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Journal articles on the topic 'Theory of architecture and urbanism'
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1
Šuvaković, Miško. "Revisionist philosophy of architecture: Fundamental dispositives." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 6, no. 1 (2014): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1401119q.
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The discussion points to the issue of defining and re-defining the notion of the "critical theory". The notion of critical theory has been considered since the introduction of the notion at the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt until the modern, postmodern and contemporary theories of critical and decentering of the critical. The notion of critical theory is associated with the problem of politicization of architecture and urbanism. It is pointed to the case of critical theory of the Frankfurt circle. Particular attention is paid to the art/architecture theory of Theodor Adorno and to the theory of architecture and urbanism of Walter Benjamin. Adorno's critique of architectural functionalism has been considered. It is discussed about methodological approach to Benjamin's analysis and the debate on Paris as metropolis. The aim of the discussion is to indicate to transformations and modalities of critical theory in modernism, post-structuralism, postmodernism and contemporary global neoliberalism.
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Macarthur, John. "Urbanist rhetoric: problems and origins in architectural theory." Architectural Research Quarterly 2, no. 1 (1996): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500001056.
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‘Urbanism’ has become a familar posture among architects, so familiar that it has recently become a target for ridicule. The actual developments of cities today make the neo-Sitte-esque contextualism of the 1970s look even more Utopian than the International Style. There are many and varied socio-economic and political determinants in many differing situations which might explain the hopes of the past and their distance from the realities of the present. However, much of the problem with urbanism is not to do with actual urban conditions or the success or failure of particular projects, but rather with how the concept of urbanism was framed in the architectural profession and academy. It ought still to be possible to develop a few operative concepts and a way of having a shared discourse on the architectural aspects of city sites. But at the moment we are caught between vast rhetorical claims for such work as ‘theory’; and a new naturalism that sees the city as generic global and beyond architecture. These notes are intended as a provocation both to the institutionalisation of urbanism and to the idea that it has become passé.
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Cong, Lin Lin, and De Quan Feng. "The Primary Research of Landscape Urbanism in Campus Landscape Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3642.
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Based on the landscape urbanism theory and the shortcomings of the application ,this article expounds the necessity of introducing the landscape design course.Combing with the real classroom teaching expericence, it discusses the theory of landscape urbanism and the application in the campus landscape Architecture.
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Tamari, Tomoko. "Metabolism: Utopian Urbanism and the Japanese Modern Architecture Movement." Theory, Culture & Society 31, no. 7-8 (September 16, 2014): 201–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414547777.
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The Fukushima catastrophe has led to important practical and conceptual shifts in contemporary Japanese architecture which in turn has led to a re-evaluation of the influential 1960s Japanese modern architecture movement, Metabolism. The Metabolists had the ambition to create a new Japanese society through techno-utopian city planning. The new generation of Japanese architects, after the Fukushima event, no longer seek evolutionally social change; rather, the disaster has made them re-consider what architecture is and what architects can do for people who had everything snatched from them by technology (nuclear power station) and nature (earthquake and tsunami). Drawing on the architectural projects of Tange Kenzo and Metabolists in the 1960s and Ito Toyo’s ‘Home-for-All project’ in 2011, the paper explores this major paradigm shift in Japanese architectural theory and practices.
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Lægring, Kasper. "The Politics of the Plinth: Notes on a Latent Ocularcentrism in Aureli’s Theory of an Absolute Architecture." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_8_9.
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According to Pier Vittori Aureli, architectural form becomes political by being a clearly defined limit. These defining effects of architectural form are also what allow a civic and political space to exist. In contrast to the tradition of urbanism, Aureli praises Mies van der Rohe because of the architect’s use of form as an act of demarcation, where a reinterpreted classical plinth carries a glass-and-steel pavilion structure. While Aureli regards this Modernist plinth as a guarantor of absoluteness and independence from urbanism, this article conversely argues that the Miesian plinth is just as implicated in nineteenth-century urbanism as the gridded plans of Cerdà, since this model can be traced back, not to the Ancient Greek temple, but to a novel nineteenth-century visual culture which came into being under the spell of ocularcentrism and panopticism. Aureli’s theory is thus supplemented with its necessary counterpart to management: the representational component of urbanism.
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Cikic-Tovarovic, Jasna, Nenad Sekularac, and Jelena Ivanovic-Sekularac. "Specific problems of media facade design." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 9, no. 1 (2011): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1101193c.
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During the last years we have been facing a growing need of involving architects into processes of modern city medialization. Transposing contemporary media logic into architecture must be accompanied by qualitative answers within architectural theory and practice. The field of media facade is interdisciplinary - not only does it involve research within architecture and urbanism, but also within some border areas of technology, urban design, art, culture, media and marketing. Media facade design process involves analyses of some specific design aspects.
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Speth, Gianne, and Samuel Silva de Brito. "Caminhos possíveis: inovações sobre o estudo de projetos de arquitetura em um trabalho acadêmico." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 12, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x35508.
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This article deals with a collective work carried out by the students of the subject "Theory and History of Architecture and Urbanism V" of the Course of Architecture and Urbanism of UFSM Campus Cachoeira do Sul. From the analysis of six school buildings, the synthesis of these case studies in an innovative way in a booklet-fanzine that, in addition to seeking dialogue with the entire academic community promoting discussions among students, teachers and administrative technicians, sought the training of reflexive and autonomous students with the capacity to develop higher cognitive processes ranging from analysis to creation.
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Remizova, Olena, and Natalya Novak. "Dialogue of epochs in postmodern urban planning concepts of the late ХХth and early ХХIst centuries." Budownictwo i Architektura 17, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_07.
