Relevant bibliographies by topics / Theory of Combustion

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of Combustion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of Combustion"

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Brzustowski, T. A. "Combustion theory." Combustion and Flame 67, no. 3 (March 1987): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(87)90105-2.

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Morgans, Aimee S., and Ignacio Duran. "Entropy noise: A review of theory, progress and challenges." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 8, no. 4 (September 18, 2016): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827716651791.

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Combustion noise comprises two components: direct combustion noise and indirect combustion noise. The latter is the lesser studied, with entropy noise believed to be its main component. Entropy noise is generated via a sequence involving diverse flow physics. It has enjoyed a resurgence of interest over recent years, because of its increasing importance to aero-engine exhaust noise and a recognition that it can affect gas turbine combustion instabilities. Entropy noise occurs when unsteady heat release rate generates temperature fluctuations (entropy waves), and these subsequently undergo acceleration. Five stages of flow physics have been identified as being important, these being (a) generation of entropy waves by unsteady heat release rate; (b) advection of entropy waves through the combustor; (c) acceleration of entropy waves through either a nozzle or blade row, to generate entropy noise; (d) passage of entropy noise through a succession of turbine blade rows to appear at the turbine exit; and (e) reflection of entropy noise back into the combustor, where it may further perturb the flame, influencing the combustor thermoacoustics. This article reviews the underlying theory, recent progress and outstanding challenges pertaining to each of these stages.
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Buckmaster, J., P. Clavin, A. Liñán, M. Matalon, N. Peters, G. Sivashinsky, and F. A. Williams. "Combustion theory and modeling." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.280.

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Williams, A. "Combustion Theory, SEcond Edition." Chemical Engineering Science 42, no. 9 (1987): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)85045-5.

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Chiu, Huei-Huang, C. L. Lin, and T. S. Li. "ANOMALOUS GROUP COMBUSTION THEORY: TRANSIENT DUALITY IN GROUP COMBUSTION." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 4, no. 1-6 (1997): 1026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop..v4.i1-6.950.

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Shkadinskii, K. G. "Quasiisobaric approximation in combustion theory." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 8, no. 3 (May 2014): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793114030257.

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Yarin, L. P., and G. S. Sukhov. "On Filtration Combustion Reactor Theory." Combustion Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209208951842.

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BLINDERMAN, M., and A. KLIMENKO. "Theory of reverse combustion linking." Combustion and Flame 150, no. 3 (August 2007): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.12.021.

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Ellzey, Janet L., Preston S. Wilson, and Thomas G. Muir. "The combustive sound source: Combustion and bubble dynamics theory and experiment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 5 (November 1994): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.410682.

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Ruiz, Francisco. "Regenerative internal combustion engine. I - Theory." Journal of Propulsion and Power 6, no. 2 (March 1990): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23245.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of Combustion"

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Chastain, John H. "Internal combustion engine cooling strategies theory and test /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1171042757/.

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Hayes, Carrigan J. "Computational studies of combustion processes and oxygenated species." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1186708015.

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Green, Johney Boyd Jr. "Application of deterministic chaos theory to cyclic variability in spark-ignition engines." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16809.

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Comas, Hervada Bruna. "Downward flame front spread in thin solid fuels: theory and experiments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/276957.

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Flame spread over solid samples has been studied from many points of view, as it is key for fire safety, yet it is a complex phenomenon that involves processes occurring in both the solid and the gas phases. This Ph.D. thesis studies the flame spread over thin solid samples in processes more complex than the classical cases where a flame spreads horizontally or downward over a vertical solid sample. In particular, this thesis deals with three different situations: the effects of the sides to the vertically downward flame spread over a thin solid; the effects of having various parallel samples burning simultaneously, and flame spread over horizontal and downward inclined samples. For all these situations a complete experimental study is made and a model that explains the obtained results is developed
La propagació de flames en sòlids és un fenomen complex que inclou processos que s’esdevenen tant a la fase sòlida com a la fase gasosa. Diversos autors han estudiat aquest fenomen des de diferents punts de vista ja que és un element clau en l’anàlisi del risc d’incendis i de la dinàmica de focs. En aquesta tesi doctoral estudiem la propagació de flames en sòlids prims en processos més complexos que els processos clàssics, on la flama es propaga horitzontalment o cap avall en una mostra vertical. Més concretament, aquesta tesi versa sobre tres situacions diferents: l'efecte de les vores en la propagació verticalment cap avall de la flama sobre un sòlid prim; els efectes de tenir diverses mostres paral•leles cremant alhora, i la propagació cap avall de la flama en mostres inclinades i horitzontals. Per a aquestes tres situacions es desenvolupa un estudi experimental complet i un model que descriu els resultats obtinguts
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Urban, David Raymond. "A kinetic investigation of As and Se speciation within coal combustion flue gases using ab initio methods." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042806-133423/.

