Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie du contrôle géométrique'
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Lazrag, Ayadi. "Théorie de contrôle et systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4060/document.
Full textThis thesis is devided into three parts. In the first part we begin by describing some well known results in geometric control theory such as the Chow Rashevsky Theorem, the Kalman rank condition, the End-Point Mapping and the linear test. Moreover, we define and study briefly local controllability around a reference control at first and second order. In the second part we provide an elementary proof of the Franks lemma for geodesic flows using basic tools of geometric control theory. In the last part, given a compact Riemannian manifold, we prove a uniform Franks' lemma at second order for geodesic flows and apply the result in persistence theory. In this part we introduce with more details notions of local controllability at first and second order. In fact, we provide a second order controllability result whose proof is long and technical
Matei, Cornel-Marius. "Comparaison entre les approches statistique et géométrique dans la détection des détection des défaillances." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10125.
Full textHafassa, Boutheina. "Deux problèmes de contrôle géométrique : holonomie horizontale et solveur d'esquisse." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS017/document.
Full textWe study two problems arising from geometric control theory. The Problem I consists of extending the concept of horizontal holonomy group for affine manifolds. More precisely, we consider a smooth connected finite-dimensional manifold M, an affine connection ∇ with holonomy group H∇ and ∆ a smooth completely non integrable distribution. We define the ∆-horizontal holonomy group H∆∇ as the subgroup of H∇ obtained by ∇-parallel transporting frames only along loops tangent to ∆. We first set elementary properties of H∆∇ and show how to study it using the rolling formalism. In particular, it is shown that H∆∇ is a Lie group. Moreover, we study an explicit example where M is a free step-two homogeneous Carnot group with m≥2 generators, and ∇ is the Levi-Civita connection associated to a Riemannian metric on M, and show in this particular case that H∆∇ is compact and strictly included in H∇ as soon as m≥3. The Problem II is studying the modeling of the problem of solver sketch. This problem is one of the steps of a CAD/CAM software. Our goal is to achieve a well founded mathematical modeling and systematic the problem of solver sketch. The next step is to understand the convergence of the algorithm, to improve the results and to expand the functionality. The main idea of the algorithm is to replace first the points of the space of spheres by displacements (elements of the group) and then use a Newton's method on Lie groups obtained. In this thesis, we classified the possible displacements of the groups using the theory of Lie groups. In particular, we distinguished three sets, each set containing an object type: the first one is the set of points, denoted Points, the second is the set of lines, denoted Lines, and the third is the set of circles and lines, we note that ∧. For each type of object, we investigated all the possible movements of groups, depending on the desired properties. Finally, we propose to use the following displacement of groups for the displacement of points, the group of translations, which acts transitively on Lines ; for the lines, the group of translations and rotations, which is 3-dimensional and acts transitively (globally but not locally) on Lines ; on lines and circles, the group of anti-translations, rotations and dilations which has dimension 4 and acts transitively (globally but not locally) on ∧
Harrivel, Dikanaina. "Théorie des champs : approche multisymplectique de la quantification, théorie perturbative et application." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011761.
Full textNous nous interessons tout d'abord à l'équation linéaire et nous proposons une description multisymplectique de la quantification canonique par le biais d'une representation des symétries, de la quantification par deformation et enfin nous introduisons la notion de quatification par déformation multisymplectique.
Ensuite nous traitons le champ en interaction. Nous construisons dans un premier temps des observables sous la forme de séries sur les arbres plans puis nous montrons comment elles peuvent être reliées aux séries de Butcher. Enfin nous voyons comment appliquer nos résultats à la théorie du contrôle.
Pasillas-Lépine, William. "Systèmes de contact et structures de Goursat : Théorie et application au contrôle des systèmes mécaniques non holonomes." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES025.
