Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie politique du développement'
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Salmon, Claire. "Pouvoir syndical et développement : théorie et application au Bangladesh." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10198.
Full textRecent studies have shown that labour markets in developing countries may be characterized by a strong bargaining power. Union’s power in developing countries seems to be paradoxal as their labor markets are characterized by a high level of under-employment. Their has been a great deal of research on unionized labor markets in industrialized countries but almost none in developing countries. This thesis aims at proposing a framework for understanding union power in developing countries. It uses an empirical and theorical approach, based on the case of Bangladesh unionism. The primary focus of this thesis is to determinate the main characteristics of bargaining power in developing countries. We show that unions have a positive impact on wages, productivity and labor conditions. These conclusions result from both a survey of the recent literature dealing with this topic and a study based on Bangladesh data. The second objective of this thesis is to show that we can improve the understanding of bargaining power in developing countries simply by using the traditional micro-economic framework. We show, through a discussion of the main model of this literature, that unions in developing countries draw their power from their privileged relationship with the government. In the third axis of our work, we emphasize the political role of trade unions and we propose a political approach of their action. In this context, we first develop a rent-seeking model to explain how structural adjustment policies may have played a role in reducing the observed level of bargaining power in developing countries. Then, we propose a model based on game theory, which emphasizes the fact that the confusion of government objectives, both political and economic, may result in an increase in union power. It also explains how may occur both a political budget cycle and a strike cycle in developing country
Huang, Tianhua. "Théorie des pôles de développement et stratégie du développement économique de la Chine." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE21008.
Full textIn our days, the role of a development pole lies in the fact that this pole can exercise impulsion effets on it's environment and serve as engile for the development of a given unity. In order to succeed in applying the theory of development poles in the developping countries, on the one hand, the poles should be closely linked to their milieu; on the other hand, there should be volontary and coherent action for diffusing the impulsion effets producted by the poles. For more than thirty years, china has won tremendous success in her social and economic development; but, on the whole, the chinese economy has been still badly acticulated. The initial growth has produces little reaction; the modern industry development and the industrial urban centres development haven't brought about a correlative development in the other sectors and in the rural areas. In the future, china should aim at an integrated development
Abdallah, Tarak. "Essai sur les théories et les développements de la théorie économique arabe contemporaine." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100056.
Full textThis work is intended to present the economic literature that the contemporary Arab intellectuals have produced. The first part of this search will be consecrated at the themes-debates that sun up the essential of Arab economic write. The second part tries to place the Arab economic literature in comparison with the social and economic Arab realities. It's through genesis and metamorphosis of Arab intellectual movement since Islam advent, and through the birth of the modern national Arab state, that we try to analyze the construction, characteristics and evolution of this literature
Moukoko, Daniel. "La place de François Perroux dans la théorie du developpement." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40024.
Full textThe theory of development is now half-a-century old. Among the several authors that contributed to its emergence, F. Perroux stands foremost. The present study purports to show how original and rich perrouxian thinking is. Indeed, perroux offers both an explanation of the development/under-development phenomenon, and a plan for successful development. Perroux's account of under-development supplies the theory of development with three basic notions: domination, disarticulation and human cost. Economic development is analysed in terms of a process of concentration and propagation around poles of growth. Hence a hierarchical organisation of economic space. Taking the needs of populations into account, perroux places man at the very centre of the developmental process. Through his resorting to such notions as "economic power", "inequality", "economic and social structure", "domination", F. Perroux offers an explanation of economic development which reaches far beyond the bounds of traditional economic science. He thereby departs from neo-classical analysis and, on more counts than one, stands closer to keynesian analysis
De, Sousa Antonio Paulino. "Théorie et pratique de l'idéologie politique du développement : le cas de la surintendance du développement du Nord-Est (Sudène)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070003.
Full textThe context of this thesis is an analysis of the social conditions of production and practices of the political ideology of economic development in northeast Brazil. The political ideology of development is characterized by its considered obviousness which must be adhered to no questions asked. It thus carries out a social function via the proposition of unquestionable truths. The theoretical field of the sociology of economic knowledge provides the framework for this study of the social history of the political ideology of development using the example of the SUDENE. The social effects of economic knowledge and know-how which cannot be reduced to desinterested theoretical constructions but rather constitutes social forces at work in the social set-up, are studied. The Church has played a determining role in applying the economic politics of the northeast development. In this region of Brazil the State can be said to be absent and the northeast Church to have substituted itself for the State. The trajectory of Father Lebret is a good illustration of the success of this vulgarization of the polital ideology of development at work. The political ideology of development appears as a variant of enlightened conservatism while aiming at the pacification of social relations as in the case with hte social discourse of Father Lebret and also Dom Helder as inspired by the Church. .
Giovannoni, Olivier. "Croissance, répartition et politique économique : Théorie et application au cas des Etats-Unis." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0021.
