Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie quantique relativiste'
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Forets, Irurtia Marcelo Alejandro. "Marches quantiques et mécanique quantique relativiste." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM028/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the development of two well-known models of computation for their application in quantum computer simulations. These models are the quantum walk (QW) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) models, and they constitute doubly strategic topics in this respect. First, they are privileged mathematical settings in which to encode the description of the actual physical system to be simulated. Second, they offer an experimentally viable architecture for actual physical devices performing the simulation.For QWs, we prove precise error bounds and convergence rates of the discrete scheme towards the Dirac equation, thus validating the QW as a quantum simulation scheme. Furthermore, for both models we formulate a notion of discrete Lorentz covariance, which admits a diagrammatic representation in terms of local, circuit equivalence rules. We also study the continuum limit of a wide class of QWs, and show that it leads to a class of PDEs which includes the Hamiltonian form of the massive Dirac equation in (1+1)-dimensional curved spacetime.Finally, we study the two particle sector of a QCA. We find the conditions for the existence of discrete spectrum (interpretable as molecular binding) for short-range and for long-range interactions. This is achieved using perturbation techniques of trace class operators and spectral analysis of unitary operators
Harrivel, Ramiaramanana Dikanaina. "Théorie des champs : approche multisymplectique de la quantification, théorie perturbative et application." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0027.
Full textThe main subject of this thesis is the study of the Klein-Gordon equation together with an interaction term and the quantization of this theory from the multisymplectic point of view. Multisymplectic geometry provides a general framework for a covariant finite dimensional Hamiltonian formulation of variational problems with several variables. In the first part we study the linear Klein-Gordon equation (free fields). We propose a description of the canonical quantization of free fiels from the multisymplectic point of view. We investigate three approachs : the algebraic approach by giving a representation of the Lie algebra of the symetries, the deformation point of view and finally we introduce a notion of multisymplectic geometric quantization. In the second part we study the classical Øp-theory. First we define explicitely a conserved quantity using a perturbative expansion based on planar trees and a kind of Feynman rule. Then we link this expansion with Butcher series which describe the perturbative expansion of the solutions of some PDE and we show how Butcher series can be related to perturbative quantum theory. Finally we see how we can apply our result in order to solve problems from control theory
Diaz, Alonso Joaquin. "Première partie: analyse quantique relativiste de la matière denseDeuxième partie : quelques problèmes en physique mathématique." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077030.
Full textRota, Nodari Simona. "Etude mathématique de modèles non linéaires issus de la physique quantique relativiste." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7233.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of two nonlinear relativistic quantum models. In the first part, we prove by a perturbation method the existence of solutions of the coupled Einstein–Dirac–Maxwell equations for a static, spherically symmetric system of two fermions in a singlet spinor state and for a weak electromagnetic coupling. In the second part, we study a relativistic mean-field model that describes the behavior of nucleons in the atomic nucleus. We provide a condition that ensures the existence of a ground state solution of the relativistic mean-field equations in a static case; in particular, we relate the existence of critical points of a strongly indefinite energy functional to strict concentration-compactness inequalities
Paquier, Julien. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité relativiste à séparation de portée." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS059.
Full textThis PhD thesis constitutes a contribution to the relativistic extension of the range-separated density functional theory scheme, by combining a relativistic four-component wave function calculation for the long-range contribution with a complementary relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functional based on the no-pair Dirac-Coulomb or Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. We have studied properties of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas in the no-pair approximation to develop relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functionals at the local density approximation (LDA) level. We have implemented a four-component range-separated density functional code as a plugin in the software QUANTUM PACKAGE 2.0 to test these functionals. We have extended the relativistic short-range exchange density functional to the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) level. Finally, we have pointed out the important role of the on-top exchange pair density in the correct evaluation of the exchange energy at very short-range
Almoukhalalati, Adel. "Applications of variational perturbation theory in relativistic molecular quantum mechanics." Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30172.
Full textThe father of relativistic quantum mechan ics P. A. M. Dirac predicted that, the more realistic version of quantum mechanics that he established wouId not offer much more when compared to the non-relativistic formulation of quantum mechanics when applied to ordinary atomic and molecular systems. When the relativistic quantum theory was around forty years old, people had started to recognize how important relativistic effects can beeven for the study of atomic and molecular systems. Relativistic effects are manifested via the contraction of atomics and p orbitais, the expansion of atomic d and 1 orbitais, and spin-orbit coupling. A classical example on t he importance of relativistic effects is the band struct ure of metallic gold for which non-relativistic caleulations will lead to an overestimation of the 5d-6p gap predicting a UV absorption band which is compatible with a metal that looks like silver. The thesis focuses on the atomic and molecular calculations within the 4-component relativistic framework. Ln particular, the use of the variational perturbation theory in relativistic framework. The perturbation theory in quantum mechanics is based on partitioning the Hamiltonian H into zeroth-order Hamiltonian Ho and V that forms the perturbation through a para meter lambda. Ln many-body (Rayleigh-Sch rodinger) perturbation theory, we have an exact solution of t he Hamiltonian l/0 , whereas in the variational perturbation theory, we assume to have anoptimized energy for any value of the parameter À. The thesis contains two principal projects, the first project concerns the description of the electron correlation in the relativistic framework. Ln this project , we focused on the perturbative approach to derive t he relativistic formulas nece~sary for the energy in two-electron atoms. T hecorrelation energy is the difference between the exact eigenvalue of the Ha mi ltonian and its expectation value in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The exact eigenvalue is not avail able, but in the non- relativistic domain t he best solution is a full Cl for a given basis. Our main goal, in this project , will be to show that the best solution of the wave equation for the embedded Dirac-Coulomb Hamil tonian, is not a Full Cl, as in thenon- relativistic case, but a MCSCF which uses a Cl development in positive-energy orbitais only, but which keeps rotations between the positive and negative energy orbitais to optimize the projection operator. The second project concerns a study of the effects of t he nuclear volume in the vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules. Ln the early 80s, Theg roup of Professor Eberhardt Tiemann in Hanover used the rotational spectroscopy with high resolution to study a series of diatomic molecules containing heavy a toms like lead in order to establish spectroscopie constants (R. Bond length, vibrational frequency W c etc. ) with a great precision. A molecule AB has several isotopomers according to isotopes atoms A and B and it was weil known at that t ime only the spectrum of eachisotopomer is slightly d iffe rent because of the mass differences between each isotope of the atoms A and B. Prof. Tiemann and his collaborators discovered that we must also take into account the difference in nuclear volume of each isotope. We provide an independent check on previous experimental and t heoretical studies of nuclear volume effects in rotational spectroscopy, notably re-derivation of theory and benchmark previous calculations by 4-component relativistic state of the art correlated calculations
Mondragơn, Lopez Mauricio Javier. "Probabilité des événements multiples dans la mécanique quantique relativiste-générale et quelques aspects qualitatifs ("philosophiques") sur l'espace et le temps." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22017.