Full textIn the first part of this Ph. D. Thesis, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Pfaffian system to be locally equivalent to the canonical contact system on the jet space Jⁿ (R, Rm). Those conditions, which are both geometric and intrinsic, can be checked explicitly and extend in a natural way classical characterizations of certain contact systems obtained by Darboux, Cartan, Bryant and Murray. When our regularity conditions does not hold, we show that Pfaffian system can nevertheless be converted into a normal form that generalizes that introduced by Kumpera and Ruiz in their work on Goursat structures. In the second part, we introduce a new local invariant for Goursat structures. This invariant, called the singularity type, contains an important part of the local geometry of Goursat structures. For example, the growth vector and abnormal curves of any Goursat structure are determined by the singularity type. We also show that any Goursat structure is locally equivalent to the n-trailer system, considered in a neighbourhood of a well-chosen point of its configuration space. In the third part, we apply our results on Goursat structures to the nonholonomic motion planning problem for the n-trailer system in a neighbourhood of a singular configuration. In our study, we also show that any Goursat structure admits locally a pair of generators that span a nilpotent Lie algebra
Picot, Gautier. "Contrôle optimal géométrique et numérique appliqué au problème de transfert Terre-Lune." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS067/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis provides a numerical study of space trajectories in the Earth-Moon system when low-thrust is applied. Our computations are based on fundamental results from geometric control theory. The spacecraft's motion is modelled by the equations of the controlled restricted three-body problem. We focus on minimizing energy cost and transfer time. Optimal trajectories are found among a set of extremal curves, solutions of the Pontryagin's maximum principle, which can be computed solving a shooting equation thanks to a Newton algorithm. In this framework, initial conditions are found using homotopic methods or studying the linearized control system. We check local optimality of the trajectories using the second order optimality conditions related to the concept of conjugate points. In the case of the energy minimization problem, we also describe the principle of approximating Earth-Moon optimal transfers by concatening optimal keplerian trajectories around The Earth and the Moon and an energy-minimal solution of the linearized system in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium point L1
Jeannin, Pierre. "Contrôle des courbes et surfaces rationnelles par vecteurs massiques." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10111.
Full textSigal-Pauchard, Marie. "Application de la théorie de l'optimisation à certains problèmes de relativité générale." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES004.
Full textTrélat, Emmanuel. "Etude asymptotique et transcendance de la fonction valeur en contrôle optimal. Catégorie log-exp en géométrie sous-riemannienne dans le cas Martinet." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS076.
Full textNowicki, Marcin. "Feedback linearization of mechanical control systems Geometry and flatness of m-crane systems A classification of feedback linearizable mechanical systems with 2 degrees of freedom." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR15.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to a study of mechanical control systems, which are defined in local coordinates x = (x¹, . . . , xⁿ) on a smooth configuration manifold Q. They take the form of second-order differential equations¹ … where…are the Christoffel symbols corresponding to Coriolis and centrifugal terms, e(x) is an uncontrolled vector field on Q representing the influence of external positional forces acting on the system (e.g. gravitational or elasticity), and … are controlled vector fields in Q. Equivalently, a mechanical control system can be described by a first-order system on the tangent bundle TQ which is the state space of the system using coordinates (x,y) = (x¹, ..., xⁿ, y¹, ..., yⁿ) : … The main problem considered in this thesis is mechanical feedback linearization (shortly MF-linearization) by applying to the mechanical system the following transformations : (i) changes of coordinates given by diffeomorphisms … (ii) mechanical feedback transformations, denoted (α,β,γ), of the form … such that the transformed system is linear and mechanica
Orieux, Michaël. "Quelques propriétés et applications du contrôle en temps minimal." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED079.
Full textThis thesis contribute to the optimal time study of control-affine systems. These problems arise naturally from physics, and contains, for instance, mechanical systems. We tackle the study of their singularities, while minimizing the final time, meaning the time on which the aim is reached. We give a precise study of the extremal flow, for mechanical systems, for starter, and then, in general. This leads to the knowledge of the flow regularity: it is smooth on a stratification around the singular set. We then apply those results to mechanical systems, and orbit transfer problems, with two and three bodies, giving an upper bound to the number of singularities occurring during a transfer. We then change our viewpoint to study the optimality of such extremal in general, and give an optimality criteria than can be easily checkednumerically. In the last chapter we study the singularities of the controlled Kepler problem through another path: we prove a non-integrability theorem - in the Liouville sens - for the Hamiltonian system given by the minimum time orbit transfer (or rendez-vous) problem in the Kepler configuration
Mandorino, Vito. "Théorie KAM faible et instabilité pour familles d'hamiltoniens." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867687.
Full textGreuet, Aurélien. "Optimisation polynomiale et variétés polaires : théorie, algorithmes et implantations." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922805.