Full textThe present Ph. D. Dissertation in economics presents and analyzes the theoretical and empirical relationships between growth, functional income distribution and economic policies. This research is divided in three parts discussing in turn economic theories, statistical tools and the results of those tools. The first chapter presents and analyzes the neoclassical and heterodox theories of growth and distribution and proposes a summing up in terms of (non)ergodicity. The second chapter presents the different available measures of income distribution and introduces several econometric models and their critique. The third chapter presents the results of two error-correction models for some key American macroeconomic variables. We distinguish between trends and cycles and show that the cyclical component of American government spending is identical to the cyclical component of corporate profits after tax. The concluding lines are that the remarkable performance of the United States is due to its countercyclical economic policy, allowing for its stability and the closing up of its macro model
Sékia, Farid. "Le développement régional à la lumière de la nouvelle théorie de la croissance." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL12014.
Full textPottier, Antonin. "L’économie dans l’impasse climatique : développement matériel, théorie immatérielle et utopie auto-stabilisatrice." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0052.
Full textGreenhouse gas emissions still grow unabated. Instead of blaming policy-makers for the implementation gap, I question the toolbox of neo-classical economists and restate the conundrum as: how inadequate is economic theory as a mental map for climate change? I identify turning points in the history of resource economics and exhibit a constant trend of forgetting the material embeddedness of the economy. Economists' use of the production function is based on a misunderstanding, as the Cambridge controversy shows that it has no technical content. The cost-benefit analysis, allegedly the only way to be positive, is favored to assess climate change, even if it relies on unknown relationships. Damage function extrapolates shared prejudices; the incessant controversy on discounting highlights the inconsistency of the macroeconomic framework. An analysis of a recent article explains how economics can operate this distanciation from reality: loose connections between the mathematical structure of a model, the words used to describe it and its numerical results leave extraordinary space for interpretation. I then explore the relationship between the economy, economics and ideology through the study of two symbols: the homo economicus and the market. The peculier status of economics and the economy in Western societies is traced back to the 18th century. The current prominence of the market enhances the inadequacy of economic theory to address climate change. The sociological phenomenon of climate-skepticism and the failed construction of carbon markets can be seen as impediments to mitigation induced by the market mentality
Andrieu, Kora. "Le libéralisme politique à l’épreuve des violences de masse : une théorie de la justice transitionnelle ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040131.
Full textWithin the contemporary debate on theories of justice, philosophers are increasingly debating the possibilities of applying these principles of justice to different situations from those envisioned by John Rawls, where “all other things are equal”. A new, unexplored, field of application is therefore emerging in the form of democratic transitions: what kind of justice should be applied in extreme situations to address “war of the gods” type of identity or "ethnic" conflicts, which were precisely those that liberalism was born to overcome? This “transitional justice”, as experts have already called it, includes retributive, restorative and economic aspects, and is often construed as forming a new general theory of justice. In this paper we would like to challenge this point of view and determine to what extent the “extreme case” of post-conflict societies forms a sort of empirical test for our intuitions with regard to political justice in general. Indeed, there appears to be a structural contradiction between the ends of transitional justice and the means used to achieve it. The very notion of transition implies a kind of teleology: we always transit “towards” something, and in the post-Cold War era in which transitional justice was born, the political horizon was always some form of liberal democracy. However, the means used by transitional justice often contradict this objective, with the use of tools and concepts that counter some of the fundamental principles of political liberalism. For instance, we might name the confusion between law and morality, the defense of positive freedom, a form of social holism, a “sentimentalization” of the public sphere, a therapeutic interpretation of rights, or a “thick”, substantial, conception of reconciliation - all of which seem to lead transitional justice more towards some form of political and moral perfectionism rather than to an entirely neutral and procedural form of liberalism. In this thesis therefore, we will attempt to understand to what extent the application of transitional justice to post-conflict societies (using a quasi-experimental methodology that will entail six different case studies: ex-Yugoslavia, Uganda, Rwanda, East Germany, South Africa and Timor Leste), could lead us to redefine and modify some of our strongest intuitions dealing with liberal political justice. The notion of capability, understood as a means of empowering victims of violence, will lead us to consider ways of reintroducing a certain ethical purpose to those “ends”, which political liberalism, in its traditional form, has abandoned. Faced with extreme forms of trauma and social pathologies, it seems that political and social organization needs a “thicker”, more substantial, conception of morality and of what constitutes mankind's humanity – one that Rawls’ strictly procedural liberalism cannot provide
Pirrone, Claudio. "Théorie du développement territorial dans une économie de satiété." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787507.
Full textZiel, Jérôme. "Théorie de l'entrepreneur et faits économiques : élements d'analyse tirés des expériences japonaise, chinoise, indienne et coréenne." Littoral, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DUNK0030.