Full textHubert, Mickaël. "Théorie "Coupled Cluster" relativiste pour les états excités au rang d'excitation général. Applications aux molécules diatomiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844310.
Full textPaturel, Eric. "Problèmes variationnels avec défaut de compacité en systèmes dynamiques et en physique mathématique." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090003.
Full textBoisseau, Bruno. "Théories de Jauge et champs généralisés dans le cadre de la mécanique hamiltonienne classique relativiste." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4005.
Full textSulzer, David. "Modélisation des interactions faibles en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945896.
Full textAhoyo, Thierry. "Application de la théorie diachronique au paradoxe des jumeaux : intégration d'un amplificateur optique à base de semiconducteur à un guide d'onde effilé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35380.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Ibnouhsein, Mohamed Issam. "Quantum correlations and causal structures." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112426/document.
Full textRecent works in foundations of quantum (field) theory and relativistic quantum information try to better grasp the interplay between the structure of quantum correlations and the constraints imposed by causality on physical operations. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the study of the conceptual implications of quantum nonlocality, a concept that subsumes that of entanglement in a certain way. We detail the recent information-theoretic approaches to understanding the structure of nonlocal correlations, and the issues the latter raise concerning the ability of local observers to isolate a system from its environment. Chapter 2 reviews in what sense imposing Poincaré invariance affects entanglement detection and quantification procedures. This invariance ultimately forces a description of all quantum systems within the framework of quantum field theory, which leads to the impossibility of localized finite-energy states and to the divergence of all entanglement measures for local observers. We provide a solution to these two problems by showing that there exists a generic equivalence between a finite spatial resolution of the measurement apparatus and the exclusion of high-energy degrees of freedom from the definition of the observed system. This equivalence allows for an epistemic interpretation of the standard quantum formalism describing nonrelativistic localized systems and their correlations, hence a clarification of the origin of the finite measures of entanglement between such systems. Chapter 3 presents a recent theoretical framework that predicts the existence of correlations with indefinite causal order. In analogy to the information-theoretic approaches to nonlocal correlations, we introduce some principles that constrain the structure of such correlations, which is a first step toward a clear understanding of their physical origin
Wang, Zhituo. "La renormalisation constructive pour la théorie quantique des champs non commutative." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657010.
Full textHubert, Mickaël. "Relativistic coupled cluster theory for excited states at a general excitation rank : applications to diatomic molecules." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2046/.
Full textThis thesis focuses on methodological developments of the theoretical evaluation of the quantum and relativistic energy of electronically excited states of an atom or a molecule. The wave-function method Coupled Cluster (CC) is currently one of the most accurate methods to calculate these states for many-body systems. The implementation presented is based on the many-body relativistic 4-component Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian and a Coupled Cluster wave function at arbitrary excitation rank. The excited states are evaluated using linear response theory by diagonalizing the Coupled Cluster Jacobian matrix. The work focuses on the evaluation of these second-quantized elements using a new commutator-based algorithm, and on its adaptation to a Dirac 4-component relativistic formalism. Finally, I present some applications of the code to challenging diatomic molecules
Golfin, Guilhem. "L’objectivité et le phénomène : une étude philosophique et historique du concept de causalité à la lumière de la physique relativiste et quantique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0155.
Full textThe causality became a central subject during the controversies that arose in the first three decades of the XXth century with the invention of new physical theories, the Theory of relativity and the Quantum Mechanics. This was the case because these new theories questioned the classical causality's form, and even the relevancy of causality in itself for a physical theory, when the traditional idea was that the intelligibility of nature requires absolutely such a relation. Physicists indeed thought that classical causality clarified a matter which was remained confuse within the philosophical doctrines. Hence, the radical changes brought up by the new physical theories lead to analyse scientific intelligibility, and in the same rime the nature and the signification of causality as it is understood by the physicists. The study of some of the great physicists' works, shows that physical causality is an ideal relation, the function of which is to founder the objectivity of the scientific discourse. By the way, it is impossible to consider it as a property of the world, but it must be taken for a hermeneutic category. It works inside a discourse which tries to give a form to phenomena, and which finds its meaning by denying ail nature's proper order
Fromager, Emmanuel. "Traitement de l'interaction spin-orbite en chimie quantique et application à la réactivité des complexes d'actinides." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30094.
Full textBusch, Xavier. "Effets dispersifs et dissipatifs en théorie quantique des champs en espace-temps courbe pour modéliser des systèmes de matière condensée." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112205/document.
