Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théories de la valeur'
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Depoortère, Christophe. "La méthode de David Ricardo dans ses théories de la valeur et de la monnaie." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082473.
Full textThis thesis aims at determining the method David Ricardo (1772-1823) used to establish his principles and to draw conclusions about the real world. First, it shows the influence of the works of Dugald Stewart (1753-1828) and of two of his students, James Mill (1773-1836) and Francis Horner (1778-1817). It also stresses the influence of Adam Smith (1723-1790) and characterizes, in Ricardo's theory of value, the peculiarity of his method. Finally, it examines two kinds of reasoning Ricardo applied to his principles : one is synthetic, the other analytic. The first one is illustrated by the tendency of profits to fall, the second by the invention of a monetary regime grounded on convertibility in bullion : the Ingot Plan. This thesis concludes that Ricardo's method was empirical and abstract and leads to question the role attributed by him to the monetary regime he advocated
Catz, Frédéric. "Réflexions critiques sur les théories de la valeur : la loi des coûts comparatifs : étalon et "transformation" : taux d'intérêt, épargne et investissement." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21007.
Full textFour questions are discussed. The first concerns the law of comparative costs : this law is generalised to cover several countries and several goods. We refute the claim that in ricardo's work, international prices are determined ; this claim being backed up by the theory of production prices extended to the international case. The notions of avantageous and optimal specialisation within a neo-ricadian framework are introduced. The second question concerns the standard commodity according to p. Sraffa : some remarks are intended to show that this notion is absurd. The third question concerns the problem of transformation (of labor values into production prices) : the solution of a. Lipietz is shown to be tautological. The last question examins the consistency of neoclassical theory in it's attempt to integrate saving, investment and the interest rate : this theory is either uninterpretable, and therefore economically meaningless (debreu) or inconsistent (walras). In the foreword the notion of exchange value is defined as being measurable
Le, Bourg Éric. "Comportement, valeur adaptative et théories du vieillissement chez Drosophila melanogaster : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30127.
Full textMassonnet, Jonathan. "La monnaie et son association avec les biens réels : théories et projets de réforme bancaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG003.
Full textThe problem of the association of money with real goods is still unsolved in the established literature, which remains affected by a dichotomy between the monetary and the real sectors. Money is traditionally seen as a commodity, an extra-economic entity, or the result of a spontaneous creation of the banking system. It is notably considered as if it were a positive magnitude, which prevents understanding the peculiarity of money that would allow it to be integrated in an economic model. Integrating money in economic theory requires taking into account production, when the payment of wages associates money as a numerical form with real goods. In this framework, money is issued by banks as an instantaneous flow (a positive and a negative magnitude at the same time), which is demanded by firms for the monetization of production. Wage earners receive the product of their labour in a monetary form, the association of money with real goods giving rise to income, which provides value to money and the homogeneity of real goods. Since value is a relation between money and real goods, it is created by the payment of wages and destroyed by consumers’ spending. Originally developed by Bernard Schmitt, the theory of money emissions is the starting point for a critical analysis of Classical, Neoclassical, and Post-Keynesian theories, as well as for the theories of monetary circulation. Classical theory distinguishes between the concept of money and the things in which money is reified, but remains undermined by a physical view of value, which leaves the monetary circuit indeterminate. This failure is also present in the theories of monetary circulation, which have a physical view of the monetary circuit and give banks the metaphysical power of creating value out of nothing. By considering money as a net quantity whose value is seen as a relative price, neoclassical theory fails to integrate money within the theory of value. Post-Keynesian theory, despite the principle of effective demand, retains a net-asset-view of money, which leaves global supply and global demand indeterminate. By ignoring the association of money with real goods, these different theories leave the value of money and the measure in economics unexplained and are undermined by a conservation principle, which logically prevents the explanation of the net increase of national wealth. The association of money with real goods is finally translated in the realm of economic policy through a coherent reform of the banking system, which clashes with the Bank Charter Act, the Plan for the Establishment of a National Bank (by David Ricardo), full-reserve banking, as well as the proposal for monetary liberalization
Baupin, michel. "Coût historique, juste valeur et gouvernance de l'entreprise : une interprétaion par la théorie de la valeur compétence." Caen, 2011. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01746008.