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The postmodern architecture of the last third of the XX century saw a steady tendency of appealing to classical heritage aimed at combining modern technologies and historical associations with classical architecture. The work considers postmodern urban planning concepts of the late XX-the beginning of ХХI centuries. Methods of interpreting the order system in the architecture of postmodernism are analyzed by comparing such theoretical concepts as R. Bofi ll›s industrial classicism, the new urbanism of L. and R. Krier, the theory of the city by Aldo Rossi. Architects postmodernists searching for sense and architectural language began to address to the historical past, using signs and images of classical architecture. Leaders of postmodern movement, trying to return to architecture the «eternal values» lost by modernism, opened a way for new creative searches and transformation of the order system elements. Its representatives were attracted by the «double code» of the order architecture, which allowed to solve complex town-planning problems. Postmodernism declared the idea of «architecture parlante». The notion of «postmodern classicism» disguised the compositional search for dialogue with any classical epoch – antiquity, renaissance, baroque, classicism itself. The order language of these epochs, possessing a tremendous potential of utterance, allowed the architect to create all the new meanings and texts. The article discusses the change of semantic meanings occurring in modern urbanism, the interpretation of order compositions, the notion of «order tradition» and the expansion of the semantics of the order system in historical and cultural context. The article shows that the theory of postmodernism actualized the notion of «order tradition» and expanded the semantics of the order system by its application in modern city planning concepts.
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Samalavicius, Almantas. "REVISITING AND RETHINKING CONTEMPORARY URBAN DESIGN." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.820876.
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Urban and architectural theorist Nikos Salingaros, a professor of mathematics at Texas University, San Antonio is affiliated with departments of urbanism in several countries and has made a significant contribution to the understanding of urban planning on a human scale. His important books on various issues in urban and architectural theory are well-known to all members of the profession and academy, especially those seeking for the application of scientific principles in urbanism. Nikos Salingaros has contributed significantly to the New Athens Charter (2003) – an important yet largely neglected document providing timely guidelines for reshaping present mainstream urbanism that still remains under the spell of urban ideology coined by Le Corbusier, Giedion and legions of their followers. A critic of Corbusian doctrines as well as more recent tendencies of urbanism based on stale legacy of Modernism, Nikos Salingaros offers a different approach to the interpretation of contemporary cities and complexity of their functions. He is among those scholars and practitioners who firmly support the principles of urban design promoted by members of the movement known as New Urbanism. Our talk with Nikos Salingaros revolved around the issues of the need to reconsider and reshape our present attitudes prevailing in urbanism.
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Ebrahim, Nastaran Pour. "Sense of Community in New Urbanism Neighbourhoods: A Review." Open House International 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2015-b0005.
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The concept of community where people can meet their needs, interact, and feel a sense of belonging and togetherness has been an interesting topic for a majority of professionals in different academic fields such as urban planning and urban design. Different theories in these disciplines assert the correlation between the built environment and sense of community. Among these theories, New Urbanism is one of the most important schools of thought which have thrown light on this correlation. New Urbanism claims that the built environment can create a sense of community among its users. As the theory of New Urbanism develops more and more among professionals across the world, it is critical that we give the topic more research attention. This study intends to begin moving us in this direction by reviewing some studies which tried to achieve the social goal of new urbanism in recent years. Therefore the results of the empirical assessment of Sense of community in different neighbourhoods are reviewed and the influence of physical design on different domains of sense of community are discussed to find out whether the claims of new urbanism in creating sense of community could be trusted in the future development. While new urbanism movement continues to become more popular, finding enough evidence for its social claims might encourage more planners to use its principles as a way to improve the residents' social life
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Zatrić-Šahović, Mejrema, and Zulejha Šabić-Zatrić. "The Environment of Organic Theory: Juraj Neidhardt’s Organicism in Early Yugoslavian Architecture and Urbanism." Architecture and Culture 4, no. 3 (September 2016): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2016.1239918.
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Ganim, J. M. "Recent Studies on Literature, Architecture, and Urbanism: Architecturv and the Ext: The (S)crypts of Joyce and Piranesi." Modern Language Quarterly 56, no. 3 (January 1, 1995): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-56-3-363.
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Lima, Júlia Heloísa Souza, Manoela Da Rosa Salvador, and Schayane Dias Pereira. "Fanzine – arquitetura e revolução." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 12, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x35516.
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Based on the methodology applied in the discipline of Theory and History of Architecture and Urbanism IV, based on part of its programmatic content that approached the organization of the built environment resulting from the Industrial Revolution until the First World War, a fanzine was developed as an evaluative exercise of the subject to expose the knowledge produced. Under the title "Architecture and Revolution", the fanzine depicts the relationship between historical moments and architecture, specifically on the French and Russian Revolutions and the Neoclassical and Constructivist architectural styles. The material produced seeks through its graphic and visual organization to reflect on the occurrences and social changes of each period and its reflection in the architectural environment, employing on its pages the contrast of the characteristics of each movement. As a reference for the development of the graphic content, political posters of the 20th century were used, which present an expressive and innovative visual language in relation to the materials from which they were produced up to that time, mainly the Russian posters, which used to be based on French pamphlets and have their own language, used as a means of political persuasion.
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Sharr, Adam. "Selective Memory: Contesting Architecture and Urbanism at Potsdam's Stadtschloss and Alter Markt." German Life and Letters 63, no. 4 (September 23, 2010): 398–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.2010.01507.x.
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Immerwahr, Daniel. "The politics of architecture and urbanism in postcolonial Lagos, 1960–1986." Journal of African Cultural Studies 19, no. 2 (December 2007): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696810701760450.
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MEL'NIKOVA, V. M., and N. A. MASTALERZh. "PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENT URBANISM AS THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF FOREIGN TOWN PLANNING." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.01.6.