Full textThe two main predictions of quantum field theory in curved space-time, namely Hawking radiation and cosmological pair production, have not been directly tested and involve ultra high energy configurations. As a consequence, they should be considered with caution. Using the analogy with condensed matter systems put forward by Unruh, their analogue versions could be tested in the lab. Moreover, the high energy behavior of these systems is known and involved dispersion and dissipation, which regulate the theory at short distances. When considering experiments which aim to test the above predictions, the thermal noise will contaminate the outcome. Indeed, there will be a competition between the stimulated emission from thermal noise and the spontaneous emission out of vacuum. In order to measure the quantum analogue Hawking radiation, or the analogue pair production also called dynamical Casimir effect, one should thus compute the consequences of ultraviolet dispersion and dissipation, and identify observables able to establish that the spontaneous emission took place. In this thesis, we first analyze the effects of dispersion and dissipation on both Hawking radiation and pair particle production. To get explicit results, we work in the context of de Sitter space. Using the extended symmetries of the theory in such a background, exact results are obtained. These are then transposed to the context of black holes using the correspondence between de Sitter space and the black hole near horizon region. To introduce dissipation, we consider an exactly solvable model producing any decay rate. In such a model, the field is linearly coupled to an environment containing a dense set of degrees of freedom. We also study the quantum entanglement of the particles so produced. In a second part, we consider explicit condensed matter systems, namely Bose Einstein condensates and exciton-polariton systems. We analyze the effects of dissipation on entanglement produced by the dynamical Casimir effect. As a final step, we study the entanglement of Hawking radiation in the presence of dispersion for a generic analogue system
Hinschberger, Yannick. "Etude théorique des effets relativistes induits par une impulsion lumineuse ultra-rapide dans la matière." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923154.
Full textBrandeho, Mathieu. "New bounds for information complexity and quantum query complexity via convex optimization tools." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/277139/4/Main.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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Lu, Junxu. "Effective field theory studies of hadron-hadron interactions." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP095.
Full textWith the development of accelerator and detector techniques, experimentalists have obtained quite a large amount of data on hadron-hadron interactions with much higher statistics based on large experimental accelerators such as BEKB, LHC, BEPC and so on, revealing a large variety of phenomena for theoretical researches. In order to provide a reliable understanding on these experimental data, theorists continually investigate new models or improve the original ones. Among all the approaches for studying hadron-hadron interactions in the low energy regime, the Effective field theory(EFT) has now become one of most popular approaches. Due to the asymptotic freedom and the color confinement, the fundamental theory for the strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics(QCD) is perturbative at high energy, while at low energies it is in a strong coupled and confining regime and perturbation theory is not applicable. With the chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking fully taken into account, chiral perturbation theory and its unitary version make it possible to improve the descriptions order by order according to a certain power counting rule. One can thus improve the description systematically and evaluate the uncertainties. In the present work, we first briefly introduce the main idea of effective field theory. Then we study three typical scattering processes as examples within the framework of EFT to show how EFT helps to understand experimental data and further more, its power for predicting the unmeasured ones. Part I : In this part we investigate the interactions between singly charmed baryons and Goldstone bosons with a unitary chiral perturbation theory combined with approximate heavy quark symmetry. We compare different regularization methods for the two-point integral. In the lowest order, we fix the only free parameter in our model by reproducing the Λc(2595) and predict a number of resonances. We then extend our study to include the next-to-leading order contributions. Further more, we utilize the compositeness rules and large Nc expansion to study the structure of Λc(2595) in different models. Part II : In this part we calculate the interaction between ground state baryons and pseudoscalar meson up to one loop level with covariant SU(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory. We apply the extended-on-mass-shell scheme to absorb the Ultra-violate divergence and power counting breaking terms. For the first time we performed a combined fit for both piN and KN scattering phase shifts. Further more, we perform a global fit to meson-baryon scattering phase shifts and baryon masses and show that it can provide a reasonable description of the experimental data. In the end of this part we discuss in detail the convergence of covariant BChPT. Part III : In this part, we study the meson-meson interaction with isospin I = 1 as final state interaction in photon-photon scattering. Muskhelishvili-Omnès (MO) representation based on dispersion relations and analytical properties of amplitudes are applied. The most recent experimental data on γγ→πη; and γγ→KS KS with much higher statistics from the Belle Collaboration are used to fix the parameters of our model, with which we calculate the position of a₀(980) and a₀(1450) which still remain ambiguous
Schunck, Nicolas. "Champ Moyen Nucléaire dans le formalisme de Dirac." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001557.
Full textLasseri, Raphaël-David. "Distribution spatiale de fermions fortement corrélés en interaction forte : formalisme, méthodes et phénoménologie en structure nucléaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS248/document.
Full textThe atomic nucleus is intrinsically a complex system, composed of strongly correlated non-elementary fermions, sensitive to strong and electroweak interaction. The description of its internal structure is a major challenge of modern physics. In fact the complexity of the nucleon-nucleon interaction generates correlations which are responsible of the diversity of shapes that the nuclei can adopt. Indeed the nuclei can adopt either quasi-homogeneous shapes when nucleons are delocalized or shapes where spatially localized structure can emerge, namely nuclear clusters. This work is an extension of relativistic mean-fields approach (RMF), which allows an universal treatment of nuclear phenomenology. In a first time we will present the necessary formalism to construct such an approach starting with the fundamental interactions underlying nucleons dynamics within the nucleus. However this approach doesn't allow an accurate reproduction of experimental properties: a purely mean-field approach neglects to many correlations. Existing methods to treat both particle-hole (deformation), particle-particle (pairing) correlations will be discussed. First we will propose a new diagrammatic method, which take correlation into account in a perturbative way, the implementation of this approach using combinatory theory will be discussed. Then we will get back to a phenomenological treatment of particle-hole correlations, to focus on the impact of particle-particle. Formation of nucleonic pair will be discussed in the language of graph theory, allowing several formal simplifications and shed a different light on pairing. Pairing correlations will be at first treated using a relativistic Hartree-Bogolioubov approach. Nevertheless this formalism doesn't conserve particle number, and thus we will present a projective approach to restore it. The effect of this restoration will also be studied. Then to describe general nuclear deformation, several implementations and optimizations developed during this PhD will be presented. With this tools, clusterisation will be investigated as phenomenon emerging for certain class of correlations. Localization measure will be derived allowing a clearer understanding of cluster physics. The analysis of theses quantities makes possible a first unified description of cluster formation both for light nuclei (Neon) or for heavy alpha emitters (Polonium). Cluster emergence will be described as a quantum phase transition, an order parameter will be displayed and this formation will be characterized as a Mott transition. The influence of pairing correlations on cluster formation is studied and a detailed study of pairs spatial properties is performed for nuclei from several mass regions. Lastly a method allowing treatment of 4-body correlations (quartteting) is proposed to explain cluster emergence as alpha particle preformation
Folacci, Antoine. "Quantification des champs en espace-temps courbe et renormalisation du tenseur d'impulsion-énergie." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112075.