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Busch, Stephen [Verfasser], and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Spicher. "The Theory and Application of Optical Diagnostic Techniques in the Combustion Chamber of a Diesel Engine / Stephen Busch. Betreuer: U. Spicher." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035450984/34.

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Bauerheim, Michaël. "Étude théorique et numérique des effets de brisures de symétrie sur les modes thermo-acoustiques azimutaux dans les chambres annulaires." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0107/document.

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Une large gamme de problèmes physiques, des petites molécules aux étoiles géantes, contiennent des symétries de rotation et sont sujets à des oscillations azimutales ou transverses. Quand cette symétrie est rompue, le système peut devenir instable. Dans cette thèse, les brisures de symétries sont étudiées dans les chambres de combustion annulaires, sujettes à des instabilités thermo-acoustiques azimutales. En premier lieu, deux types de brisures sont obtenus analytiquement : la première en répartissant des bruleurs différents le long de la chambre et la seconde provoquée par le champ moyen lui-même. Ces ruptures de symétries entraînent une séparation des fréquences, fixe la structure du mode et peut déstabiliser le système. De plus, une approche Quantification d’Incertitudes (UQ) permet d’évaluer l’effet de la rupture de symétries provoquée par les incertitudes sur la description ou le comportement des flammes. Pour compléter cette théorie, des Simulations aux Grandes Echelles (SGE) sont réalisées sur un mono-secteur ainsi que sur une configuration complète 360° de l’expérience annulaire de Cambridge. Les résultats numériques sont comparés aux données expérimentales et montrent un bon accord. En particulier, un mode instable à 1800 Hz croît dans les deux cas. Cependant, la SGE, limitée par son coût important, ne permet pas l’étude du cycle limite s’établissant après plusieurs centaines de millisecondes. Pour pallier à ce problème, une nouvelle approche, appelée AMT, est développée : les résultats d’une théorie ou d’un solveur acoustique sont injectés dans une simulation SGE. Cette approche permet d’étudier les brisures de symétries, la nature et la dynamique des modes acoustiques, ainsi que d’évaluer l’amortissement dans des configurations réalistes
A large range of physical problems, from molecules to giant stars, contains rotating symmetry and can exhibit azimuthal waves or vibrations. When this symmetry is broken, the system can become unstable with chaotic behaviors. Symmetry breaking is investigated in annular combustors prone to azimuthal thermo-acoustic instabilities. First, theories reveal that two types of symmetry breaking exist : due to different burner types distributed along the chamber or due to the flow itself . It leads to frequency splitting, fixes the mode structure and can destabilize the configuration. A UQ analysis is also performed to quantify the symmetry breaking effect due to uncertainties of flame descriptions or behaviors. To complete theory, Large Eddy Simulations are performed on a single-sector as well as on a complete 360° configuration of the annular experiment of Cambridge. Numerical results are compared to experimental data showing a good agreement. In particular, an unstable azimuthal mode at 1800 Hz grows in both LES and experiment. However, LES cannot investigate the limit cycle because of its extreme cost. To tackle this problem, a new methodology is developed, called AMT, where theory or Helmholtz solver predictions are injected into LES or DNS. This method allows to study symmetry breaking, mode nature and dynamics as well as evaluating damping in realistic annular configurations
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Bourgeois, Thierry. "Couplage du logiciel Phoenics et de la méthode de zones en vue de la modélisation du transfert de chaleur dans des fournaises industrielles /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1988. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Aquino, Phillip A. "PREDICTION OF PREMIXED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE MASS FRACTON BURNED PROFILES USING A PHYSICAL FORM OF THE WIEBE FUNCTION AND THE THEORY OF TURBULENT FLAME BRUSH THICKNESS DYNAMICS." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606987013001077.