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Article shows 10 principles of Intelligent Urbanism, that form the basis of contemporary town planning theory. Principles give the opportunity to work out strategies for urban development, that cover questions of historical heritage, social integration, safe streets, sustainability of engineering systems and context-appropriate architecture, effective redevelopment of brownfields and ecological balance. The institutional integrity (principle 10) is one of the most important criterions of achievement. Much attention is given to the problem of urban community creation (principle 4) and public space formation facilitating communication and interaction between citizens on different levels.
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Grubbauer, Monika. "Postcolonial urbanism across disciplinary boundaries: modes of (dis)engagement between urban theory and professional practice." Journal of Architecture 24, no. 4 (May 19, 2019): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643390.
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Lopes Dias, Tiago, and Rui Jorge Garcia Ramos. "The notion of limit in architectural theory. Two case studies in Portugal." ZARCH, no. 14 (November 3, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020144293.
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Modern Portuguese architecture has been seen as the result of an eminently empirical and intuitive practice, dissociated from any effort of theoretical structuring. This paper intends to contradict that predominant view, presenting the notion of spatial limit as a subject that earned particular consideration from a younger, more critical and intellectually demanding generation of architects. Firstly, it introduces two notions directly related to limit - ‘extensions of the dwelling’ and ‘transition-space’ - presented in theses by Nuno Portas (b. 1934) and Pedro Vieira de Almeida (1933-2011) respectively, two highly innovative works in the academic panorama of early 1960s. Next, it focuses on the fundamental role each of the notions taken in investigative works that are parallel in time but substantially different. The first, Habitação evolutiva, is a typological study reflecting the spirit of its time by claiming the ‘right to the city’ as the founding principle of a model critical of CIAM urbanism. The second is an essay stemming from a critical reflexion on the work of an eclectic architect that eludes categorization (Raul Lino, 1879-1974) which sheds light on the need for a critical approach to the history of modern architecture.
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Perold, Rudolf, Ronnie Donaldson, and Oswald Devisch. "Architecture in Southern African informal settlements: A contextually appropriate intervention." Urbani izziv Supplement, no. 30 (February 17, 2019): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-007.
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Architectural professionals can contribute to efforts at achieving sustainable urbanism. However, the realm of professional discourse is extremely limited. Grounded architectural practice (GAP) is developed as a conceptual framework to explore an emergent form of contextually appropriate architectural practice in the context of a resident-driven in situ informal settlement upgrading project. The exploration takes the form of a descriptive narrative. Each challenge that arose during the descriptive narrative was mapped according to Engeström’s activity system model, an analytical tool emanating from cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). By participating in live projects in informal settlements and analysing these projects by means of CHAT, the authors explored the highly improvising and generative everyday practices of the urban majority. Architectural practice in such a context requires a multi-disciplinary approach which extends beyond conventional professional boundaries, and attention must be paid to building the capacity of all participants to function in such uncharted territory.
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Haas, Tigran. "Traditional European Squares in Contemporary Urbanism: Dubrovnik's Medieval Squares." Open House International 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2009-b0007.
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Buildings alone do not matter, it is only the ensemble of streets, squares, and buildings and the way they fit together that comprises the true principles of good urbanism and place making. One of the main rules of good urban design is the quality of the public space. This paper analyzes the importance of creating & maintaining a true public square in contemporary urban condition, as one of the built environments' pillars for sustaining social and cultural identity. Criticism has been posed towards the (neo) romanticizing the importance of European squares (as some critics would call it “Postcard Squares”) in everyday life and contemporary town planning. Movements such as New Urbanism, which promote good urban design have not put squares that high on their urban design agendas. Also the usage of the historic European city's public realm model - the square - as the important ingredient for all urban places has not been forthcoming. To investigate this phenomena, and facilitate the discourse, The Square of the St. Blaise Church (Luza Square) and the Gunduliceva Poljana Square in the Old City of Dubrovnik, are analyzed and reflected upon through various data collection, theory reflections and urban design evaluation methods, such as Garham's Sense of Place Typology-Taxonomy. If cities have livable and vibrant social spaces, do residents tend to have a stronger sense of community and sense of place? If such places are lacking, does the opposite happen?. This paper seeks out to answer these questions. Finally the paper also looks at how the phenomenon of creating good social spaces through creating ‘third places’ is achieved and confirmed in the squares of Dubrovnik.
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Jover Biboum, Margarita, Rubén García Rubio, and Carlos Ávila Calzada. "Adrian Parr, a polyhedral relationship with water." ZARCH, no. 15 (January 27, 2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020154932.
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Adrian Parr is a transdisciplinary scholar who brings the design disciplines into conversation with the humanities, social sciences, and science. Rather than work within the clearly defined boundaries of a specialized discipline, her writings and movies create ethical montages consisting of theoretical criticism, poetics, imagery, and sound. The daughter and niece of two of Australia's most well-known contemporary artists, she has a sensitivity toward the affective potential of thought and ethical reflection. Her writings encompass a journey through the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, Deleuze, feminism, contemporary art, sustainability culture, urbanism, climate change, policy, collective memory, trauma theory, and Marxist thinking. Her films set out to humanize the water and sanitation statistics driving national and international policy. In this interview Adrian Parr talks about the environmental and water problems in different parts of the world under a vision in which humanism, education, ethics, awareness and leadership play a transcendental role.
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Alraouf, Ali A. "The new normal or the forgotten normal: contesting COVID-19 impact on contemporary architecture and urbanism." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 15, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-10-2020-0249.