Full textBeuf, Guillaume. "Contributions à l'étude des interactions fortes à haute énergie et haute densité." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066137.
Full textNieto-Silleras, Olmo. "Device-independent randomness generation from several Bell estimators." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/271365.
Full textL'approche indépendante des appareils ("device-independent" en anglais) est une nouvelle approche en informatique quantique. Cette nouvelle approche exploite la non-localité de la physique quantique afin de certifier le bon fonctionnement d'une tâche sans faire appel à des suppositions sur les appareils menant à bien cette tâche. Cette thèse traite de la certification et la génération d'aléa indépendante des appareils pour des applications cryptographiques. L'existence de cet aléa repose sur une relation fondamentale entre le caractère aléatoire de la théorie quantique et sa non-localité, mise en lumière dans le cadre des tests de Bell. Les protocoles de génération d'aléa et de distribution quantique de clés indépendants des appareils mesurent en général l'aléa produit en fonction de la violation d'une inégalité de Bell donnée. Cependant les probabilités qui caracterisent les résultats de mesures dans un test de Bell sont plus riches que le degré de violation d'une seule inégalité de Bell. Dans ce travail nous montrons qu'une évaluation plus exacte de l'aléa présent dans les corrélations nonlocales peut être faite si l'on tient compte de plusieurs expressions de Bell à la fois ou de l'ensemble des probabilités (ou comportement) caractérisant l'appareil testé. De plus nous montrons qu'à chaque comportement correspond une expression de Bell optimale permettant de certifier la quantité maximale d'aléa présente dans ces corrélations. À partir de ces resultats, nous introduisons une famille de protocoles de génération d'aléa indépendants des appareils, sécurisés contre des adversaires classiques, et reposant sur l'évaluation de l'aléa à partir d'un nombre arbitraire d'expressions de Bell, ou même à partir des fréquences expérimentales des résultats de mesure. Les protocoles proposés permettent aussi d'évaluer l'aléa à partir d'un sous-ensemble de choix de mesure, ce qui peut être avantageux lorsque l'on considère des corrélations pour lesquelles certains choix de mesure produisent plus d'aléa que d'autres. Nous fournissons des exemples numériques illustrant l'avantage de cette méthode pour des données finies et montrons qu'asymptotiquement cette méthode résulte en un taux de génération d'aléa optimal à partir des données expérimentales, sans devoir supposer à priori que l'expérience viole une inégalité de Bell spécifique.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Le, Treust Loïc. "Méthodes variationnelles et topologiques pour l'étude de modèles non liénaires issus de la mécanique relativiste." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908953.
Full textLallouche, Mickaël. "Théories des champs quantiques topologiques internes de type Reshetikhin-Turaev." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS015/document.
Full textA 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory (TQFT) is a symmetric monoidal functor from the category of 3-cobordisms to the category of vector spaces. Such TQFTs provide in particular numerical invariants of closed 3-manifolds and representations of the mapping class group of closed surfaces.In 1994, Turaev explains how to construct a TQFT from a modular category; the scalar invariant is then the Reshethikhin-Turaev invariant introduced in 1991. In this thesis, we describe a generalization of this construction starting from a ribbon category C with coend. We present a cobordism by a certain type of tangle (cobordism tangle) and we associate to such a tangle a morphism between tensor products of the coend as described by Lyubashenko in 1994. Extending the Kirby calculus to 3-cobordisms, we obtain in this way an invariant of cobordisms and a TQFT which takes values in the symmetric monoidal subcategory of transparent objects of C. If the category C is modular, this subcategory can be identified with the category of vector spaces, and we recover Turaev's TQFT. If the category C is modularizable, our TQFT is a lift of the Turaev TQFT for the modularization of C
Bouvier, Patrick. "Contributions à l’étude de l’effet Hawking pour des modèles en interaction." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112356/document.
Full textThe Hawking effect predicts that, in a space- time describing the collapse of a spherically symmetric star to a Schwarzschild black hole, a static observer at infinity sees the Unruh state as a thermal state at Hawking temperature. The first mathematical proof of the Hawking effect, in the original setting of Hawking, is due to Bachelot. His work on Klein-Gordon fields has been extended to Dirac fields, in the first place by Bachelot himself, and by Melnyk after that. Those works, placed in the setup of a spherically symmetric star, have been completed by Häfner, who gave a rigorous proof of the Hawking effect for Dirac fields, outside a star collapsing to a Kerr black hole. The aim of this thesis is to study the Hawking effect not for a model of free quantum fields, in which case the problems can be reduced to studies on linear partial differential equations, but for a model of interacting Dirac fields. The interaction will be considered as a static, compactly-supported interaction, living outside the star. We choose to study a toy model in a 1+1 dimensional space-time. Using the fact that the problem is spherically symetric, one can, at least in the free case, reduce the real problem to this toy model. We study the behavior of Dirac fermions fields in various situations : first, for an observable following the star's collapse ; then, for a static observable ; finally, for a time-dependent interaction, fixed close to the star's boundary. In each of those cases, we show the existence of the Hawking Effect and give the corresponding limit state
Mourad, Jihad. "Localisation relativiste, mécanique quantique relativiste à deux fermions, géométrie non commutative et théories de Kaluza-Klein." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112139.
