Relevant bibliographies by topics / Theory of comparative advantage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of comparative advantage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of comparative advantage"

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Hunt, Shelby D., and Robert M. Morgan. "The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition." Journal of Marketing 59, no. 2 (1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900201.

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A new theory of competition is evolving in the strategy literature. The authors explicate the foundations of this new theory, the “comparative advantage theory of competition,” and contrast them with the neoclassical theory of perfect competition. They argue that the new theory of competition explains key macro and micro phenomena better than neoclassical perfect competition theory. Finally, they further explicate the theory of comparative advantage by evaluating a market orientation as a potential resource for comparative advantage.
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Hunt, Shelby D., and Robert M. Morgan. "The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition." Journal of Marketing 59, no. 2 (1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1252069.

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Prasch, Robert E. "Reassessing the Theory of Comparative Advantage." Review of Political Economy 8, no. 1 (1996): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259600000034.

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Reale, Filippo. "Comparative institutional advantage: an obituary." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 4 (2018): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000474.

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AbstractThe article traces the remains of the theory of “comparative institutional advantage”, which was crucial during the early development of the “varieties of capitalism” approach to economics but fell into oblivion quickly afterwards. It follows the discussions of the concept over time and works out possible reasons – theoretical, methodological, and discursive – for the theory's decay. In conclusion, many arguments of the theory seem outdated today but it is a great witness to thezeitgeistof comparative political economy and institutional theory of the millennium.
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Jasiński, Leszek. "The Generalization of the Comparative Advantage Theory." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 4, no. 3-4 (2017): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.4.3-4.21-33.

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Economic textbooks relate the principle of comparative advantage using examples of two products and two countries, the 2x2 case. We shall suggest an approach describing any finite number of products m and countries n, the mxn case, where m>2, n>2. For this purpose the linear programming will be used
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Golub, Stephen S., and Chang‐Tai Hsieh. "Classical Ricardian Theory of Comparative Advantage Revisited." Review of International Economics 8, no. 2 (2000): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00217.

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Costinot, Arnaud, Dave Donaldson, Jonathan Vogel, and Iván Werning. "Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 2 (2015): 659–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv007.

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Abstract The theory of comparative advantage is at the core of neoclassical trade theory. Yet we know little about its implications for how nations should conduct their trade policy. For example, should import sectors with weaker comparative advantage be protected more? Conversely, should export sectors with stronger comparative advantage be subsidized less? In this article we take a first stab at exploring these issues. Our main results imply that in the context of a canonical Ricardian model, optimal import tariffs should be uniform, whereas optimal export subsidies should be weakly decreasing with respect to comparative advantage, reflecting the fact that countries have more room to manipulate prices in their comparative-advantage sectors. Quantitative exercises suggest substantial gains from such policies relative to simpler tax schedules.
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Steuer, M. D., and Edward E. Leamer. "Sources of International Comparative Advantage, Theory and Evidence." Economica 54, no. 214 (1987): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554409.

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Smith, Alasdair, and Edward E. Leamer. "Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence." Economic Journal 96, no. 383 (1986): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233012.

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Meoqui, J. M. "Comparative Advantage and the Labor Theory of Value." History of Political Economy 43, no. 4 (2011): 743–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-1430301.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of comparative advantage"

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Cukrowski, Jacek, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Theory of Comparative Advantage: Do Transportation Costs Matter?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4244/1/WGI_DP_6900.pdf.

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The paper presents a formal analysis which incorporates returns to transportation into a Ricardian framework to predict trade patterns. The important point to be gained from this analysis is that increasing returns to transportation, coupled with appropriate distances between trading partners can be shown to reverse Ricardian predictions even when there are no international differences in tastes, technology, or factor endowments. Additional gains from trade may emerge from reductions in aggregate delivery costs owing to scale economies. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Tan, Lin Yeok. "An analysis of Singapore's dynamic comparative advantage, 1970-83." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305163.

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Subasat, Turan. "Export-led development : a theoretical and empirical investigation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313349.

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Sbracia, Massimo. "Essays in Ricardian trade theory." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12113.