Full textSerres, Ulysse. "Géométrie et classification par feedback des systèmes de contrôle de basse dimension." Phd thesis, Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS005.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the study of the local and global differential geometry of fully nonlinear smooth control systems on two-dimensional smooth manifolds. We are particulary interested in the feedback-invariants of such systems. In a first part we will use the Cartan's moving frame method in order to determine these invariants and we will see that one of the most important feedback-invariants is the control analogue to the Gaussian curvature of a surface. As we will explain it, the control curvature reveals very precious information on the optimal synthesis of time optimal problems. In a second part we will construct some microlocal normal forms for time optimal control system and we will characterize in an intrinsic manner the flat systems. Finally, we will deals with global features ; in particular we will see how to generalize the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for control systems on surfaces without boundary
Jassionnesse, Lionel. "Contrôle optimal et métriques de Clairaut-Liouville avec applications." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS047/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis is about the study of the conjugate and cut loci of 2D riemannian or almost-riemannian metrics. We take the point of view of optimal control to apply the Pontryagin Maximum Principle in the purpose of characterize the extremals of the problem considered.We use geometric, numerical and integrability methods to study some Liouville and Clairaut-Liouville metrics on the sphere. In the degenerate case of revolution, the study of the ellipsoid uses geometric methods to fix the cut locus and the nature of the conjugate locus in the oblate and prolate cases. In the general case, extremals will have two distinct type of comportment which correspond to those observed in the revolution case, and are separated by those which pass by umbilical points. The numerical methods are used to find quickly the Jacobi's Last Geometric Statement : the cut locus is a segment and the conjugate locus has exactly four cusps.The study of an almost-riemannian metric comes from a quantum control problem in which the aim is to transfer in a minimal time the state of one spin through an Ising chain of three spins. After reduction, we obtain a metric with a second first integral so it can be written in the Liouville normal form, which leads us to the equations of geodesics. Outside the particular case of Grushin, of which the caustic is described, we use numerical methods to study the conjugate locus and the cut locus in the general case
Augier, Nicolas. "Contrôle adiabatique des systèmes quantiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX042/document.
Full textThe main purpose of the thesis is to study the links between the singularities of the spectrum of a controlled quantum Hamiltonian and the controllability issues of the associated Schr"odinger equation.The principal issue that is developed is how to control a parameter-dependent family of quantum systems with a common control input. This problem of ensemble controllability is linked to the design of a robust control strategy when a parameter (a resonance frequency or a control field inhomogeneity for instance) is unknown, and is an important issue for experimentalists.Thanks to the study one-parametric families of Hamiltonians and their generic singularities, we give an explicit control strategy for the ensemble controllability problem when geometric conditions on the spectrum of the Hamiltonian are satisfied. The result is based on adiabatic approximation theory and on the presence of curves of conical eigenvalue intersections of the controlled Hamiltonian. The proposed technique works for systems evolving both in finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Then we study the problem of ensemble controllability under less restrictive hypotheses on the spectrum, namely the presence of non-conical singularities. Under generic conditions such non-conical singularities are not present for single systems, but appear for one-parametric families of systems.For the study of a single system, we focus on a class of curves in the space of controls, called the non-mixing curves (defined in cite{Bos}), that can optimize the adiabatic dynamics near conical and non-conical intersections. They are linked to the geometry of the eigenspaces of the controlled Hamiltonian and the adiabatic approximation holds with higher precision along them.We propose to study the compatibility of the adiabatic approximation with the rotating wave approximation. Such approximations are usually done in cascade by physicists. My work shows that this is justified for finite dimensional quantum systems only under certain conditions on the time scales. We also study ensemble control issues in this case
Assemat, Élie. "Sur le rôle des singularités hamiltonniennes dans les systèmes contrôlés : applications en mécanique quantique et en optique non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833905.
Full textTrélat, Emmanuel. "Etude asymptotique et transcendance de la fonctionvaleur en contrôle optimal. Catégorie log-exp en géométrie sous-Riemannienne dans le cas Martinet." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086511.
Full texttrajectoires anormales en théorie du contrôle optimal.
Après avoir rappelé quelques résultats fondamentaux en contrôle
optimal, on étudie l'optimalité des
anormales pour des systèmes affines mono-entrée avec contrainte
sur le contrôle, d'abord pour le problème du temps optimal, puis
pour un coût quelconque à temps final fixé ou non.
On étend cette théorie aux
systèmes sous-Riemanniens de rang 2, montrant qu'on se ramène
à un système affine du type précédent.
Ces résultats montrent que,
sous des conditions générales, une trajectoire anormale est
\it{isolée} parmi toutes les solutions du système ayant les mêmes
conditions aux limites, et donc \it{localement optimale}, jusqu'à
un premier point dit \it{conjugué} que l'on peut caractériser.