Full textWieland, Wolfgang. "Structure chirale de la gravité quantique à boucles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4094/document.
Full textGeneral relativity is the most precise theory of the gravitational interaction. It is a classical field theory. All matter, on the other hand, follows the rules of quantum theory. At the Planck scale, at about distances of the order of 10E-35 meters, both theories become equally important. Today, theoretical physics lacks a unifying language to explore what happens at this scale, but there are several candidate theories available. Loop quantum gravity is one them, and it is the main topic of this thesis. To see whether a particular proposal is a viable candidate for a quantum theory of the gravitational field it must be free of internal inconsistencies, and agree with all experimental tests of general relativity. This thesis develops mathematical tools to check these
Danilo, Cécile. "Modélisation théorique de la spectroscopie d'actinides solvatés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10036/document.
Full textThe framework of this PhD is the interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion experiments performed on solvated U4+, NpO2+ and PuO²2+, which aIl have a f² configuration. Unexpectedly the two actinyl ions have a much higher relaxivity than U4+,. One possible explanation is that the electronic relaxation rate is faster for Uranium(IV) than for the actinyl ions. We address this problem by exploring the electronic spectrum of the three compounds in gas phase and in solution with a two-step SOCI (Spin~Orbit Configuration~Interaction) method. The influence of electron correlation (treated in the first step) and spin~orbit relaxation effects (considered in the second step) has been discussed thoroughly. Solvent effects have been investigated as well. Another issue that has been questioned is the accuracy of Density Functional Theory for the study of actinide species. This matter has been discussed by comparing its performance to wave-function based correlated methods. The chemical problem chosen was the water exchange in [UO²+2 (H2O)5]. We looked at the associative and at the dissociative mechanisms using a model with one additional water in the second hydration sphere. The last part of the thesis dealt with the spectroscopy of coordinated Uranyl(V). Absorption spectrum of Uranyl(V) with various ligands has been recorded. The first sharp absorption bands in the Near-Infrared region were assigned to the Uranium centered 5f-5f transitions, but uncertainties remained for the assignment of transitions observed in the Visible region. We computed the spectra of naked U02+ and [UO2(CO3)3]5- to elucidate the spectral changes induced by the carbonate ligands
Jabbour, Michael. "Bosonic systems in quantum information theory: Gaussian-dilatable channels, passive states, and beyond." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/272099.
Full textLe formalisme symplectique appliqué à la représentation des systèmes bosoniques dans l'espace des phases donne accès à un outil mathématique puissant pour la caractérisation des états gau-ssiens et transformations gaussiennes. Les protocoles d'information quantique impliquant ces derniers sont d'ailleurs très bien compris d'un point de vue théorique. Toutefois, il s'est avéré clair durant ces dernières années que l'utilisation de ressources non-gaussiennes est nécessaire afin d'effectuer des tâches cruciales de traitement de l'information. En effet, certaines tâches — telles que la distillation d’intrication quantique, le codage quantique ou encore le calcul quantique — impliquant des états gaussiens ne peuvent être effectuées avec des transformations gaussiennes. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous développons une nouvelle méthode basée sur la fonction génératrice d'une suite qui donne lieu à une description élégante d'objets intrinsèquement non-gaussiens. Se basant sur la fonction génératrice des éléments de matrice d'unitaires gaussiens dans la base de Fock, notre approche donne accès aux probabilités de transition multi-photon via des équations de récurrence étonnamment simples. La méthode est développée pour des unitaires gaussiens produisant des couplages linéaires passifs et actifs entres deux modes bosoniques. Elle prédit un terme d'interférence destructive qui généralise l'effet Hong-Ou-Mandel pour plus de deux photons indistinguables pénétrant dans un diviseur de faisceau équilibré. De plus, elle met en évidence un effet inattendu de suppression de deux photons dans un amplificateur paramétrique optique de gain 2. Cette suppression résulte de l’indistinguabilité entre les paires de photons d’entrée et de sortie. Finalement, nous étendons notre méthode à des transformations de Bogoliubov agissant sur un nombre de modes arbitraire. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous introduisons une classe de canaux quantiques bosoniques gaussiens-dilatables (caractérisés par un unitaire gaussien dans leur ``Stinespring dilation") appelés canaux à environnement passif. Ces canaux sont intéressants du point de vue de la thermodynamique quantique puisqu’ils correspondent au couplage d’un système bosonique avec un environnement bosonique qui est passif dans la base de Fock (en d’autres termes, il est impossible d’en extraire de l’énergie avec des transformations unitaires), suivi du rejet de l’environnement. Grâce à la fonction génératrice, nous fournissons une description de ces transformations en termes de canaux quantiques bosoniques gaussiens limités par le bruit du vide. Nous introduisons ensuite une nouvelle relation de pré-ordre appelé ``majorization" de Fock, qui coïncide avec la ``majorization" usuelle pour les états passifs mais induit une autre relation en terme du nombre moyen de bosons, connectant ainsi les concepts d’énergie et de désordre d’un état quantique. Dans ce contexte, nous prouvons des propriétés variées de la ``majorization" de Fock et montrons en particulier que cette dernière peut être interprétée comme une relation indiquant l’existence d’une transformation d’amplification entre deux états quantiques. Cette nouvelle relation de pré-ordre s’avère appropriée dans le contexte des canaux bosonique à environnement passif. En effet, nous montrons que ces canaux conservent la ``majorization" de Fock, de sorte que n’importe quels deux états d’entrée obéissant une relation de ``majorization" de Fock sont transformés en états de sortie vérifiant une relation similaire. En particulier, cela implique que les canaux à environnement passif préservent la ``majorization" pour l'ensemble des états passifs de l’oscillateur harmonique. Les conséquences de la préservation de la ``majorization" sont examinées dans le contexte de la ``entropy photon-number inequality". Étant indépendants de la nature spécifique du système étudié, la plupart de nos résultats peuvent être généralisés à d’autres systèmes et hamiltoniens quantiques, donnant lieu à de nouveaux outils qui pourraient s’avérer utiles en théorie de l’information quantique. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous mettons en place une théorie de l’activité locale pour les système bosoniques. Nous introduisons une notion de distance en terme d'activité locale et la comparons avec le travail qui peut être extrait d'un état quantique avec des unitaires locaux assistés par des unitaires globaux passifs. Le but à long terme est de se baser sur cette théorie afin de connecter les domaines des canaux bosoniques à variables continues et de la thermodynamique quantique.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bonzom, Valentin. "Géométrie quantique dans les mousses de Spins : de la théorie topologique BF vers la relativité générale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22072/document.