Full textInternational accounting practice, driven by the consequences of the abolition of the gold convertibility of the dollar in 1971 and endorsed by the new financial theories, supports the takeover of the real economy by the "finance" on the basis of debt. This practice, based on fair value equated to instant prize of the market, challenges the very notion of the capital of the society. According to our design heritage and "Latin" of it, capital is the cornerstone on which our "so called" society is built. Society is the legal host structure of the company which was formed by the emerging concept of "business entity". It is the manager's goal to keep the value of capital over time, which is only possible if, as shown by changes in accounting since the Neolithic era, the historical cost justified by the theory of value competence is used. Now, with reference to the fair value fluctuating according to supply and demand, it is not possible to have a stable base measurement for measuring conservation. This has fostered the notion of "capital cost" that founded the partnership governance in the context of a dynamic accounting. In a context of a static accounting, be it positive, it is the foundation of ownership accounting, risk is then that the whole market economy could shattered, business ahead. Accounting would then lose its role as a monitoring and disciplinary system of prohibitions to channel the violence of men born from the expression of their mimetics desires
Rammal, Hadia. "Problèmes de Complémentarité aux Valeurs Propres : Théories, Algorithmes et Applications." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/08806eb2-33e6-4642-b821-b7218aaac0f2/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4036.pdf.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the development of mathematical methods applicable to the theoretical and numerical study of a wide class of unilateral problems. To put it more precisely, we consider the Pareto and Lorentz cones eigenvalue complementarity problems PCVP. Such problems appear in many scientific disciplines such as physics, mechanics and engineering. Firstly, we are interested to the resolution of PCVP using an adequate method, “Lattice Projection Method LPM”, leading to an efficient and effective result. The originality of this formulation in comparison with the existing literature is that it is not based on the complementarity approach. Then, our contribution is reflected in the study of the non-singularity conditions of the Jacobian matrices used in the semismooth Newton method SNM to detect solutions of such problems. Then, by using the performance profiles, we compare LPM with other solvers known in the literature. The results prove in accordance with the experimental observations and show the efficiency of LPM. Secondly, we treat the stochastic case of PCVP in the sense of Pareto and Lorentz cones. We reformulate such problem to find the zeros of a semismooth function. Furthermore, we study the non-singularity conditions of the Jacobian matrix of this function to solve such problems. Moreover, we transform the problem as a constrained minimization reformulation. Finally, we discuss the inverse Pareto eigenvalue complementarity problem PICVP. This task focuses more precisely on the resolution of PICVP where we present a new method, “Inverse Lattice Projection Method ILPM”, to solve such problems
Porter, Jean-Olivier. "Les fondements de la théorie marxienne de la valeur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26551/26551.pdf.
Full textKach, Kach Mohamed. "Valeur, travail, profit et l'actualité de la théorie ricardienne." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOE005.