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Kashinath, Karthik. "Nonlinear thermoacoustic oscillations of a ducted laminar premixed flame." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/264291.

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Finding limit cycles and their stability is one of the central problems of nonlinear thermoacoustics. However, a limit cycle is not the only type of self-excited oscillation in a nonlinear system. Nonlinear systems can have quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations. This thesis examines the different types of oscillation in a numerical model of a ducted premixed flame, the bifurcations that lead to these oscillations and the influence of external forcing on these oscillations. Criteria for the existence and stability of limit cycles in single mode thermoacoustic systems are derived analytically. These criteria, along with the flame describing function, are used to find the types of bifurcation and minimum triggering amplitudes. The choice of model for the velocity perturbation field around the flame is shown to have a strong influence on the types of bifurcation in the system. Therefore, a reduced order model of the velocity perturbation field in a forced laminar premixed flame is obtained from Direct Numerical Simulation. It is shown that the model currently used in the literature precludes subcritical bifurcations and multi-stability. The self-excited thermoacoustic system is simulated in the time domain with many modes in the acoustics and analysed using methods from nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The transitions to the periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations are via sub/supercritical Hopf, Neimark-Sacker and period-doubling bifurcations. Routes to chaos are established in this system. It is shown that the single mode system, which gives the same results as a describing function approach, fails to capture the period-$2$, period-$k$, quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations or the bifurcations and multi-stability seen in the multi-modal case, and underpredicts the amplitude. Instantaneous flame images reveal that the wrinkles on the flame surface and pinch off of flame pockets are regular for periodic oscillations, while they are irregular and have multiple time and length scales for quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations. Cusp formation, their destruction by flame propagation normal to itself, and pinch-off and rapid burning of pockets of reactants are shown to be responsible for generating a heat release rate that is a highly nonlinear function of the velocity perturbations. It is also shown that for a given acoustic model of the duct, many discretization modes are required to capture the rich dynamics and nonlinear feedback between heat release and acoustics seen in experiments. The influence of external harmonic forcing on self-excited periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations are examined. The transition to lock-in, the forcing amplitude required for lock-in and the system response at lock-in are characterized. At certain frequencies, even low-amplitude forcing is sufficient to suppress period-$1$ oscillations to amplitudes that are 90$\%$ lower than that of the unforced state. Therefore, open-loop forcing can be an effective strategy for the suppression of thermoacoustic oscillations. This thesis shows that a ducted premixed flame behaves similarly to low-dimensional chaotic systems and that methods from nonlinear dynamical systems theory are superior to the describing function approach in the frequency domain and time domain analysis currently used in nonlinear thermoacoustics.
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Books on the topic "Theory of Combustion"

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Combustion theory: The fundamental theory of chemically reacting flow systems. 2nd ed. Menlo Park, Calif: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., 1985.

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Bebernes, Jerrold. Mathematical problems from combustion theory. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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C, Fife Paul, Liñán Amable, and Williams F. A. 1934-, eds. Dynamical issues in combustion theory. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Fife, Paul C. Dynamical Issues in Combustion Theory. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991.

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Bebernes, Jerrold, and David Eberly. Mathematical Problems from Combustion Theory. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4546-9.

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Fife, Paul C., Amable Liñán, and Forman Williams, eds. Dynamical Issues in Combustion Theory. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0947-8.

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Chomiak, Jerzy. Combustion: Astudy in theory, fact, and application. New York: Abacus Press, 1990.

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Taylor, Charles Fayette. The internal-combustion engine in theory and practice. Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Press, 1985.

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Chomiak, Jerzy. Combustion: A study in theory, fact, and application. New York: Abacus Press, 1990.