Full textDoes the economic movement create the entrepreneur? Or, on the contrary, does the entrepreneur create the economic movement? We propose to demonstrate that the entrepreneur, the main capitalism agent, is a social construction, which is backed by the European free market theory. In Europe, free market economists assert that the entrepreneur is the economy engine. This conception is criticized by their adversaries, who are putting forward the capitalist logic, characterized by big firm domination which involves entrepreneur disappearance and its replacement by a specialist team (managers) and financed by absentee owners (shareholders). This phenomena illustrates the socialization process of the capitalist production (market exchange intensification, spread of labor division, socialization of the entreprise capital). The heroic entrepreneur of the early period of industrialization gives room to the socialized entrepreneur, whose liberty of action rests on big firm strategies and public policy measures, alternatively stimulating whether big firms whether small enterprises. In Asia, the criticism of the entrepreneur is rooted in the Confucian tradition : the merchant is criticized for his individualism. The bad image of the entrepreneur remains intact even during the industrialization, led almost exclusively by the State. It is only since 1980’s that the entrepreneur has imposed himself in the Asian thought, under the criticism of free market economists who denounce State intervention in favor of individual initiative. As a matter of fact, great firms and the State, not the entrepreneur, are at the origin of the Asian economic prosperity. However, despite the concentration of Asian economies, the entrepreneur is emerging, under a socialized form, thanks to crisis
Guéant, Olivier. "Théorie des jeux à champ moyen et applications économiques : second sujet : Taux d’escompte et développement durable." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090069.
Full textIntroduced by J. -M. Lasry and P. -L. Lions, mean field games simplify models of economic interactions, using an approach inspired from physics. Economic applications are presented concerning labor market ecoomics, portfolio management, population(s) distribution issues and growth theory. The models use different types of mean field games, either static or dynamic, with either a discrete or a continuous state space, either in a deterministic or in a stochastic setting. Several stability notions are discussed and eductive stability plays an important part since numerical methods are inspired from this stability notion. We indeed present numerical methods to solve mean field games for both stationary and dynamic problems and eductive stability allows us to circumvent the difficulty linked to the forward/backward structure. After the chapters on mean field games, we deal with the issue regarding the right discount rate to be used for sustainable development projects. We discuss the notion of ecological discount rate introduced by R. Guesnerie and exhibit new continuity properties for the non-asymptotic rates
Eparvier, Patrick. "Théories de la croissance endogène et théories évolutionnistes : un exemple de concurrence théorique et empirique en sciences économiques." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/eparvier_p.
Full textWith the endogenous growth theories and the evolutionary theories, growth and technical change analysis has been facing important theoretical developments since the mid eighties. One subject shared by the two theories concerns the links between the economic growth of countries and their innovation activities. The fact that two theories deal with the same questions raises two problems. The first is a methodological one and is about the theoretical confrontation in economics, as well as the ability of the theories to explain and illustrate a certain number of stylised facts. The second is a normative one and refers to choices of policy recommendations to enhance innovation and growth. The existence of different recommendations, on the same issues, from these theories induces another level of competition. This work is a theoretical and empirical comparison of these two theories and proposes some reflections on competition of their policy recommendations
Angaoui, Moulay Ahmed. "Monnaie et efficacité dans les développements récents de la théorie de l'équilibre général." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0003.
Full textOur work is a critical study devoted to the relation between money and market efficiency which is an important concern of some recent developments of general equilibrium theory. Specifically, we examine models built in the idea to get away from arrow-debreu scheme by incorporating frictions such as transaction costs, "double infinity", incertainty ant the "double coincidance" problem. We show that those models do not establish a robust and unambigu link between money and efficiency
Laget, Marc. "Seuils de décentralisation et efficience : la localité comme espace d'intelligence du développement." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10045.
Full textAfter a long period of centralization of economic and political systems. Which has started with the industrial revolution, our society might be enhanced in the opposite way, which should be in relationship to the revolution of communication. Because local systems become able to undertake modern information and communication networks, they can manage low-entropy decentralized development processes. The aim of this work consists in giving some evaluation items of entropy levels related to different economic systems and to appreciate how it should be possible to improve information and communication in order to keep within acceptable limits the level of this entropy
Salmon, Jean-Michel. "Chômage et politique économique dans les petites économies insulaires en développement : théorie et application à La Barbade, Trinidad et Tobago et l'Ile Maurice." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010008.
Full textThe small island developing countries (SIDC) have a small population of less than one million inhabitants and a small area. The long distance to the main economic markets and the characteristics of insularity lead to a costly accessibility. The conjunction of small size and bad accessibility brings about stynergetic effects at the orign of specific structural features of SIDC. For example, the small volume of production prevents the gains associated with scale economies ; a strong openness with high concentration of exports ; specialisation in tradable services. . . The growth impact of these particularities is not clear: the growth rate of SIDC is not inferior to that of other developing countries, and most often they belong to the middle income range. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of economic policy in SIDC is subject ot some limits : in particular, structural unemployment is very high in most islands. The aim of our analysis is to find out the determinants of unemployment in these islands. The recent theories of unemployment in developed countries and the treatment of employment in the development litterature are surveyed. An econometric model with autoregressive vectors is applied to the dynamics of the init cost of labor and the employment in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritus. It is shown that in small income SIDC, the economy can follow the first stage of export-led development. In higher income SIDC, the high level of wages prevents this strategy, and growth can be explained by services exports or primary rent exports, and influenced by strong keynesian forces
Ragot, Lionel. "Croissance économique durable et pollution : un essai d'interprétation formalisée." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010038.
