this double objectivism is strongly disavowed today by industrial sociologists. Our own research focuses on the robotization of the French, German and Brazilian automobile industries. In all these countries the introduction of microelectronic tools gives rise to an increase in the importance of micro decisions; however, this universal tendency towards participation, which depends on communicative instruments, takes on very different forms according to the social cultural aspects of the country. This diversity in decision-making processes can be explained as the result of different "technical cultures". The ensuing conception leads to a revision of Habermas' interpretation of modernity
Baumard, Philippe. "Organisations déconcertées : les transformations de la connaissance dans la gestion de situations ambiguës." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090034.
Full textLinking firms' cognitive abilities to organizational forms, this ph. D. Dissertation investigates the role of knowledge when organizations face ambiguous situations. After a presentation of "disconcerted" organizations either by natural disasters, or by phenomenon that they themselves socially constructed (chapter i), we focus the literature review on various forms of knowledge including the conscious and unconscious, the tacit and explicit, and the individual and collective forms (chapter ii). Unveiling the richness of tacit knowledge and the wide range of its roles, we use a distinction introduced by Polanyi (1958) between "what we know and we cannot tell" (tacit knowledge) and knowledge we can declare (explicit knowledge). Using a second distinction derived from Durkheimian psychology between individual and social knowledge, we build a 2x2 matrix (Nonaka, 1990). Applying a multiple case studies research design (Miles, Hubermann, 1984) we see how four organizations in France, the USA and Australia, move around the matrix, successively appealing their tacit, individual, tacit collective and explicit-collective knowledge to escape ambiguity. Successful organizations deploy their knowledge on the three bases, switching promptly of knowledge base, in an antithetical process to counterbalance the lack of knowledge respectively in the tacit and explicit dimensions. The dissertation's contributions is a validation of organizational knowledge management as a key to learning and unlearning. Organizations that marry organic knowledge dynamics, and complex organizational dynamics are successful in escaping ambiguity.
Martens, Johannes. "L' évolution des organisations biologiques : vers une théorie unifiée de la coopération et du conflit." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010737.
Full textMoussu, Christophe. "Endettement, accords implicites et capital organisationnel : contribution à l'émergence d'une théorie organisationnelle de la structure financière." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE003.
Full textGallo, Jérome. "Information et pouvoir dans les organisations : un essai de quantification par la théorie des graphes d'influence." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174158.
Full textFinalement sur la base de trois définitions des notions d'organisation, d'information et de pouvoir, élaborées à partir d'une large revue de la littérature en économie des organisations, cette thèse propose des indicateurs permettant de déterminer qui a le pouvoir dans une organisation concrète définie comme une structure d'échanges d'informations.
Gallo, Jérôme. "Information et pouvoir dans les organisations : un essai de quantification par la théorie des graphes d'influence." Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174158.
Full textDetchessahar, Mathieu. "Eléments pour une théorie de l'espace de discussion en situation de gestion : réflexion à partir du cas des entreprises de transport routier de marchandises (1980-1995)." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11028.
Full textLalanne, Jacques. "Concept, mesures et causes de la frustration dans le gouvernement des organisations." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0033.
Full textFrustration is the state of the one who is deprived of a legitimate satisfaction, who is disappointed in their expectations. It may be due the absence of an abject ( a lack of food, water, money ) or the presence ofan inner or outer obstacle, forbidding its access" (N. Sillamy, Bordas, 1983). Frustration appears From the moment that we take an irreversible decision within our reach, in normal conditions, in a competitive environl11ent, and that we come up against an insuperable obstacle that leads is to failure. This frustration will generate conflicts. What arc the causes of these failures? To answer this question, we have analysed the cognitive workings linked to the decision-taking process of, first, the individual player and then the decision-making, economic player. We have put to the fore the presence of certain biases linked to our way of reasoning. This concept is analysed through the financial decisions within the corporate government. We have limited our research to the theories of the institutionalist choice and to the theories of the rational choice. After drawing up an inventory of all these theories, we have shown their limits. No model exists to avoid risks totally, but combining the theory of expected utility, statistical models and decision trees leads us to broaden the scope of our research and become aware of the whole problem we are faced with and , as a result, reduce these biases
Larmande, François. "Contributions à l'analyse économique des organisations." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000978.
