Relevant bibliographies by topics / Theory of functional grammar

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Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of functional grammar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of functional grammar"

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Verstraete, Jean-Christophe, Simon C. Dik, and Kees Hengeveld. "The Theory of Functional Grammar." Language 76, no. 1 (March 2000): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417432.

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Wedekind, Jürgen, and Ronald M. Kaplan. "Tractable Lexical-Functional Grammar." Computational Linguistics 46, no. 3 (November 2020): 515–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00384.

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The formalism for Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) was introduced in the 1980s as one of the first constraint-based grammatical formalisms for natural language. It has led to substantial contributions to the linguistic literature and to the construction of large-scale descriptions of particular languages. Investigations of its mathematical properties have shown that, without further restrictions, the recognition, emptiness, and generation problems are undecidable, and that they are intractable in the worst case even with commonly applied restrictions. However, grammars of real languages appear not to invoke the full expressive power of the formalism, as indicated by the fact that algorithms and implementations for recognition and generation have been developed that run—even for broad-coverage grammars—in typically polynomial time. This article formalizes some restrictions on the notation and its interpretation that are compatible with conventions and principles that have been implicit or informally stated in linguistic theory. We show that LFG grammars that respect these restrictions, while still suitable for the description of natural languages, are equivalent to linear context-free rewriting systems and allow for tractable computation.
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WANG, ZHIQIANG, and XINYI ZHAO. "Functional grammar and teaching of Russian grammar in China." Филология: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32322.

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The subject of this research is the implementation of the theory of functional grammar in teaching of Russian language grammar to Chinese audience. The object of this research is the functional grammar of A. V. Bondarenko and communicative function of G. A. Zolotova. Studying the theory of functional grammar of the Russian language and its application among the Chinese audience allows deepening the understanding of grammar rules and increase the efficiency of teaching Russian grammar to Chinese students. The article analyzes the current situation regarding the teaching of Russian grammar in China. Special attention is given to such question as the method of employment of the theory of functional grammar at the grammar lessons among Chinese audience. The novelty consist in the attempt to implement the theory of functional grammar in teaching of Russian language grammar to Chinese students. The article determines the flaws of the traditional structural grammar and merits of the functional grammar. It is revealed that the application of functional grammar would help the students to improve the command of grammar rules and speech communication.
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Liu, Danqing. "When cognitive grammar meets functional grammar." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.1.1.05liu.

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This paper points out that certain frequently used terms in linguistic literature, such as“prominent/salient” and “background/ground”, are in fact interpreted differently or even contrarily in Functional Grammar and Cognitive Grammar. The paper attributes their diversified interpretations to the fundamental differences between these two linguistic schools in terms of paradigm and methodology, i.e. to focus on communicative activities of speech and discourse rules or on cognitive abilities and rules. The paper claims that “prominence” as a concept in cognitive grammar mainly relates to the speaker’s concerns, and can be more specifically reworded as topicality or accessibility since it, while conflicting with the focus-stress pattern, mostly conforms to the syntactic hierarchy of syntactic functions and the accessibility hierarchy of NPs, with the case being that the higher position an element occupies in the syntactic hierarchy the more prominent it is cognitively; “prominence” in Functional Grammar, however, mainly relates to the communicative function and the information status of the relevant elements, which thus can be more specifically reworded as focus or focusing, and it mostly conforms to the focus-stress pattern but conflicts with the syntactic hierarchy, with the case being that the more deeply an element is syntactically embedded the more prominent it is functionally. Some controversial opinions about emphasized elements in certain Chinese constructions might arise from the diversified interpretations of the relevant terms. On this basis, the paper further discusses certain problems existing in the ‘figure-background’ theory in cognitive grammar.
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Hengeveld, Kees, and J. Lachlan Mackenzie. "Grammar and context in Functional Discourse Grammar." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.24.2.02hen.