Full textStarting from a reflection on the ricardian theory, the subject of this study is to question ourselves on the fundamental macroeconomic relation between the theory of value and that of distribution. From this viewpoint we are trying to show that the ricardian problem of the autonomous determination of value (based on labour) is real and can logically be solved irrespective of the variables of distribution. The solution is in the redefinition of the concept of the payment of salaries. In this respect, the keynesian contribution is of the greatest importance : labour, which to the classics is an ill-defined dimension, finds its only logical expression in the notion of nominal salary. But in its turn, this definition of labour demands a deep revision of the concept of money. Eventually the analysis shows that money, being itself a pure nominal form, its allotment to the payment of salaries provides the explanation so much sought-after by ricardo. Indeed, value relying entirely on nominal salary, product is thus measured independently of its distribution (in real salaries and profits). The reduction of product in a purely salary-related entity does not clash with the existence of profit which, in its profound nature, appears as a simple deduction from salaries
Venel, Xavier. "Existence de la valeur uniforme dans les jeux répétés." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10027/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we consider a general model of two-player zero-sum repeated game and particularly the problem of the existence of a uniform value. A repeated game has a uniform value if both players can guarantee the same payoff in all games beginning today and sufficiently long, independently of the length of the game. In a first chapter, we focus on the cases of one player, called Partial Observation Markov Decision Processes, and of Repeated Games where one player is perfectly informed and controls the transitions. It is known that these games have a uniform value. By introducing a new metric on the probabilities over a simplex in Rm, we show the existence of a stronger notion, where the players guarantee the same payoff on all sufficiently long intervals of stages and not uniquely on the one starting today. In the next two chapters, we show the existence of the uniform value in two special models of repeated games : commutative repeated games in the dark, where the players do not observe the state variable, but the state is independent of the order the actions are played, and repeated games with a more informed controller, where one player controls the transition and has more information than the second player. In the last chapter, we study the link between the uniform convergence of the value of the n-stage games and the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of optimal strategies in the n-stage game. For each n, we consider n-stage optimal strategies and the payoff they are guaranteeing during the ln first stages with 0 < l < 1. We study the asymptotic of this payoff when n goes to infinity
Oualhadj, Youssouf. "Le problème de la valeur dans les jeux stochastiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766347.
Full textFessler, Damien. "Valeur et mesure dans les " Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses " d'Antoine-Augustin Cournot." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163290.
Full textCette thèse montre que, loin de constituer une rupture avec la théorie économique dominante, la démarche des Recherches traduit au contraire l'attachement de Cournot au concept classique de valeur, caractérisé par la coexistence de plusieurs registres d'évaluation, hiérarchisés et articulés entre eux. Cette thèse montre en outre l'originalité de la posture épistémologique de Cournot et la manière dont il conçoit l'intervention des mathématiques dans la connaissance.
Tran, Hai Hac. "Loi de la valeur et niveaux d'abstraction du capital." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131024.
Full textLamotte, Bruno. "La complexité du travail : de la théorie de la valeur à l'efficience productive." Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21008.
Full textJacob, Jean-Baptiste. "La valeur dans la jurisprudence constitutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D094.
Full textThe idea that law is unrelated to value is a commonplace in modern legal thinking. For this reason, it deserved to be questioned. If law is above all a discourse, value is certainly an object of that discourse, as evidenced by the many controversies that the notion is likely to provoke. Norm and value, legal norm and moral value, fact and law, are examples of the controversies that the issue of values is likely to generate. Contrary to common belief, the analysis shows that value constitutes a real legal object for which it is possible, within a particular field of legal discipline and following a specific conceptualization approach, to report. First, the analysis shows that the value belongs to the normative gender (intension of the concept). It thus contributes to the legal rationality. If the value can be understood as a norm, it is, in any case, a specific norm; distinct from the way in which legal thought has, until now, conceived the legal norm. Legal value is then a substantially valid norm - as opposed to the formally valid legal norm - but also a hypothetical norm - as opposed to the categorical moral value. Defined in this way, value is particularly suited to explain certain contemporary developments specific to the legal phenomenon (development of fundamental rights, convergence of legal systems, evolution from constitutionality control to proportionality control). Secondly, the analysis shows that, defined in this way, values are omnipresent in constitutional jurisprudence (extension of the concept). The value propositions constitute the essential terms of the French constitutional judge's decision and also guide its interpretation. In the first case, the values are indeed reference norms of the decision and are then embodied in the language categories mobilized by the constitutional judge – in particular the constitutional requirements, necessities and imperatives. In the second case, the values constitute the sense of the decisions of the constitutional judge and make it possible to assign a certain rationality to constitutional normativity – constitutionality
Fabbri, Véronique. "La valeur esthétique de l'oeuvre d'art : du desenchantement de l'art à une critique de l'esthétique et une théorie de la valeur des oeuvres d'art." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT5004.
Full textDross, William. "Le mécanisme de l'accession. Eléments pour une théorie de la revendication en valeur." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457621.
Full textMignon, Astrid. "Théorie de la valeur et connaissance évaluative dans la situation de première impression." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20004.
Full textDross, William. "Le mécanisme de l'accession : élements pour une théorie de la revendication en valeur." Nancy 2, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457621.