Full textCARVALHO, DE VASCONCELOS FLAVIO. "La formation des problématiques dans les organisations : une analyse des structures matricielles." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHEC0056.
Full textThis thesis reviews the origin of systemic complexity concepts in organization theory. It analyses the origins of matrix organizations and uses 3 case studies to propose an explanation of matrix organizations based on the enactment of loosely couped networks of organizational problems
Golik, Mariela. "La perception du climat organisationnel : une analyse des facteurs de contingence." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010079.
Full textDemoures, Gaël. "Etude critique et théorique de l'application des mécanismes du droit de la concurrence du Canada et de l'Union européenne aux brevets technologiques : théorie des organisations." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80915.
Full textPerez, Yves André. "Contribution à une théorie de l'intervention de conseil dans les organisations : une approche de type phénoménologique et constructiviste." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090065.
Full textFaure, Gilles. "La théorie contingente et ses développements systémiques confrontés à la réalité des interventions sur les organisations en France." Lyon 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO33009.
Full textThe main objective of this dissertation is to prove the growing interest to use contingency and systemic approaches to planned organizational change. The first part set up theoretical foundations of our thesis. The second part concern both organizational planned change and the building of a model of diagnosis, design and change. Questionnaire results permit in a third part to establish the nature and typology of consultants driven planned change in france and verify their global and contingency degree. A thorough analysis of five consultants driven change permit us in a fourth part to compare the methodology used with our own methodology and draw a certain number of lessons. This is for example a way to operationalize our model
Legrand, Claude. "Dynamique stratégique des organisations sportives et modes de régulation." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562313.
Full textLabouret, Victor. "Du rôle de la signification du contrôle de gestion dans la performance de l'entreprise : le cas de la signification du budget, trois hypothèses : le budget rationnel, le budget processus, le budget politique." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHEC0085.
Full textNiess, Alexander. "Proposition d'une nouvelle approche pour appréhender l'incitation dans les organisations à travers l'idée du pouvoir-agir." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHEC0002.
Full textMy thesis proposes to show that the current conception of incentives – especially in agency theory – as “will to act” is insufficient because it neglects the “capacity to act” of persons. Being interested in incentives exclusively as a corrective of the (bad) will of agents, agency theory eliminates questions related to the ways people feel capable of doing and designate themselves as authors of their own action as a precondition of responsibility taking. Thus it risks supporting management and control measures which actually impair capacity and build incapacity. Effectively, in the extant accounting and control literature imputation of responsibility is going unidirectionally from the principal to the agent, without taking into account the corresponding necessity for the agent to impute to himself the responsibility for his actions. In order to develop a complete and coherent epistemological and methodological research framework which responds to the challenge posed by this perspective, the thesis mobilizes the contributions of Paul Ricoeur who defines the sources of the sentiment of capacity, of Kantian esthetics which shows its mechanism, and of personal construct theory and of repertory grid technique introduced by George Kelly for its empirical treatment. Key words: incentives, agency theory, Paul Ricoeur, repertory grid
Bourouih, Toufik. "Conception et mise en oeuvre des systèmes d'information comme outil de management des organisations." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0043.
Full textThe information system is a valuable production tool, he allows to produce information relevant and necessary for the management of the organization. Consequently, an optimal management of the information system constitutes a challenge for the leaders of organizations, where from the importance of our research, which is translated by the interest stressed by the emergent organizations in information systems, in the conquest of effective managerial solutions by new systems designs of information. Our research is structured around two parts, a first part dedicated to the theoretical study of the theme on all the plans, the definitions, the abseilings, the typologies, the characteristics of information systems, role of information systems, project of conception of the information system and finally, controls of the project realized previously as well as the tools of correction of the procedures of management. The second part dedicated to the practical study of the theme, the methodology of the case study and the instruments of collection of information, the approach followed to build the project of conception and stake works of an information system conceived specially for the studied company, the research and the stimulations made to manage to optimize the organization within the studied company and finally, the implementation of the procedures of management within the framework of the implementation of the conceived information system. To conclude our researches, we presented, in a first place, the results of the case study and in a second place, formulated a list of propositions and suggestions to correct the failures raised on the implementation of the information system and to improve, so, its integration and its role as tool of management of organizations
Liagouras, Georges. "Travail, connaissance et langage : pour une synthèse entre l'approche de la régulation et la théorie de l'agir communicationnel." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070066.