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This article presents a proposal for the organization of the Contextual Component in Functional Discourse Grammar. A guiding principle in this proposal is that, given the fact that Functional Discourse Grammar is a theory of grammar, the Contextual Component should provide the information that is necessary for a proper functioning of the grammar rather than aim at an exhaustive specification of all the information that plays a role in interpreting linguistic expressions. The Contextual Component contains situational and discursive information and is organized in different strata that correspond to the interpersonal, representational, morphosyntactic, and phonological levels of representation within the grammar. The contextual representations make use of the same formalizations as the corresponding linguistic representations, thus allowing for direct exchange of information between the Grammatical and the Contextual Components. Thus exchange of information is handled by an interface called the contextualizer. The article illustrates the functioning of this model by analyzing the role of contextual information with respect to three grammatical phenomena in three different languages: Unexpressed arguments in Turkish, English too, and answers to yes/no questions in European Portuguese.
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GARCÍA VELASCO, Daniel. "Modularity and derivation in Functional Discourse Grammar." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 33, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-445079408678625808.

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ABSTRACT Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) is a typologically-based theory of language structure which is organized in levels, layers and components. In this paper, I will claim that FDG is modular in Sadock’s sense, as it presents four independent levels of representation with their own linguistic primitives each. For modular grammars, the relation between the different levels (more technically, the nature of the interfaces) is a central issue. It will be shown that FDG is a top-down grammar which follows two basic principles in its dynamic implementation: Depth-first and Maximal depth. Together with external constraints, these principles conspire to create linguistic representations which are psychologically adequate and which allow levels to be circumvented if necessary, thus simplifying representations and creating mismatches among them.
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Velasco, Daniel García. "Functional Discourse Grammar and acquisitional adequacy." Revista Odisseia 2 (December 20, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1983-2435.2017v2n0id13182.

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This article explores the compatibility of Functional Discourse Grammar with Tomasello’s (2003; 2008) Social-Pragmatic theory of language acquisition. Section 1 follows Boland (1999, 2006) and others who have claimed that theories of language should be constructed in such a way that they are compatible with what is known about the process of first language acquisition. In section 2, I will briefly explore the main approaches to the study of language acquisition in current linguistics and I will claim that a functional theory of language should preferably be compatible with a constructivist approach, given the paramount role they confer on social, communicative and cultural factors in language acquisition. The paper will then concentrate on examining the compatibility of FDG with Tomasello’s (2003, 2008) theory of language acquisition. My conclusion will be that many aspects of the internal architecture of FDG and the analytical tools employed in the model find direct correlate in Tomasello’s work and thus FDG seems to be in an excellent position to meet Boland’s standard of acquisitional adequacy.
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Khaliman, Oxana. "The development of Alexander Bondarko’s ideas in the aspect of grammar of estimation theory." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3587.

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The study of the functional particularity of grammatical units allowed to pay attention to their pragmatic importance in the discursive practice and communication. Based on the principles of linguistic functionalism, which is a basis of active type grammar, it is necessary to continue the study of grammatical units as one of the means of expressing evaluation in relation to their structural peculiarities with the communicative process. A. Bondarko is one of the founders of functional grammar. In his works he has created a systemic-functional description on the Russian grammatical system. Principles of the development of a dynamic aspect of the grammatical units functioning in the interaction with elements of different language levels are one of the postulates which underlie in the description of the expression of evaluative meaning by grammatical units, the principles of grammar of estimation. The article enlightens the principles of the theory of functional grammar, grammar of active type, that concern the problem of creation of grammar of estimation as a complex description of grammatical means for expressing estimation meanings; A. Bondarko’s ideas of functional grammar that are significant for the theory of grammar of estimation are described in the article.
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Rakova, Alya, John L. Watzke, and James W. Sweigert. "The Russian Reference Grammar/Core Grammar in Functional Context." Slavic and East European Journal 43, no. 2 (1999): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/309581.

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Farrell, Patrick, Susumu Kuno, and Ken-Ichi Takami. "Grammar and Discourse Principles: Functional Syntax and GB Theory." Language 71, no. 2 (June 1995): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416173.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of functional grammar"

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Ura, Hiroyuki. "Checking theory and grammatical functions in universal grammar /." New York [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0605/99023232-d.html.

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Kim, Tai-Soo. "Functional features in Korean : a minimalist approach /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8422.

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Sakurai, Kazuhiro, and 櫻井和裕. "An OT-LFG analysis of language change." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46732482.