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PurposeThe term New Normal has become a buzzword to describe the anticipated changes in human life across the globe due to the impact of COVID-19. The paper's purpose is challenging the surrender for the notion of the “New Normal” and constructing a framework by which a call for understanding the practice of architecture, urbanism and city planning before the COVID-19 and contest its responsibility towards the city and the community.Design/methodology/approachMethodologically, literature review, analysis of emerging positions and interviews are the selected tools for conducting the research. The paper adopts a position perceiving COVID-19 has provided an opportunity for reflections and revisions about the way people dwell on Earth. The paper aims at analyzing the positive impacts of COVID-19 in sociological and urban perspective.FindingsConsequently, the main finding of the paper, calls for reviving the forgotten normal in the way places, neighborhoods and cities are designed and planned. Lessons learned from the lockdown time and the actions taken will be analyzed with special attention to Gulf States.Research limitations/implicationsIn months, New Normal developed as the most used expression since the spread of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic marked the year 2020 with one of the biggest public health crises of all time, threatening to take away millions of lives. It is already initiating a massive economic crisis, triggering further negative consequences for human life, wellbeing and lifestyle. Numerous researchers illustrate that through history, humans faced the challenges of epidemics and pandemics and were able to use their will, capacities, resources and courage to resist and survive.Practical implicationsPandemics such as COVID-19 have caused a critical reassessment of urban spaces. This paper examines the city's relationship to concepts such as the individual, society, creativity, production and power to understand the causes and effects of urbanization. Cities, especially the globally significant ones – such as Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, Paris, London, New York, Los Angeles – are disproportionally affected. Thus, the pandemic is evolving into an urban crisis, forcing us to reconsider our deeply held beliefs about good city form and the purpose of planning.Social implicationsThe nature of the architectural, urban and planning theory and practice, is responsible for looking ahead, formulating visions and offering alternatives. Consequently, the methodological approach adopted in the paper is structured on three main pillars. First, observing, monitoring, and provide diagnosis (what we learned from isolation). Second, understanding the local, regional and global context as the COVID-19 crisis creates a ripple of change on all levels and requires both global and local understanding. Third, formulating visions and looking aheadOriginality/valueSuffering from epidemics and pandemics is new to our time and our contemporary experience but not new to the history of humankind. Revisiting the concepts of the New Normal vs. the Forgotten Normal and use the outcomes to construct an alternative framework for producing places in the post COVID-19 paradigm crystalize the value and originality of the paper.
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McEwan, Cameron. "Ludwig Hilberseimer and Metropolisarchitecture: The Analogue, the Blasé Attitude, the Multitude." Arts 7, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040092.
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This article close-reads Modernist architect Ludwig Hilberseimer’s early architectural projects, which employed a language of uniform fenestration, repetition and geometrically reduced typical forms, as embodying Georg Simmel’s blasé attitude in analogical form, and places this reading in relation to Aldo Rossi’s concept of the analogical city and the political theorist Paolo Virno’s notion of the multitude. The first part outlines the discourse around Simmel, Hilberseimer and Rossi to note salient connections between these figures, their thought and the process of modernization. The second part discusses Simmel’s and Hilberseimer’s readings of the metropolis and interprets Hilberseimer’s formal language as embodying the blasé attitude. The third part places Hilberseimer in dialogue with Rossi and interprets Rossi’s analogical city as inhabited by another of Simmel’s figures, the stranger. The article concludes by tracing a line from Simmel’s figures of the blasé and the stranger via Hilberseimer’s metropolis architecture and Rossi’s analogical city toward the contemporary multitude, a collective linguistic subject. In doing so Hilberseimer’s and Rossi’s grammar of the metropolis can be rethought in relation to contemporary subject positions as a critical project toward an architectural theory of the multitude pushing back against the increasingly individualised city and market urbanism prevalent today.
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Brott, Simone. "THE GHOST IN THE CITY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: LE CORBUSIER AND THE FASCIST THEORY OF URBANISME." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1181012.
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In 1927 le Faisceau’s newspaper Le Nouveau Siècle printed a feature “Le Plan Voisin” on Le Corbusier’s 1922 redesign of Paris, including an extract Le Centre de Paris from his Urbanisme (1925). Le Corbusier’s book was considered the “prodigious” model for the Fascist state that the league’s leader Georges Valois called La Cité Française – after his mentor the French engineer and revolutionary philosopher Georges Sorel, who, originally on the radical left, would eventually be credited as the parent of twentieth-century fascist thought. Valois and Le Corbusier had inherited the longer genealogy of French thought from the turn of the century, namely the bitter opposition to the French revolution, and quarrel with the Enlightenment that was characteristic of many French intellectuals in the early twentieth-century. The final page of Urbanisme features a painting depicting Louis XIV ordering the construction of les Invalides (1670). “Homage to a great urbanist: This despot conceived great things and realized them.” The image was produced at the dawning of the French enlightenment: its contents would become the precise object of the fin de siècle reactionary movements of the 1880s that gave birth to le syndicalisme. Le Corbusier thereby historicises his project for the new Paris.
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Macdonald, Marie-Paule, and Sheila Petty. "Afrofuture ecosystems." International Journal of Francophone Studies 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs_00026_4.
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Recently, there has been a surge of African screen media representations of environmental awareness and solutions for sustainable communities as the Global South experiences increasing urban migration and climate change. Much of the focus in this work is on the precarity of daily life for those on the margins of large urban agglomerations. This article brings together theories and practices from the disciplines of urbanism, architecture and documentary cinema studies to examine some examples of how African artists are bringing attention to issues of urban precarity, climate change, survival and growth on the continent.
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Mehaffy, Michael W. "Assessing Alexander’s Later Contributions to a Science of Cities." Urban Science 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020059.