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We build a general Ricardian model of international trade, which extends Eaton and Kortum (2002), in order to analyze the sources of the gains from trade, the effects of trade openness on productivity, and the role of nominal exchange rates. For general distributions of industry efficiencies, welfare gains can always be de- composed into a selection and a reallocation effect. The former is the change in average efficiency due to the selection of industries that survive international competition. The latter is the rise in the weight of exporting industries in domestic production, due the reallocation of workers away from non-exporting industries. This decomposition, which is hard to calculate in the general case, simpli es dramatically with Fréchet- distributed efficiencies, providing easy-to-quantify model-based measures of these two effects. For an average of 46 countries in 2000 and 2005, the selection effect turns out to be somewhat more important than the reallocation effect. By analyzing the relationship between trade openness and total factor productivity (TFP), we propose a novel methodology to measure the latter. The logic of our approach is to use a structural model and measure TFP not from its "primitive" (the aggregate production function), but from its observed implications. We estimate TFP levels of the manufacturing sector of 19 OECD countries, relative to the United States, in 1985-2002, as the average productivity a proxy for aggregate TFP that best ts data on trade, production and wages. Our measures turn out to be easy to compute and are no longer mere residuals. To examine the role exchange rates in a model of real consumption and production decisions with no money, we follow an insight of Keynes (1931) and replicate a currency depreciation with an increase in import barriers and a symmetric decline in export barriers. By mimicking changes in exchange rates with changes in the model parameters, we can demonstrate a series of classical results and conjectures, in a very general framework with many countries, tradeable goods and non-tradeable goods. We show not only that a depreciation has no real effects with flexible wages, but, with sticky wages, we are able to prove that an undervalued currency causes involuntary unemployment abroad, while at home it determines inefficiently high employment in the export sector, raising real GDP but lowering welfare. If the currency is overvalued, we also show that there exists an appropriate depreciation that restores competitive prices, with welfare-enhancing effects, proving Friedman's conjecture (1953).
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Tsubouchi, Minami. "Is cost competitiveness a prerequisite for growth? : application of the theory of comparative advantage in understanding developing countries' export growth in Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37477.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70).<br>The theory of comparative advantage argues that countries benefit from trade even without cost competitiveness and that what matters is the difference between efficiencies at which a country can produce different goods and services within its economy. In reality, however, a significant proportion of trade seems to occur based on cost competitiveness. China's exports to Japan have skyrocketed in the last decade, but the growth is mainly in labor-intensive industries because of the competitive prices that China can offer in global markets. This study intends to review the limitations of applying the theory of comparative advantage to interpreting the recent economic growth in Asia through theoretical reviews and a case study on Japan and China. The analysis reveals that comparative advantage can drive a developing country without cost competitiveness to growth of exports on the condition that a hierarchical mechanism exists in which an advanced country creates demand for further specialization through industrial upgrading and hands over its declining industries to the developing country. When the advanced country's need for further specialization is not sufficient, the developing country would be compelled into cost competition with the advanced country.<br>(cont.) In other words, cost competitiveness is a prerequisite for a developing country to grow in bilateral trade when the advanced country's industrial upgrading decelerates. Developing countries' only source of cost competitiveness is their abundant labor, and labor can only help the country flourish in the labor-intensive, low-value-added industries. Hence, in pursuit of developing countries' further growth in higher-value-added industries, it is crucial to formulate policies to create a hierarchical mechanism in which a developing country takes over industries from an advanced country in such a way that the two countries' comparative advantages would be most effectively leveraged.<br>by Minami Tsubouchi.<br>M.C.P.
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Štěpničková, Zuzana. "Potravinová bezpečnost a trh s biopalivy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71928.

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The aim is to draw attention to an inefficient allocation of resources and capital, which has resulted in rising food prices and the high number of hungry people in developing coutries, which European and U.S. subsidy policy does nt accumulate capital and invest in their production. I focused on the prices of raw materials for biofuel production in connection with legislative obligations and CO2 emissions, including the impact of indirect land use changes (ILUC) and based on searches draw conclusions from primary studies that deal with macroeconomic modeling. This thesis confirmed the hypothesis that the current agricultural policy on biofuels does not comply with the theory of comparative advantage of growing food where it is advatageous both economically and environmentally.
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Ahumada, Pablo Emiliano. "The Theoretical Relevance Of An Updated Marxian Theory Of Commodity In Economics." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080319.150942/.

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How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money. The thesis argues that Marx’s answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic private and independent commodity producer. The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of society’s labour for its material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the mercantile form of value is what allows society’s labour to become an objective and autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam Smith’s invisible hand. Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of production.
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Ahumada, P. E. "The theoretical relevance of an updated Marxian theory of commodity in economics." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/365.

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How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money. The thesis argues that Marx's answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic private and independent commodity producer. The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of society's labour for its material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the mercantile form of value is what allows society's labour to become an objective and autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam Smith's invisible hand. Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of production.
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Christensen, Tobias Ibsen. "The Czech Republic: European Integration and the Development of Trade Structure." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264468.