On s'intéresse ensuite
au comportement asymptotique et à la
régularité de la fonction valeur associée à un système affine
analytique avec un coût quadratique. On montre que, en
l'absence de trajectoire
anormale minimisante, la fonction valeur est
\it{sous-analytique et continue}. S'il existe une anormale
minimisante, on sort de la catégorie sous-analytique en général,
notamment en géométrie sous-Riemannienne. La présence d'une
anormale minimisante est responsable de la \it{non-propreté} de
l'application exponentielle, ce qui provoque un phénomène de
\it{tangence} des ensembles de niveaux de la fonction valeur par
rapport à la direction anormale. Dans le cas affine mono-entrée
ou sous-Riemannien de rang 2, on décrit précisément ce
contact, et on en déduit une partition de la
sphère sous-Riemannienne au voisinage de l'anormale
en deux secteurs appelés \it{secteur
$L^\infty$} et \it{secteur $L^2$}.\\
La question de transcendance est étudiée dans le cas
sous-Riemannien de Martinet où la distribution est
$\Delta=\rm{Ker }(dz-\f{y^2}{2}dx)$. On montre que
pour une métrique générale graduée d'ordre $0$~:
$g=(1+\alpha y)^2dx^2+(1+\beta x+\gamma y)^2dy^2$,
les sphères de petit rayon
\it{ne sont pas sous-analytiques}. Dans le cas général
intégrable où $g=a(y)dx^2+c(y)dy^2$, avec $a$ et $c$ analytiques,
les sphères de Martinet appartiennent à la
\it{catégorie log-exp}.
Arguillere, Sylvain. "Géométrie sous-riemannienne en dimension infinie et applications à l'analyse mathématique des formes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066144/document.
Full textThis manuscript is dedicated to the study of infinite dimensional sub-Riemannian geometry and its applications to shape analysis using dieomorphic deformations. The first part is a detailed summary of our work, while the second part combines the articles we wrote during the last three years. We first extend the framework of sub- Riemannian geometry to infinite dimensions, establishing conditions that ensure the existence of a Hamiltonian geodesic flow. We then apply these results to strong right- invariant sub-Riemannian structures on the group of diffeomorphisms of a manifold. We then define rigorously the abstract concept shape spaces. A shape space is a Banach manifold on which the group of diffeomorphisms of a manifold acts in a way that satisfy certain properties. We then define several sub-Riemannian structures on these shape spaces using this action, and study these. Finally, we add constraints to the possible deformations, and formulate shape analysis problems in an infinite dimensional control theoritic framework. We prove a Pontryagin maximum principle adapted to this context, establishing the constrained geodesic equations. Algorithms for fin- ding optimal deformations are then developped, supported by numerical simulations. These algorithms extend and unify previously established methods in shape analysis
Lichah, Tony. "Développement de la qualité numérique des modèles CAO surfaciques : application à la définition de formes de style dans le domaine de l'automobile." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/efcd3fed-9e4d-4a32-8cad-78bf1cab1059.
Full textThis thesis aims to define and develop the notion of numerical quality of CAD surfacic models and its application to the style shapes modelization in the automotive industry. We present in a first chapter process of freeform shapes modelization in industrial design before and after the advent of computers. In connection with that, we present the main mathematical methods of curves and surfaces modelization in CAD. In a second chapter, we define the notion of quality of CAD surfacic models. This quality includes two main aspects : the geometrical quality and the numerical quality. One suggests here of specifying the notion of numerical quality. We give an overview of problems bound to the numerical definition of CAD surfacic models and we pose the concepts on wich lies the numerical quality. In a third chapter, we present the development of an analysis and control tool of the numerical quality of CAD surfacic models. This development leads to the definition of a criteria and quality indicators set. These indicators proceed from the numerical data describing curves and surfaces of a model and return values allowing a quality rating. An implementation of this tool is performed and its application framework is specified. Its application to some cases tests concluded to its validation. In a fourth chapter, we develop new curves modelization methods by smoothing. These methods contribute to the quality insurance of CAD surfacic models. They use for this purpose particular curves which definition insure numerical quality high level results. These curves are dedicated to the modelization of shapes with a smooth varying curvature
Debraux, Laurent. "Analyse et contrôle de l'équation de Duffing et des phénomènes de ferrorésonance dans les lignes électriques : calcul des bassins d'attraction : continuation des tores invariants et solutions quasi-périodiques." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD320.
Full textFerroresonance on electric transmission lines are related to magnetic saturation of iron cores in transformers, this non-linearity is used to generate subharmonics, quasiperiodic or even chaotic motions. Non distributed parameter models for electric lines can be written as ordinary differential equations with periodic excitation as for instance Duffing’s equation. We start in chapter 1 with some theoretic preliminaries, then in chapters 2, 3 and 4 we study periodic solutions, we develop algorithms to search subharmonics and we deal with control of singular points. Chapter 5 is concerned with the computation of domains of attractions for non-transient states. Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to the continuation of paths of invariant torus that emanate from a torus bifurcation. The algorithm is original and consists in following invariant circles using local charts that we adapt at each step. This program has been used to compute quasi periodic solutions for an electric line model using Poincaré mapping. We can think about further and numerous developments
Klein, Guillaume. "Stabilisation et asymptotique spectrale de l’équation des ondes amorties vectorielle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD050/document.