Full textThe recent literature on exogenous and endogenous growth with pollution brings two important elements : the necessity to impose ad hoc conditions to insure the sustainability of the growth and the minor role played by the consumer in the determination of a more environmental friedly growth. We develop a dynamic applied general equilibrium model based on two types of consumption goods : "clean" or "green" ones, and "dirty" ones. Furthermore, a parameter of preference for "green" products is introduced in the utility function. We describe the long term and dynamic impact that fiscal shocks (changes in vat rates, modification of taxes placed on wastes) exhibit on the various macroeconomic and environmental variables. We develop a continous time model of endogenous growth based on innovation on consumption goods. The feature of this model is to consider two types of goods : "dirty" ones whose production brings about flows of polluants, and "green" ones with no effect on the environment. Moreover a parameter of preference for the green products is introduced besides the taste for diversity. We describe the dynamics of the model when this parameter is endogenous. Public authorities, if they make consumers more sensitive to the environment (for instance by information campaign), may improve the quality of the environment without appealing to restricting instruments like taxation or standards. This model, in discrete time and without any modification of the functionnal forms, can exhibit cyclic or chaotic dynamics for appropriately chosen sensibility parameter. We can describe this as an optimal behaviour of intermittent reductions in "dirty" goods consumption designed to reduce the burden on the environment and give its self-regenerative powers time to degrade the accumulated load of wastes
Ventelou, Bruno. "Equilibres politico-économiques et croissance : l'hypothèse de prévarication gouvernementale." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0043.
Full textEndogeneous growth theory shows that public intervention in growth process could be pareto-improving. Therefore, institutional and political aspects of public choices become a basic point in the ability of a society to generate substantial growth. This thesis intend to investigate the conditions of the political equilibrium -w e use game theory applied to electoral process analysis -, and then, to examine its interactions with the endogeneous growth equilibrium. Growth will be the result of a political-economic equilibrium, sustained by the "corruption hypothesis" as a behaviour rule for government. Several interesting results will be obtained in different chapters: optimal periodicity for elections; political parties function and conditions for political credibility; relations between inequality, clientelism and growth. In a final point, the question of political feasibility of economic transition programs (structural ajustement programs) will be dealt with
Boukari, Mamane. "La théorie de la libéralisation financière face aux enjeux du financement du développement en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0376/document.
Full textConference on Financing for Development in Monterrey in 2002 brings a new dimension to the issue of financing for development, which is available across a broad funding approach integrating key areas: mobilizing domestic financial resources and other inputs external capital (direct investment, official development assistance, debt relief, remittances from migrants) and finally, review the international monetary and financial system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze this funding approach based on the concept of financial liberalization. The aim is firstly to highlight the role of finance in economic development through the study of causality between finance and economic development. Next, we revisit the financial liberalization policies by emphasizing the study of their impact through the analysis of internal and external resources for financing development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis will focus on mobilizing domestic resources through the tax system and the mobilization of external resources through the liberalization of the domestic financial system. Finally, under the condition of combined financial underdevelopment in the economic underdevelopment of these countries, we show the need for a different approach to financing that is more comprehensive. This alternative policy through political from economic heterodoxy integrating elements of historical institutionalism and post-Keynesian theory
Pillot, Julien. "Les critères d'activation de la théorie des facilités essentielles : une analyse économique de la pratique décisionnelle des autorités de concurrence." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0046.
Full textOpenly introduced in European competition law during the early 1990s, the Essential Facilities Doctrine is a legal doctrine whose application is highly debated amongst economists. In giving antitrust authorities a chance to challenge property rights in order to promote competition, its enforcement shall not be neutral with respect to private incentive to invest and innovate. While seeking for consistency in competition authorities’ decisional practice, this PhD dissertation aims at reducing uncertainties flowing from the very application of the rule. Related theoretical debates are spotlighted through an economic analysis of the French competition authority’s case-law
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Full textTrani, Béatrice. "Trois essais sur les théories du chômage." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0030.
Full textBonetto, Fabienne. "Etat et croissance endogène : analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des investissements publics." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0045.
Full textKechaou, Mondher. "Les modèles de boom sectoriel : essai d'analyses théorique et empirique." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0025.
Full textBernard, Cristèle. "La Construction des indicateurs dans les évaluations des politiques publiques d’aide au développement." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30024.
Full textThe index building in evaluation of development aid public policies can contribute to define the exchange and link between African and western countries. By the diversity of methods and negotiation of standards, building indicators become stakes in defining political views of development. It is now necessary from the point of view of the political science, to deconstruct the system of monopoly by introducing index building in the field of negotiation, as well as the field of political power. This research is about the political content of index, their absence of neutrality in political project, states vision and finally in policy
Makaou, Mahamane. "Politique de change et performances de croissance dans les pays en développement : analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA123003.
