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Journal articles on the topic 'Theories of rhetoric'
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Mao, Luming. "Thinking beyond Aristotle: The Turn to How in Comparative Rhetoric." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 3 (May 2014): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.3.448.
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Any modest attempt in comparative rhetoric to think beyond aristotle and beyond a single culture is enough to reveal Diversity in the use of language to converse, to instruct, and to persuade and in the concepts and theories developed to inform language practices. Since the publication, in 1971, of Robert Oliver's Communication and Culture in Ancient India and China, one of the early studies that recognized the need for and benefits of studying non-Euro-American rhetorics, comparative rhetoric has made significant advances as interest in moving beyond Euro-American-centrism in studies of rhetoric steadily grows. Comparative rhetoric, committed to different ways of knowing and speaking and to different forms of inquiry, investigates across time and space communicative practices that frequently originate in noncanonical contexts and are often marginalized, forgotten, or erased altogether. Acting in response to globalization, comparative rhetoric aims to transform dominant rhetorical traditions and paradigms. As an interdisciplinary enterprise, it intersects with cognate studies and theories to challenge the prevailing power imbalances and patterns of knowledge production.
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Perkins, Mark. "Linguistics and Classical Theories of Rhetoric: Connections and Continuity." I V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-i).01.
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The Connections between ancient approaches to rhetoric, as found in Plato and Aristotle, the prime ancient theorists of rhetoric, and modern linguistic approaches to register and genre theory, as in Hallidayan linguistics, show continuity of thought across the centuries. They also suggest that there may be such things as universal rhetorical principles as evidenced in various schemata. However, ethical considerations comprised an essential part of the ancient view of rhetoric. A major feature of the modern age is the opportunity to employ techniques of persuasion by means of new technological channels such as social media and blogs. As the use of these techniques have ethical consequences, so ethical considerations are becoming more prominent and perhaps should be incorporated into linguistic models of register.
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Jouanno, Corinne. "Michael Psellos on Rhetoric." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2021.1.12.
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"The present paper is focused on Psellos’ letters, which contain a number of remarks on his role as a teacher of rhetoric and as a rhetor active at the imperial court, as well as many comments on his correspondents’ and his own style – including considerations on kinds and levels of style, Atticism and sophistry, and judgements on the great rhetorical models of the past. The examination of all these passages makes it possible to highlight the way Psellos constructs his own image as an expert in rhetoric, familiar with Hermogenean theories, but also heavily influenced by Dionysios of Halikarnassos’ aesthetic conceptions. The great diversity of models with whom he identifies testifies to his stylistic versatility and his frequent adoption of a polemical stance can be read as a claim to independence of mind and originality. Keywords: rhetoric, epistolary genre, levels of style, aesthetic, Atticism. "
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Till, Dietmar. "Affekt contra ars: Wege der Rhetorikgeschichte um 1700." Rhetorica 24, no. 4 (2006): 337–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2006.24.4.337.
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Abstract This paper pursues the thesis that there was a break in the history of rhetoric around 1700, when the traditional concept of rhetoric as an ars was replaced by that of a rhetoric of emotion. The argument goes back to Quintilians notion of an artificiosa eloquentia. It is demonstrated how, in the early enlightenment, the ars-centered concept of rhetoric was carried over into that of a natural rhetoric which placed the fertile power of emotion above rhetorical tradition. As a result, the currency of ancient theories was permanently diminished.
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Mack, Peter. "Twenty-fourth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Erasmus’ Contribution to Rhetoric and Rhetoric in Erasmus’ Writing." Erasmus Of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 32, no. 1 (2012): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-00000004.
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This paper claims that Erasmus was the most important and influential theorist of rhetoric in the Renaissance and that Erasmus’ thinking is heavily influenced by rhetoric. After showing that Erasmus wrote the most successful rhetoric textbooks of the sixteenth century and that he ontinued to compose and revise rhetoric books from the 1490s right up to his death in 1536, the paper argues that rhetorical ideas condition Erasmus’ way of thinking and arguing about editing, commentary, and religious teaching. Then the paper analyses in more detail Erasmus’ contribution as a theorist of rhetoric in the areas of: rhetoric and reading, the audience, adaptation of the three genres of classical rhetoric, invention, proverbs, descriptions, comparisons, style, imitation, emotion, and decorum. Finally the paper argues that Erasmus the writer made use of his rhetorical theories but also went beyond the prescriptions of the textbook, discussing the Adages and the Praise of Folly. Erasmus develops the deeply playful originality of his work from the rhetorical principles of declamation, topical invention, irony, ethos, and decorum.
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Price-Thomas, Gareth, and Nick Turnbull. "Thickening Rhetorical Political Analysis with a Theory of Distance: Negotiating the Greek Episode of the Eurozone Crisis." Political Studies 66, no. 1 (August 23, 2017): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717708764.
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Rhetoric has re-emerged in political analysis. We identify two broad trends in the rhetorical analysis of politics, ‘thin’ and ‘thick’. Thin conceptions view rhetoric as primarily a matter of oratory. In contrast, the proponents of Rhetorical Political Analysis have developed an emerging thick approach, in which rhetorical concepts are applied more broadly and with more depth. However, this approach is significantly limited in its influence because it does not adequately speak to other sub-disciplines in political science, in which non-rhetorical theories are preferred. This shortcoming is addressed by applying Meyer’s new philosophy of rhetoric. The approach supports methodological extension through a theory of practice, grounded in social distance. An analysis of the Greek episode of the Eurozone crisis shows how rhetoric is used by key actors for the purpose of strategic positioning, in concert with non-rhetorical means of distanciation, namely, economic and political relations.