Full textLoop quantum gravity has provided us with a canonical framework especially devised for back-ground independent and diffeomorphism invariant gauge field theories. In this quantization the funda-mental excitations are called spin network states, and in the context of general relativity, they give ameaning to quantum geometry. Spin foams are a sort of path integral for spin network states, supposed to enable the computations of transition amplitudes between these states. The spin foam quantization has proved very efficient for topological field theories, like 2d Yang-Mills, 3d gravity or BF theories. Different models have also been proposed for 4-dimensional quantum gravity.In this PhD manuscript, I discuss several methods to study spin foam models. In particular, I present some recurrence relations on spin foam amplitudes, which generically encode classical symme-tries at the quantum level, and are likely to help fill the gap with the Hamiltonian constraints. These relations can be naturally interpreted in terms of elementary deformations of discrete geometric struc-tures, like simplicial geometries. Another interesting method consists in exploring the way spin foam models can be written as path integrals for systems of geometries on a lattice, taking inspiration from topological models and Regge calculus. This leads to a very geometric view on spin foams, and gives classical action principles which are studied in details
Perenon, Louis. "Elements of phenomenology of dark energy." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0284/document.
Full textThe ΛCDM paradigm is the standard model of cosmology. In this model, the universe is constituted today for the major part by Cold Dark Matter along with the Cosmological Constant Λ that drives cosmic acceleration. However, this standard model is not fully complete. Using the Cosmological Constant introduces theoretical issues in a quantum field theory description and tentative observational evidences suggests our large scale description of the universe should be refined. Finding alternatives to the standard model is therefore of crucial importance today
Reynaud, Patrick. "Structure infra-rouge et methode effective en theorie quantique des champs relativistes a temperature finie." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4747.
Full textPoizat, Didier. "Singularités infrarouges et singularités de masse dans les théories quantiques des champs relativistes à température finie." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4419.
Full textYoussef, Ahmed. "Effets quantiques dans des modèles d'univers en expansion." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077097.
Full textExpanding spacetimes are the central object of this thesis. First, we investigate quantum field theory (QFT) in the prototype of these spacetimes, the de Sitter spacetime. In particular, QFT calculations in Sitter space are plagued by ail sorts of infrared divergences. How to correctly compute in presence of these divergences and vvhat they ultimately are central questions to cosmologists. We study this issue in detail for free electrodynamics. We then study several aspects of higher-derivatives theories of gravity whose major motivation is that they give rise quite naturally to an examine phase either in the early universe (inflation), either today (dark energy). We examine the equivalence of different Hamiltonian formulations of the theories. We also analyze cosmological perturbations of a special higher-derivative theory of gravity, namely Weyl gravity, again in the context expanding spacetimes
Dupuis, Maïté. "Modèles de mousses de spin pour la gravité quantique et leur régime semi-classique." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0609.
Full textThe spinfoam framework is a proposal for a regularized path integral for quantum gravity. Spinfoams define quantum space-time structures describing the evolution in time of the spin network states for quantum geometry derived from Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). The construction is based on the formulation of General Relativity as a topological theory plus the so-called simplicity constraints which introduce local degrees of freedom. In this PhD manuscript, an original way to impose the simplicity constraints in 4d Euclidean gravity using harmonic oscillators is proposed. A consistent spinfoam model for quantum gravity has to be connected to LQG and must have the right semi-classical limit. An explicit map between the spin network states of LQG and the boundary states of spinfoam models is given. New techniques to compute semiclassical asymptotic expressions for the transition amplitudes of 3d quantum gravity and to extract semi-classical information from a spinfoam model are introduced
Arnault, Pablo. "Discrete-time quantum walks and gauge theories." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066135/document.