Full textThis work assesses the contribution of the exchange rate policy to growth and its effect on the investment and export rates. The exchange rate policy is successively defined as the depreciation of effective nominal and real rates, as the monetary under-valuation resulting or not from the Balassa effect, and as the misalignment generally caused by unsustainable macroeconomic policies. The study concerns 83 developing countries of subsaharian Africa, north Africa, the Middle East, Asia and latin America over the 1970-1995 period. The effect of the exchange rate policy on growth is analyzed using the convergence model (Mankiw-Romer-Weil, 1992) : besides the other determinants of growth, the different kinds of exchange rate policy indicators are introduced. The models are then estimated using the method of panel data series on a fixed effects procedure. The estimations reveal an under-valuation on the real exchange rates in most african countries but then justified by the Balassa effect, whereas asian countries deliberately under-value their exchange rates. The north african and middle east countries have a level of exchange rate in accordance with their development level. The results also reveal an over-valuation resulting from variations in the terms of trade and from foreign capital inflows, particularly in the 70s. The nominal depreciation has a negative effect and appears to have threshold effects tied to growth, whereas the Balassa residual and the misalignment indicator have positive effects on growth and also on investment and export rates
Pierre, Matari. "Accumulation du capital, développement du capital financier et endettement extérieur en Amérique Latine : Théorie et histoire (1860-1930 et 1989-2002)." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131001.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the relationship between the processes of capital accumulation and external debt in Latin America during two periods (before the crisis of 1929 and after the crisis of 1982). In the first section, the thesis analyzes the role of financial capital in the accumulation process in order to draw attention to the mechanisms and the meaning of the different debt relations. Starting from a definition of financial capital as a sphere which monopolizes the organization of all monetary transactions, we analyze the development of the credit system and the international loan system. Theses procedures are examined from the perspective of the needs in each phase of the reproduction process as well as the State’s needs for financing. The first part concludes with the analysis of the factors on credit market and financial capital’s relative autonomy related to production and trade. In the second section we will consider the specific forms of relationship between capital accumulation and external debt in Latin America between 1860 and 1930 and between 1989 and 2002. Starting from the development of wage labor and from State function in those economies, we study the role of various forms of external credit in these processes of accumulation as well as their role in the definition of monetary policy, granting a special emphasis in the last chapter to Argentina’s currency board between 1991 and 2002
Boukhris, Leïth. "La politique des dividendes en pays en voie de développement, cas de la Tunisie : théories et pratiques." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090004.
Full textIn our thesis, we attempt to analyses, to what extent, in the context of the Tunisian economy, the dividend policy may be an development instrument able to conciliate the often conflicting interests between firms and savers, and the effectiveness of its role in the evolution of the financing system of the economy towards a predominance of direct finance and capital stock. This point of view has leaded us to: -analyses the dividend policy in Tunisia through the evolution of financial theory. Study the relationship between the dividend policy and the state of the capital market. - combine the components of the Tunisian fiscal system with a financial analysis of the dividend policy
Lamari, Siham. "Economie solidaire et développement local : quelques expériences marocaines." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0195.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the role of the interdependent economy in the local development. It highlights the relevance if the north-south approaches that value the concept of territory in the interdependent economy process. This demonstration is elaborated in connection with the concept of uncertainty and its treatment by the institutionalism theory. To do so, it highlights the incompleteness of the paradigm of market and the failures of the development models “from the top”. This first step will emphasize and explores the diversity and the plurality of local practices. It is from this research that it addresses the new local development pratices. Lastly, this theoretical argumentation finds its empirical illustration in the micro-credit and in the practical experiments resulting from the changes in Morocco’s today. Finally, this thesis develops an approach that humanizes economic development by demonstrating that the social bond that destroyed the market has become vital not only for the company but also for the economy itself
Catroux, Xavier. "La théorie bergsonienne de la personnalité et le rôle qu'a joué la réfutation de l'associationnisme dans son élaboration." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3006.
Full textAssociationism whose inadequacies have been revealed by Bergson can be identified with Stuart Mill's and Taine's philosophies of the mind who develop ontologies of plurality: the ego consists in association of states of consciousness. Bergson shows in Time and freewill that the ego is actually made of his own psychic states of consciousness' multiplicity though these multiplicity is not numerical but qualitative. The refuting of associationism, grounded on the opposition between surface and depth of the ego, increases the difficulty of understanding the reality of the external world and our own personality. In Matter and memory Bergson neglects the model of personality, inspired by Aristotle's theory of the place, which was essential in Time and freewill to adopt a neoplatonist model: Plotinius third hypostasis. Personality is eventually acknowledged by Bergson, from 1903, as the intuition's first object and is therefore endowed with a form of substantiality
Zacharie, Arnaud. "L'impact des politiques internationales de financement du développement sur les marges de manoeuvre politiques (policy space) des pays en développement: une étude selon la grille d'analyse centre/périphérie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209407.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Meddeb, Ali. "Analyse théorique et statistique du phénomène de l'émergence financière." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10031.
Full textTshilumba, Kalombo Muadiamvita Gilbert. "Les idéologies politiques africaines: mythe du pouvoir ou instance du développement ?réflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210475.
Full textRéflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice.
Panafricanisme, négritude, consciencisme, socialisme et nationalisme ont eu en gros sur le sol africain, une double mission :-délivrer les pays du joug colonial
sortir ces pays du sous-développement par un travail d’une
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Doctorat en Philosophie
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Meunié, André Jean. "La soutenabilité de la croissance économique : le cas de la Chine : analyse théorique et vérifications empiriques." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40042.