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Palenchar, Michael J. "Concluding Thoughts and Challenges." Management Communication Quarterly 25, no. 3 (June 28, 2011): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318911409670.
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This special issue of Management Communication Quarterly mines the rhetorical heritage to explore the challenges facing those who engage in and critique external organizational rhetoric, setting its sights on helping organizations make society a better place to live. Toward this end, rhetoric focuses on strategic communication influences that at their best result from or foster collaborative decisions and cocreated meaning that align stakeholder interests. This special issue demonstrates the eclectic and complex theories, applied contexts, and ongoing arguments needed to weave the fabric of external organizational communication. Over the years, Robert Heath and others have been advocates for drawing judiciously on the rhetorical heritage as guiding foundation for issues management and public relations activities. Rather than merely acknowledge the pragmatic or utilitarian role of discourse, this analysis also aspires to understand and champion its application to socially relevant ends. In that quest, several themes stand out: (a) In theory and practice external organizational rhetoric weighs self-interest against others’ enlightened interests and choices; (b) organizations as modern rhetors engage in discourse that is context relevant and judged by the quality of engagement and the ends achieved thereby; and (c) in theory and practice external organizational rhetoric weighs relationship between language that is never neutral and the power advanced for narrow or shared interests.
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Cameron, Charles, John S. Lapinski, and Charles R. Riemann. "Testing Formal Theories of Political Rhetoric." Journal of Politics 62, no. 1 (February 2000): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00009.
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Fatkhiyati, Nurrahma Restia, and Suharno Suharno. "Rhetorical Strategy and Linguistics Features in E-Petition Through Change.org." Lingua Cultura 13, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i4.6104.
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The research explored what types and how rhetorical strategy correlated with the linguistics features in e-petitions through Change.org entitled “KPK dalam Bahaya”. The data were e-petitions collected through Change.org. The analysis was holistically descriptive and included in qualitative research. The approach used critical discourse analysis by Fairclough that was using Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework and the strategy of rhetoric by Aristotle. Those theories helped the researcher to find out how the rhetorical strategy and the linguistics features created persuasive meaning. The findings indicate that euphemism, metaphor, connectives, logical connectors, rhetorical questions, and modality support the rhetoric strategy constructing the meaning beyond the words. Through one of the rhetoric strategies, pathos persuades the readers to agree to the argument and sign the e-petitions. Due to the emotional appeals, all of these language instruments help the rhetoric to provoke the readers significantly.
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Hamilton, Craig. "A cognitive rhetoric of poetry and Emily Dickinson." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 14, no. 3 (August 2005): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947005054482.
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In this article, I examine three poems by Emily Dickinson. The poems are F372, ‘After great pain, a formal feeling comes’, F598, ‘The Brain - is wider than the Sky’, and F1381, ‘The Heart is the Capital of the Mind,’ from the Franklin edition. In particular, I study the figurative language in these poems, but rather than simply identify figures, I attempt to explain how they function persuasively in cognitive terms. This approach is meant to move rhetorical criticism beyond an exercise in figure identification and towards an exercise in the explanation of the persuasive function of figures. The emphasis on figures owes something to the prominence they play not only in Dickinson’s poetry but in all poetry. One implication of cognitive linguistic theories of figures is that they point towards what I envisage as a cognitive rhetoric of poetry. A cognitive rhetoric of poetry ought to be grounded in classical theories of rhetoric and poetics on the one hand, and in cognitive linguistic theories of figures on the other. Such scope would reveal continuity between the concerns of current critics and the concerns of classical rhetoricians. It would also place equal emphasis on the poet’s production of figurative language and the reader’s comprehensive processing of it. What Dickinson’s poems are meant to reveal, ultimately, is poetry’s profoundly rhetorical nature.
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Hunter, Lynette. "Friendship, temperance and the probable: Erasmus, sermo rhetoric, and the early modern English civic state." Rhetorica 35, no. 2 (2017): 189–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2017.35.2.189.
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The essay explores Erasmus' development of a fourth category of rhetoric, the familiar, in its work as a rhetoric of the absent audience in both personal and sociopolitical contexts, and as a rhetoric resonant with early modern theories of friendship and temperance. The discussion is set against a background of Caxton's printing of the translation of Cicero's De Amicitia, because Erasmus casts friendship as the context for appropriate communication between people from quite different education and training, along with the probable rhetoric that enables appropriate persuasion. The probable rhetorical stance of temperate friendship proposes a foundation for a common weal1 based on a co-extensive sense of selfhood. This focus suggests that the familiar rhetoric set out in Erasmus' De Conscribendis epistolis draws on Cicero's rhetoric of sermo2 at the heart of friendship.3 It explores the effects of the rhetorical stance of probable rhetoric, both for personal and social writing, and for political action, and looks at the impact of sermo rhetoric on ideas of identity and civic politics in an age of burgeoning circulation of books (both script and print). The essay concludes with three post-Erasmian case studies in English rhetoric [Elyot, Wilson, Lever] that use probable rhetoric to document approaches to individual and civic agency and which offer insights into the Western neoliberal state rhetorical structures of today.