Full textA quantum (Q) computer (QC), i.e. utilizing the resources of Q physics, superposition of states and entanglement, could fournish an exponential gain in computing time. A simulation using such resources is called a Q simulation (QS). The advantage of QSs over classical ones is well established at the theoretical, i.e. software level. Their practical benefit requires their implementation on a Q hardware. The QC, i.e. the universal one (see below), has not seen the light of day yet, but the efforts in this direction are both growing and diverse. Also, QS has already been illustrated by numerous experimental proofs of principle, thanks too small-size and specific-task Q computers or simulators. Q walks (QWs) are particularly-studied QS schemes, being elementary bricks to conceive any Q algorithm, i.e. to achieve so-called universal Q computation. The present thesis is a step more towards a simulation of Q field theories based on discrete-time QWs (DTQWs). Indeed, it is shown, in certain cases, how DTQWs can simulate, in the continuum, the action of Yang-Mills gauge fields on fermionic matter, and the retroaction of the latter on the gauge-field dynamics. The suggested schemes preserve gauge invariance on the spacetime lattice, i.e. not only in the continuum. In the (1+2)D Abelian case, consistent lattice equivalents to both Maxwell’s equations and the current conservation are suggested. In the (1+1)D non-Abelian case, a lattice version of the non-Abelian field strength is suggested. Moreover, it is shown how this fermionic matter based on DTQWs can be coupled to relativistic gravitational fields of the continuum, i.e. to curved spacetimes, in several spatial dimensions
Gourlaouen, Christophe. "Caractérisation théorique de l'influence de la substitution de cations natifs par le plomb dans des composés d'intérêt biologique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066567.
Full textMichel, Florent. "Effets non-linéaires et effets quantiques en gravité analogue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS164/document.
Full textThe present thesis deals with some properties of classical and quantum scalar fields in an inhomogeneous and/or time-dependent background, focusing on models where the latter can be described as a curved space-time with an event horizon. While naturally formulated in a gravitational context, such models extend to many physical systems with an effective Lorentz invariance at low energy. We shall see how this effective symmetry allows one to relate the behavior of perturbations in these systems to black-hole physics, what are its limitations, and in which sense results thus obtained are “analogous” to their general relativistic counterparts. The first chapter serves as a general introduction. A few notions from Einstein's theory of gravity are introduced and a derivation of Hawking radiation is sketched. The correspondence with low-energy systems is then explained through three important examples. The next four chapters each details one of the works completed during this thesis, updated and slightly reorganized to account for new developments which occurred after their publication. The other articles I contributed to are summarized in the last chapter, before the general conclusion. My collaborators and I focused on three aspects of the behavior of fields close to the (analogue) event horizon in models with an effective low-energy Lorentz symmetry. The first one concerns nonlinear effects, which had been given little attention in view of their crucial importance for understanding the evolution in time of Hawking radiation as well as for experimental realizations. We showed in particular how they determine the late-time behavior in stable and unstable configurations. The second aspect concerns linear and quantum effects. We studied the Hawking radiation itself in several models and what replaces it when continuously erasing the horizon. We also characterized and classified the different types of linear instabilities which can occur. Finally, we contributed to the design and analysis of “analogue gravity” experiments in Bose-Einstein condensates, hydrodynamic flows, and acoustic setups, of which I report the main results
De, Lorenzo Tommaso. "Black holes as a gateway to the quantum : classical and semi-classical explorations." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0264/document.
Full textSince 1916 intriguing questions have arisen from the study of Black Holes (BH). Only some of them have been resolved. Indeed, we are faced with regimes where the yet unknown interplay between quantum theory and spacetime unveils. BH physics is a gateway to the quantum nature of gravity. My thesis has been completely devoted to this central domain of theoretical physics, with the guiding aim of understanding in the widest possible manner the debate around those questions. The process has produced original results that constitute the main core of the manuscript. 1- The maximal volume surfaces of evaporating BHs are studied. An astrophysical BH will end its life with an external planckian area $10^{-70} m^2$ hiding $10^5$ times the volume of our observable Universe. This can have consequences on the viability of the “remnant scenario” as solution to the BH information paradox. 2- The “black-hole-to-white-hole scenario” is analyzed. The model is shown to be strongly unstable, and a minimal resolutive modification is proposed. 3- A generalisation of the four laws of BH thermodynamics is proven for intersecting light cones in Minkowski spacetime. 4- Conformally flat spaces where such laws acquire the standard thermodynamical interpretation are studied. The simplest one is the Bertotti-Robinson spacetime, known to encode the near-horizon geometry of a charged BH. 5- It is shown that, if the correct energy-momentum tensor is identified, the Eintein-Cartan’s field equations can be recovered as a thermodynamical equilibrium equation of state just like in the GR original case. Such results contribute to the intense debate on the opening crucial questions
Réal, Florent. "Simulation ab initio des propriétés optiques des matériaux photoluminescents et apports méthodologiques dans le cadre d'une approche de cluster environné." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Real.pdf.
Full textEckes, Christophe. "Groupes, invariants et géométries dans l'œuvre de Weyl : Une étude des écrits de Hermann Weyl en mathématiques, physique mathématique et philosophie, 1910-1931." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30069/document.
Full textOur purpose consists in comparing Weyl's mathematical practice with his philosophical reflections on mathematics. We will study (a) his monographs on complex analysis, general relativity and quantum mechanics, (b) the articles which are linked to these books, (c) some of his lecture courses, (d) his correspondence with different scientists, mainly A. Einstein, E. Cartan, J. von Neumann. We will show that his mathematical research has a strong influence on the different stands he successively takes regarding the foundations of mathematics. Conversely, we will show that the philosophical systems he refers to (mainly kantian criticism, fichtean idealism and husserlian phenomenology) have a real impact on his investigations in mathematics. We will first analyse Die Idee der Riemannschen Fläche (first edition 1913). In this book, Weyl seems to take up a formalist point of view, but this is partly true. In fact, he is influenced by two traditions respectively embodied by Hilbert and Klein. Then, we will study the successive editions of Raum, Zeit, Materie (1918-1923). We will describe Weyl's project of a “purely infinitesimal geometry”. Thanks to this geometrical framework, he builds a unified fields theory, which will be disproved by Einstein, Pauli, Reichenbach, Hilbert and Eddington. During this short period, Weyl also constructs and solves the so-called space problem (1921-1923). Weyl's references to Fichte and Husserl have a significant impact on these two projects. Finally, we will comment Weyl's main article on Lie groups (1925-1926) and his monograph on quantum mechanics, i.e. Gruppentheorie und Quantenmechanik (1rst ed. 1928, 2nd ed. 1931). Weyl's article on Lie groups is in accordance with his compromise between intuitionism and formalism (1924). On the other hand, Weyl's book on quantum mechanics encapsulates an “empirical turn” in his epistemology, which will be compared with the so-called empirical logicism
Raffaelli, Bernard. "Analyse semi-classique des phénomènes de résonance et d'absorption par des trous noirs." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653074.