Full textLipsitz, Mario. "La Théorie de la valeur à travers les textes philosophiques de Karl Marx." Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA080001.
Full textMatei, Ana-Maria. "Première valeur propre du p-Laplacien et applications p-harmoniques." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4008.
Full textPichet, Eric. "Convergence des pratiques de gouvernance dans les grandes sociétés cotées à actionnariat dispersé." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0161.
Full textThe researcher community is currently rife with bitter debate about the possible convergence between corporate governance practices. The present study uses the concept of shareholder value to broach this topic in a theoretical framework integrating contributions made in the fields of management and economics by the contractualist (analysing the distribution of organisational rents) and cognitive (analysing how firms create value) schools of thought. Based on a sample of 200 large publicly listed companies, all global players featuring dispersed shareholdings, we show how between 1994 and 2004 there was a trend towards the convergence of governance practices (main hypothesis), as well as an acceleration therein (secondary hypothesis). We then analyse the drivers behind this convergence process and try to identify the basic corporate governance principles that apply to large listed companies. This study paves the way towards further research on listed companies and helps to build a new corporate governance theory synthesizing the contractualist and cognitivist perspectives
Bernier, Nicolas. "John Dewey et la théorie de la valuation : quelle pertinence pour l’éthique appliquée aujourd’hui?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8797.
Full textCausse, Anne. "La valeur du temps de transport : de l'usage des théories micro-économiques de l'affectation du temps dans les modèles désagrégés aléatoires de transport : prévision de trafic, évaluation de projet." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10039.
Full textKim, Kyung-Eung. "Etudes de la fonction valeur en présence des contraintes d'état." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090005.
Full textRodrigues, Vieira Zaïra. "Catégories et méthode dans la théorie de la valeur de Marx : sur la dialectique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100198/document.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse Marx’s work of maturity, especially his theory of value, from the point of view of the categories and of the method, and starting from a perspective which considers the theoretical and methodological aspects as dependent from the analysis of the content or of the object of research. In the formulation of the abstractions that appear in the first section of Capital, we study in detail particularly the role of the discovery of the category of labour force, that, in a way not made clear by the form of exposition of the first chapters, includes the historical relationships inside which Marx’s abstractions made themselves concrete. Afterwards we test the analytical results we achieved, examining, among the interpretations of Marx’s thought, especially those which start from an epistemological point of view and conceive the method as a construction or as a logic ruling the phenomena. To fulfil this task, we turned to Lukács’ last works, especially the ones on the ontology of the social being, that, avoiding Engels’ procedure of bringing out dialectic as a method or as a logic, make understandable the real nature of Marx’s abstractions without ending nevertheless in an empiristic or mechanistic philosophical conception
Dakhli, Zakaria. "Déploiement de la théorie du Lean dans la chaîne de valeur de la construction." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0015.
Full textLean theory (also referred to as Lean Management or Lean) is a systematic way of thinking, first developed in the manufacturing industry, to eliminate waste. Concrete and practical by nature, this new “way of managing the production” affects the day-to-day practices and eventually aims at rationalizing the processes through the application of operational methods. While construction practitioners and researchers have always been concerned with the issue of efficiency, Lean theory applied to construction offers new alternative forms of organizing the production in the construction industry. However, more research is required to fill the existing gap between these principles and their actual application in construction. Using infield case studies, we explore the adaptation of lean principles throughout the construction value chain. The first and second chapters introduce lean manufacturing in real estate development and highlight the struggle of majority of construction companies to complete projects on time and within budgets, thus ensuring customer satisfaction. The third chapter presents a structured framework for the application of Lean in the “Bidding phase”. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 explore the "Construction" phase and particularly site logistics through Kitting; we'll see how this new emerging practice in construction falls within the Lean theory. Finally, we wrap up with an implementation model that was tested in 3 experimental pilot projects
Duong, Ahn Tuan. "Théories spectrale et de résonances pour l'opérateur de Schrödinger avec champ magnétique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_duong.pdf.