Full textThe french school of regulation in the political economy, and the theory of communicative action, elaborated by the german philosopher and sociologist j. Habermas are seen as the two major reconstructions of the marxian paradigm of work in our times. The synthesis proposed between these two reformulations of the marxian theory stands on the emergence of new models of production in the last two decades. It is argued that such a synthesis would permit to the regulation school to incorporate critically some of the most important contributions of the "neo-schumpeterian" and "conventions" schools in the modern economic theory
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Full textResk, Diomande Antoine. "Analyse de l’impact du facteur RSE dans la reconfiguration sémiotique des marques : introduction a la théorie de la séméostasie des organisations." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20062.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the characteristics and the spreading design of the Corporate and Social Responsibility in Brand strategies. We run this research through a methodology in two steps: first, a semantic analysis of thirty companies’ CSR reports by the Cognitive Discourses analysis and secondly, interviews with professionals facing these organizational changes. The main issue in this work is the semiotic reconfiguration of brands since the emergence of CSR concept. Our conclusions led us to formulate a Semeostasy theory as the description of semiotic adaptability of organizations facing contextual factors that may to affect their legitimacy
Perocheau, Guillaume. "Comprendre la continuité d'un processus collectif d'innovation avec une théorie du véhicule : application au cas d'un projet collaboratif européen." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24020.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to understand what makes the continuity of a collective innovation process. It is based upon three theorical fields : the innovation process theories (like the Actor Network Theory, the CK Design theory), theories that describe innovators aggregations (seen as networks or as communities) and Process Analysis, recently developed in the LEST laboratory, which proposes a set of concepts that can be used to describe and understand the temporal developing of social processes. Our research is empirically grounded in the case study of a European collaborative project in the electronic field. This case was followed during a participative observation during four years. Then, the collective data was coded for an explanatory interpretation. This work allows us to propose the following thesis : what explains the temporal continuity of an innovation process, its remanence to change, its ability to overcome obstacles, is the existence of a vehicle that holds the process. This vehicle is an assembling of social ingredients. These ingredients are of various types : individuals, organisations, technical tools, inscriptions, etc. This vehicle is changing due to motors effects. It allows a reasoning deployment because it's temporal coupling with past. We illustrate this theory using the metaphor of the Chistopher Colombus explanatory voyage. Finally, this thesis brings new proposals to existing theories describing collective innovation process, due to the fact that the vehicle theory restores the dialogue between the cognitive and the social sides of the innovation process. It also allows us to propose managerial recommendations dedicated to the innovation practitioners and to institutions in charge of implementing supportive policies for innovation
Beurier, Erwan. "Characterisation of organisations for resilient detection of threats : a cluster of multiplicity." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0188.
Full textThe starting point of this thesis is sensor networks, and how to instigate resilience in them. Our approach relies on category theory. We first tackle the use of dynamical systems and their composition. We prove that every dynamical system may be decomposed into simpler, reactive systems, that could be seen as sensors. In a second part, we use a categorical language first meant for biological systems, that are resilient by nature. Biological systems enjoy a form of functional, nonstructural redundancy that biologists call degeneracy. Category theorists translate it into the multiplicity principle (MP). MP seems to constitute a fertile ground for resilience. However, MP relies on the notion of cluster, which are the arrows of ind-categories. We thus study that notion of a cluster, exhibit some new properties and definitions which use the connected components of the comma-cateogry, and that we use to find a non-categorical characterisation of MP in the special, simpler, but important case of preorders
Berger-Remy, Fabienne. "La fabrique des marques : entre processus de construction et phénomène de traduction, comment l'identité des marques est façonnée par les organisations." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010063.