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Christopher Alexander published his longest and arguably most philosophical work, The Nature of Order, beginning in 2003. Early criticism assessed that text to be a speculative failure; at best, unrelated to Alexander’s earlier, mathematically grounded work. On the contrary, this review presents evidence that the newer work was a logically consistent culmination of a lifelong and remarkably useful inquiry into part-whole relations—an ancient but still-relevant and even urgent topic of design, architecture, urbanism, and science. Further evidence demonstrates that Alexander’s practical contributions are remarkably prodigious beyond architecture, in fields as diverse as computer science, biology and organization theory, and that these contributions continue today. This review assesses the potential for more particular contributions to the urban professions from the later work, and specifically, to an emerging “science of cities.” It examines the practical, as well as philosophical contributions of Alexander’s proposed tools and methodologies for the design process, considering both their quantitative and qualitative aspects, and their potential compatibility with other tools and strategies now emerging from the science of cities. Finally, it highlights Alexander’s challenge to an architecture profession that seems increasingly isolated, mired in abstraction, and incapable of effectively responding to larger technological and philosophical challenges.
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Adam, Robert. "The role of evolution and invention of tradition in identity and the built environment." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.378.
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Tradition is often presented as simply the past and a static phenomenon. This view can be shared by some supporters of tradition in architecture and urbanism, leading to a valorisation of literal past form and detail. Social analysis of tradition acknowledges that it is a more complex and not static phenomenon. At the same time, the concept of the invention of tradition is widely used to discredit tradition itself. This paper departs from the work of Halbwachs and subsequent studies on collective identity, Boyd and Richerson on Dual Inheritance Theory, Shils on the ubiquity of tradition and Cohen on the sociology of identity, amongst others. This is combined with case studies in the evolution and invention of tradition. The paper presents the applicability of changing and invented traditions that foment social cohesion and how their use in design can respond to community identity.
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Burganova, Maria, and Chris Uffelen. "Interview with Art Historian Chris van Uffelen." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 15, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2019-15-4-16-23.
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We are pleased to present an interview with an outstanding writer, urbanist and architectural historian, Chris van Uffelen, the author of a number of books on the history and theory of architecture. The space of the city in all its manifestations - from the history of architecture to the analysis of global street navigation, from current problems of adapting the urban environment to a man’s personal space to the aggressive or positive impact of a person on a megapolis, is the sphere of his professional interests. Chris van Uffelen is distinguished by his broadmindedness and takes an active position in the field of a professional and public conversation about architecture. His articles are presented in authoritative publications on architecture. He is an encyclopedist professionally analyzing both the architecture of the Middle Ages and the space of modern cities. Editor-in-chief Maria Burganova talks with Chris van Uffelen about architecture - its purpose, its past, and the future. The topics that concern many of us today - the change in architectural and cultural space, a person who influences a city, and a city that changes a person, are reflected in this conversation. We thank Sophia Romanova for professional support and assistance in arranging the interview with Chris van Uffelen.
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Diefendorf, Barbara. "Hilary Ballon. The Paris of Henri IV: Architecture and Urbanism. (The Architectural History Foundation.) Cambridge, MA, and London: The MIT Press, 1991. 175 figs. + x + 378 pp. $35." Renaissance Quarterly 45, no. 4 (1992): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862649.
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Allweil, Yael, and Noa Zemer. "Housing-Based Urban Planning? Sir Patrick Geddes’ Modern Masterplan for Tel Aviv, 1925." Urban Planning 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2182.
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This article studies Sir Patrick Geddes’ housing-based urban planning, pointing to a less-explored aspect of his groundbreaking work, while proposing ways to rethink the history and theory of modern urban planning towards a “housing builds cities” planning agenda. Focusing on Geddes’ modern urban planning for Tel Aviv in 1925 as housing-based urbanism, this article conceives urban structure and urban housing as one single problem rather than disconnected realms of planning. Based on new findings and revised study of available sources, we look into three planning processes by which policy makers, planners, and dwellers in Tel Aviv engaged in this housing-based urban vision: (1) The city as a housing problem; (2) the city as social utility for reform and reconstruction; and (3) housing-based urbanization as self-help. We show how Geddes’ modern urban plan for Tel Aviv employed the city’s pressing housing needs for urban workers to provoke planning by way of cooperative neighborhoods based on self-help dwellings. This approach was grounded on Geddes’ survey of Tel Aviv’s early premise on housing and extends beyond Geddes’ period to the brutalist housing estates of the 1950s and 1960s. The result is a new historiographic perspective on Tel Aviv’s UNESCO-declared modern urbanism vis-à-vis housing as the cell unit for urban living. Further, insights regarding Tel Aviv’s housing-based planning are relevant beyond this city to other examples of the town planning movement. It proposes rethinking modern urban planning before the consolidation of CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) principles, namely when planned settlements were explicitly experimental and involved diverse processes, scales, methods, practices and agents. Housing—a key arena for the modernization of the discipline of architecture, as well as for the consolidation of the discipline of urban planning—is studied here as the intersection of sociopolitical, formal, aesthetic, and structural elements of the city.
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Petruševski, Ivana. "Fifteen rules of Christopher Alexander and the methods of generative design as the practical application of the "the nature of order" in architecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 4, no. 3 (2012): 254–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1203254p.
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This paper establishes the correlation between the "nature of order" of Christopher Alexander and the methods of generative design as well as their connection with nature. The research is focused on the practical application of Christopher Alexander's theory on assuming the principles from the nature, with an objective of reconciliation of the built environment with nature and creation of the more agreeable living environment than the present one, by means of generative, parametric design in architecture and urbanism. Christopher Alexander sees order in nature, whereas the human kind creates a completely new type of "order" constructing buildings and cities, even though not fully aware of the meaning of this notion. In order to establish the balance between these two orders, namely the unity between these two complex systems - the natural and artificial ones, according to Christopher Alexander, it is necessary to make transition of the principles from a well functioning system, the nature, into the artificial system. This paper explores the connection of the "nature of order" that is to say the "fifteen properties" of Christopher Alexander with the methods of generative design, in parallel search for correlation in the nature. The rules are associated with the methods of self-organization and evolution methods being the primary methods of generative design.