Full textVaudreuil, Marc-André. "L’esthétique phénoménologique et la théorie de la valeur Husserl, Geiger et le cercle de Munich." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040119.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the phenomenological aesthetics of Edmund Husserl and his followers of the Munich Circle. Under the joint influence of Husserl and Theodor Lipps, Munich phenomenologists Aloys Fischer, Theodor Conrad and Moritz Geiger founded phenomenological aesthetics at the turn of the twentieth century. Aesthetics was for them, as for Husserl, a « science of value » [Wertwissenschaft]. The first chapter outlines the program of the Munich Circle in aesthetics, defines the phenomenological method, and distinguiches it from psychological and philosophical of metaphysical aesthetics. The second focuses on the history of the phenomenological movement from its origins in the School of Lipps in Munich to the First World War and on the « phenomenology of the object » which played a central role in the development of the aesthetics of the Munich Circle. The third and fourth chapters present a reconstruction of the aesthetics of Husserl’s works from the period of Göttingen (1901-1916) and address his conception of aesthetics attitude as an « interest in the mode of appearance » as well as his theory of « objectification » or « constitution » of values. The last chapter discusses the aesthetics of Moritz Geiger from is article on aesthetic enjoyment in 1913 to is posthumous work Die Bedeutung der Kunst, and deals with the problem of the unity of his thought concerning aesthetics of value
Sánchez, Osorio José Francisco. "La valeur économique comme modalité d'action chez Marx." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20072/document.
Full textThis work offers an interpretation of the category of economic value which is an alternative to the “economistic” reads of Marx. Instead of speaking of the “labor theory of value of Marx” and instead of questioning the veracity of this theory in terms of ability to predict commodity prices from what is stated in The Capital, we offer to focus on the form of economic value. We believe that it is possible to consider the form of economic value from the perspective of human action. Thus, the economic value would be the categorical reflection of a form of action characterized by the fact that men can’t behave vis-à-vis each other, vis-à-vis the natural world and vis-à vis the social world, without running a certain category of substance as a condition of possibility, as a mediator and as a principle of rationalization of their behavior. This understanding of the economic value involves taking into account the quantification of the substance in order to make operative most part of the interactions. This quantification can be seen as a social norm which is in the actions of men without it being, however, an intellectual act taking place “in their head”
Mejri, Imen. "Maturité de la dette, structure du capital et valeur de l'entreprise." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010051.
Full textDurand, Stéphanie. "Éléments théoriques et empiriques sur la valeur d'existence : application à trois espèces menaçées régionales." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40011.
Full textSharafeddine, Randa. "Une théorie du cash-flow associée à l'évaluation des actions et à la valeur ajoutée économique." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40030.
Full textThis thesis would explain how the concept of cash-flow net will be used in stock valuation and in the computation of the economic value added. It is divided into two parts : the first part treats the traditional concepts of value creation. It demonstrates the importance of the information content in dividend policy as a mean of communication between the entreprise and the market. It suggests the importance of this tradeoff between risk and return in value cration. The second part introduces a theory of stock valuation based on cash-flow analysis to price stocks, where the cash receipts and the cash payments of the firm is projected for each time period for ever where a continuous adjustment of the variables affecting the discounted present value of the cash-flow stream will show its effect on the value of the company's stock. Not only does this starting point by-pass certain measurement problems, but it also direct attention to the relevant variables in a manner that other approaches may not. The financial manager is now required to generate a chas-flow net not only ti satisfay the explicit cost but also the implicit cost of the providers of funds in order to create value. And to determine the optimal cash balance that minimizes opportunity cost and maximizes shareholder's wealth
Orain, Arnaud. "Choix individuels, morale et théorie de la valeur dans l'oeuvre de l'abbé de Condillac (1714-1780)." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010022.
Full textHuchette, Jocelyn. "La "gaieté française" : théories et représentations du caractère national dans la littérature des Lumières." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040206.