Full textSchieb-Bienfait, Nathalie. "Information - stratégie : quelles théories pour quelles relations ? : la stratégie des réseaux câblés - France Telecom - 1982-1990." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT4022.
Full textThis research can be defined as an exploratory work of the articulation information strategy, through a historical case study dealing with the strategy of cable networks of the french organization of telecommunication, france telecom, over the periode 1982-1990. Inside this framework, this work aims to understand more exactly how information has effectively played a part and participated in the strategic process. In the first part, representative research from three fundamentally different perspectives has been reviewed, which correspond to three explanatory models of organization and of the role of information ; models of organization as a functionalist system, as a political system, as an interpretation system. In the second part, we have described and analysed the empirical and case study facing this conceptual framework, in order to study its relevance. We demonstrate why available models enlight some aspects of informational practices (any model involves unavoidable weaknesses). Finally, we argue that the use of these three perspectives can be combined to deal with the full complexity of the relationships information strategy, and we formulate some proposals for a repositioning of this question
Louwette, Arnaud. "L’applicabilité des droits de la personne aux organisations internationales – Approche critique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/262115.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
AUBOURG, NATHALIE. "Adaptation ou sélection par l'environnement ? : apports et limites de l'écologie des populations à la problématique du changement organisationnel." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN0589.
Full textMurat, Geoffroy. "L'éthique dans les organisations militaires : traduction sur le terrain et enseignements pour les sciences de gestion." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE005/document.
Full textThis research questions the idea of military ethics. Our work uses an analytical framework combining three different disciplines: Ethics of care, developed in moral philosophy, Stakeholder theory, from business ethics, New institutionalism theory, from management science. This framework is then applied on two different research fields: the first one deals with the study of battles where ethical stakes were particularly high: the battle of Alger, the Iraqi war, the Srebrenica battle.The second one is qualitative interviews with officers coming back from the battlefield: 10 US officers from the Iraqi conflict and 7 French militaries from Afghanistan. These two research fields are completed by an analysis of initial trainings made in France and in the US for officers. Research results shows military men act upon a feeling of care, particularly strong towards their regimental comrade. This is a true ethics of care, more than virtues or an attachment to great principles that drives soldiers and officers’ action, even if this care to the other needs does not apply to all stakeholders, only to people from the same unit. Lessons of this work can lead to future researches not only for soldiers and officers trainings, but also in values, ethics and corporate culture.The research originality is also in the implementation of ethics of care and stakeholder theory upon military organisations
Bidoux, Loïc. "Planification avec préférences basée sur la Théorie de l'Utilité Multi-Attribut couplée à une intégrale de Choquet : application à l'interopérabilité des organisations en gestion de crise." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0005/document.
Full textThis study aims to solve preference-based planning problems. The originality of this work is to represent preferences using a formalism from multicriteria decision analysis namely a MAUT model (acronym for Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) along with a Choquet integral. This formalism generalizes the notion of preference used in PDDL (the Planning Domain Definition Language). Indeed, the proposed PDDL3/MAUT extension improves the PDDL expressiveness by allowing to use any number of numeric preferences, aggregating preferences and considering interactions between preferences. As a consequence, it can represent more accurately the intrinsic complexity of decision-makers preferences. Furthermore, an algorithm for preference-based planning has been designed. It has been used to implement a planner named ChoPlan whose performances have been compared to state of the art planners. In addition, this work adresses the problem of organization’s interoperability in crisis management. Indeed, a decision aid system supporting decision-makers during the design of collaborative plans is presented. It helps stakeholders to model the situation to solve, the responders’ capabilities as well as objectives, constraints and preferences of the decision-makers. These models are then processed to generate a preference-based planning problem that is solved using the ChoPlan planner
Gauthier, Marc-André. "Essai d'interprétation de la théorie de Michel Freitag sur le capitalisme et la postmodernité : du capitalisme industriel à la révolution managériale et organisationnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27634/27634.pdf.