Full textSemal, Luc. "Militer à l’ombre des catastrophes : contribution à une théorie politique environnementale au prisme des mobilisations de la décroissance et de la transition." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20009/document.
Full textDuring the 2000’s decade, two social movements, the décroissance movement in France and Transition Towns in the United- Kingdom, have contributed, both in parallel, to a renewal of the green political landscape. This thesis is an international comparative analysis of these two movements, which were first distinct, then progressively overlapped as they evolved to become international. This research will focus in particular on the catastrophist dimension of these two movements, understood as a form of political thought based on the anticipation of major ecological shifts (peak oil, climatechange, ecosystems collapse, etc.) that would put an end to the modern version of the democratic project. Far from being an intellectual framework only, catastrophism also gives rise to experimental deliberative practices that put into question the hypothesis of continuity that generally pervades theories of democracy.The analysis of these two movements aims at proposing new material to provide for a theoretical reflection on the intellectual tools that political science uses to investigate the ecological embeddedness of political communities. Dwelling on the pioneer work of green political theory, we will suggest that a théorie politique environnementale could contribute to reconsider theories of democracy, with an invitation for them to fit within the framework of the global ecological disruption
Hassanzadeh, Dastjerdi Raheleh. "Les obstacles institutionnels au développement économique de l’Iran." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100044.
Full textNumerous economic studies, carried out in recent years, prove the importance of the local institutions in economic development and growth in a country. The quality of institutional environment that determines the level of transaction costs, depends on the efficiency and performance of political, economic and cultural institutions. The legal and juridical system also has its own role in the overall economic performance. In this research, the potential obstacles for economic development of Iran in context of the neo institutionalism theory are analyzed, also, the relationship of these obstacles with the legal system, that has not been able to provide economic actors, the protection of property rights and enforcement of contracts that enables the minimization of transaction costs in development of complex trading processes. The property and contract rights of the Iranian legal system does not sufficiently secure the economic actors in their entrepreneurial approaches, i.e. the economic actors do not have access to an appropriate legal framework that offers the required supports to them. The development strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran, which are foreseen in Constitution, implemented by legislative, executive and judicial officials are also evaluated as the sources of these obstacles, and reasons for the lack of conditions creation for setting up political plans that lead the institutional foundations toward more efficiency
Dongotou, Thimoté. "Les dynamiques d'intégration économique et monétaire en zone franc à l'heure de l'euro et développement institutionnel." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0145.
Full textThesis devotes itself for object to introduce, in touch with economic crisises, dynamics of incorporation in franc area at time of the euro. Group is constructed around four parties: I/ The franc area as plan of incorporation and economic development (historical and progressive approach). II/ Approach incorporation by the taxation and rules; III/ monetary creation in Africain franc area (AFA) « conditions and scenarioes »; IV/ new economic regulations and political economics of incorporation. Method consists in mobilizing numerous theoretical and empiritical analyses, in partie of an important reading. On the other hand, the author does not work out an original job of an empiritical or econometric point of view. The method is applied to several objets spotted within the franc area African and mobilizes the existent of jobs of heterodox of keynesian, marxist, inspiration, regulationniste, conventionaliste, evolutionist. Thesis concludes that the Franc area as organization sui generis is not an optimum monetary zone; that a harmonization of the taxation is necessary and that the heterodox theory of public finances borrowed from jobs of post keynesian authors and circuitists few-to be applied in PVD and in ZF A; that the analysis of the currency supranational and scenarioes of intended of the African franc area seem to be accomplishable only the skyline distant
Natielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso de 1991 à nos jours : entre stabilité politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869173.
Full textTykhonenko, Anna. "Convergence réelle des pays de l'Est en transition : analyse empirique des processus de convergence à la lumière des développements récents de la théorie de la croissance." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0057.