Full textIn this thesis we are considering the vectorial damped wave equation on a compact and smooth Riemannian manifold without boundary. The damping term is a smooth function from the manifold to the space of Hermitian matrices of size n. The solutions of this équation are thus vectorial. We start by computing the best exponential energy decay rate of the solutions in terms of the damping term. This allows us to deduce a sufficient and necessary condition for strong stabilization of the vectorial damped wave equation. We also show the appearance of a new phenomenon of high-frequency overdamping that did not exists in the scalar case. In the second half of the thesis we look at the asymptotic distribution of eigenfrequencies of the vectorial damped wave equation. Were show that, up to a null density subset, all the eigenfrequencies are in a strip parallel to the imaginary axis. The width of this strip is determined by the Lyapunov exponents of a dynamical system defined from the damping term
Huangfu, Yigeng. "La recherche de systèmes nonlinéaires de contrôle de mode glissant à Ordre Supérieur et ses applications pour la MSAP." Belfort-Montbéliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608229/fr/.
Full textNonlinear system control has been widely concern of the research. At present, the nonlinear system decoupling control and static feedback linearization that based on the theory of differential geometry brought the research getting rid of limitation for local linearization and small scale motion. However, differential geometry control must depend on precise mathematical model. As a matter of fact, the control system usually is with parameters uncertainties and output disturbance. In this thesis, nonlinear system of control theory has been studied deeply. Considering sliding mode variable structure control with good robust, which was not sensitive for parameters perturbation and external disturbance, the combination idea of nonlinear system and sliding mode controls was obtained by reference to the large number of documents. Thus, it not only can improve system robustness but solve the difficulties problem of nonlinear sliding mode surface structure. As known to all, traditional sliding mode had a defect that is famous chattering phenomenon. A plenty of research papers focus on elimination/avoidance chattering by using different methods. By comparing, the document is concerned with novel design method for high order sliding mode control, which can eliminate chattering fundamentally. Especially, the approach and realization of nonlinear system high order sliding mode control is presented in this paper. High order sliding mode technique is the latest study. This thesis from the theory analysis to the simulation and experiment deeply study high order sliding mode control principle and its applications. By comparison, the second order sliding mode control law (also known as dynamic sliding mode control, DSM) may be effective to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. But it is still unable to shake off the requirement of system relative degree. Therefore, arbitrary order sliding mode controller is employed, whose relative degree can equal any values instead of one. The robot car model adopted high order sliding mode is taken as an example. The simulation results show that the tracking control is effective. In the control systems design, it is very often to differentiate the variables. Through the derivation of sliding mode, the expression of sliding mode differential value is obtained. The simulation results certificate sliding mode differentiator with robustness and precision. At the same time, the differentiator for arbitrary sliding mode is given to avoiding conventional complex numerical calculation. It not only remains the precision of variables differential value, but also obtains the robustness. A direct application is simplification for high order sliding mode controller. Due to its inherent advantages, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) deserves attention and is the most used drive in machine tool servos and modern speed control applications. For improving performance, this paper will applied nonlinear high order sliding mode research achievement to MIMO permanent magnet synchronous motor. It changes the coupling nonlinear PMSM to single input single output (SISO) linear subsystem control problem instead of near equilibrium point linearization. Thereby, the problem of nonlinear and coupling for PMSM has been solved. In addition, Uncertainty nonlinear robust control system has been well-received study of attention. Because the robust control theory is essentially at the expense of certain performance. This kind of robust control strategy often limits bandwidth of closed loop, so that system tracking performance and robustness will be decreased. So, sliding mode control is an effective approach for improving system robust. This thesis first proposed a robust high order sliding mode controller for PMSM. The system has good position servo tracking precision in spite of parameters uncertainties and external torque disturbance. On this basis, According to the principle of high order sliding mode, as well as differentiator, the state variables of PMSM are identified online firstly and successfully. The results of simulation indicate observe value has high precision when sliding mode variable and its differentials are convergent into zero. The same theory is used in external unknown torque disturbance estimation online for PMSM. As if, load torque will no longer be unknown disturbance. System performance can be improved greatly. It establishes theoretical foundation for the future applications. At the end of paper, using advanced half-physical platform controller dSPACE to drive a PMSM, hardware experiment implement is structured completely. The experiment results illustrate that PMSM adopting precious feedback linearization decoupling and high order sliding mode controller can realize system servo tracking control with good dynamic and steady character
Bonalli, Riccardo. "Optimal control of aerospace systems with control-state constraints and delays." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS388.