Full textRzadca, Krzysztof. "Des modèles et des algorithmes pour la gestion des ressources dans les grilles de plusieurs organisations." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0013.
Full textGrids are large scale supercomputers that permit coordinated usage of resources owned and controlled by different parties. The aim of this work is to study the effects of the increased decentralization in grid scheduling by means of simple mathematical models of the fundamental features that make grids djfferent trom dassic parallel computers. We employ game theorety in order to measure the consequences of deœntralized decision making by selfish participants. Our main condusion is that grids without any form of centralized control or coordination work inefflciently. The resulting 1055 of performance can be proportional to the number of jobs in the system. Yet, with some centralized control and coordination, it is possible to share the pool of available resources fairly amongst participants, so no-one looses by cooperating. Ln this context, we propose a number of scheduling algorithms for various configurations of the grid
Le, Du Laura. "Modéliser l'expansion des imaginaires en conception : dynamique des imaginaires, ingénierie de stimulation et nouvelles organisations de l'innovation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM017/document.
Full textIt is widely established that industrial innovation has to take into account imaginaries which could cause enthusiasme or rejection effects. That is why, nowadays designers consider them in their design processes. The traditionnal approach considers as stable as exogenous imaginaries, which could be shaped ex-ante and conformed new products and services to be designed. Could it be possible to plan a new approach, that would overpass the stability hypothesis, avoiding a kind of fixation and narrow-mindedness for designers or users ?The thesis focuses on this second approach, which endogenizes imaginaries by considering their renewal properties. It tackles three matters: how the transformation of imaginaries could account for the innovative technical object ? What an engineering system to stimulate imaginaries and feed innovation processes ? Lastly, what managerial actions to collectively support a stimulation of imaginaries, in an industrial context ?Thanks to the recent progress in design theory and empirical experiences led in the automotive industry, we could expand a modelisation effort. This work finds out three main results. Firstly, the thesis characterises the imaginaries dynamic transformation from a concrete and original technical object, by new criterias: heterogeneousness, number, tensions and non-polarity of imaginaries. Secondly, the thesis suggests a theoretical modelisation of the imaginaries expansion throughout a design process made of a knowledge structure with three logics hanging on together, based on the Lacanian approach and redefined by the design way: “real”, “symbolic” and “imaginary”. The thesis shows how to analyse empirical dynamics and set out managerial hypothesis in order to expand imaginaries. Thirdly, the experimentations led on four collective organisations of imaginaries, chosen for their complementarity, confirm, enrich and precise the hypothesis suggested by the theoretical model. It shows that the generativity of imaginaries is directly connected with their diversity and dynamism. Their transformation comes less from the injection of exogenous imaginaries than from a design effort combining with real, symbolic, and available substrates. Thanks to that, it is possible now to create an evolution on imaginaries through a stimulation organisation and a specific management to obtain strong generativity innovation processes
Chassagnon, Virgile. "Jalons pour une théorie de la firme comme entité fondée sur le pouvoir : le gouvernement interne et externe des firmes modernes." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22022.
Full textThe question of the nature of the firm has not lead to a consensus among economists, which means that this research field is not obsolete and makes way for new theoretical investigations. What are the constitutive properties and the internal and external governance mechanisms of firms? Starting from a critical analysis of economic theories, this dissertation proposes some building blocks for a new approach to the firm as a power-based emergent real entity. To do so, an original methodological reasoning based on an interdisciplinary framework (economy, organization theory and law) is proposed and it is shown that the firm produces intrinsic generative mechanisms. In order to understand the constitutive rules of the firm, we analyze power relationships, which are in essence plural and cohesive. With the recent evolution of the institutional environment, power relationships have been substantially modified. Whether in the real entity called “firm” (intra-firm level) or in the real entity called “network-firm” (inter-firm level), we show both theoretically and empirically – from the 2004-2005 REPONSE and ERIE surveys – a positive relationship between power and cooperation in productive activity. Several politico-legal and normative implications result from this dissertation
Amedegnato, Akakpo. "Les organisations secrètes criminelles et le management par la terreur : cas des réseaux de proxénétisme subsahariens." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30012/document.