Full textBlanc, Aurélien. "Etude des performances du Trigger du spectromètre à muons d'ALICE au LHC." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542006.
Full textMartinez, Jean-Philippe. "Vladimir Fock (1898-1974) : itinéraire externaliste d'une pensée internaliste. Antiréductionnisme et réalisme scientifique en physique moderne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC077/document.
Full textVladimir Aleksandrovich Fock is a physicist well-known by the scientific community for his important contributions to the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity. He is also a major actor in the debate on the interpretation of these two major theories of the XXth century, following an approach that clearly claims dialectical materialism ñ an ideology then largely imposed by the Soviet authorities in the USSR - as fundamental. Our work mostly focuses on this aspect of Fock's career, explored too partially in the history of science. More specifically, we reconsider the scientific and philosophical roots of the non-orthodox interpretations of quantum mechanics and general relativity developed by Fock. By reconstructing his epistemological approach we put forward that the physicist was guided by an antireductionist and a scientific realist conception of his discipline. This basis gives us the possibility to discuss the reasons why dialectical materialism was a real influence on the scientist thought. Thus, by following the observation of the sincere adoption by Fock of the Soviet ideology, we put back the question of the interpretation of the theories of modern physics in its socio-cultural context. We observe Fock's trajectory as a defender of quantum mechanics and relativity theory against the different ideological and political attacks they may undergo in Soviet Union. We also study the influence of context on the actual wording of their interpretations and finally we develop the issues related to their diffusion in the local and worldwide community of physicists. To summarize, this thesis helps to reconsider the interest of Fock's thought in the history of modern physics
Bouchafra, Yassine. "On the performance of subsystem approaches to model heavy element species in solution." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R031.
Full textIn order to understand spectroscopic measurements, it is important to understand the physical processes taking place at a microscopic scale, since these are related to the behaviour of the electrons (and nuclei) in the system. The treatment of such particles requires one way or another a quantum mechanical treatment of the atoms and molecules that make up a given system of interest. This means that in order to achieve that we must perform theoretical sim- ulations and, if such systems contain heavy elements, this is a particularly dicult task, since we not only have to deal with the large number of particles but also include relativistic e↵ects. These diculties have motivated the development of several theoretical approaches that sim- plify the treatment of at least part of the total system. This thesis investigates the use of the Frozen Density Embedding (FDE) approach to the calculation of molecular properties of complex systems. FDE is a formally exact method with which we can separate a complex molecular system into subsystems and choose the most suit- able electronic structure approach to treat each of these. With this separation, we can focus the computational e↵ort into one or a few subsystems of interest and treat them very accurately with relativistic electronic structure methods that include spin-orbit coupling, while the e↵ect of the remaining subsystems (environment) on the system of interest is treated at a suciently high level of accuracy. Our first interest was in the quantum mechanical description of ionisation energies for molecular aggregates of microsolvated halides, such as found in water droplets. We have ex- plored the sensitivity of these energies to structural changes around the halides and among the waters, and how these energies evolve with the size of the aggregate, with our results being in quantitative agreement with experimental data, and we have predicted the ionisation energies of the heaviest of halides, astatide, which is of interest as a radiotherapeutic agent. Our results demonstrate that with the combination of relativistic EOM-CC for the active subsystem and DFT for the environment, a↵orded by FDE, one can rival with quite sophisticated theoretical approaches based on periodic quasi-particle calculations which are the current state-of-the-art for condensed matter simulations. We have also explored the performance of FDE for the description of solvent e↵ects on magnetic properties (indirect spin-spin couplings and NMR shielding tensors) for a complex PtTl(CN)5 containing a metal-metal bond between the heavy centres (Pt, Tl), this time purely at relativistic DFT level. For spin-spin couplings, we have shown that much like prior theoretical results, we require an extensive first hydration shell around the complex, but nevertheless arrive at a semi-quantitative agreement with experiment. For NMR shieldings on the other hand, FDE allows us to significantly reduce the amount of water molecules explicitly added to the active subsystem to the first hydration shell around the Tl atom. This might open up the perspective to employing FDE with more accurate with more accurate electronic structure methods for this property for this class of compounds
Coutant, Antonin. "On the phenomenology of quantum gravity : stability properties of Hawking radiation in the presence of ultraviolet violation of local Lorentz invariance." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112213/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several features of Hawking radiation in the presence of ultraviolet Lorentz violations. These violations are implemented by a modified dispersion relation that becomes nonlinear at short wavelengths. The motivations of this work arise on the one hand from the developing field of analog gravity, where we aim at measuring the Hawking effect in fluid flows that mimic black hole space-times, and on the other hand from the possibility that quantum gravity effects might be approximately modeled by a modified dispersion relation. We develop several studies on various aspects of the prob- lem. First we obtain precise characterizations about the deviations from the Hawking result of black hole radiation, which are induced by dispersion. Second, we study the emergence, both in white hole flows or for massive fields, of a macroscopic standing wave, spontaneously produced from the Hawking effect, and known as ‘undulation’. Third, we describe in detail an instability named black hole laser, which arises in the presence of two horizons, where Hawking radiation is self-amplified and induces an exponentially growing in time emitted flux