Full textIn this work, we address the real-time optimal guidance of launch vehicles with the objective of designing an autonomous algorithm for the prediction of optimal control strategies, based on indirect methods, able to adapt itself to unpredicted changes of the original scenario. To this aim, we first provide an accurate geometric analysis in the presence of mixed control-state constraints to recover a well-posed framework and correctly apply indirect methods. A practical numerical integration of the problem is proposed by efficiently combining indirect methods with homotopy procedures, increasing robustness and computational speed. Moreover, we improve dynamical models by considering delays. More specifically, we introduce a rigorous and well-posed homotopy framework to recover solutions for optimal control problems with delays via indirect methods. All our contributions made possible the development of a fully automatic, independent and self-regulating software, today property of ONERA-The French Aerospace Lab, for general realistic endo-atmospheric launch vehicle applications focused on optimal missile interception scenarios
Cots, Olivier. "Contrôle optimal géométrique : méthodes homotopiques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742927.
Full textOliveira, Dos Santos Joana. "Théorie d'Aubry-Mather : un regard géométrique." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090054.
Full textRouot, Jérémy. "Méthodes géométriques et numériques en contrôle optimal et applications au transfert orbital à poussée faible et à la nage à faible nombre de Reynolds." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4103/document.
Full textThe first part of this work is devoted to the study of the swimming at low Reynolds number where we consider a2-link swimmer to model the motion of a Copepod and the seminal model of the Purcell Three-link swimmer. Wepropose a geometric and numerical approach using optimal control theory assuming that the motion occursminimizing the energy dissipated by the drag fluid forces related with a concept of efficiency of a stroke. TheMaximum Principle is used to compute periodic controls considered as minimizing control using propertransversality conditions, in relation with periodicity, minimizing the energy dissipated for a fixed displacement ormaximizing the efficiency of a stroke. These problems fall into the framework of sub-Riemannian geometry whichprovides efficient techniques to tackle these problems : the nilpotent approximation is used to compute strokeswith small amplitudes which are continued numerically for the true system. Second order optimality, necessary orsufficient, are presented to select weak minimizers in the framework of periodic optimal controls.In the second part, we study the motion of a controlled spacecraft in a central field taking into account thegravitational interaction of the Moon and the oblateness of the Earth. Our purpose is to study the time minimalorbital transfer problem with low thrust. Due to the small control amplitude, our approach is to define anaveraged system from the Maximum Principle and study the related approximations to the non averaged system.We provide proofs of convergence and give numerical results where we use the averaged system to solve the nonaveraged system using indirect method
Saby, Nicolas. "Théorie d'Iwasawa géométrique : un théorème de comparaison." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10015.
Full textVilmart, Gilles. "Étude d'intégrateurs géométriques pour des équations différentielles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348112.
Full textDans la première partie, on introduit une nouvelle approche de construction d'intégrateurs numériques géométriques d'ordre élevé en s'inspirant de la théorie des équations différentielles modifiées. Le cas des méthodes développables en B-séries est spécifiquement analysé et on introduit une nouvelle loi de composition sur les B-séries. L'efficacité de cette approche est illustrée par la construction d'un nouvel intégrateur géométrique d'ordre élevé pour les équations du mouvement d'un corps rigide. On obtient également une méthode numérique précise pour le calcul de points conjugués pour les géodésiques du corps rigide.
Dans la seconde partie, on étudie dans quelle mesure les excellentes performances des méthodes symplectiques, pour l'intégration à long terme en astronomie et en dynamique moléculaire, persistent pour les problèmes de contrôle optimal. On discute également l'extension de la théorie des équations modifiées aux problèmes de contrôle optimal.
Dans le même esprit que les équations modifiées, on considère dans la dernière partie des méthodes de pas fractionnaire (splitting) pour les systèmes hamiltoniens perturbés, utilisant des potentiels modifiés. On termine par la construction de méthodes de splitting d'ordre élevé avec temps complexes pour les équations aux dérivées partielles paraboliques, notamment les problèmes de réaction-diffusion en chimie.
Sergent, Philippe. "Optimisation géométrique du contrôle actif dans les gaines de ventilation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529385.
Full textSERGENT, PHILIPPE. "Optimisation géométrique du contrôle actif dans les gaines de ventilation." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9607.
Full textPinna, Lorenzo. "On the controllability of the quantum dynamics of closed and open systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX017/document.