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Trade structure changes over time as a result of fundamental changes within the country or the world around it. This thesis will investigate the case of Czech Republic in the period from the transition period till today with the foundation in classical and neoclassical trade theory. The trade structure will be analyzed in regard to trade partners, commodity structure, relative comparative advantages and degree of intra-industry trade within an industry or sector. It will provide basis for assessing the effects of increased European integration which the Czech Republic increasingly engaged itself in with the accession to the EU in 2004.
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Huber, Megha. "Coffee crops in the Babati district : A study about the development in Tanzania and the connection to Sweden’s consumption." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-705.

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<p>This essay investigates the development of the cash crop coffee. It gives a historical background of the good and shows how it developed to be one of the most important and traded community in the world. Tanzania’s position and how it came to that position in the world market is shown. During a three week field study in the Babati District in 2004, some interviews with coffee farmers were made. These interviews were made with interpreters and were gathered with the help from the LAMP project. The connection to Swedish coffee consumption is also shown. One of the results was that if farmers move on to grow organic coffee they could get a larger profit. There is also an increasing demand after organic coffee in countries as Sweden so LAMP instructs the farmers in Babati to start growing organic coffee. Another result was that the farmers in the Babati district intercropped their coffee with other crops to spread the risks and lower the dependence to the world coffee market.</p>
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Books on the topic "Theory of comparative advantage"

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Keuschnigg, Mirela. Comparative advantage in international trade: Theory and evidence. Physica-Verlag Heidelberg, 1998.

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Goldin, Ian. Comparative advantage: Theory and application to developing country agriculture. OECD, 1990.

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David, Evans. Comparative advantage and growth: Trade and development in theory and practice. St. Martin's Press, 1989.

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Evans, H. David. Comparative advantage and growth: Trade and development in theory and practice. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989.

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Leamer, Edward E. The Heckscher-Ohlin Model in theory and practice. International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University, 1995.

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Kendrick, David A. Models for analyzing comparative advantage. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Memedović, Olga. On the theory and measurement of comparative advantage: An empirical analysis of Yugolslav trade in manufactures with the OECD countries 1970-1986. Thesis Publishers, 1994.

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Sung, Li-kang. Changing sources of international comparative advantage: A Bayesian estimation of the trade dependence model. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University, 1994.

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Hakura, Dalia. A test of the general validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem for trade in the European Community. International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 1999.

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Bils, Mark. Comparative advantage and unemployment. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Theory of comparative advantage"

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Keuschnigg, Mirela. "Generalizations of HOV Theory." In Comparative Advantage in International Trade. Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50212-5_4.

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Keuschnigg, Mirela. "Theory-Based Empirical Implementation." In Comparative Advantage in International Trade. Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50212-5_5.

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Keuschnigg, Mirela. "The Basic HOV Theory." In Comparative Advantage in International Trade. Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50212-5_3.

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Ruffin, Roy J. "Mill and Ricardo: The Genesis of Comparative Advantage." In 200 Years of Ricardian Trade Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60606-4_9.

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Lall, Sanjaya. "The Third World and Comparative Advantage in Trade Services." In Theory and Reality in Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18128-5_8.

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Hefeker, Carsten. "Discussion on “Mill and Ricardo: The Genesis of Comparative Advantage”." In 200 Years of Ricardian Trade Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60606-4_11.

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Tabuchi, Taichi. "Comparative Advantage in the Light of the Old Value Theories." In A New Construction of Ricardian Theory of International Values. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0191-8_9.

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Loprieno, Antonio. "Comments on “Mill and Ricardo: The Genesis of Comparative Advantage” by Roy J. Ruffin." In 200 Years of Ricardian Trade Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60606-4_10.

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Findlay, Ronald. "Comparative Advantage." In The World of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21315-3_14.

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Somaya, Deepak. "Comparative Advantage." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_404-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Theory of comparative advantage"

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Ren, Zhili, and Yuwei Ma. "The Significance of Comparative Advantage Theory and Competitive Advantage Theory to the Development of China's Foreign Trade." In 2018 International Conference on Social Science and Education Reform (ICSSER 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsser-18.2018.3.

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Wang, Li-ping. "Comparative Advantage Theory and Its Revelation to China's Foreign Trade." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5301736.

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Lin, Yun, Jie Zhu, and Hong Wang. "Reflections on Local Colleges and Universities' Convergence from the Perspective of the Comparative Advantage Theory." In 2016 International Conference on Public Management. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm-16.2016.102.

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Karaalp Orhan, Hacer Simay. "Competitiveness of Turkey in Eurasia: A Comparison with CIS Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00210.

