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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Theory of Architecture

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Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of Architecture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of Architecture"

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Erzen-Jale, Nejdet. "Form and meaning in architectural theory." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no. 2 (2015): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1501075e.

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Often architectural theory has been articulated on prescriptive views about what architecture should be, rather than on views formulated from historical experiences and examples of architecture. In this paper I will try to offer readings of architectural form by looking at a historical example from classical Ottoman architecture and at contemporary examples, to show how different architectures treat form. In examples taken from Sinan's architecture, symbols are investigated in relation to movement, to urban settlement, to religion and power. It is hoped that this analysis will offer an understanding of how the significance of architecture in human experience and in the urban context goes beyond structure and function

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Rappaport, Alexander. "Why architectural theory is not developing." проект байкал 19, no. 72 (July 31, 2022): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.72.1998.

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This article is devoted to the problem of architecture’s relative independence from its theory. From the 18th to the 20th century, architects followed scientists in inventing theories using numbers, formulas and figures. They tried to comprehend architecture with the help of space and time categories, applying biological and linguistic theories to architecture. The author states that the phenomenon of architectural theory can only be explained from the postulate of its independence as a form of human culture.

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Becheru, Raluca. "The philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition: An enquiry on the possibility of the field and its themes." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, no. 2 (2016): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1602309b.

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The paper focuses on the new field of philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition. The research presented in this paper is part of an ongoing doctoral research concerning the connection between ethics and aesthetics in architecture. The connection between architecture and philosophy is not a novelty. Architectural theory has always looked up to philosophy for inspiration but only recently philosophers have started to study architecture in detail. Architectural theory is still a field that is in search of a better conceptual frame after the failure of the theoretical premises of the Modern Movement and the rise of the "theory speak". Architecture's features as a public art ask for a certain amount of objectivity. The philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition can contribute to a more objective conceptual frame. The principal concerns are familiar to those acquainted with continental philosophy: What makes architecture special among the arts? What is the essence of an architectural work? How we can better define architecture's social mission? But the way of answering them is different. The ethical dimension of architecture is one of the most debated subjects among architects in recent years. There are several contributions on the connection between ethics and aesthetics in the philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition. They have the potential to have an impact on architectural theory and practice.

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Winters, Edward, and Marco Frascari. "Monsters of Architecture: Anthropomorphism in Architectural Theory." Philosophical Quarterly 43, no. 171 (April 1993): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2220380.

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Nu'Man, Sabir Bin Nabeeh. "A UNIFIED ARCHITECTURAL THEORY FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.973.

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This research aims to identify criteria for sustainable design solutions to meet the needs of Muslims today. Under the theoretical framework of Nikos Salingaros’ Unified Architectural Theory, design needs and strategies derived from Islamic knowledge and values are identified and used to inform principles for building typologies, location, and movement between buildings. Green building technologies in line with Islamic values and examples of sustainability promoting policies are analyzed and used to further develop design strategies. The findings include a theoretical model that proposes the essential design criteria for appropriate architecture for the Muslim world. This research is relevant for architects designing for Muslims, who have a duty to create housing appropriate for their particular needs and cultural context.

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Perez-Gomez, Alberto, and Marco Frascari. "Monsters of Architecture: Anthropomorphism in Architectural Theory." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 46, no. 1 (September 1992): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425244.

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Pérez-Gómez, Alberto. "Monsters of Architecture: Anthropomorphism in Architectural Theory." Journal of Architectural Education 46, no. 1 (September 1992): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1992.10734536.

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Backović, Vera, and Ljubomir Maširević. "Social theory and architecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 2, no. 3 (2010): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1003227b.

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The role of architecture through history has always been important because it is a physical frame of social life and also a symbol of social values and aspirations. Architectural creations are influenced by social thought. Modernism is an outstanding example of how social goals have directed planning of the cities. After having analyzed the conditions of its emergence and its characteristics this paper points out the changes brought about by postmodernism. In the end, the attention has been drawn to the place architecture holds in the city of consumption.

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YANG, HAIJUN, MINQIANG LI, and QINGHUA ZHENG. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GRID ARCHITECTURE VIA QUEUEING THEORY." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 25, no. 06 (September 2014): 697–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054114500294.