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Smit, Johan Brand. "An investigation into the adequacy of Cinque’s functional theory as a framework for the analysis of adverbs in Afrikaans." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85752.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study provides a description of Afrikaans adverbs within the framework of proposals set out by Cinque (1999). Previous analyses of adverbs in Afrikaans have generally been done within a non-generative framework (e.g. Oosthuizen 1964, Theron 1964). The aim of the study is to determine whether Cinque’s functional head-based theory provides an adequate framework for the analysis of adverbs in Afrikaans. The main focus is therefore on the functional aspect of adverbs. However, alternative theoretical frameworks, namely those of Ernst (2002), Tenny (2000), and Holmer (2012), are also briefly described. The study is presented with the broad theoretical framework of Minimalist Syntax. Cinque’s research procedure is outlined, starting with his analysis of adverbs in Romance languages and then as it is extended cross-linguistically. Here the focus is especially on the conclusions that Cinque draws with regard to the relative order of adverb types, and that of clausal functional heads. Adverbs in Afrikaans are subsequently analysed in the light of Cinque’s findings. The main question addressed in this study, namely whether Cinque’s hierarchies of adverb and funcional category orders can be successfully applied to Afrikaans, is answered in the affirmative. Despite limitations in the diagnostic procedure, Afrikaans adverb and functional head orders seem to comply with Cinque’s proposed hierarchies. That the facts of Afrikaans adverbs seem to comply with Cinque’s functional theory regarding adverbs, provides support for his proposed framework and also provides further credence to his claims about a universal, cross-linguistic hierarchy of adverb-functional head order.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bied ’n beskrywig van Afrikaanse bywoorde binne die raamwerk van voorstelle van Cinque (1999). Vorige analises van Afrikaanse bywoorde is grotendeels binne ’n nie-generatiewe raamwerk gedoen (bv. Oosthuizen 1964, Theron 1964). Die doel van die studie is om vas te stel of Cinque se funksionele hoof-gebaseerde teorie ’n toereikende raamwerk bied vir die analise van Afrikaanse bywoorde. Die klem val dus op die funksionele aspek van bywoorde. Alternatiewe teoretiese raamwerke, naamlik die van Ernst (2002), Tenny (2000) en Holmer (2012) word egter ook kortliks beskryf. Die studie word aangebied binne die breë teoretiese raamwerk van Minimalistiese Sintaksis. Cinque se navorsingsprosedure, beginnende met sy analise van bywoorde in Romaanse tale, en daarna soos uitgebrei na tale van ander families, word beskryf. Hierin is die fokus veral op die gevolgtrekkings waartoe Cinque kom rakende die relatiewe volgorde van bywoord-tipes en van funksionele hoofde in sinsverband. Afrikaanse bywoorde word dan in die lig van Cinque se bevindinge geanaliseer. Die hoofvraag wat in die studie aangespreek word, naamlik of Cinque se hierargieë van bywoord- en funksionele hoof-volgordes suksesvol toegepas kan word in Afrikaans, word positief beantwoord. Ondanks beperkings in die toetsingsprosedure, blyk dit dat die volgorde van bywoorde en funksionele hoofde in Afrikaans wel met Cinque se voorgestelde hierargieë ooreenstem. Die bevinding dat die feite van Afrikaans klop met die bewerings van Cinque se funksionele teorie van bywoorde, bied ondersteuning vir die oënskynlike toereikendheid van sy voorgestelde raamwerk, en verskaf verdere geloofwaardig-heid aan sy voorstel van ’n universele hiërargie van bywoord-funksionele hoof- volgorde, oor verskillende tale heen.
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Wee, Constance Wei-Ling Languages &amp Linguistics Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Mobilising action through management email texts: the negotiation of evaluative stance through choices in discourse and grammar." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43514.