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علي, سلامة أحمد. "العمارة الإسلامية من استقراء التراث العمراني إلى استنباط نظرية للعمران الإسلامي المعاصر = Islamic Architecture from Inducting the Urban Heritage to Deduct a Theory for Contemporary Islamic Urbanism." مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم الإنسانية, no. 1 (January 2016): 203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0036521.
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Aeschliman, Michael. "Cultural tourism as pilgrimage." Semiotica 2018, no. 225 (November 6, 2018): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0230.
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AbstractIn this recent address to a UNESCO doctoral summer school in northern Italy, the author argues that all cultural tourism has underlying and implicit philosophical-religious dimensions that are particularly important in the era of “late capitalism,” in which “the idiosyncratic has triumphed over the normative” and there is a deeply nihilistic drive and trajectory to the ascendant culture. After drawing on the sociologist Daniel Bell’s analysis of “the cultural contradictions of capitalism,” the author argues that there is an irreducible sacred dimension to the human person (res sacra homo) and his or her life always has the character of a pilgrimage, cognitively comprised of a quest for significance beyond the separate meanings of the normal occupational and utilitarian life. Master-works of urbanism, architecture, sculpture, painting, music, and literature offset the nihilistic dynamic of “late modernity,” and the author draws particular attention to literary works of cross-cultural understanding such as the trilogy of historical novels about India by L. H. Myers, The Root and the Flower and the novels of the great modern Japanese writer Shusaku Endo. As works of fundamental importance for orienting his analysis he adduces C. S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man and Viktor Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning.
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Cermasi, Olimpia. "Contemporary landscape urbanism principles as innovative methodologies: the design of an armature of public spaces for the revitalisation of a shrinking city." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 2 (October 11, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i2.97.
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<p>This paper explores the potentials of a series of Landscape Urbanism strategies for the revitalisation of a 'shrinking city', through the construction of an armature of public spaces and the reactivation of collective activities and social encounters. Looking through a series of theoretical approaches and case studies, mostly associated with Landscape Urbanism theory, this paper looks for typical interventions in the design of public spaces in a pattern of decreased socioeconomic activities. In addition, the paper provides an original contribution in the form of a review of a Studio research project developed during a Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design at Columbia University, New York, in 2008. In more detail, the first part of the paper introduces the theme of shrinking cities with a series of theoretical approaches and a toolkit of possible interventions. The theoretical approaches derive from a new consideration of the contemporary city in the light of its spatial morphology. This is described through an excursus of previous studies and contributions to the analysis of the urban form and to the change of state that many cities are experiencing together with the decaying of their economic activities. A few case studies, beginning with the project by Oswald Mathias Ungers on the city of Berlin, further explore the role of open, 'left over spaces' in providing opportunities for a networked system of public spaces in contemporary urban conditions. The last part of the paper introduces a series of strategies that respond to similar situations on Governors Island, in New York, and the small town of Cohoes, in the State of New York. In particular, in the case of Cohoes, the proposal looks for opportunities in the existing downtown area- and articulates a series of strategies focused on the reprogramming and conversion of the existing 'left-over' open spaces- to turn them into 'public spaces'. These mechanisms aim to trigger several micro processes within the project, in order to follow through on the shrinking pattern in a positive, ecologic way. The last part of the paper offers a critique of the theories and case studies analysed, using these case studies as a way to test the theories already reviewed. Moreover, the conclusions introduce some definitions of networks from the theory of Space Syntax. In this way, the paper offers itself as a theoretical tool for the approach to shrinking cities and their evolutionary patterns through the design of an armature of public spaces.</p>
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MASTALERZh, N. A. "THIRD SPACE. GENERAL THEORY OF HETEROTOPIA BY MICHEAL DEHAENE AND LIEVEN DE CAUTER." Urban construction and architecture 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2012): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.03.8.
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The term heterotopia was introduced by french philosopher Michel Foucault in his lecture in 1967 , that he held for some french architects. He was talking about some other spaces. Other spaces was published only in 1984, and since then has enjoyed increased attention from theoreticians of architecture, also as an attempt to put forward a new theory of time-space. But this article is not about Foucaults vision, but about theoretical work of Michiel Dehaene (architect, urbanist, PhD) and Leiven De Cauter (philosopher, art historian, writer, activist), who made attempt to rethink the Foucaults text, on the one hand by exposing him to criticism, on the other - seeing it as something that will give a new approach to the dichotomy of public private. The article gives a brief overview of the general theory heterotopia, its theoretical validity and recognition principles.
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Meishar, Naama. "Up/Rooting: Breaching Landscape Architecture in the Jewish-Arab City." AJS Review 41, no. 1 (April 2017): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009417000101.
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This article portrays and theorizes a new utterance of landscape architecture within Israeli Jewish-Arab urbanity, which aims to represent the prolonged and multifaceted Palestinian urban loss since 1948 in the design of a major city park. The analysis of design discourses at Jaffa Slope Park examines differing Israeli and Palestinian landscape sign systems. Dominant and breaching landscape architecture utterances in the constructed landscape of the park will be interpreted and theorized in the context of the discursive landscape sign systems, together with the local post-1948 history of urban institutional ruination and planning. The park's design involves both the intensive use and destabilization of a traditional Zionist/Israeli landscape mold that aims at greening’Ereẓ Yisra'eland at concealing ruined pre-1948 Palestinian locales under green shields. Through a close reading of the park's landscape, the paper explores ethical, political, and allegorical utterances of landscape architecture, immersed in both Israeli and Palestinian landscape semiotics, yet undermining these sign systems at the same time.
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Cabecera Soriano, Rubén. "El urbanismo de Alejandro de la Sota en la colonización española: La Bazana." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 3, no. 1 (April 28, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2016.4330.