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With the remarkable development of grid technologies, many grid architectures have been proposed which have evolved greatly in recent years. One of the major challenges for grid technologies is to build the scientific and technological base for share, collaboration, large-scale distributed systems. Theories and models of grid architectures are crucial to this attempt as well as to underpinning the foundations for constructing grid systems working effectively. On the basis of a coarse-grain classification of grid applications, we present a novel taxonomy of grid architectures: interaction-intensive architecture and computation-intensive architecture. In this paper, two new grid performance metrics are proposed to measure performance of grid systems. Then, we model grid architectures mathematically via queueing system M/M/1 and M/M/1/K; mean waiting time and total spending time are given. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of two grid architectures and compare them with each other; meanwhile a series of simulations are carried out to demonstrate the analysis results. Finally, we obtain some scientific principles guiding the grid architecture design and optimization.

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Budi Santosa, Revianto, Josef Prijotomo, and Murni Rachmawati. "Considering Ephemeral Monuments: Towards a Greener Architectural Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.192.

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The existence of buildings employing perishable material, however, is often marginalized partly because architecture is primarily understood as permanent structure built to last forever. This notion is heavily supported in Western architectural theory considering “permanence” (or “firmitas” in Vitruvian term) as one of the fundamental characteristics of architecture, especially monumental architecture which is intended to be “eternal”. To construct a permanent architecture, in general, requires greater amount of resources compared to the ephemeral. The marginalization of ephemeral architecture causes the depletion of resources due to the effort to make most of the buildings permanent since only those which withstand the ravage of time are deemed valuable as architecture This paper explores some meaningful pieces of architecture having values of monuments in Java yet they are constructed as ephemeral architecture requiring periodical renewal. The discussion on these ephemeral monuments will focus on the way perishable material is composed, the way renewal actions are conducted and the meaning of the monuments for their people are enhanced by these actions. In the conclusion, some criticism towards mainstream architectural theory is addressed by including ephemerality in the notion of [monumental] architecture so that we may proceed towards greener architectural theory in which the ephemeral has respectable roles.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of Architecture"

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Parkes, P. I. "Post-modern architecture theory : A critique." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373870.

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Best, Michael Lloyd. "Microevolutionary language theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9024.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-245).
A new microevolutionary theory of complex design within language is proposed. Experiments were carried out that support the theory that complex functional design - adaptive complexity - accumulates due to the evolutionary algorithm at the simplest levels within human natural language. A large software system was developed which identifies and tracks evolutionary dynamics within text discourse. With this system hundreds of examples of activity suggesting evolutionary significance were distilled from a text collection of many millions of words. Research contributions include: (1) An active replicator model of microevolutionary dynamics within natural language, (2) methods to distill active replicators offering evidence of evolutionary processes in action and at multiple linguistic levels (lexical, lexical co-occurrence, lexico-syntactic, and syntactic), (3) a demonstration that language evolution and organic evolution are both examples of a single over-arching evolutionary algorithm, (4) a set of tools to comparatively study language over time, and (5) methods to materially improve text retrieval.
by Michael Lloyd Best.
Ph.D.

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Reu, Caroline Marie. "Corporate, cirque, commute : an adaptation of situationist theory to contemporary america." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23450.

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Todd, Jeffrey M. "Einstein's film theory of montage and architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21653.

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Sharma, Jonathan. "STASE: set theory-influenced architecture space exploration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52330.