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Raskov, D. "Rhetoric of the New Institutional Economics." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 20, 2010): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-5-81-95.
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The article provides a rhetorical analysis of the New Institutional Economics based on the works of its main representatives - R. Coase, O. Williamson and D. North. The author exposes the specific features of scientific rhetoric characteristic for each of these scientists, reconstructs their biographies and shows, how and why their theories came to be integrated into mainstream economics.
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Katz, Steven B. "Sonic Rhetorics as Ethics in Action: Hidden Temporalities of Sound in Language(s)." Humanities 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9010013.
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Sonic rhetorics has become a major area of study in the field of rhetoric, as well as composition and literature. Many of the underlying theories of sonic rhetorics are based on post-Heideggerian philosophy, new materialism, and/or posthumanism, among others. What is perhaps similar across these theories of sonic rhetoric is their “turn” from language and the human in general. This short essay explores sonic rhetorics by examining three temporal dimensions found in language. Specifically, the essay focuses on the more obvious sonic dimensions of time in prosody, and then at deeper levels temporal dimensions in a couple of brief but revealing examples from ancient languages (classical Greek, and Biblical Hebrew). Further, this essay suggests some ways in which time is related to ethics in practice and action. For example, just as time is involved in the continuous creation of our increasingly vast, expanding, infinite but bounded universe, Levinas might say that time is necessary to create the ethical space, or perhaps “hypostasis,” one needs for the possibility to encounter “l’autre”—the Other. Beyond prosody, propriety, even kairos, are hidden temporal dimensions of language that may render sonic rhetorics forms of ethical practice.
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Liu, Donghong. "Comparative rhetoric and emic approaches to Chinese persuasive strategies in hotel discourse." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 29, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00029.liu.
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Abstract Many studies concerning culture and rhetoric have been restricted to the binary distinction of cultures or to etic perspectives by using western theories as framework to point out the weakness of Chinese rhetoric. Taking comparative rhetoric and emic approaches, this paper focuses on logical appeal and ethical appeal to discuss the cultural values reflected in the hotel discourses. In this study content analysis was used to encode the English and Chinese hotel introductions; quantitative method was used for data comparison and an interview for investigating the persuasiveness of the Chinese rhetorical strategies. The relation between cultural values and persuasive strategies was explored. It is concluded that cultural specificity at deep level is still an indispensable factor determining rhetorical strategies despite the globalization.
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Madsen, Carsten. "Retorik og lykke." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 44, no. 121 (June 21, 2016): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v44i121.23721.
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This article maps out the function of and interrelationship between the rhetorical and the ethical uses of happiness (eudaimonia) in Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Nicomachean Ethics and within the framework of the democratic polis in Greek antiquity. Deliberations about happiness are claimed to interdependently organize Greek rhetoric and structure the moral character (ethos) of people. Through an analysis of Pericles’ eulogy it is demonstrated how epideictic oratory can function as an argumentative deliberation that simultaneously advances happiness as a political and a personal goal. It is further proposed that the interrelationship between rhetoric and ethics makes it possible to critically test any rhetorical statement in terms of happiness. Finally, with reference to Alisdair MacIntyre, it is briefly suggested that central arguments of contemporary virtue ethics could be strengthened by taking rhetorical deliberation about happiness into account, just as rhetorical theories about ethos could benefit from the insights of contemporary eudaimonism.
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Sundaram, Sasikumar S. "Varieties of political rhetorical reasoning: norm types, scorekeepers, and political projects." International Theory 12, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 358–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175297191900023x.
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AbstractHow does rhetoric work in the pursuit of political projects in international relations? This article analyzes how rhetoric-wielding political actors engage in reasoning to bolster their position by drawing upon norms that underwrite interactions, and audiences as scorekeepers evaluate the reasoning by making a series of inferences. I call this mechanism rhetorical reasoning. Building on the existing classification of norms in constructivist international relations (IR) and utilizing three distinct norm types – instrumental, institutional, and moral – I show the different processes through which political actors deploy rhetoric to legitimize and justify political projects and the distinct logics through which scorekeepers make inferences and evaluate the project. This article contributes to IR theories of argumentation by providing a sharp conceptualization of political rhetoric and actor–audience relationships in the game. I illustrate the mechanism of rhetorical reasoning using Brazil's UN peace enforcement operation in Haiti in 2004 to give empirical evidence for the role of institutional norm type in patterns of rhetorical reasoning and contestations in international politics. Paying attention to political rhetoric in the actor–scorekeepers' relationships in this way clarifies important issues regarding the varieties of political projects and the different role of normativity in the game.
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Souders, Michael C. "Preaching the Restored Gospel: John Nicholson's Homiletic Theories for Young Mormons." Rhetorica 27, no. 4 (2009): 420–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2009.27.4.420.
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John Nicholson's The Preceptor is the first book dedicated to an explicitly Mormon rhetorical theory, which he attempts to employ in the troubled landscape of LDS missionary training. This essay examines Nicholson's advice to missionaries, and argues that The Preceptor links logos and the Holy Spirit together in homiletic division of labor, connecting traditional Christian preaching with indigenous Mormon style and theology. By studying The Preceptor we can gain an appreciation for how rhetorical theories develop specific features that reflect a particular culture's location in history and society, and examine a rhetoric that served as an alternative to mainstream American religious and secular rhetorical development.