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This thesis is concerned with explicating the role of language in mobilising action through management emails. Situated within the context of organisational change in a globalised manufacturing business, the project is framed by behavioural observations from management scholars Palmer and Hardy (2000) of mobilisation strategies that utilise linguistic resources since they: (a) involve a sense of obligation or inclination in directives; (b) show how co-operation will produce mutual benefits; (c) construct desired actions as legitimate, beneficial or inevitable; and (d) use past or anticipated meanings, for or against certain actions. Systemic Functional Linguistics is the underlying framework employed to provide a theoretically principled account of the intuitively derived observations from Palmer and Hardy (2000) which are applied to a sample of twenty-seven email texts, through corpus- and text-based analysis. A major finding is that the representation of action is enacted interpersonally through the verbal group. This view complements experientially dominated accounts of the verbal group which focus on the tense system. Further, action is found to be motivated through the negotiation of evaluative stance. By relating the grammar of the verbal group as well as other resources to the discourse semantics of Appraisal, modulation (of obligation or inclination) is found to be enabled by both negative as well as positive judgements of capacity. Specifically, judgements of capacity are re-interpreted as invocations of high obligation as managers seek to mobilise (further) positive performance. The analysis demonstrates that elements in the verbal group (complex) and Appraisal co-opt action through enabling positioning of the writer, in terms of assessing and grading categorical meanings, manipulating interpersonal time, or foregrounding solidarity. A significant contribution to the thesis is an extension of the system of GRADUATION: FOCUS (Hood, 2004a) through the demonstration of how resources of the verbal group negotiate expectations of appearances and achievements. This study has also extended the resources of GRADUATION: FORCE by applying it to the management context. The practical contribution of the study is that these insights may more explicitly inform management training and enable managers to participate more effectively within their community of practice.
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Panesar, Kulvinder. "Natural language processing (NLP) in Artificial Intelligence (AI): a functional linguistic perspective." Vernon Press, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18140.

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Yes
This chapter encapsulates the multi-disciplinary nature that facilitates NLP in AI and reports on a linguistically orientated conversational software agent (CSA) (Panesar 2017) framework sensitive to natural language processing (NLP), language in the agent environment. We present a novel computational approach of using the functional linguistic theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) as the linguistic engine. Viewing language as action, utterances change the state of the world, and hence speakers and hearer’s mental state change as a result of these utterances. The plan-based method of discourse management (DM) using the BDI model architecture is deployed, to support a greater complexity of conversation. This CSA investigates the integration, intersection and interface of the language, knowledge, speech act constructions (SAC) as a grammatical object, and the sub-model of BDI and DM for NLP. We present an investigation into the intersection and interface between our linguistic and knowledge (belief base) models for both dialogue management and planning. The architecture has three-phase models: (1) a linguistic model based on RRG; (2) Agent Cognitive Model (ACM) with (a) knowledge representation model employing conceptual graphs (CGs) serialised to Resource Description Framework (RDF); (b) a planning model underpinned by BDI concepts and intentionality and rational interaction; and (3) a dialogue model employing common ground. Use of RRG as a linguistic engine for the CSA was successful. We identify the complexity of the semantic gap of internal representations with details of a conceptual bridging solution.
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Ro, Hee-Jin. "Les référentiels et opérateurs aspecto-temporels : définitions, formalisation logique et informatique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040130.