Full textAs a literary myth and a source of more or less well-considered nostalgiae, the gaiety of the French eighteenth century is looked upon as an exception of history, a golden age of the " civilisation des mœurs ". For Voltaire's contemporaries, " French gaiety " especially fits into the general picture of the " caractère des nations ". Du Bos, then Montesquieu, elaborated the theory, thus renewing the hippocratic tradition of temperament and climate. By doing so, they also gave a new conceptual tool to the political thought of Enlightenment, from which the " nation " was to be considered with the Revolution. The point of this study, far from any patrimonial sympathy, is, on one hand, to analyze the idea of the nation as a representation, in a sense that it is literary as well as juridical; on the other hand, to recount the genesis of the nation as a moral person, whereas it remained considered, according to the climatical scheme, as a " physical " person, submitted to the same natural determinism as the individual. Law and literature meet on this complex and unsteady ground of " mores ", with the French nation inventing itself as an autonomous subject, whilst previously it was confined the absolutist vision within the building of the state
Hachette, Isabelle. "Opérations financières, valeur de la firme et richesse des actionnaires : le cas français 1980-1990." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090030.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the impact of capital structure changes on a firm's value and its stockholders' wealth. Financial operations leading to important capital structure changes were identified through an institutional analysis of French capital markets between 1980 and 1990. The methodology used is that of event studies. Stocks and bonds issues are found to have no impact on stock prices. Convertible bonds issued lead, on average, to a -0,56 % decrease in stock prices. When bonds to which warrants are attached, develop a speculative bubble around the day the issue is announced
Castaingts, Teillery Juan. "Essai sur la détermination des revenus d'après la théorie des prix de production : application à l'économie mexicaine." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100260.
Full textMorel, Didier. "Du rapport au réel au rapport à l'autre : connaissance et valeur : essai d'anthropologie philosophique." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30019.
Full textMahout, Jérôme. "Genèse des schémas de la reproduction dans "le capital" : valeur et monnaie." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100023.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis aims at showing how, in Marx’s works, reading of "reproduction schemes" in terms of a theory of value is rooted in a scientific approach with is true to classical political economy. Marx was bound to fail when attempting to find a guarantee for his surplus value theory amounted to a groundless reconstruction since Marx’s did not coincide with Quesnay’s episteme. Quesnay grounded his own theatrical way of thinking on Malebranche’s, on 18th century classical knowledge which was permeated with mathematical classification as the "economic table" shows for Marx, the economic reproduction theory was to provide the general scheme of the economic structure. But the economic structure was grounded on a theory of value and therefore failed to be consistent with its own bases. Moreover it was at variance with Marx’s critical project of breaking with the physico-empirical foundations of political economy. When Quesnay devised a theory of economic circulation, he did away with a theory of value, which was not taken up by Marx. Along with the research work of the "heterodox movement" (Benetti, Cartelier, Fradin, Deleplace, Aglietta, Orlean. . . ) It is possible to redirect Marx’s plan. This new monetary theory consists in starting economic science anew with the monetary relation
Marsal, Christine. "Création de valeur des TIC et banques de réseau : une contribution de la théorie de l'architecture organisationnelle." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOE012.
Full textHaving a better knowledge of Information and Communication Technologies (I. C. T. ) contributions to value creation in retail banking is the main aim of our doctoral dissertation. Our purpose is to lightening the ICT place in retail bank internal coordination through the organizational architecture (O. A. ) theory. We focus our analysis on two directions. From one part, ICT have influence on value creation by a better technological use. From another part, ICT value creation comes from its influence on organizational architecture components : decision rights assignment, reward system and performance evaluation system. Modifying decision rights assignment, ICT implementation could explain both centralization and decentralization of the firms. In this case, value is created by the consistency of O. A. Components. The dissertation is organized as follow, the first part describes ICT investment specificity. In the second part , we develop our modeling. The third part presents our results
Tiffon, Guillaume. "La création de valeur par le client : de la marchandise service à la théorie du néo-surtravail." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0021/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the role played by customers in the productive efficiency of service firms. After introducing the concept of value of its framework and defining what characterizes a “marchandise service”, it relies on a survey conducted among customers and staff of different sectors (fast food, chain store retail, call centers and paramedical ones), to show that there are four sorts of customers’ contribution to the productive efficiency of service firms. The first one is the “astreinte client”. It is the consequence of a specific work organization, and it helps to reduce the porosity of the working time of the staff. The second one is the customers’ managerial contribution. It refers to the role played by customers in the management, and to the attitude to work of front office experts. The third one is the intensification of their informational contribution. It is found in certain service situations, as a result of pressure from staff and other customers. Finally, the fourth one is the increase of their participation in the production process. Basically, it refers to all service situations in which customers take on new tasks in place of front office experts. These different sorts of customers contribution are the pieces of a puzzle which, when discussed with the theories of value and exploitation of K. Marx, create the néo-surplus labour theory and the fundamental concepts of this thesis : the extra neo surplus value, and the relative neo surplus value
Arriaga, Costa Carlos. "La valeur de la réputation bancaire en information incomplète : aspects théoriques et application au cas portugais." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0504.