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Saharov, Juhan. "Combining Laclauian Discourse Analysis and Framing Theory Václav Havel’s ‘Hegemonic Rhetoric’ in Charter 77." Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science 28, no. 2 (June 2021): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pc2021-2-186.
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The literature on the resistance and protest movements of Czechoslovakian dissidents and intellectuals during the communist period is abundant, but little attention has been devoted to close rhetorical analysis of the texts by the leaders of these movements. In conducting a case study of the rhetoric of the Czechoslovakian social movement Charter 77 during its early period of activity (1977–1978) as embodied in the early political essays of its leader Václav Havel and in the declaration of the movement, this article highlights the need to combine two theories in studying the rhetoric of social movement leaders: Laclauian discourse analysis and social movement framing theory. The article claims that, in order better to explain the choice of rhetoric of social movements, the two theories can be used in a single framework as an empirical method for analyzing social movements’ strategies. The study shows how combining Laclauian discourse analysis with framing theory expands social movement analysis; in combination, this framework explains the inception, emergence and choice of strategy of the Charter 77 movement.
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Verkruyse, Peter A. "The Roles of Style in George Campbell's Sermon on The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance." Rhetorica 33, no. 2 (2015): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.2.181.
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While George Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric is widely recognized as one of the most influential treatises in the history of rhetoric, little critical attention has been paid to one of his most famous sermons: "The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance." Delivered on December 12, 1776, "being the fast day appointed by the King on account of the rebellion in America," this sermon exemplifies a key contention in Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric—that the species of rhetoric "calculated to influence the will, and persuade us to a certain conduct" is "that artful mixture" of "the argumentative and the pathetic incorporated together" (2–4). Taking its cue from the importance of style in Campbell's conception of rhetoric, this essay examines the significant role played by style in both the argumentative and pathetic dimensions of Campbell's sermon and reminds us that rhetorical theories have historically been conceived as means of managing social tensions and the uncertainties within which they arise.
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Bonet, Eduard. "Exploring the boundaries of rhetoric." Journal of Organizational Change Management 27, no. 5 (August 11, 2014): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2014-0175.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the boundaries of rhetoric have excluded important theoretical and practical subjects and how these subjects are recuperated and extended since the twentieth century. Its purpose is to foster the awareness on emerging new trends of rhetoric. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on an interpretation of the history of rhetoric and on the construction of a conceptual framework of the rhetoric of judgment, which is introduced in this paper. Findings – On the subject of the extension of rhetoric from public speeches to any kinds of persuasive situations, the paper emphasizes some stimulating relationships between the theory of communication and rhetoric. On the exclusion and recuperation of the subject of rhetorical arguments, it presents the changing relationships between rhetoric and dialectics and emphasizes the role of rhetoric in scientific research. On the introduction of rhetoric of judgment and meanings it creates a conceptual framework based on a re-examination of the concept of judgment and the phenomenological foundations of the interpretative methods of social sciences by Alfred Schutz, relating them to symbolic interactionism and theories of the self. Originality/value – The study on the changing boundaries of rhetoric and the introduction of the rhetoric of judgment offers a new view on the present theoretical and practical development of rhetoric, which opens new subjects of research and new fields of applications.
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Werry, Chris. "Rhetoric and reflexivity in cognitive theories of language." Language & Communication 25, no. 4 (October 2005): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2005.07.002.
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Frandsen, Finn, and Winni Johansen. "Rhetoric, Climate Change, and Corporate Identity Management." Management Communication Quarterly 25, no. 3 (June 28, 2011): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318911409663.
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This article examines rhetorical aspects of corporate identity management practiced by corporations in many parts of the world as a consequence of the ongoing institutionalization of climate change. Through a case study, we analyze the rhetoric produced by car producers in Denmark (the three best selling brands in 2009: Peugeot, Ford, and Toyota) to identify themselves vis-à-vis external key stakeholders. The article is based on theories stemming from neoinstitutional organizational studies, especially the Scandinavian research tradition, where organizations are active “translators” that adopt new rules, norms, and ideas in accordance with their local organizational contexts. We ask what kind of impact the new external organizational rhetoric may have on the organizations concerned and on society at large: Do organizations, in the course of time, become what they claim to be?
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Szkudlarek, Tomasz. "Teoria jako ontologiczna retoryka: Rousseau i krystalizacja dyskursu pedagogicznego." Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2017.12.3.
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Assuming the ontological understanding of rhetoric, as proposed by Ernesto Laclau, the paper explores the language of educational theories in their dimensions significant in terms of the discursive construction of societies. The tropes and rhetorical strategies identified in J.J.Rousseau’s works are assumed as the point of departure for the crystallization of the modern discourse of education, here understood as an ontologically indispensable element of the political.
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Amakali, Justina Meluwa Latenda. "Persuasive speech acts in the Namibian National Assembly." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 7, no. 2 (November 8, 2016): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v7i2.5156.