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<p>The Spanish civil war caused the emerging development of the urban theory to come to a standstill, especially in the rural areas which had began to appear at the end of the XIX century, mainly in Europe and the United states. The need to urgently develop a process of interior colonisation in the most disadvantaged areas was solved in favour of the theories of concentration supported by José Tamés facing the colonist disintegration defended by Víctor D’Ors. The system disguised by Tamés –head of the Service of Architecture of the National Institution of Colonisation (NIC)– created population centres distributed throughout the territories colonised by the NIC, whose projects were developed by a large number of architects that formed a genuine architectural and urban laboratory. </p><p>Alejandro de la Sota was one of these architects and his work for the NIC leaves us with an imprint of an urban planning which could very well be seen on any front cover of a specialised journal. In La Bazana (1954, Badajoz) De la Sota combines with mastery the criteria imposed by the NIC with his unique interpretation of the territory, the landscape, the site, sun exposure and the way the colonists lived. </p>
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Shasore, N. E. "‘A Stammering Bundle of Welsh Idealism’: Arthur Trystan Edwards and Principles of Civic Design in Interwar Britain." Architectural History 61 (2018): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2018.7.
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AbstractThis article provides the first account of key texts and concepts in the theory and criticism of Arthur Trystan Edwards. Edwards's notion of ‘civic design’, which emanated from the Liverpool School of Architecture in the second decade of the twentieth century, was part of a broader international trend (particularly in the US and Europe) towards formal, axial and monumental planning. Edwards imbued civic design with a philosophical and political sophistication that set him apart from many of his non-Modernist contemporaries. The article discusses the underlying precepts — such as ‘subject’, ‘form’, ‘urbanity’ and ‘manners’ — in some of Edwards's critical texts, including Good and Bad Manners in Architecture (1924). The final section traces his pioneering interest in high-density, low-rise housing, which culminated with the establishment of the Hundred New Towns Association in 1933–34.
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Fikfak, Alenka. "The changing role of the master plan. Planning theory, architectural design or more?" Urbani izziv 10, no. 2 (1999): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-1999-10-02-001.
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Baklyskaia, Larisa Evgen'evna, and Konstantin Sergeevich Il'in. "Biofriendly design: arrangement of sustainable and smart environment." Урбанистика, no. 2 (February 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2310-8673.2021.2.35165.
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The subject of this research is application of the principles and techniques of biofriendly design in various environmental situations – open urban and interior spaces. The relevance of this research is defined by the need for new paradigms and conceptual solutions in order to change the relationship between urbanized environment and nature. Biofriendly design is of particularly demand in the conditions of such global challenges to modern society as the 2020 pandemic, as it opens additional opportunities for sustainable development. The research methodology is based on the unity of theory and practice. The theoretical part of the work consists in consideration of the current state of the question, analysis of the key principles of biofriendly urbanism and techniques of biofriendly design. The practical part reviews the examples of projects of the open and interior spaces, in which biofriendliness is one of the fundamental principles of arranging the environment, and simultaneously, the space organization techniques. The empirical framework is comprised of such methods as observation and analysis of the results of creative works that allow assessing the effectiveness of forms and methods of the development of creative component of professional activity. The research is conducted at the premises of the department of Design of Architectural Environment of the Pacific National University within the framework of educational course “Environmental Factors in Design” and is of applied nature. The novelty of this work consists in implementation of the obtained results in practical architectural and design engineering of environmental objects.
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Coates-Stephens, Robert. "The Walls and Aqueducts of Rome in the Early Middle Ages, A.D. 500–1000." Journal of Roman Studies 88 (November 1998): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300810.
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Our knowledge of the city of Rome after the fall of the Western Empire is largely determined by its position as the seat of the Papacy. Historical studies are based principally upon the Liber Pontificalis and the writings of the popes themselves, while architectural and archaeological research has concentrated on the city's numerous churches, many of which for the period A.D. 500–850 are remarkably well-preserved. The best known modern syntheses in English from each field are probably Peter Llewellyn's Rome in the Dark Ages (1971) and Richard Krautheimer's Rome. Profile of a City (1980). If we look beyond the purely ecclesiastical, however, we find very little Archaeological studies of Rome's urban infrastructure—walls, roads, bridges, aqueducts, sewers, housing—tend to stop, at the latest, with the Gothic Wars of the mid-sixth century. The lack of research, and therefore lack of data, have in turn been interpreted as a sign that early medieval Rome was a city bereft of an artificial watersupply, and of the resources necessary to maintain such structures as the Aurelianic Walls. Studies of medieval urbanism have been affected by this dearth of evidence proposing, for example, settlement models with the population of the city crowded into the Tiber bend in order to obtain water.
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Juvanec, Borut. "Cultural landscape in theory. 1st Part: Centre, core and triangle." Urbani izziv 13, no. 1 (2002): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2002-13-01-009.
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Stefanus, Nicholaus, and Agustinus Sutanto. "ARSITEKTUR PANGGUNG DAN PERMAKULTUR DEKAT KAMPUNG MARLINA." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i1.10898.