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The main aim of this paper is to examine international competitiveness of Turkey both in world market and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) in comparison with Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and to determine the value of trade between Turkey and CIS countries. The Revealed Comparative Advantage, Grubel-Lloyd (IIT) and Trade Intensity indices were calculated for sixteen commodity groups over the period 1996–2008 by using WTO data. The results suggest that Turkey is more competitive in CIS market and has comparative advantage in various products. Turkey has comparative advantage not only in agricultural products, food, manufactures, automotive products, textile and clothing as the world market but also in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery-transport equipment, office-telecom equipment and telecommunications vis-à-vis CIS countries. CIS countries exhibit similar comparative advantages in the world market. CIS countries have comparative advantage particularly in fuels and mining products, agricultural products, food, iron and steel but in a decreasing trend. The IIT results indicate that while Turkey approaches intra-industry specialization in agricultural products, food and textile but also manufacture products such as iron and steel, telecommunications equipment, machinery-transport and automotive products. CIS countries’ economy indicates increasing intra-industry trade in agriculture products, food manufactures, iron and steel. It is found that there is an intense relationship between Turkey and CIS countries except Belarus. Bilateral trade flow between Turkey and Azerbaijan, Kyrgyz Republic and the Georgia is extremely larger than these countries’ importance in world trade.
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SMUTKA, Luboš, Miroslav SVATOŠ, and Mansoor MAITAH. "CZECH AGRARIAN FOREIGN TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES DISTRIBUTION: TRANSFORMATION PROCESS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.150.

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This paper primarily focuses on Czech agrarian foreign trade comparative advantage issues. The structure and comparative advantages distribution are analyzed in the period before (2001) and after the Czech EU accession (2015/2016). The main central aim of this paper is to identify and analyze changes in comparative advantages distribution and trade commodity structure which have occurred. Trade structure and comparative advantages distribution are analysed in relation to the EU and rest of the World (Developing countries, OECD members, CIS, etc.). Commodity structure (we applied HS system) is analysed specifically in relation to unit value development, trade volume development and comparative advantages distribution development. To successfully accomplish the above mentioned objectives, this paper applies Lafay index and Trade balance index. The results derived from individual analyses are highlighted through the “Product mapping method”. The product mapping matrix divides the entire set of exported products into 4 groups. The LFI index has been chosen for the “product mapping” approach because of its ability to take into consideration only those transactions which are truly related to individual countries’ trade performance. The TBI index has been utilized for its ability to divide the products according to their real trade performance into the above specified four quadrants. In the analysed period, Czech agrarian trade increased its dependency on EU Countries. The share of EU countries in regards to Czech agrarian trade turnover has increased from 78% to nearly 90%. Czech agrarian exports are dominated by low processed and semi-processed aggregations having a low unit value. On the other hand, imports can be characterized by a much higher unit value and a much higher processing level. Unfortunately, the unit value of Czech agrarian exports has been constantly decreasing on the other hand the unit value of imports is increasing. Czech trade comparative advantages exist in relation to the following set of products: HS10, HS12, HS01, HS04, HS15, HS24, HS22, HS11, HS17, HS03, HS16, HS09, HS13 and HS14.
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Zhao, Wenjun. "Analysis on the Comparative Advantages of Developing Green Industry in Heilongjiang Province under the Labor Division Theory." In 8th International Conference on Social Network, Communication and Education (SNCE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/snce-18.2018.20.

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Bozdağ, Emre Güneşer, and Sıtkıcan Saraçoğlu. "Analysis of Competitiveness of Turkey and Commonwealth of Independent States in their Automotive Market." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00679.

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Automotive sector is a driving sector for countries due to forward and backward linkages and employment and value added it creates. Starting from this point, this study aims to analyze the competitiveness of CIS and Turkey automotive sector in their market. The competitiveness of the countries should be assessed with their production potential. The countries subject to the study are thirteen Eurasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The data from UNCTAD for 1995-2011 period for these countries and Liesner Index (RCAL), Balassa Index (RCA), Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA) and Relative Competitiveness Index (RC) are used and the rank correlation between the outcomes are checked via Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient. According to the outcomes, Belarus, Turkey and Uzbekistan have higher comparative advantage compared to the other countries. The cooperation of these countries with Russia and Ukraine on production and trade of automotive sector will enhance their comparative advantage against third countries.
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Chiu, Wei-Che, Yared Alemu, Bryan Lynch, Shmuel Einav, Marvin Slepian, and Danny Bluestein. "Comparative Studies of Axial Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) and the Effect of Outflow Cannulation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14102.