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This paper examined the speech acts used by Namibian Members of Parliament (MPs) during parliamentary proceedings. The main aim of this paper was to explain speech acts and show their intended persuasive effects in parliamentary discourse. Austin (1962) introduced three types of speech acts, locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary. The paper attempted to critically demonstrate how MPs use persuasion strategies in their debates. These speech acts were uttered through assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives, as classified by Searle (1969). A qualitative approach was used in this paper whereby the Hansard were used to collect data. A purposeful sampling focusing on some MPs was used. This paper was guided by two theories, Austins Speech Act Theory and Aristotles Theory of Rhetoric. The need to apply rhetorical skills in debates is widely advocated for. Although not all members of parliament have a wide knowledge of rhetoric, acquiring and employing skills on rhetoric are prominent aspects of parliamentary debates. The findings of the paper revealed that members of parliament have the potential to use a variety of persuasive strategies in their speech acts by means of some rhetorical devices. It was concluded that most MPs deliberately make use of these speech acts as a persuasive mechanism in their discourse. Being the first study in parliamentary discourse in Namibia with regards to rhetoric, it is considered to be unique and adds value in the field of linguistics. It also serves as a pioneering research to researchers in political rhetoric.
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Ogden, Jane. "The Rhetoric and Reality of Psychosocial Theories of Health." Journal of Health Psychology 2, no. 1 (January 1997): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135910539700200103.
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Rosner, Mary. "Theories of Visual Rhetoric: Looking at the Human Genome." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 31, no. 4 (October 2001): 391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bx7b-nvrj-kf3k-bybl.
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Lund, Marie. "Retoriske figurer og stil som argumentation." Rhetorica Scandinavica, no. 45 (2008): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/zxkt8229.
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The theory of rhetorical figures played an important part in certain periods of the history of rhetoric, but lately it has not been of particular interest to rhetorical criticism. Metaphors and rhetorical figures have been the object of literary studies. The modern rhetorical criticism has treated rhetorical figures as subordinate to argumentation. The article presents a recent rhetorical theory with a primary focus on rhetorical figures as well as on argumentation. This rhetorical theory is compared with parallel perspectives of modern theories on metaphors and the analytical perspectives are explored in a reading of a debate between the rapper Niarn and the author Hanne-Vibeke Holst. Keywords rhetorical figures, metaphors, style, argumentation, rhetorical criticism
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Goodman, Mark, Stephen Brandon, and Melody Fisher. "1968: Music as Rhetoric in Social Movements." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v9.v2.p4.
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<p>In 1968 social movements sparked rhetorical discourses which occurred in many nations and on hundreds of colleges and in communities across the United States. These rhetorical discourses ultimately changed the direction of human events. Sometimes these points of ideological protests shared views on specific issues, especially demonstrations against the Vietnam War, but each conflict was also its own local conflict. There is no evidence that any specific group organized the protests, or that speakers motivated demonstrations, or that the rhetoric of one protest caused other protests. Yet, the protests were not just spontaneous fires that happened to occur in the same year. So, how is it that so many protesters shared the desire for change and shared rhetoric, but each protest was sparked by local issues? Answering that question provides insight into how the rhetoric of social movements occurred in 1968. </p><p> Many scholars call for the study of the social movements of the 1960s. Jensen (1996) argues, “The events of the 1960s dramatically increased the interest in studying social movements and forced rhetorical scholars to reconsider their methods for studying public discourse” (p. 28). To Lucas (2006), “Words became weapons in the cultural conflict that divided America” (x). Schippa (2001) wrote, “Many accounts identify the 1960s as a turning point. For better or for worse, there was a confluence of changing rhetorical practices, expanding rhetorical theories, and opportunities for rhetorical criticism. The cultural clashes of the 1960s were felt perhaps most acutely on college campuses. The sufficiency of deliberative argument and public address can be said to have been called into question, whether one was an antiwar activist who hated LBJ's war in Vietnam or a pro-establishment stalwart trying to make sense of the rhetoric of protest and demonstration. Years later, scholars would characterize war itself as rhetorical. What counted as rhetorical practice was up for grabs”(p. 261).</p> First, this paper will frame the protest movement of 1968. Then, we will search for the common factors that shaped the protests of 1968, focusing on the role of music. This analysis will provide insight into how music became a rhetorical force in a significant social movement of the 20th Century.
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Haines, Pavielle E., Tali Mendelberg, and Bennett Butler. "“I’m Not the President of Black America”: Rhetorical versus Policy Representation." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 4 (June 4, 2019): 1038–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592719000963.
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A key question in the study of minority representation is whether descriptive representatives provide superior substantive representation. Neglected in this literature is the distinction between two forms of substantive representation: rhetoric versus policy. We provide a systematic comparison of presidential minority representation along these two dimensions. Barack Obama was the first African American president, yet his substantive representation of African Americans has not been fully evaluated. Using speech and budget data, we find that relative to comparable presidents, Obama offered weaker rhetorical representation, but stronger policy representation, on race and poverty. While we cannot rule out non-racial explanations, Obama’s policy proposals are consistent with minority representation. His actions also suggest that descriptive representatives may provide relatively better policy representation but worse rhetorical representation, at least when the constituency is a numerical minority. We thus highlight an understudied tension between rhetoric and policy in theories of minority representation.
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Moshavi, Adina. "Between Dialectic and Rhetoric: Rhetorical Questions Expressing Premises in Biblical Prose Argumentation." Vetus Testamentum 65, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341182.
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Rhetorical questions expressing premises are situated at the intersection of two disciplines whose object of study is argumentation: dialectic and rhetoric. This paper examines arguments in biblical prose whose premises take the form of rhetorical questions, utilizing insights from modern dialectical and rhetorical theories of argumentation. The corpus for this study is the prose portions of Genesis-2 Kings. The nearly 130 arguments in the corpus were found to exhibit clear logical structures after undergoing reconstruction, although these structures are not necessarily deductively valid. In this, biblical arguments are typical of argumentation in natural conversation. With a few exceptions, the modes of argumentation can be classified as modus tollens, denying the antecedent, argument by consequences, or inductive reasoning. The rhetorical question plays a significant rhetorical role in these arguments, boosting the persuasive force of a disputed premise or a less-than-compelling logical relation between premises and conclusion.