Full textWe investigate the controllability of quantum systems in two differentsettings: the standard 'closed' setting, in which a quantum system is seen as isolated, the control problem is formulated on the Schroedinger equation; the open setting that describes a quantum system in interaction with a larger one, of which just qualitative parameters are known, by means of the Lindblad equation on states.In the context of closed systems we focus our attention to an interesting class ofmodels, namely the spin-boson models. The latter describe the interaction between a 2-level quantum system and finitely many distinguished modes of a bosonic field. We discuss two prototypical examples, the Rabi model and the Jaynes-Cummings model, which despite their age are still very popular in several fields of quantum physics. Notably, in the context of cavity Quantum Electro Dynamics (C-QED) they provide an approximate yet accurate description of the dynamics of a 2-level atom in a resonant microwave cavity, as in recent experiments of S. Haroche. We investigate the controllability properties of these models, analyzing two different types of control operators acting on the bosonic part, corresponding -in the application to cavity QED- to an external electric and magnetic field, respectively. We review some recent results and prove the approximate controllability of the Jaynes-Cummings model with these controls. This result is based on a spectral analysis exploiting the non-resonances of the spectrum. As far as the relation between the Rabi andthe Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonians concerns, we treat the so called rotating waveapproximation in a rigorous framework. We formulate the problem as an adiabaticlimit in which the detuning frequency and the interaction strength parameter goes to zero, known as the weak-coupling regime. We prove that, under certain hypothesis on the ratio between the detuning and the coupling, the Jaynes-Cumming and the Rabi dynamics exhibit the same behaviour, more precisely the evolution operators they generate are close in norm.In the framework of open quantum systems we investigate the controllability ofthe Lindblad equation. We consider a control acting adiabatically on the internal part of the system, which we see as a degree of freedom that can be used to contrast the action of the environment. The adiabatic action of the control is chosen to produce a robust transition. We prove, in the prototype case of a two-level system, that the system approach a set of equilibrium points determined by the environment, i.e. the parameters that specify the Lindblad operator. On that set the system can be adiabatically steered choosing a suitable control. The analysis is based on the application of geometrical singular perturbation methods
Lohéac, Jérôme. "Contrôle en temps optimal et nage à bas nombre de Reynolds." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801240.
Full textSalem, Ghada. "Homologie d'intersection géométrique pour les singularités coniques isolées." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1165/.
Full textIn the first part, we construct a Poincaré duality for pseudo-manifolds with isolated conical singularities. The Poincaré duality is not true in the singular case. In 1980, Goresky and Mac Pherson, introduce the intersection homology for which the rational Poincaré duality remains true for conical singularities. We modifie their cohomology by constructing a non free complex, quasi-isomorphic to the intersection complex but whose cohomology verifies the Poincaré duality. In the second part, we define a geometrical theory of the intersection homology. It results that any intersection cycle can be represented by the cap product of the fundamental class of a manifold with boundary by a class of J-cohomology of this manifold. To end we show that J-cohomology verifies an isomorphism of Thom
Grisoni, Laurent. "Eléments de multirésolution en modélisation géométrique." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10626.
Full textMartin, Éric. "L'apprentissage du contrôle sous contrôle récursif." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077080.
Full textLe, Pennec Erwan. "Bandelettes et représentation géométrique des images." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0059.
Full textBarboux, Cécile. "Contrôle par objections d'une théorie incomplète." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20063.
Full textHindawi, Mohamad-Ahed. "Transport optimal en théorie du contrôle." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4108.
Full textWe study the mass transportation problem where the assumed cost function is associated to a control system. We are interested in the existence, uniqueness and the regularity of an optimal transport map. At first, we associate to the cost function of the transport problem an optimal control problem of type LQ. There we prove results about existence, uniqueness and regularity of the transport map. The regularity property that we had obtained uses the regularity property in Brenier case after certain construction. Then we associate to the cost function of the assumed transport problem a control system defined on a Lie group. Here we obtain the existence, uniqueness and the regularity of the transport map. In particular we treat the case where the system is bilinear. Finally we study the aforementioned problem but this time we associate to the cost function an affine-control system. Under certain hypothesis, controllability and the absence of singular minimizing controls, we obtain analogues result as in the previous case
Ait-Aoudia, Samy. "Modélisation géométrique par contrainte : quelques méthodes de résolution." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/81/83/47/PDF/1994_Ait_Aoudia_Samy.pdf.
Full textGoubinat, Damien. "Contrôle géométrique et méthodes numériques : application au problème de montée d'un avion." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18608/7/Goubinat.pdf.
Full textMaculan, Marco. "Applications de la théorie géométrique des invariants à la géométrie diophantienne." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805516.