Full textCourtin, Sébastien. "Essais sur les mécanismes de décision collective : sponsoring, renforcement et valeur des jeux." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0670.
Full textSocial choice theory and game theory provide the usual tools used by economists to study political phenomena, and in particular electoral behavior. The three essays provided in this work are based on concepts developed by these theories. In the first part, using a probabilistic approach, we study two families of voting rules. On the one hand, for two parliamentary voting procedures (which are two rules in use in Parliaments), the amendment procedure and the successive elimination procedure, we evaluate the frequency at which these rules are vulnerable to the strategic sponsoring, following the work of Dutta and Pattanaik (1978). On the other hand, for sequential positional rules, we study the precise conditions at which all these rules violate the reinforcement axiom (Smith 1973 and Young 1974). And then, this contribution will be completed by the measure of the occurrence of this phenomenon. The second part is concerned with the measure of the individual power in some bargaining processes. Taking Albizuri, Aurrekoetxea and Zarzuelo (2006) and van den Brink and van der Laan (2005) contribution as the starting point, we determine a class of share functions for games in configurational structure, where coalitions are unnecessarily disjoint. This class of functions generalizes the power index developed by Owen (1977,1981). Furthermore, in order to complete our theoretical analysis, two applications are provided, one about the European Parliament, and the other about some legislative elections
Declerck, Gunnar. "Phénoménologie et psychologie du tangible : éléments pour une théorie de la valeur cognitive et pratique de la résistance." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1865.
Full textMan, even though hem ay sometimes dream of being a pure spirit free from all materialconstraints, actually exists as a body in a world which is itself essentially constructed as a spatialized system of bodies ; and in this constructed world features such as resistance, impenetrability, inertia, weight and forces are not accidents or exceptions but the rule. The reflexions presented in this work aim at elucidating on a phenomenological level the relation that man entertains with the tangible aspects of his environment, and the function that this relation plays in the construction of the differents sectors of his existence. The first of the sectors is perception : the opening on an ambient world that is pregnant with organisation and meaning. On the one hand, we shall take into account and conceptualize the way in which the tangibility of the world (the testing experience that the individual can have of resistance of his environment in the frame of a direct bodily relation with that environment, but more generally the understanding that the individual possesses of the very possibility of such a relation) participates in setting up the rationality by which man renders his world intelligible. On the other hand, we shall identify the structures of « subjectivity » (to speak the language of psychology, the structures of cognition) which make possible the specific way in which man constructs his experience and understanding of tangible resistance – whether this resistance is perceived in the context of an actual bodily engagement, or whether it is envisaged « indirectly » in the guise of a « simple » possibility. We shall show here, on the basis of phenomenological analyses as well as elements coming from empirical psychology (experimental psychology as well as neuropsychology), that the relation that ma has with the resistance of his ambient world depends on an opening towards the possible; and that the organisation of the ambient world in the form of a space which can contain material structures, or structures capable of opposing a resistance to the body, depends on a rationality which consists of making phenomena intelligible by interpreting them with reference to those capacities for action and for passion which the body confers on us, to the power that the body provides us with and the constraints to which it submits us. Thus, even though the realm of material things – tangible objects, bodies – functions as an archetype of « presense » and of « being » (indeed, what is more « real » than a body ?), in the last resort it gains its phenomenal character form the fact that it crystallizes for the person who perceives it a stream of virtual possibilities; hence, the here-and-now presence of the « tangible world » is in an essential way indebted to the realm of that which is not actually realized
Llerena, Patrick. "Décision avec incertitude et irréversibilité : fondements de la théorie de la valeur d'option et application aux investissements productifs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10006.