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Albertson, Bethany, and Kimberly Guiler. "Conspiracy theories, election rigging, and support for democratic norms." Research & Politics 7, no. 3 (July 2020): 205316802095985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168020959859.
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Under what conditions does conspiratorial rhetoric about election rigging change attitudes? We investigated this question using a survey experiment the day before and the morning of the 2016 US presidential election. We hypothesized that exposure to conspiratorial rhetoric about election interference would significantly heighten negative emotions (anxiety, anger) and undermine support for democratic institutions. Specifically, we expected that Democrats who read conspiratorial information about interference by the Russians in US elections, and that Republicans who read conspiratorial information about interference by the Democratic Party in US elections would express less support for key democratic norms. Our evidence largely supported our hypotheses. Americans exposed to a story claiming the election would be tampered with expressed less confidence in democratic institutions, and these effects were moderated by prior partisan beliefs about the actors most likely responsible for election meddling.
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Zagarella, Roberta Martina, and Marco Annoni. "A rhetorical perspective on conspiracies." Journal of Argumentation in Context 8, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.18006.zag.
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Abstract In this paper, we analyze the persuasive effects of conspiracy theories from a rhetorical and argumentative perspective. In particular, we scrutinize a case-study – the story of the “Stamina cure” in Italy –, interpreting it as a particular instance of conspiracy theory. First, we explain what conspiracy theories are, and why they are relevant within the contemporary health debate. Second, we situate our analysis in relation to other theoretical accounts, explaining why a discursive approach may be required to study conspiracies. Third, we investigate our case-study through the lenses of the three “entechnic” proofs of rhetoric: logos, ethos, and pathos. We conclude that a rhetorical approach can shed significant light on how conspiracies achieve their persuasive effect and it provides a first step toward the elaboration of a more comprehensive model to better address the practical and political implications of conspiracy argumentations.
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Yablokov, Ilya. "Anti-Jewish Conspiracy Theories in Putin’s Russia." Tirosh. Jewish, Slavic & Oriental Studies 20 (2020): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3380.2020.20.4.3.
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This article considers two cases of antisemitic political rhetoric and explores the nature of anti-Jewish conspiracy theories in Putin’s Russia. The author concludes that anti-Jewish conspiracy theories are a somewhat marginalised intellectual product. Unlike anti-Western conspiracy theories – which are a mainstream driver of political discussions, these are rarely used by the Russian political establishment for the pur-poses of political mobilisation.
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Davis, Murray S. "'That's Classic!' The Phenomenology and Rhetoric of Successful Social Theories." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 1986): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004839318601600301.
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Clayton, Edward W. "The Audience for Aristotle's Rhetoric." Rhetorica 22, no. 2 (2004): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2004.22.2.183.
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Abstract Although there is general consensus that knowledge of Aristotle's intended audience is important for understanding the Rhetoric, there is no consensus about who that audience is. In this essay, four of the most widely accepted theories are investigated: that Aristotle is writing for the legislator of an ideal city; that Aristotle is writing for the Athenian public or an elite subset of that public; that Aristotle is writing for his students; and that the Rhetoric was written for multiple audiences over an extended period of time. Ultimately, the most plausible of these explanations is that he is writing for his students.
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Hamilton, Margaret. "The Rhetoric of Promoting Health." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hr5y-5c71-g7wt-n26f.
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This article uses Chaim Perelman's theories of argumentation to examine a recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research (2000). The IOM's text explores social and behavioral research to devise multipronged intervention strategies; it focuses on social, economic, behavioral, and political health as a means of assuring population health—and thereby expands the conventional boundaries of public health. Since Chaim Perelman's rhetoric is seldom applied in the field of health communication, employing his ideas to consider the role of style, arrangement, and argument in such a cutting-edge document can illuminate public health writing, as well as shed new light on Perelmanian rhetoric.
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Shaham, Ron. "The Rhetoric of Legal Disputation." Islamic Law and Society 22, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2015): 114–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02212p04.
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The essay deals with the bitter polemics between Neo-Ahl al-Ḥadīth and Sheikh Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī, a well-known legal scholar in the contemporary Muslim Sunni world. In addition to analyzing the substantial claims made by one party against the other one, the essay focuses on the rhetorical devices used by both parties. It analyzes these devices in light of theories of Pragmatics in the field of discourse analysis, with special attention to the distinction between a “discussion” and an “argument.” My main finding is that Qaraḍāwī’s critics seek to ruin his public “face” because, in their view “modernist-reformist” religious figures like Qaraḍāwī are agents of Western-oriented secularization, camouflaged by a pseudo-orthodox juristic dress.
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Mårtensson, Ulrika. "Prophetic Clarity: A Comparative Approach to al-Ṭabarī's Theory of Qur'anic Language, Rhetoric, and Composition." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 22, no. 1 (February 2020): 216–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2020.0417.