Full textThe EU elargement towards the East remains an ambitious project : disparities of the revenus per habita (as well within the PECO as with the EU members) can blame the feasibility of the Europe with homogeneous growth. Thus, the object of the thesis is to check the existence of the real convergence process between the European countries, made possible thanks to the catching-up process of the transition economy. If real convergence is empirically checked, at which speed is it done and which are the relevant variables to describe its mechanism? Thanks to the theoretical and empirical lessons, several hypothesis of the real convergence (beta and sigma) are released in order to be tested on the cross-section and on the panel data. The both empirical approaches let to obtain the convergent conclusions. Indeed, the results tend to the beta-conditional convergence. In panel data, in particular, the heterogeneity of the convergence rates contradict the thesis on the uniformity of the catching-up process in the Eastern Europe. Thus, the EU enlargement seems to lead to the "Europe at several speeds"
Valeonti, Sofia. "La politique monétaire de la période de la Reconstruction aux États-Unis (1865-1879) : enjeux, théories, débats." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E012.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical reconstruction of the monetary debate that took place during the U.S. Reconstruction period by studying the writings of Henry Charles Carey, Hugh McCulloch, Simon Newcomb, and John Sherman. It traces the links between the policy proposals of each writer, their political economy, and their vision of economic development. A prerequisite to tracing those links was a clear identification of the main money question of the period: the greenback – the fiat, legal-tender, paper money issued by the Union as a means to finance the Civil War. Also necessary was an explanation of how the monetary debate became an arena for expressing antagonistic political visions. The first chapter offers both an identification and explanation. The following chapters then analyze the writings of the main participants of the debate. Chapter 2 focuses on Carey’s monetary theory and shows that his theory led him to deduce that maintaining both a greenback monetary standard and protectionism would make it possible to build a permanent union, while establishing national independence. On the opposite side of the debate were those who advocated for a resumption of specie payments, among them McCulloch, Newcomb, and Sherman. Chapter 3 examines McCulloch and Sherman’s position in the debate and provides evidence that it was informed by their vision of economic development, a vision that aimed to promote U.S. international integration. The fourth chapter centers on Newcomb’s methodology and the monetary theory that results from its application, a theory that offers an analytical framework to those who defended the resumption of specie payments
Eggoh, Jude Comlanvi. "Croissance économique et développement financier : éléments d'analyse théorique et empirique." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0506/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relationship between financial development and growth through theoretical and empirical assessments. (i) The theoretical contribution can be sum up in three points: at first we show by means of a simple model of endogenous growth that financial development and growth relationship can be characterized by multiple balances. Then, using overlapping generation’s model, we find that financial equilibrium is better than non financial equilibrium as far as the share of income invested and growth are more raised at the level of the first balance than the second. Finally, by taking into account financial innovation in endogenous growth model, we show that the allocation of productive resources in financial sector increases its efficiency and the externality effect on real sector, which improve the economic growth. (ii) The empirical assessments show at first a positive link between finance and growth. In spite of the relationship between financial development and its instability, this last has negative impact on growth only in short run. As for the causality between both variables, it is bi-directional as well in developed and developing countries. Finally, we show that finance and growth relationship is non-linear; what confirms theoretical results obtained through the multiple balances. The non-linearity can depend not only on structural parameters, but also on economic policies. Then, we can identify the structural characteristics and the economic policies that allow narrow relationship between real and financial sectors
Bardi, Wajdi. "Le rôle structurant de l'Etat en vue du développement économique à travers les théories de la croissance endogène : Etude de cas de quelques pays méditerranéens." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0028.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis throws light on the active and positive roles of government, in the process of economic liberalization, and in the determination of economic growth. The "optimal government" invented by endogenous growth theories has an important role in constituting the economic supply. In other words, the structural role of government in accumulating human capital, technological capital and public capital and in adding some accompaniment policies, stresses the permanent influence on economic growth. Financial development policy has an important role in the mobilization of scarce resources to productive employment. According the rise in globalisation, the regionalism phenomenon has marked the global economy these last years. The MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries hope to constitute a regional integration zone where the European union is the principal partner in their strategies. The economics policies to reinforce productive capacity in the economy have positive effects on economic growth. Hence it is very interesting to study this policy or auxillary variables in the determination of economic growth. The choice of the panel data method is justified for studies in Mediterranean economics. The results show that public investment in education, wealth and infrastructure and the openness variable positively affects the growth rate in our sample
Ehrhart, Christophe. "Répartition des revenus et des richesses et développement économique : Analyse théorique et études empiriques : le cas de l'Amérique latine et de l'Asie de l'Est." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0035.
Full textThe aim of this research is to show that, at the time of the choice of the strategy for reducing poverty, the policymakers are brought to determine the relative importance which they assign to the accumulation of new assets compared to the redistribution of existing assets. Thus, three main questions guide our analysis of the relationship between inequality, growth and development:in countries with low levels of development, does economic growth result in a more unequal distribution of income, and is it necessary for per capita income to reach a certain minimum level before income inequality begins to decrease? Do countries with unequal distribution of income and wealth experience slower economic growth than more egalitarian countries? Should governments envisage adopting redistributive policies to improve the lot of the poor?
Benbouzid, Bilel. "La prévention situationnelle : genèse et développement d’une science pratique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20057/document.
Full textIn many countries today, situational crime prevention is a strategic research sector in the battle against crime. Originating within the Home Office Research Unit in the UK during the mid 1970s, this ‘new technology’ has the purpose of developing crime prevention solutions by intervening in situations where crime commonly occurs. What has now come to be called “crime science” is based on an array of practical knowledge, evolves between research laboratories and various professional sectors (police, town planning, etc.), uses evidence-based research, and implements its theoretical discoveries in socio-technical innovations (prevention and risk reduction systems). This thesis retraces the development of situational crime prevention technology to have a closer look at the controversies from which it takes its shape. By describing this crime science-in-the-making, from state laboratories and international policy transfers, from research studies and instrumentation, we reveal all the entities (researchers, government, theories, instruments, statistical classes, risk models, offenders, victims, technical standards, etc.) to which situational crime prevention has become tied, and untied. Thus, we demonstrate that concrete links weaved between researchers and their different allies go far beyond personal relationships, touching the very core of the technology. As such, situational crime prevention is constituted as a collective, political entity
Dusepulchre, Gaëlle. "Politique européenne de coopération au développement et relations extérieures: des droits de l'homme à la bonne gouvernance, impact de l'interdépendance du droit et du politique sur le choix des instruments de régulation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210587.