Full textAn organization, it is primarily men and means to achieve goals, and sub-Saharanpimping networks are no exception to this rule. Like any organization they structure and mobilizestakeholders, implement strategies to achieve their goals. At the same time the question of theorganization causes including that of the organizational environment as an organization exists andevolves in a given environment with which interactions are created. The problem of organizationaldynamics of sub-Saharan pimping networks, raises the question of their visibility and legitimacy inthis environment, because they are criminal, secret organizations and therefore not eligible for anyadvertising. However, these networks do work well and the consequences of their actions areperceived. How to understand the possibility of operating in such circumstances ? It's certain, thatyoung women recruited by sub-Saharian pimps undergo management by terror. A key elementsuggests that these women live in fear that goes beyond the simple fear of the pimp. It's the« voodoo », a phenomenon linked to the socio-cultural realities of sub-Saharan communities. Doesthe institutional environment of sub-Saharan pimping networks inspire their operation ? This thesisaims to shed light on organizational practices and the operation of sub-Saharan pimping networks,in the light of two theories : neo-institutionalism and contingency. Both theories emphasize therelationship with the environment that can affect an organization and its behavior
Dessinges, Catherine. "La communication des O. N. G. : l'exemple de Handicap International à la télévision : une approche interactionniste du discours." Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO33025.
Full textEgger, Clara. "ONG : Organisations néo-gouvernementales : analyse des stratégies étatiques de contrôle des ONG humanitaires en zone de conflit : (1989-2005)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH032.
Full textThis thesis examines how States control their humanitarian NGOs. NGOs may sometimes enjoya great room of manoeuver in the implementation of their mandate, whereas, in othercircumstances, they act as sub-contractors of their home States’ foreign policies. This researchaims to identify the factors leading them to opt for one or the other course of action, as well as themodalities of States’ control (coordination or laundering). We explain why, at the end of the ColdWar, States have increased their commitments in humanitarian action, firstly bilaterally and then,multilaterally. Drawing upon the analysis of the international humanitarian policy between 1989and 2005, we reveal a 5-phases causal process which explain why States delegate competencies toan international agent when faced with the failures of their unilateral strategies. The results showthat States fund humanitarian aid in a strategic way, aligned with their geographic and politicalpreferences. Humanitarianism enables them to support their former colonies, to contribute toanti-terrorism policies, and to back military interventions. States’ funding mostly benefit to NGOthat depend on their home States. NGO thus become neo-governmental organizations. Theseagencies experience a greater rate of rejection of their action in conflict zones that NGOs thatrefuse to rely on public funding. Faced with the failure of their unilateral control strategies,European interventionist States delegate the management of the humanitarian policy to an agent,ECHO, who mandate is to make the State control of NGOs less visible. This situation raisesmultiple-agency problems: the agent slips because of its strong permeability to its sub-contractors.The principal react by reinforcing the control of its agent. At the end of the day, the humanitarianpolicy builds on a fragile equilibrium in which each State strives to control is while knowing thata too visible control decrease the efficacy of such policy, which precisely lies on its neutrality
Chauvin, Didier. "Communication organisationnelle et formation : essai d'une approche évolutionniste de trois études de cas." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20006.
Full textFor some twenty years, the managerial field has gone through an unprecedented crisis in the conception and application of its patterns of organizational efficiency. To our mind, one of the indications of that crisis would be perceptible in the evolution of devices and conditions of training. Supposing that the organizational communication would be a main factor in the processes of symbolic institution and recomposing of artefacts organizations, we tried to comprehend the relevance of our main hypothesis, that training would be the principal instrument of construction and recomposing of those new organizational methods, whose essential characteristic is to be managed by knowledge. From the three case-studies, we have built up some hypotheses that, in a weak evolutionist and selectional outlook, could clarify the question of training like device aiming to build up an environment to select the best practices, in a context of limited rationality. After those three case-studies, it turns out that training is in the centre of series of troubles among innovation, emergence, normative requirement, heteronomy, autonomy, checking, troubles related to artefacts organizations, but that grows in a context of knowledge economy. We have also concluded that the evolution of the statute and the conditions of training could express a managerial crisis, that shouldn't be of an epistemological type but that should rather come from praxeological one. Finally, the hypotheses and analyses developed as part of our work made us call some basic notions in question, in the field of information and communication knowledge (information, code, process, diffusion)
Cudennec, Arnaud. "Market categories, expertise, and evaluation of organizations." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHEC0004.