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Le présent travail prend appui sur une synthèse de travaux déjà effectués dans l’équipe LaLIC (Langues,Linguistiques, Informatique, Cognition) ; il insiste sur l’articulation entre différents concepts, centrés sur la notion deréférentiel. Ma thèse fait partie d’une chaîne où sont approfondis certains concepts rendus de plus en plus opératoires.Mon travail prend appui sur les travaux sur le temps et l’aspect d’E. Benveniste, A. Culioli et J.-P. Desclés, enparticulier, il s’inscrit le développement de la théorisation du temps et de l’aspect entreprise par J.-P. Desclés et Z.Guentchéva. Dans cette approche, il existe cinq classes de concepts importants :1) Trois notions aspectuelles de base constitutives d’un procès : état, processus, événement ;2) Aspectualisation d’un procès sur un intervalle topologique d’instants ;3) Énonciation conceptualisée comme processus inaccompli ;4) Repérage par identification, différenciation et rupture ;5) Prise en compte de différents référentiels.Certains concepts avaient déjà reçus une formalisation rigoureuse. Au fil des analyses de plus en plus diversifiées, lanotion de référentiel est devenue de plus en plus importante dans le dispositif théorique et dans les descriptions associées.Il m’a donc été demandé de mieux préciser cette notion de référentiel en en proposant une approche formalisée quipermettrait ultérieurement des traitements informatiques. J’ai replacé cette notion dans le cadre théorique de latemporalité appréhendée par les langues en argumentant son introduction et en formalisant ses concepts. Afin de mieuxéprouver le caractère opératoire des concepts formalisés, il est apparu que leurs traductions dans un langage informatiquepermettraient de prouver leurs caractères réellement opératoires et de jeter des ponts solides orientés vers une utilisationopérationnelle des analyses linguistiques que nous proposons
This dissertation support a synthesis of already accomplished works at the laboratory LaLIC(Languages, Linguistics, Informatics, Cognition) ; it emphasizes the articulation among different concepts, centered onthe notion of referential. My thesis forms a part of a chain where some rendered concepts are deepened more and moreoperatively. My work supports the works about the tense and the aspect of E. Benveniste, A. Culioli and J.-P. Desclés, inparticular, it is in line with the development of the theorization about the tense and the aspect proceeded by J.-P. Desclésand Z. Guentchéva. In this approach, there are five types of important concepts:1) Three basic aspectual notions constituent of a process (situation): state, process, event;2) Aspectualisation of a process (situation) on a topological interval of instants;3) Conceptualized enunciation as imperfective process;4) Reference by identification, differentiation and rupture;5) Recognition of different referentials.Some concepts are already received rigorous formalizations. Over the analyses being increasingly diversified, the notionof referential becomes more and more important in the theoretical plan and in the associated descriptions. It wasdemanded to me to improve the specification of this notion of referential while I proposed a formalized approach thatwould admit the computing treatments later. I put this notion within the theoretical framework of the temporality whichapprehended by the languages while arguing its introduction and while formalizing their concepts. To better perceive theoperative character of the formalized concepts, it was their translations in the computer language which enables to provetheir effectively operative characters and to dispose the solid link oriented towards an operational utilization of thelinguistic analyses that we propose
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Park, Karen Elizabeth. "The selective properties of verbs in reflexive constructions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3154fd5f-a82c-4454-9679-cd3c5c7b0fb0.

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This dissertation investigates the relationship between verbs and reflexive markers within reflexive constructions, setting forth the hypothesis that the verb plays a determining role in anaphoric binding. The work builds upon Dalrymple’s (1993) argument that binding constraints are lexically specified by anaphoric elements and demonstrates that reflexive requirements can be lexically specified for distinct groups of verbs, an approach which offers another level of descriptive clarity to theories of anaphoric binding and introduces a means of predicting reflexive selection in domains where syntactic constraints do not readily apply. This is shown to be particularly pertinent in languages with more than one reflexive type that have overlapping syntactic binding domains. The hypothesis is substantiated by data from five typologically distinct languages: English, Dutch, French, Russian, and Fijian. Contributing to this data set, new empirical evidence in favour of previously unrecognized reflexive forms in the Fijian language is introduced in this work. Following Sells et al. (1987), it is demonstrated that reflexive constructions are definable over four different components of linguistic representation and a quadripartite linguistic analysis is, therefore, adopted that incorporates c-structure, f-structure, lexical structure, and semantic structure within a Lexical Functional Grammar theoretical framework. The level of semantic structure is found to be particularly interesting since the realization of a reflexive construction is shown to be influenced by differing semantic requirements between verbs and reflexives. On the basis of several semantic tests, verbs in reflexive constructions are shown to have two different predicate structure types, ‘transitive’ and ‘intransitive’, and reflexive markers are shown to have three different internal semantic structures, ‘strict’ (x,x), ‘close’ (x,f(x)), and ‘near’ (x,y). The syntactic, semantic, and lexical characteristics of the reflexives and verbs analyzed over the data set presented in this work result in the identification of eight different reflexive/verb types and the establishment of two implicational relationships:
  1. Reflexive markers in lexically intransitive reflexive constructions have no semantic content.
  2. Verbs that take a reflexive argument with a strict (x,x) or close (x,f(x)) internal structure must be intransitive at the semantic component of linguistic structure.
These results contribute to our understanding of anaphoric binding theory, directed verb categories, the syntax-semantics interface, and the licensing of multiple reflexive types within a given language.
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Morcom, Lindsay A. "The universality and demarcation of lexical categories cross-linguistically." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15c6d591-9721-4a53-a390-848ea2df95af.