Full textThe study related to both EU tools, affecting its external aid policies and contributing to its human rights strategy :conditionality and governance. One of the main critic that the doctrine addresses to EU conditionality, is its incapacity to lead to an external aid free of geopolitical considerations and acting to protect and promote effectively the human rights. The doctrine explains this weakness by pointing out the mechanism of conditionality’s lack of clearness and previsibility. Despite this critic is pleading for a more legalized mechanism, the governance strategy reveals that the Union did not choose such a solution.Then, dividing the study into two parts, the first assigned to conditional mechanism and the second assigned to governance, I’m asking the reason why a less legalized mecanism succeeded to conditionality. Based on cooperation agreements, strategic orientations, EU practice and the international relations theories, the study tends to reveal the assets and limits of the two strategies. It appears that the legalization process of conditionality can be explained by specific needs but it encountered various limits. At the same times, while strategy based on Governance adresses some of them, this new tool reveals new questions.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fruleux, Mathieu. "La dimension sectorielle du blocage d'une redéfinition du mode de régulation et les perspectives de développement au Brésil : une étude de cas de la filière sucre-énergie." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0037/document.
Full textThis work analyzes the weight of agribusiness as an explanatory variable of the unsustainable character of the distributive inflexion of Brazil’s growth regime. It specifies its importance in the mode of regulation by the one it recovers in what we call an economic government of the actors’ game. This concept defines the set of arrangements seeking to modify the features of economic actors, their interaction and their relations to the authorities according to objectives which refer to a precise governmental intentionality in societal terms. It is showed that is established in this way a governance of the agribusiness’ actors which ensures the reproduction of its power in some sectorial and territorial regulations. The study of this governance links its institutional and organizational action to the one of the governmentality by characterizing the role of beliefs and theoretical models established in theoretical references of public policies. This analysis is structured in two parts. A first one revises the literature on the limits to growth simultaneously as it characterizes its influence as reference of the economic policy. A second part develops a case study of the sugar-energy chain, one of the leadings of agribusiness. This one uncovers the changes and the uncertainties of the chain’s economic regime of functioning that induced its new governance. We conclude that the distributive intentionality of the economic government of the Workers’ Party did not give rise to a corresponding governance of actors of a re-industrialization conversely to the objective of growth of primary exports
Hanchane, Hicham. "Investissement direct étranger, capital humain et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : une proposition théorique et approches empirique [sic] de validations à l’aide des données de panel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2001.
Full textThis work of thesis concentrates on the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the economic growth of developing countries. It is interested both in the theoretical aspect of the subject by using the models of endogenous growth and in its empirical aspect by using econometrics of the panel data. The theoretical and empirical literature confirms the positive impact of these flows of FDI on the economic growth of the host countries. According to the model I propose in the third chapter, this impact however is not always positive on the economy of the host countries. Indeed, the FDI can have a negative effect on the developing countries, if the technological difference between the multinational firms and the local firms is large and if these latter do not have a level of sufficient qualified labour. The empirical study, while using the econometrics of the panel data on 30 developing countries observed from 1982 to 1996, confirms these theoretical predictions. In order to obtain more robust results I varied the methods of specification of heterogeneity non observed (instrumental variable (IV) and GMM within the static and dynamic framework)
Phan, Van Thuy. "Les stratégies de développement du touristique : le cas de la ville de Huê (Vietnam)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0007.
Full textTourism Destination Competitiveness is a new concept in Vietnam and Laos, no study on this subject carried out in the context of heritage cities (in Vietnam and Laos). This study mainly uses the Tourism Destination Competitiveness (CTD) model of Ritchie and Crouch (2003) to analyze the competitiveness of three heritage cities in Southeast Asia: Hue (Vietnam), Hoi An (Vietnam), and Luang Prabang (Laos). To this end, using 7 criteria and 51 sub-criteria, this research applies the Fuzzy Number and the model in Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach allows to classify these three destinations.This empirical study was based on a two-step procedure. The first step consisted of applying the Fuzzy Number to analyze the CTD of three mentioned destinations. At the second step, the TOPSIS process was applied to the ranking analysis. The TOPSIS provided not only the ranking of the 3 destinations according to 7 criteria, but also the final general classification among the sub-criteria. Finally, managerial implications for three studied cities to improve their tourism competitiveness were discussed. The results showed that the Fuzzy Number in TOPSIS can be implemented as an effective approach for the CTD evaluation.Key words: Tourism Destination Competitiveness, Fuzzy Number, Fuzzy Number in TOPSIS, Crouch and Ritchie model
Allek, Fayssal. "Une approche pour les compétences fondamentales du développement d’une entreprise sur un nouveau marché : cas de compétences technologiques." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0662.
Full textDelsart, Virginie. "Le développement contemporain de la flexibilité du travail et de l'emploi : une interprétation analytique d'une énigme historique." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b617e299-1742-4b92-a801-ffa5b20f33fd.
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