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The first of NASA's high-level strategic goals is to extend and sustain human activities across the solar system. As the United States moves into the post-Shuttle era, meeting this goal is more challenging than ever. There are several desired outcomes for this goal, including development of an integrated architecture and capabilities for safe crewed and cargo missions beyond low Earth orbit. NASA's Flexible Path for the future human exploration of space provides the guidelines to achieve this outcome. Designing space system architectures to satisfy the Flexible Path starts early in design, when a downselection process works to reduce the broad spectrum of feasible system architectures into a more refined set that contains a handful of alternatives that are to be considered and studied further in the detailed design phases. This downselection process is supported by what is referred to as architecture space exploration (ASE). ASE is a systems engineering process which generates the design knowledge necessary to enable informed decision-making. The broad spectrum of potential system architectures can be impractical to evaluate. As the system architecture becomes more complex in its structure and decomposition, its space encounters a factorial growth in the number of alternatives to be considered. This effect is known in the literature as combinatorial explosion. For the Flexible Path, the development of new space system architectures can occur over the period of a decade or more. During this time, a variety of changes can occur which lead to new requirements that necessitate the development of new technologies, or changes in budget and schedule. Developing comprehensive and quantitative design knowledge early during design helps to address these challenges. Current methods focus on a small number of system architecture alternatives. From these alternatives, a series of 'one off' -type of trade studies are performed to refine and generate more design knowledge. These small-scale studies are unable to adequately capture the broad spectrum of possible architectures and typically use qualitative knowledge. The focus of this research is to develop a systems engineering method for system-level ASE during pre-phase A design that is rapid, exhaustive, flexible, traceable, and quantitative. Review of literature found a gap in currents methods that were able to achieve this research objective. This led to the development of the Set Theory-Influenced Architecture Space Exploration (STASE) methodology. The downselection process is modeled as a decision-making process with STASE serving as a supporting systems engineering method. STASE is comprised of two main phases: system decomposition and system synthesis. During system decomposition, the problem is broken down into three system spaces. The architecture space consists of the categorical parameters and decisions that uniquely define an architecture, such as the physical and functional aspects. The design space contains the design parameters that uniquely define individual point designs for a given architecture. The objective space holds the objectives that are used in comparing alternatives. The application of set theory across the system spaces enables an alternative form of representing system alternatives. This novel application of set theory allows the STASE method to mitigate the problem of combinatorial explosion. The fundamental definitions and theorems of set theory are used to form the mathematical basis for the STASE method. A series of hypotheses were formed to develop STASE in a scientific way. These hypotheses are confirmed by experiments using a proof of concept over a subset of the Flexible Path. The STASE method results are compared against baseline results found using the traditional process of representing individual architectures as the system alternatives. The comparisons highlight many advantages of the STASE method. The greatest advantage is that STASE comprehensively explores the architecture space more rapidly than the baseline. This is because the set theory-influenced representation of alternatives has a summation growth with system complexity in the architecture space. The resultant option subsets provide additional design knowledge that enables new ways of visualizing results and comparing alternatives during early design. The option subsets can also account for changes in some requirements and constraints so that new analysis of system alternatives is not required. An example decision-making process was performed for the proof of concept. This notional example starts from the entire architecture space with the goal of minimizing the total cost and the number of launches. Several decisions are made for different architecture parameters using the developed data visualization and manipulation techniques until a complete architecture was determined. The example serves as a use-case example that walks through the implementation of the STASE method, the techniques for analyzing the results, and the steps towards making meaningful architecture decisions.

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Mitchell, Lauren Coleen. "Movement in Architecture: A Spacial Movement Theory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34210.

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As the body moves through space ephemeral lines of movement are created. These lines of movement are influenced by body tendencies. We learn from the body by watching the path and patterning of movement. From the study of the movement of the body, theories of spacial movement were developed. The goal of my project is to draw from spacial movement theory to create an architectural expression that motivates movement of the body on my site and through my building. The focus of my thesis is the movement theory of Rudolph Laban (1879-1958), a modern dance pioneer and a spacial movement theorist.
Master of Architecture

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Bynum, James Jordan III. "An architectural theory for a centerless world." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24014.

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Khalighinejad, Farshad. "Architecture Aesthetic Preferences and Architectural Habitus: A Comparison Among Architecture and Business Students at the University of Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1551971907333194.

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Chng, Raymond S. K. "A parallel architecture for multimedia communications." Thesis, University of Essex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332803.

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Durning, Louise. "The Architecture of Humanism : an historical and critical analysis of Geoffrey Scott's architectural theory." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276634.

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Books on the topic "Theory of Architecture"

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Murphy, Michael D. Landscape Architecture Theory. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-751-3.

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Monsters of architecture: Anthropomorphism in architectural theory. Savage, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 1991.

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Francis, Mallgrave Harry, ed. Architectural theory. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Architectural theory. Chichester: John Wiley, 1999.

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Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish. Essays in architectural theory. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, 1995.

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Michael, Hays K., ed. Architecture theory since 1968. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2000.

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1947-, Holden A. V., and Kryukov Vitaly I, eds. Neuralnetworks: Theory and architecture. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990.

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Thinking about architecture: An introduction to architectural theory. London: Laurence King, 2011.

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Antoniades, Anthony C. Poetics of architecture: Theory of design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

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Antoniades, Anthony C. Poetics of architecture: Theory of design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Theory of Architecture"

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Huang, Guangyu. "Architecture." In Theory of Mountainurbanology, 189–203. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0819-3_7.

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Perroud, Thierry, and Reto Inversini. "Theory." In Enterprise Architecture Patterns, 9–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37561-3_2.

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Murphy, Michael D. "Substantive Theory." In Landscape Architecture Theory, 25–54. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-751-3_2.

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Almusaed, Amjad. "Architectural Theory." In Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture, 23–35. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-534-7_3.