Full textTauber, Clément. "Trois applications d'une approche géométrique à la théorie conforme des champs." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1047/document.
Full textThe thesis, consisting of three parts, is focusing on different physical problems that are related to two dimensional Conformal Field Theory (CFT).The first part deals with nonequilibrium transport properties across a junction of quantum wires. Three models are studied. The first one describes the wires by a free compactified bosonic field, seen as the bosonization of the Luttinger liquid of electrons. The junction of the wires is modeled by a boundary condition that ensures nontrivial scattering of the charges between the wires. Combining canonical quantization and functional integral, we compute exactly the current correlation functions in equilibrium, but also in a nonequilibrium stationary state, as well as the full counting statistics of charge and energy between the wires set at different temperatures and potentials. The two other models of quantum wire junction are based on Wess-Zumino-Witten theory (WZW). In the first one, the junction is described by a “cyclic brane” and in the second, by a “coset brane”. The results in the first case are as complete as for the free field, but the charges are fully transmitted from one wire to the next one. In the second case, the scattering is nontrivial, but the model turns out to be difficult to solve.The second part of the thesis studies the global gauge anomalies in “coset” models of CFT, realized as gauged WZW theories. The (almost) complete classification of such anomalies, that lead to some inconsistent coset models, is presented. It is based on Dynkin classification of subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.Finally, the third part of the thesis describes the geometric construction of index from unitary operator families obtained from valence band projectors of a two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulator. The index is related on one hand to the square root of the Wess-Zumino amplitude of such a family, and, on the other hand, it reproduces the Kane-Mele invariant of the insulator. The last identification requires a nontrivial argument that uses a new gauge anomaly of WZW models with boundary.The three parts of the thesis use similar geometrical tool of CFT, that permits to obtain several original results. The unity in the method, as well as the topic of anomalies, builds a bridge between the different components of the manuscript
Bardavid, Colas. "Schémas différentiels : approche géométrique et approche fonctoriel." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S027.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the theory - still under construction - of differential schemes. The aim of our work is to provide two new perspectives to this theory. The first perspective is geometric and consists in considering schemes en- dowed with vector fields instead of differential rings. In this context, we define what is a leaf and what is the trajectory of a point. With the help of these tools, we reinvest and generalize some results of differential Galois theory. Similarly, we show that the Carrà Ferro sheaf is the natural sheaf of the space of leaves of a scheme with vector field. It is also this approach that lead us to prove that, in the reduced case, the Kovacic and Keigher sheaves are isomorphic and that they have the same constant as the Carrà Ferro sheaf. The second perspective is functorial, and is based on the notion of scheme due to Toën and Vaquié. We prove that the category of differential schemes in the sense of these authors is equivalent to the category of schemes endowed with a vector field
Rifford, Ludovic. "Problèmes de stabilisation en théorie de contrôle." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10076.
Full textDjellali, Nadia. "Vers le contrôle géométrique de l'émission de microcavités laser à base de polymères." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00516337.
Full textRichard, Sébastien. "Reconstruction géométrique de la cornée par vidéokératographie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30040.
Full textThe goal is to rebuild in 3D the cornea starting from a digital image computed by videokeratography. Image is generated by illuminating a specularly reflective surface with a pattern of light with concentric rings, and captured by a camera video. Until now, algorithms used by videokeratographs are sometimes inaccurate. So we have developed a new methodology based on an ascending-descending analysis process. The ascending phase is based on the simulation of the videokeratography by backward ray tracing, and consists in rebuild the cornea starting from data resulting from a segmentation of the digital image. The result obtained is an approximate but robust solution. The descending phase is based on forward ray tracing, and consists in fitting the approximate model directly on digital image. One will thus obtains an accurate model representative of the patient's cornea
Lim, Seonhee. "Comptage de réseaux et rigidité entropique pour les actions de groupes sur des arbres et des immeubles." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112051.
Full textConoir, Jean-Marc. "Diffusion acoustique par un cylindre : théorie modale et approximation de l'acoustique géométrique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066123.
Full textBonnet, Benoît. "Optimal control in Wasserstein spaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0442.
Full textA wealth of mathematical tools allowing to model and analyse multi-agent systems has been brought forth as a consequence of recent developments in optimal transport theory. In this thesis, we extend for the first time several of these concepts to the framework of control theory. We prove several results on this topic, including Pontryagin optimality necessary conditions in Wasserstein spaces, intrinsic regularity properties of optimal solutions, sufficient conditions for different kinds of pattern formation, and an auxiliary result pertaining to singularity arrangements in Sub-Riemannian geometry