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In 2050, several areas in Jakarta are predicted to sink, especially in the Northern, that have experienced significant subsidence in the ground level. One of the inhabited areas that need to be considered in the future is Kampung Kota in a coastal area. Most of the Kampung Kota currently have a high building density and minimal green space. Here, the place to face the overflowing water from the sea, Kampung Marlina. Marlina is an extension of the residential area for people working in the Sunda Kelapa and Kota Tua areas (1980). In the past, the residents' houses were the Stilt Houses, residents can preserve fish under the house and it became the habit of the residents there, then it dissapear by time. Stilt Architecture is designed to accommodate the activities of the citizens of Jakarta in facing the phenomenon of the Jakarta Sinking in 2050 with the issue of tidal flooding from the sea. Using permaculture design theory, the site pattern was studied and then placed the waterways to adjust to the drainage in Kampung Marlina. Then using the Urbanism Landscape Method, Program Method and raising the habits of the residents, the building is designed like a stage by presenting the concept of a pond below, so that it serves to anticipate flooding from the sea, as well as a means for residents to cultivate seagrass beds and small fish and shrimp. In areas equipped with permaculture gardens on the edges of these airways. The garden is planted with plants with high water absorption. In the area there is a research building and lodging for researchers or students.Keywords: coastal; kampung kota residents; kampung marlina; permaculture; rob floodAbstrakPada tahun 2050, beberapa daerah di Jakarta diprediksi akan tenggelam, khususnya pada bagian Utara. Hal ini ditandai oleh daerah-daerah yang telah mengalami turunnya permukaan tanah secara signifikan. Salah satu kawasan berhuni yang perlu diperhatikan di masa depan adalah Kampung Kota di daerah pesisir. Sebagian besar Kampung Kota saat ini memiliki kepadatan bangunan yang tinggi serta minim ruang hijau. Di sini, tempat yang pertama kali akan menghadapi luapan air dari arah laut, Kampung Marlina. Kampung Marlina merupakan perluasan daerah bermukim untuk masyarakat yang bekerja di daerah Sunda Kelapa dan Kota Tua (1980). Dahulu rumah-rumah warga merupakan Rumah Panggung, yang di bawah rumah tersebut warga dapat memelihara ikan dan menjadi suatu kebiasaan warga di sana, kemudian ditinggalkan seiring berjalannya waktu. Arsitektur Panggung ini dirancang demi tujuan mewadahi aktivitas warga Jakarta dalam menghadapi fenomena Tenggelamnya Jakarta di tahun 2050 dengan isu luapan air/banjir rob dari arah laut. Menggunakan teori desain permakultur, pola tapak distudi dan kemudian menempatkan jalur-jalur air menyesuaikan dengan drainase pada Kampung Marlina. Kemudian menggunakan metode Landscape Urbanism, metode Program dan mengangkat kebiasaan dahulu warga, bangunan dirancang seperti panggung dengan menghadirkan konsep kolam di bawahnya, sehingga selain berfungsi mengantisipasi banjir rob dari laut, juga sebagai sarana warga membudidayakan padang lamun serta ikan kecil dan udang. Pada kawasan dilengkapi dengan kebun permakultur pada tepi jalur-jalur air tersebut. Kebun tersebut ditanami tanaman dengan penyerapan air yang tinggi. Pada kawasan terdapat bangunan riset serta tempat penginapan untuk para periset ataupun pelajar.
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Juvanec, Borut. "Cultural landscape in theory. 2nd Part: Development of truth – paths and goals." Urbani izziv 13, no. 2 (2002): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2002-13-02-010.
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Sendi, Richard. "Homeownership in Slovenia: Searching for an alternative theory on its excessive growth." Urbani izziv 28 (June 2017): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2017-28-01-005.
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Rivard, Tom. "Losing place: Urban Islands and the practices of unsettlement on Cockatoo Island." Design Ecologies 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/des_00003_1.
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Contemporary architectural practice posits the City as an agglomeration of built fabric and its resultant spaces; congruent theories of place attempt to discern opportunities and create methodologies to engage with and inhabit this fabric. These theories of urbanism are reacting to a socio-economic culture that demands precision, rationality and above all clarity, producing a spatial realm increasingly branded, deracinated and politically circumscribed – clearly defined, delineated and described. Architectural pedagogy is often troubled because of its service to colonization: form serving image, function slaved to economics, space subsumed into spectacle. The City, though, is fluctuating, multifunctional and elusive – demanding a conceptual entanglement of impermanence and incompletion. To explore the gap between professional practice and intuitive inhabitation, the Urban Islands project was developed. Urban Islands is an independent intensive studio programme run for two weeks each July on Sydney’s Cockatoo Island. The studios are run by emerging architects selected from around the world, and engage master’s students from six different Australian universities, in an environment meant to unsettle, unmoor and ultimately, enlighten. Deliberately eschewing linear and hermetic modes of studio discourse and instruction, the programme instead adopts strategies of wandering and migration to create an immersive investigative environment. Urban Islands utilizes narrative, fiction and a hermeneutical approach to education to re-theorize the studio. Subsequent re-readings and misreadings of place offer its participants agency in determining their roles in that space, as well as allowing for new ways to both measure and mark the earth. This article outlines the constituent conceptual concerns informing the programme, illustrated by select examples of work that enmesh analytical theory and creative design practice to propose an expanded geography of the city, one of excisions and allegory and, most importantly, one wide open to interpretation.
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Mediastika, Christina E. "UNDERSTANDING EMPATHIC ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1165385.
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Grabar, Oleg, Maria Georgopoulou, Deborah Howard, Lisa Jardine, Jerry Brotton, and Rosamund Mack. "Venice's Mediterranean Colonies: Architecture and Urbanism." Art Bulletin 85, no. 1 (March 2003): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3177333.
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Furundzic, Danilo. "Website applications in urbanism and architecture." Spatium, no. 9 (2003): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0309034f.
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In the context of rapid technology development, followed by Internet spreading worldwide, the amount of information related to urbanism and architecture has remarkably increased. This paper lists a website selection with the aim to present the state of Internet based information sources on urbanism and architecture. The idea is to help colleagues cope with numerous available on-line contents. The websites are, according to their contents, classified into following categories: associations and institutions, international documents, urban planning and design, information and communication technologies in urbanism, on-line available magazines and books, civic networks, architectural design, famous architects and best examples.
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Borsi, Katharina, Tarsha Finney, and Pavlos Philippou. "Conversations on type, architecture and urbanism." Journal of Architecture 23, no. 7-8 (September 10, 2018): 1301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2018.1514094.
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