Full textThis dissertation examines how categories — groupings that are built upon social and cognitive similarities — affect the evaluation of organizations in markets. Research shows that market audiences are likely to penalize organizations that combine multiple categories. Questioning the past studies' underlying assumptions, my work contextualizes this demand of categorical purity by studying the role of (i) category nesting, that is the hierarchical disposition of categories, (ii) audience members’ heterogeneity in expertise and modes of categorization (the way individuals group entities together), and (iii) the differences of categorical valence. Using experimental tests (Chapter 1), longitudinal data on venture capital deals worldwide from 1994 to 2017 (Chapter 2) as well as theoretical developments (Chapter 3), this dissertation provides evidence of conditions under which categorically atypical organizations are better appraised than categorically pure organizations in markets. This work offers contribution to organization theory and economic sociology by speaking to research on market categories, experts’ evaluations and optimal distinctiveness
Pierre, Thomas. "L'action en force et les forces en action : sociologie de la force au travail." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ012L/document.
Full textThis study falls within the focus of research on pragmatic sociology concerning engagement schemes of action. This thesis sets out to compliment the competence to judge and the actions by person through a strategic action regime modelisation system. This involves examining this regime within the internal economy and its relation with other schemes of engagement which can be considered as a resource to denounce and justify.This inquiry employs different resources which impact the production of different categories of analysis and description. First of all, the study is based on the body of theory in pragmatic sociology and disagreements postulated in sociology. Secondly, a focus on the work of N. Machiavelli, equated with political grammar of strategic action. Followed, by an analysis of two empirical surveys linked to the research themes treated. The first survey concerns the planning related to logistical sub-contracting in the electronical commercial domain. The second survey, analyses the work concerning the representation of an electoral enterprise campaign.The strategic action of regime is a lens to analyze and construct a framework of the actions and situations which are based on the principles of equity of power. The situations consist of power struggles aimed to keep or conserve that which is good. The evaluation of situations such as power relations facilitate the reduction of uncertainty in carrying out actions, in order to classify the situations and proceed to distribution of goods. Virtù refers to the competence of people in strategic actions which facilitate engagement in strategic situation
Arezki, Djelloul. "La mobilisation collective des ressources humaines : un levier de pérennisation organisationnelle : une approche contingente dans quatre organisations festivalières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0480.
Full textFestivals are organizations on the borderline between the events activities sector and the arts, culture and creation sector. They face an unstable, turbulent and constantly changing environment. Indeed, managers have to juggle with multiple economic, technological, political or societal contingencies (Soldo, 2018). Although more than 3000 festivals perform in France, a significant number of cultural organisations and event structures are temporarily/permanently closed, as showed by the "Cartocrise - Culture française tu te meurs -". This raises the question of the sustainability of these structures (Salaun, 2016); the latter represents a main challenge for festival managers. In this context, this doctoral work aims to understand how the collective mobilization of human resources can foster festival sustainability. More specifically, our study focus on addressing festivals sustainability we propose to provide solutions to the following problem: in order to ensure their sustainability to what extent can how festival organizations can use and promote the collective mobilization of their human resources? Using Dewey pragmatic-oriented approach, this work mobilizes the survey methodology. More specifically, the theoretical and conceptual framework built on the basis of a pre-exploratory study makes it possible to formulate two research proposals. We analyse these proposals using a multiple case study and identify theoretical, conceptual, methodological, managerial and pedagogical contributions
Parisot, Xavier. "Influence des logiques d'innovation ouvertes sur l'émergence des écosystèmes d'affaires dans les Bioindustries françaises." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0996/document.