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The article is a comparative study of Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī's (d. 310/923) concepts of Qur'anic language, rhetoric, and composition. Al-Ṭabarī identified the Qur'an semantically and generically with the Biblical scriptures, as prophecy, and with Arabic rhetoric ( balāgha and khaṭāba). At the same time, he claimed that the Qur'an superseded them all in terms of how its forms convey God's intended message about Covenant, through its clarity of distinctions between universals and particulars, its persuasive proof, and innovative composition. Based on a comparative analysis of al-Ṭabarī's concepts, I conclude that he theorised Qur'anic language, rhetoric, and composition in ways that offer new insights into their relationship to the Biblical scriptures and Arabic rhetoric. His theory confirms and adds to parts of current research, opening up new paths for further research, also of a comparative theoretical kind. The study consists of four parts. Part 1 surveys recent research into theories of language and rhetoric in the Qur'an, as a necessary background to al-Ṭabarī. The survey will also show the relevance of Greek paradigms for the Qur'an. Developing the outcomes of this survey, Part 2 describes theories of language and rhetoric in Plato, Aristotle, the Biblical scriptures, and the Qur'an, and models the relationship between language, rhetoric, and scripture with reference to covenant and the concept of ‘belief’. Part 3 applies the model to al-Ṭabarī's theory of Qur'anic language, rhetoric, and composition. In Part 4, I develop al-Ṭabarī's definition of al-Fātiḥa (Q. 1) as a paradigm of covenantal terms that suffuses the entire Qur'anic canon, into a framework for analysing composition as the level of sura structure and genre, intertextual references and concepts, and overarching meaning.
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Lund, Marie, and Carsten Madsen. "Retorisk forhandling af følelse og stemning." Rhetorica Scandinavica 22, no. 78 (December 1, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/nuaz8351.
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Whereas most rhetorical theories of pathos focus on the strategic influence on the audience, this article aims at a broader interpretation of emotion. Considering examples from rhetorical practice, such as a sense of community in the oratorical situation, we argue that some emotions do not seem determinable within traditional rhetorical categories, nor do they relate to the persuasion of an audience. We aim to provide a better foundation for understanding the role of emotions in rhetoric. Based on Aristotle’s positioning of pathos under diathesis, the audience’s disposition for certain emotions, and on Heidegger’s interpretation thereof, we propose a distinction between a technical pathos concerned with the strategic influence on an audience, and a generalized pathos that exceeds any specific state of mind of the audience
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Stokes, Jordan. "In Search of Machaut’s Poietics." Journal of Musicology 31, no. 4 (2014): 395–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2014.31.4.395.
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Guillaume de Machaut’s Le Remede de Fortune has often been described as a didactic work addressed to would-be poets. This essay argues that the Remede also should be read as an implicit work of rhetorical and musical instruction. To this end, the Remede is placed in dialogue with Machaut’s more explicit account of the creative process in the Prologue, with other romans à chansons, such as Nicole de Margival’s Dit de la panthère d'amours, and with medieval theories of rhetoric and music, eventually arriving at a rhetorical reading of the Remede's large-scale structure, a didactic reading of the work's musical interpolations, and a fresh insight into Machaut's understanding of his own creative process.
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de Jonge, Casper. "De sobere stijl van Augustus." Lampas 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/lam2019.3.008.dejo.
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Summary This article examines the rhetorical style of Augustus' Res Gestae. Ancient sources, including Suetonius (Life of Augustus 86), describe Augustus' style in terms of elegantia and temperantia. These qualities are indeed characteristic of the style of the emperor's private letters (of which some fragments survive) and the Res Gestae. Augustus' style was influenced by his great uncle Julius Caesar and his Greek teacher of rhetoric Apollodorus of Pergamon. There are striking parallels between the ancient descriptions of Augustus' style and the theories of style in Greek rhetorical treatises of Augustan Rome. In adopting a sober style, Augustus aimed at presenting himself with the authority of a moderate man, who was to be admired throughout the empire.
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Gehrke, Pat J. "Teaching Argumentation Existentially: Argumentation Pedagogy and Theories of Rhetoric as Epistemic." Argumentation and Advocacy 35, no. 2 (September 1998): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028533.1998.11951622.
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Barakat, Sultan, and Margaret Chard. "Theories, rhetoric and practice: Recovering the capacities of war-torn societies." Third World Quarterly 23, no. 5 (October 2002): 817–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0143659022000028639.
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Johnston, Jocelyn M., and Barbara S. Romzek. "Contracting and Accountability in State Medicaid Reform: Rhetoric, Theories, and Reality." Public Administration Review 59, no. 5 (September 1999): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/977422.
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Rochmawati, Dyah. "PRAGMATIC AND RHETORICAL STRATEGIES IN THE ENGLISH-WRITTEN JOKES." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i1.6868.
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Understanding verbal jokes in English is problematic for English as Foreign Language (EFL) readers since understanding the jokes requires understanding their linguistic, cultural and social elements. Since a joke constitutes a complex and paradoxical phenomenon, it needs multiple approaches of analyses—such as pragmatic and rhetorical analyses—in order to investigate the multiple layers of meanings it carries. Recently there has been a shift in humor studies, emphasizing linguistic humors and involving the field of rhetoric. These studies, however, have mostly addressed the connection between rhetoric and spoken jokes in persuasion. The present study therefore applied Austin’s Speech Act Theory (1975) and Grice’s Cooperative Principles (1957), and Berger’s rhetorical techniques (1993) to crack the funniness of the written jokes. Specifically, the study aims at describing: how the (1) rhetorical and (2) pragmatic strategies are used in the jokes, and (3) how the pragmatic and rhetorical strategies complement to create humor. The study employed a qualitative research method. Some jokes were purposively selected from the Reader’s Digest and two online sources: http://jokes.cc.com/, and http://www.ajokeaday.com/. Document studies were the means of data collection. The collected data were then analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The results showed that that there was a relationship between the two pragmatic theories, i.e., Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principles, and Berger’s rhetorical techniques. The results offered an alternative reading and richer understanding of how written jokes employed pragmatic and rhetorical strategies to advance their rhetorical objectives and humor functions.