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B, Zelʹdovich I͡A︡, and Akademiia nauk SSSR, eds. The Mathematical theory of combustion and explosions. New York: Consultants Bureau, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Theory of Combustion"

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Olzmann, Matthias. "Statistical Rate Theory in Combustion: An Operational Approach." In Cleaner Combustion, 549–76. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5307-8_21.

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Griffiths, J. F., and J. A. Barnard. "Flame theory and turbulent combustion." In Flame and Combustion, 54–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0619-1_4.

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Malik, Mujeeb R. "Group Summary: Stability Theory and Applications." In Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, 79–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1032-7_6.

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Rubinstein, R. "The Yakhot-Orszag Theory and Local Interactions." In Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, 163–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1034-1_15.

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Zeldovich, Ya B., G. I. Barenblatt, V. B. Librovich, and G. M. Makhviladze. "Diffusional Combustion of Gases." In The Mathematical Theory of Combustion and Explosions, 555–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2349-5_7.

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Fridman, Vladimir. "Vibrations of an Internal Combustion Engine." In Theory of Elastic Oscillations, 239–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4786-2_12.

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Zhou, Ye. "Group Summary: Renormalization Group Theory and Turbulence Modeling." In Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, 107–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1034-1_10.

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Riahi, D. N. "Renormalization Group Theory Modeling for a Stratified Turbulence." In Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, 133–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1034-1_13.

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Bebernes, Jerrold, and David Eberly. "Introduction." In Mathematical Problems from Combustion Theory, 1–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4546-9_1.

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Bebernes, Jerrold, and David Eberly. "Steady-State Models." In Mathematical Problems from Combustion Theory, 15–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4546-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Theory of Combustion"

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Armitage, C. A., R. S. Cant, A. P. Dowling, and T. P. Hynes. "Linearised Theory for LPP Combustion Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38670.

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Gas turbines which are operated under lean, premixed, pre–vaporised (LPP) conditions are notoriously susceptible to self–excited oscillations. In the combustion chamber the unsteady heat released by combustion processes interacts with pressure fluctuations. The challenge is to develop a tool which can determine the frequency and stability characteristics of self–excited oscillations in realistic gas–turbine geometries. To this end, the flow through the gas turbine is described as far as possible by taking advantage of linearised theory and analytical models of the behaviour in the combustion chamber. First, a steady, mean flow solution for an idealised axi–symmetric combustor geometry is calculated using the inviscid Euler equations for continuity, momentum and energy with a specified distributed mean heat release. Superimposed on this is a linearised, three–dimensional perturbed flow in which the time and circumferential variation are described by a complex frequency and mode number respectively. Within this numerical model of the combustor a ‘flame model’ is used to describe the change in the rate of combustion due to inlet flow perturbations. The flame model may be given by an analytical expression—for example using a simple time lag with an expression proportional to the mean heat release in order to describe the unsteady heat release. An alternative approach would be to use a localised and detailed unsteady CFD calculation to determine the flow downstream of a generic premix duct geometry. If the flow is perturbed at the inlet a relationship between these fluctuations and the unsteady heat release may be obtained. In order to capture the response of the system to a wide frequency range an appropriately chosen broad–band forcing function may be used to perturb the flow. System identification techniques allow the transfer function to be extracted and a suitable flame model for the linearised Euler calculations may be constructed. Sample calculations of each aspect of the research will be presented to demonstrate the capabilities of each technique and the viability of combining the approaches towards the goal of aiding the design of gas–turbine combustors. Calculations using the linearised Euler methodology with analytical expressions for the flame model will demonstrate the capability of the approach to identify the frequencies of oscillation, mode shapes and zones of stability of particular combustor geometries.
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Kovarik, Robert F., and Daniel E. Czernik. "The Combustion Seal: Theory and Performance." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870006.

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Sirignano, William. "Recent Advances in Spray Combustion Theory." In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1522.

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Yue, Guangxi, Junfu Lu, Hai Zhang, Hairui Yang, Jiansheng Zhang, Qing Liu, Zheng Li, Eric Joos, and Philippe Jaud. "Design Theory of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78134.