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Drawing data from a variety of sources, this thesis compares functional evidence regarding lexical categories from a number of Salish and Wakashan languages, as well as from the Michif language. It then applies Prototype Theory to examine the structure of the lexicons of these languages. They are described in terms of prototype categories that overlap to varying extents, with each category and each area of overlap defined by a central set of prototypical features. A high degree of gradience appears to exist between categories in Salish and Wakashan languages, with no clear boundary between categories or areas of overlap, indicating that lexical categories in these languages, rather than being clearly demarcated, are instead fuzzy categories with very little distinguishing them. Categories in Michif, on the other hand, exhibit far less overlap. This variation is compared to variation in conceptual categories across languages, and challenges the notions of the universality of clearly demarcated lexical categories and the existence of separately stored language module in the human mind. In spite of the variation in lexical category demarcation observed across the languages studied, it is possible to demarcate the categories of Noun and Verb to at least some extent in all languages, as well as a category of Adjective in some languages. This supports the proposed universality of the categories of Noun and Verb, as well as the implicational universals proposed in the Amsterdam Model of Parts of Speech (Hengeveld 1992a, b). It is also possible to identify a number of defining characteristics for each lexical category that appear to hold across languages. Since similar characteristics can be identified across languages for all categories, but the categories themselves display varying degrees of overlap in individual languages, this research supports the proposal that language universals, rather than consisting of structures, rules, and categories that are identical in all languages, are rather collections of prototypical characteristics for grammatical categories that are similar across languages (Croft 2000).
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Röckner, Lindgren Joanna. ""Vi förstår reaktionerna" : En textanalytisk studie av Parken Zoo:s kriskommunikation i pressmeddelanden och på Facebook." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18829.

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Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur Parken Zoo försökte rädda sin image och påverkabilden av krisen parken befann sig i under hösten 2012. Uppsatsen har även som avsikt att undersökahur kriskommunikationen utvecklas under krisförloppet och hur den skiljer sig mellan två texttyper,samt belysa vilka språkliga resurser som används för att realisera strategierna inom image repair theory,som i denna uppsats benämns som Benoits teori om imagereparation. Materialet består av trepressmeddelanden och tre uttalanden publicerade på Facebook från Parken Zoo. Dessa har analyseratsutifrån Benoits (1997) teori om imagereparation samt systemisk-funktionell textanalys. Resultatetindikerar att Parken Zoo har försökt rädda sin image genom att ifrågasätta uppgifterna som framkommit,framhäva goda egenskaper och värderingar samt redogöra för åtgärder som vidtagits och ska vidtas.Jämförelsen av kriskommunikationen i pressmeddelandena och Facebook-uttalandena tyder på attkommunikationen på Facebook kännetecknas av en mer personlig och närhetsskapande strategi medankommunikationen i pressmeddelandena är mer auktoritär. Resultatet visade också att val av strategi ochhur många strategier som används förändras under krisens förlopp, troligen beroende på vilken krisfasparken befinner sig i. Under akutfasen använde Parken Zoo samtliga strategier, i jämförelse med krisensförstadium då endast en strategi användes. Analysen har även synliggjort mönster för vilka språkligaresurser som verkar bidra till realiseringen av respektive strategi ur Benoits teori om imagereparation.Transitivitetsanalysen visade bland annat att den förnekande strategin i första hand realiseras genomattributiva relationella processer medan den tillrättaläggande strategin karakteriseras av materiellaprocesser. Avslutningsvis diskuteras även delar av materialet som inte har kunnat kategoriseras som enstrategi på ett tydligt sätt men som ändå kan ses som försök att rädda Parken Zoo:s image, exempelvissynliggörs möjligheten till en ny strategi som går ut på att visa förståelse.
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Books on the topic "Theory of functional grammar"

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Dik, Simon C. The theory of functional grammar. 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1997.