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Houvenaghel, Eugenia. "Las presencias de la Reto´´rica en la obra de Alfonso Reyes: Esbozo de una evolucio´´n." Rhetorica 21, no. 3 (2003): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2003.21.3.149.
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The Mexican diplomat Alfonso Reyes (1889––1959) was notable in the cultural panorama of Spanish America in the first half of the 20th century for his acquaintance with classical rhetoric, a discipline rarely studied at that time in that part of the world. This article distinguishes four aspects of rhetoric throughout Reyes' oeuvre: (i) a vulgar sense, (ii) an erudite sense, (iii) classical theories, (iv) and modern applications. In his early work, Reyes uses rhetoric in a pejorative and vulgar sense. Around the year 1940, Reyes starts to show a lively interest in rhetoric, opts definitively for an erudite sense of the term, and initiates the study of the classical art of persuasion. In his third phase, Reyes gains deeper knowledge of rhetoric, lectures on the subject, and explains his favorite orators andtheorists. Finally,his use of rhetoric reveals a commitment to the reality of Spanish America. Reyes' rhetoric is an "actualised" and "Americanised" version that shows the possibilities of the classical art of persuasion in Spanish American society.
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Weiser, M. Elizabeth. "Kenneth Burke and the New Critics." Literature of the Americas, no. 9 (2020): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2020-9-81-105.
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Most scholars of American theorist Kenneth Burke consider him a founder of the post-war New Rhetoric, a movement to shift rhetorical studies from a historic focus on persuasion to a more expansive understanding of language, dialogue, and communally constructed truths. However, Burke throughout the 1930s and 40s thought of himself primarily as a literary critic, albeit one who turned literary critical techniques to the social scene around him. Without his ongoing, often contentious dialogue with the literary scholars of the New Criticism, Burke’s rhetorical theories on the power of language to answer questions of human motivations may well have never materialized. New Criticism and New Rhetoric, therefore, forged each other in the crucible of the mid-century years of depression and war and the intellectual ferment they generated. It was Burke’s attempts to explain himself to these literary critics and exhort them to turn their critical lens to the world around them that provided the methodology for his action-analysis of the socio-political world. In this article I examine three of these contentious relationships—with Allen Tate prior to World War II, with John Crowe Ransom during the war, and with René Wellek following it. Their debates and congruences led Burke to formulate his purposely ambiguous understanding of hierarchies and norms that constitute what he termed the “wrangle” of parliamentary debate— a constitutive rhetoric that continues to drive international relations today.
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McLachlan, Hugh V., and J. K. Swales. "The Methodology Rather than the Rhetoric of Economics: McCloskey on Popper and Hume." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 9, no. 2 (April 1998): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9800900202.
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McCloskey is against what he considers to be the traditional approach to the philosophy and methodology of economics. He is specifically opposed to the philosophies (of knowledge) of Hume and, even more so, of Popper. He seems, generally, to be against philosophy or, at least, philosophy of knowledge and methodology as such and, in comparison to them, offers ‘rhetoric’ for more favourable consideration. We argue that the epistemologies of Hume and of Popper should, indeed, be rejected but that they should be rejected on philosophical and methodological grounds rather than on ‘rhetorical’ ones. While some particular methodological theories can and should, as McCloskey suggests, be abandoned, economic methodology as such stands undamaged by McCloskey’s attempted attack upon it.
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López-Muñoz, Manuel. "Actio in Some Neo-Latin Ecclesiastical Orations." Rhetorica 22, no. 2 (2004): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2004.22.2.147.
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Abstract The study of theories of actio is a basic part of Rhetoric which ought not to be neglected, especially when one is considering practical rather than literary rhetoric. The present study deals with neo-Latin ecclesiastical rhetoric and points out the differences between protestant and catholic notions about the phenomenon of preaching. The presence or absence of indications of actio permits a clear distinction among tendencies in neo-Latin theory. There is such a thing as actioin the Catholic sense, but not in the Protestant. Among catholic scholars, Fr. Luis de Granada stands out for his doctrinal focus and for the quantity of his reflections on this subject.
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Romero Farfán, César Augusto. "Sesión de Retórica: Espacio de Encodificación." Enletawa Journal 11, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/2011835x.9795.
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The topic of this article is an "Interuniversity Session of Rhetoric". It comes from a pedagogic strategy consisting of a group of students that persuasively presented linguistic theories to a group of contemporaries to try to internalize them. It is possible to apply this strategy in different classes or courses to strengthen analysis, memorization, documentation, oral and written skills, and the ability of conviction and persuasion in basic education or high education. The writing can be extended, for example, to establish how an interuniversity session of rhetoric consolidates teamwork. Finally, this article concludes on how the session of rhetoric is, definitely, a space to encode attitudes and knowledge.