Full textPnevmatikos, Nikolaos. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux : valeur asymptotique des jeux dépendant de la fréquence et décompositions des jeux finis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E026/document.
Full textThe problems addressed and results obtained in this thesis are divided in two parts. The first part concerns the study of the asymptotic value of frequency-dependent games (FD-games). We introduce a differential game associated to the FD-game whose value leads to a Hamilton-Jacob-Bellman-lsaacs equation. Although an irregularity occurs at the origin, we prove existence of the value in the differential game played over [0.1 ], which allows to prove that the value of the FD-game, as the number of stages tend to infinity, converges to the value of the continuous-time game with initial state 0. ln the second part, the objective is the decomposition of the space of finite games in subspaces of suitable games which admit disguised equilibria and more tractable analysis. This part is divided in two chapters. In the first chapter, we establish a canonical decomposition of an arbitrary game into three components and we characterize the approximate equilibria of a given game in terms of the uniform equilibrium and the equilibrium in dominant strategies that appear in its components. In the second part, we introduce a family of inner products in the space of finite games and we define the class of harmonic games relatively to the chosen inner product. Inspired of the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition applied to games by Candogan et al (2011 ), we establish an orthogonal decomposition of the space of finite games with respect to the chosen inner product, in the subspaces of potential harmonic and non-strategic games and we further generalize several results of Candogan et al (2011)
Djeddour, Khédidja. "Estimation récursive du mode et de la valeur modale d'une densité : test d'ajustement de loi." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0016.
Full textTrélat, Emmanuel. "Etude asymptotique et transcendance de la fonction valeur en contrôle optimal. Catégorie log-exp en géométrie sous-riemannienne dans le cas Martinet." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS076.
Full textPerez, Jean-Marc. "Intérêt et limites des modèles de prévision de la valeur énergétique des aliments destinés au porc." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20108.
Full textZhang, Xinwei. "Prise en compte de la valeur ajoutée client dans la spécification des exigences." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0004/document.
Full textRecently customer-based product development is becoming a popular paradigm. Customer needsand expectations are identified and transformed into requirements in systematic processes for productdesign with the help of various methods and tools. However, in many cases, these approaches fail tofocus on the perceived value that is crucially important when customers make the decision ofpurchasing a product. The requirements specification derived from these approaches are typicallyvalue-implicit.In this thesis, a prescriptive approach to derive value-based requirements specification is proposedby integrating the concept of value into the house of quality of quality function deployment. Anintegrated set of theories, methods and concepts is introduced in order to mitigate the sevenmethodological problems of house of quality regarding to establishing appropriate value-basedrequirements specification. The foundations of the approach include concepts of objective, valuemodel and consequence model, methods of means-ends objectives network, fundamental objectiveshierarchy, response surface methodology and value-driven design, and theory of multi-attribute utilitytheory. The procedure of the approach is a four-step process: (1) identify and structure objectives frominitial customer statements of expectations, (2) specify attributes and construct customer value model,(3) transform fundamental objectives into engineering characteristics to construct system value model,and (4) derive component value models from system value model. Through this procedure, initialcustomer statements can be reasonably derived into customer value model, system value model andcomponent value model. The benefits of the approach are that it enables (1) reasonably qualifying andquantifying customer value, and performing value modeling and simulation, (2) perceived customervalue being subsequently used reactively for design evaluation, and proactively for value-drivendesign.The approach is applied in the context of a European Community’s R&D project CRESCENDO tohelp constructing airlines’ group value model for commercial aircraft development. This applicationfocuses on the first two-steps of the approach, and the value models are implemented in businesssoftware Vanguard Studio
Bougaret, Sophie. "Prise en compte de l'incertitude dans la valorisation des projets de recherche et développement : la valeur de l'information nouvelle." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT016G.
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