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Macdonald, Angus J. "Theory of structures." In Structure and Architecture, 117–55. Third edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315210513-8.

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Fischer, Ole W. "Theory after Theory?-." In Graz Architektur Magazin / Graz Architecture Magazine, 84–107. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-69287-5_7.

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Frank, Steven A. "Basic Control Architecture." In Control Theory Tutorial, 19–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91707-8_3.

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Verdecchia, Roberto, Philippe Kruchten, and Patricia Lago. "Architectural Technical Debt: A Grounded Theory." In Software Architecture, 202–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58923-3_14.

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Murphy, Michael D. "Introduction." In Landscape Architecture Theory, 3–22. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-751-3_1.

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Murphy, Michael D. "Design Thinking." In Landscape Architecture Theory, 263–77. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-751-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Theory of Architecture"

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Yajima, Kazumi. "Kajima’s BIM Theory & Methods." In CAADence in Architecture. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Architecture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/caadence.1656.

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Iranfar, Maryam, and Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia. "The Synthesis of Ethics and Aesthetics in Modern Movement of Architecture: ‘Truth’ Theory as an Assessment Tool." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021235n17.

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Architects and designers are obligated to think comprehensively to create aesthetically pleasing buildings together with functional features. The modern movement of architecture represents a dramatic movement in the buildings design to create a different functional and new architecture. There is a debate about the priority of beauty (aesthetics) and functionality (ethics) in this architectural style and leads to ambiguity in evaluating ethics and aesthetics. Hence, the study aims to understand the relationship between ethics and aesthetics value in architecture's modern movement. This study hypothesizes that there is a significant relationship between ethical and aesthetical values through the functionality of modern architecture. The study has proposed a conceptual model to be applied in future studies on different case studies. This is through assessment tools to evaluate the presence of ethics and aesthetics in modern architectural style.

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Ott, B. "In-between architecture and landscape, from theory to practice." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc060051.

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Mohammed Mustafa, Ezzat. "A General Theory for Finding the Lightest Manmade Structures Using Voronoi and Delaunay." In CAADence in Architecture. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Architecture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/caadence.1623.

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Rohde, Max Erik, and David Sundaram. "Knowledge Composition: Theory, Architecture and Implementation." In 2010 Second International Conference on Information, Process, and Knowledge Management (eKNOW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eknow.2010.23.

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Barenkamp, Marco, and Dirk Niemoller. "ARchitecture — Insights From Theory and Practice." In 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecce49384.2020.9179394.

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Doule, Ondrej. "Space Architecture - Theory and Educational Strategy." In 40th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6174.

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Osterlind, Magnus, Pontus Johnson, Kiran Karnati, Robert Lagerstrom, and Margus Valja. "Enterprise Architecture Evaluation Using Utility Theory." In 2013 17th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (EDOCW). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edocw.2013.45.

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Fu, Xixu, and Hui Wei. "Enhance Knowledge Acquisition with theory Architecture." In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2010.130.

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Trubiano, F., K. Albee, and M. Brennan. "Testing the theory: demonstration projects and the validation of integrated design protocols for advanced energy retrofits." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc140241.

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Reports on the topic "Theory of Architecture"

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Lopez, Marta. An Evaluation Theory Perspective of the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386885.

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Leblanc, S. G. Correction to the plant canopy gap-size analysis theory used by the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies instrument. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219860.

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Pettit, Chris, and D. Wilson. A physics-informed neural network for sound propagation in the atmospheric boundary layer. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41034.

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We describe what we believe is the first effort to develop a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict sound propagation through the atmospheric boundary layer. PINN is a recent innovation in the application of deep learning to simulate physics. The motivation is to combine the strengths of data-driven models and physics models, thereby producing a regularized surrogate model using less data than a purely data-driven model. In a PINN, the data-driven loss function is augmented with penalty terms for deviations from the underlying physics, e.g., a governing equation or a boundary condition. Training data are obtained from Crank-Nicholson solutions of the parabolic equation with homogeneous ground impedance and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for the effective sound speed in the moving atmosphere. Training data are random samples from an ensemble of solutions for combinations of parameters governing the impedance and the effective sound speed. PINN output is processed to produce realizations of transmission loss that look much like the Crank-Nicholson solutions. We describe the framework for implementing PINN for outdoor sound, and we outline practical matters related to network architecture, the size of the training set, the physics-informed loss function, and challenge of managing the spatial complexity of the complex pressure.

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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.

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Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.