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Studies on circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers have being conducted at the Tsinghua University (TH) for about two decades and much of works are done to link the fundamentals with practical application. A full set of design theory was developed and some key elements of this theory are presented in this paper. First, a classification of state of the solid-gas two-phase flow in CFB boiler is given. TH’s studies validated that a CFB boiler can be generally described as the superposition of a fast bed in the upper part with a bubbling bed or turbulent bed in the bottom part. A concept model of material balance for the open system of CFB boiler was developed and later improved as a more comprehensive 1-D model taking ash formation, particle attrition and segregation in bed into account. Some results of the models are discussed. Then the concept of State Specification of a CFB boiler is defined and discussed. The State Specification is regarded as the first step to design a CFB and a base to classify different style of CFB boiler technologies for various CFB boiler manufacturers. The State Specification adopted by major CFB boiler makers is summarized and associated importance issues are addressed. The heat transfer model originally developed by Leckner and his coworkers is adopted and improved. It is further calibrated with experimental data obtained on the commercial CFB boiler measurements. The principle, improvements and application of the model are introduced. Some special tools developed for heat transfer field test are also given. Also, combustion behaviors of char and volatile content are studied, and the combustion difference between a CFB boiler and a bubbling bed is analyzed. The influence of volatile content and size distribution is discussed. The concept of vertical distribution of combustion and heat in CFB boiler furnace is introduced and discussed as well. In the last, the suggested design theory of CFB boiler is summarized.
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CHIU, H. "Theory of bipropellant combustion. I - Conjugate, normal and composite combustion phenomena." In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-220.

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CHIU, H. "Theory of bipropellant combustion. II - Conjugate, normal and composite combustion in liquid rocket combustion chamber." In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-221.

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RUIZ, FRANCISCO. "The regenerative internal combustion engine. I - Theory." In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3063.

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Nguyen, Hong Hai, Vladimir Horak, and Stefan Cornak. "Theory of the Internal Combustion Engine Cycle with the Thermochemical Model of Combustion." In 2019 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/miltechs.2019.8870076.

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Frondelius, Tero, Hannu Tienhaara, Jukka Kömi, and Mauri Haataja. "Simulation-Driven Development of Combustion Engines: Theory and Examples." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-5050.

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Zhang, Kunpeng, Fei Xue, and Weiming Pan. "Theoretical Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Combustion in an Industrial Combustor With Combustion Gases Recirculation." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52025.

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Thermodynamic investigation was conducted to study the role of ejector system in a CGR (Combustion Gases Recirculation) combustor. Physical model was established to evaluate the intensity of CGR and the confirmed relationship between CGR and gas ejection was found. In order to validate the theory analyses, an industry combustor with CGR was modeled. The calculation results accord with the theory analyses. All the results implied that Active Control Combustion (ACC) might be implemented with control of gas ejection.
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Reports on the topic "Theory of Combustion"

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Buckmaster, J. D. Combustion Theory and Related Questions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada189160.

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Culick, F. E. C. Experiment and Theory for Active Control of Nonlinear Dynamics in Compression/Combustion Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419805.

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Nichols, B. D., C. Mueller, G. A. Necker, J. R. Travis, J. W. Spore, K. L. Lam, P. Royl, R. Redlinger, and T. L. Wilson. GASFLOW: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Code for Gases, Aerosols, and Combustion, Volume 1: Theory and Computational Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218.

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4

Kalman, Joseph, and Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2041.

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Abstract:
The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.
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Kalman, Joseph, and Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2041.

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Abstract:
The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.
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Gladden, John Michael, Weihua Wu, Craig A. Taatjes, Adam Michael Scheer, Kevin M. Turner, Eizadora T. Yu, Greg O'Bryan, Amy Jo Powell, and Connie W. Gao. Tailoring next-generation biofuels and their combustion in next-generation engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1121906.

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7

Hurt, R. H. Char crystalline transformations during coal combustion and their implications for carbon burnout. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8817.

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8

Hurt, Robert H. Char Crystalline Transformations During Coal Combustion and Their Implication for Carbon Burnout. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2095.

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9

Hurt, R. H. Char crystalline transformations during coal combustion and their implications for carbon burnout. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775207.

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ROBERT H. HURT. CHAR CRYSTALLINE TRANSFORMATIONS DURING COAL COMBUSTION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CARBON BURNOUT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7551.

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