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Congestive heart failure has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with more than 5.7 million patients suffering from it annually ( 1). Due to the limited availability of donor hearts, patients in their late stage heart failure who may require cardiac transplantation are dying while waiting for a matched heart. Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCS), such as ventricular assist devices (VAD), are utilized as a bridge to transplantation, and recently as destination therapy for extending the life of these patients. Continuous-flow VAD offer a surgical advantage over older generation pulsatile-flow VAD due to their compact design; however, due to the high RPM these VADs are operated with and the non-physiological blood flow patterns they generates, VADs are burdened with high incidence of thromboembolic events, and antiplatelet/anticoagulation regimens are mandated for the device recipients.
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Vesić, Milena, and Nenad Kojić. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEB APPLICATION PERFORMANCE IN CASE OF USING REST VERSUS GRAPHQL." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.17.

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Web applications are the most common type of application in modern society since they can be accessed by a large number of users at any time from any device. The only condition for their use is an Internet connection. Most applications run using the HTTP protocol and client-server architecture. This architecture is based on the use of API (Application programming interface), most often REST architecture (Representational State Transfer). If there are several different functionalities on the website that fill their content with data from the web server, for most of them a special HTTP request must be generated with one of the existing methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). This way of communication can be a big problem if the connection to the Internet is weak, there are a lot of HTTP requests because you have to wait for each request to be executed and for the web server to return the data. In this paper, one implementation of GraphQL is presented. GraphQL is an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs. GraphQL enables faster application development and has less server code. The key advantage is the number of HTTP requests because all the desired data of the page is obtained with one request. This paper will show a comparative analysis on the example of a real website in the case of using the REST architecture and GraphQL in the case of different qualities of Internet connections, code complexity and the number of required requests.
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Khosravanian, Rasool, and Bernt Sigve Aadnøy. "Uncertainty Evaluation of Wellbore Stability Using Comparative Rock Strength Criterions." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18052.

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Abstract The requirement of uncertainty analysis has shifted the transformation of sensitivity analysis from the deterministic area to the stochastic area.Geomechanical wellbore integrity problems during drilling operation can occur due to wellbore shear failure or tensile failure. To guarantee wellbore integrity, breakout and fracture geomechanical analysis is essential to estimate the Safe Mud Weight Window (SMWW). Wellbore stability problems causes many challenges in a drilling operation, such as pipe sticking, wellbore collapse, fluid loss and poor cement jobs. A drilling engineer must minimize the risk of these problems, however, there is a considerable uncertainty of different parameters such as geomechanical rock properties of drilled formation, and, data and parameters gathering are often incomplete. This uncertainty of main parameters have impact on the resulting SMWW.This paper perform an uncertainty evaluation of wellbore stability and its effect on the optimum interval of SMWW. The SMWW Uncertainty Evaluation of Wellbore Stability assessment for two failure criteria are compared, Mohr-Coulomb and Modified Lade criterion. We apply Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the uncertainty of the models and we do a sensitivity analysis and confidence level analysis. The paper will show the advantage of including uncertainty evaluation when determining the optimum SMWW window, as opposed to classical deterministic analysis. A case study is presented to draw a perfect understanding of the foundation of the MCS approach with practical and good results. It confirmed the capability of the proposed approach in solving such a strong-nonlinear, complex real problem.
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Reports on the topic "Theory of comparative advantage"

1

Costinot, Arnaud. An Elementary Theory of Comparative Advantage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14645.

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Costinot, Arnaud, and Dave Donaldson. Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage: Old Idea, New Evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17969.

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Felipe,, Jesus, Aashish Mehta, and Hongyuan Jin. Education and the Evolution of Comparative Advantage. Asian Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210096-2.

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The paper provides the first evidence that countries with high education levels were more successful in developing comparative advantage in products unrelated to those they already export. In contrast, education appears unimportant for developing comparative advantage in products that are intrinsically complex or education intensive.
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Newhouse, Joseph, Mary Beth Landrum, Mary Price, J. Michael McWilliams, John Hsu, and Thomas McGuire. The Comparative Advantage of Medicare Advantage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24289.

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Gaubert, Cecile, and Oleg Itskhoki. Granular Comparative Advantage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24807.

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Harrigan, James. Airplanes and Comparative Advantage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11688.

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Vandenbroucke, Guillaume, David L. Fuller, and Stéphane Auray. Comparative Advantage and Moonlighting. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2019.016.

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Harrigan, James, and Haiyan Deng. China's Local Comparative Advantage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13963.

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Bils, Mark, Yongsung Chang, and Sun-Bin Kim. Comparative Advantage and Unemployment. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15030.

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Rauch, James. Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage, and the Volume of Trade. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3512.

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