Full textBiotechnologies mobilized today in bio-industries require skills that companies can no longer control alone. The development of disruptive innovations involves a multidisciplinary approach requiring the intervention of several industrial sectors that is opposed to proprietary innovation logic. Transversality necessary for these collaborations between private companies and public sectors and or between industries from different business sectors profoundly changes the nature of organizational models chosen by firms. Among all the models adopted, the business ecosystem (BE) occupies a more and more central place in bio-industries. The optimization of the associated logical innovation has become a challenge that even the institutions are trying to respond by supporting the adoption of open innovation logics (OI) and the development of BE. Yet, the nature of these two notions is still discussed and there theoretical combination remains poorly understood. Although case studies show that BE support their development on OI in knowledge based industries, nature and implementation sequence of underlying concepts remain to be determined. Moreover, the debate remains regarding the ontological and epistemological limits of OI and BE notions. This thesis seeks to clarify these elements and determines what role is played by the OI in the emergence of BE in the French bio-industries.The ontological analysis of BE notion reveals the purely metaphorical transpositions made by Moore from ecology to establish its definition. Therefore, the analogical approach supported by a part of the scientific community can't be applied to establish the epistemological limits of BE notion. The ontological nature of OI notion remains uncertain. Nature of inter-organizational information flows and dynamic capabilities of firms are jointly mobilized. This uncertainty is not permissive to the achievement of an epistemological analysis, therefore dynamic capacities here were chosen as theoretical foundations of the OI notion. The epistemological analysis of the development of BE notion demonstrates the application of a recursive loop in its construction. Moreover, it reveals the existence of a substantive theory behind the BE notion, theory which mobilizes a sequence of concepts implemented successively in the emergence of BE. The OI is one of mobilized notions.The epistemological posture adopted in this thesis is that of critical realism. It allows the inclusion of the recursive loop. It is suitable for the approach by grounded theories. It integrates intrinsic and extrinsic circumstances justifying how generating mechanisms are activated. It allows the formulation of founding ontological assumptions. This choice preserves Moore's implicit epistemological posture, legitimizes the value of its grounded approach, assumes the ontological assumption made about the foundations of OI notion, and takes into account both environmental and organizational factors justifying the emergence of BE. The resulting methodology is qualitative. It goes through a comparison of two case studies based on secondary data analysis. Contextual factors of each case are correlated to reveal the generative mechanisms justifying the role of OI in the emergence of BE.The results confirm the implementation sequence of concepts proposed by Moore in the emergence of BE in the French bio-industries. They precise the place of OI in this sequence by specifying its role in the transition from collaboration to co-evolution of firms within BE. They confirm that BE is not an organizational model in itself, but an inter-organizational stance promoting the adoption of appropriate models
Roy-Lemieux, Geneviève. "Le contrôle des organisations à vocation universelle : le cas du Programme des Nations Unies pour l’environnement." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100057/document.
Full textThe United Nations (UN) – an atypical organization with its own legal personality unlike other international organizations, has the power to define its relationships with all its stakeholders and is acting within a system of governance at two levels: one of "external governance" (for coordination between different actors such as governments, other international institutions, international funds, businesses and non-governmental organizations) and one of internal governance (Bouquin, Kuszla, 2014) which frames the various UN bodies. The articulation of those two forms of governance ensures the implementation of international policies at the national level. These policies take the form of plans or programs of action in various fields, especially in the environmental field. Although this axis is not part of the historic UN missions such as peace and international security, it gradually took on some importance in 1972 with the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP. Although its missions and its organizational control model have progressively changed, UNEP’s governance has never been that weak. Analysis of UNEP’s control configurations requires a sociological approach that captures the interactions between actors and structure (structuration and metaorganizations theory). The comparison of two case studies carried out in a situation of participant observation revealed three universal’s organizational control configurations and a grid of factors to be considered in order a coherent articulation of these organizations’ two forms of governance