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Urquidi, Manuel, Gloria Ortega, Víctor Arza, and Julia Ortega. New Employment Technologies: The Benefits of Implementing Services within an Enterprise Architecture Framework: Executive Summary. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003403.

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Public employment services (PES) offer tools through different channels to both employers and job seekers. The multiplicity of services and channels, paired with processes that are sometimes inadequately mapped, creates challenges when implementing digital systems. This document discusses how using enterprise architecture can provide a framework for defining and representing a high-level view of the organizations processes and its information technology (IT) systems, as well as their relationship with different parts of the organization and external entities. Having a strategic vision and a high-level design allows implementing systems in phases and modules to organize services to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. This document aims to support policy makers, managers and officials working with employment policies in understanding the benefits of implementing a comprehensive digital transformation in institutions within the framework of a strategic tool such as enterprise architecture.

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Chauhan, Dharmistha, and Swapna Bist Joshi. Care Principles and Care-Responsive Barometer: Guidelines and toolkit for international financial institutions (IFIs). Oxfam, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8175.

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The architecture of development finance lacks a care perspective despite strong commitments to gender equality goals. The Care Principles and Care-Responsive Barometer have been developed as guiding tools for international financial institutions (IFIs) to promote, measure and improve the care-responsiveness of all their operations.

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Ryan, J. J., A. Zagorevski, N. R. Cleven, A J Parsons, and N. L. Joyce. Architecture of pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326062.

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West-central Yukon and eastern Alaska are characterized by widespread metamorphic rocks that form part of the allochthonous, composite Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin. Structural windows through the Yukon-Tanana terrane expose parautochthonous North American margin in that broad region, particularly as mid-Cretaceous extensional core complexes. Both the Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin share the same Late Devonian history, making their discrimination difficult; however, distinct post-Late Devonian magmatic and metamorphic histories assist in discriminating Yukon-Tanana terrane from parautochthonous North American margin rocks. The suture between Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin is obscured by many episodes of high-strain deformation. Their main bounding structure is probably a Jurassic to Cretaceous thrust, which has been locally reactivated as a mid-Cretaceous extensional shear zone. Crustal-scale structures within composite Yukon-Tanana terrane (e.g. the Yukon River shear zone) are commonly marked by discontinuous mafic-ultramafic complexes. Some of these complexes represent orogenic peridotites that were structurally exhumed into the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Middle Permian.

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Kemoklidze, Nino. The Humanitarian Coordination Architecture: Towards a New Hybrid Approach? Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.061.

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Humanitarian coordination as an area of scholarly research has grown exponentially over the past decade and can be considered “a well-established and mature topic” now (Jahre and Jensen, 2021, 586).The global humanitarian coordination architecture seems to have more backing in terms of resources and support as well as knowledge and experience, than ever before. Despite this, on the ground, the humanitarian relief system continues to face challenges in the increasingly difficult operating environments whether it is protracted conflicts or other emergency situations causing mass displacement of populations (Healy and Tiller, 2014, p.4). This rapid review explores the following questions: how (if at all), has the current system adapted to these highly restricted operating environments? More specifically, is the current cluster system still relevant in such cases or can it be adapted for better use? And is there evidence to support that area-based approaches might be better suited to conduct adequate humanitarian coordination and planning? The evidence gathered in this report is based on a mixture of academic, policy, and practitioner-based literature.

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Tutumluer, Erol, Bill Spencer, Riley Edwards, Kirill Mechitov, Syed Husain, and Issam Qamhia. Sensing Infrastructure for Smart Mobility—Wireless Continuous Monitoring for I-ACT. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-019.

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This report proposes a suite of wireless sensing solutions for continuous transportation-infrastructure monitoring. First, various traditional and modern sensors and sensing platforms are described in detail, based on their principles of operation, suitability for transportation-infrastructure monitoring, and issues concerning their use. Then, a suitability-assessment survey conducted to select suitable inter-sensor and sensor-to-cloud communication technology for lower bandwidth and higher bandwidth requiring sensors is presented. Important observations are made, and conclusions are drawn based on multidisciplinary analyses of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of various communication technologies and proposed wireless architectures for sensing infrastructure for smart mobility (SISM). Finally, recommendations are made concerning the implementation of proposed wireless architectures for wireless and continuous monitoring of the Illinois Autonomous and Connected Track (I-ACT).

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McCabe, Linda, and Anthony C. Wicht. Fewer Mistakes on the First Day: Architectural Strategies and their Impacts on Acquisition Outcomes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada584667.

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