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Dik, S. C. The theory of functional grammar. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris Publications, 1989.

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1957-, Hengeveld Kees, ed. The Theory of functional grammar. 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1997.

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Developing systemic functional linguistics: Theory and application. Sheffield, UK: Equinox, 2014.

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A theory of syntax for systemic functional linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2000.

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1952-, Takami Ken-ichi, ed. Grammar and discourse principles: Functional syntax and GB theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

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Lachlan, Mackenzie J., ed. Functional discourse grammar: A typologically-based theory of language structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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The theory of neutralization and the archiphoneme in functional phonology. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 1988.

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Dik, Simon C. The Theory of Functional Grammar. Part 2. Complex and Derived Constructions. Edited by Kees Hengeveld. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110218374.

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Kuno, Susumu. Grammar and Discourse Principles: Functional Syntax and GBTheory. Chicago: Univ. Chicago P., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Theory of functional grammar"

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Dik, Simon C. "7. Functional Grammar." In Linguistic Theory and Grammatical Description, 247. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.75.09dik.

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Wescoat, Michael T., and Annie Zaenen. "3. Lexical Functional Grammar." In Linguistic Theory and Grammatical Description, 103. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.75.05wes.

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Bolkestein, A. Machtelt. "Sentential complements in functional grammar." In Layers and Levels of Representation in Language Theory, 71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.13.05bol.

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Hesp, Cees. "The functional grammar computational natural language user and psychological adequacy." In Layers and Levels of Representation in Language Theory, 295. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.13.13hes.

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Nottbeck, Emilia. "Chapter 10. Modelling relative clauses in Processability Theory and Lexical-Functional Grammar." In Widening Contexts for Processability Theory, 231–54. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/palart.7.10not.

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Boye, Kasper, and Peter Harder. "Chapter 4. Dual processing in a functional-cognitive theory of grammar and its neurocognitive basis." In Human Cognitive Processing, 133–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.70.04boy.

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Mackenzie, J. Lachlan. "Functional grammar." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 286–93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m.fun1.

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Knain, Erik. "Functional Grammar." In Scientific Literacy for Participation, 25–57. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-896-1_2.

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Longenecker, Steven N., and Patrick A. Fitzhorn. "Form + Function + Algebra = Feature Grammars." In Design Theory ’88, 189–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3646-7_17.

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Hannay, Mike, and Kees Hengeveld. "Functional discourse grammar." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–31. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.13.fun4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Theory of functional grammar"

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Agarwal, Manish, and Jonathan Cagan. "Shape Grammars and Their Languages: A Methodology for Product Design and Product Representation." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3867.

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Abstract This paper argues that shape grammars and the languages they define are an ideal means to generate and represent products where basic functionality can be decomposed into discrete processes, forms can be created to fulfill those functional processes, and variation in those forms differentiates between competitive products. A shape grammar for the design of coffee makers is highlighted and used to illustrate how an infinite set of a class of products can be articulated through a concise shape grammar. Novel coffee makers and coffee makers in the market today are generated from the grammar.
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Finger, S., and J. R. Rinderle. "A Transformational Approach to Mechanical Design Using a Bond Graph Grammar." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0013.

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Abstract During the design process, a designer transforms an abstract functional description for a device into a physical description that satisfies the functional requirements. In this sense, design is a transformation from the functional domain to the physical domain; however, this transformation process is not well characterized nor understood for mechanical systems. The difficulty arises, at least in part, because mechanical designs are often composed of highly-integrated, tightly-coupled components where the interactions among the components are essential to the behavior and economic execution of the design. This assertion runs counter to design methodologies in other engineering fields, such as software design and circuit design, that result in designs in which each component fulfills a single function with minimal interaction. Because of the geometry, weight, and cost of mechanical components, converting a single behavioral requirement into a single component is often both impractical and infeasible. Each component may contribute to several required behaviors, and a single required system behavior may involve many components. In fact, most mechanical components perform not only the desired behavior, but also many additional, unintended behaviors. In good mechanical designs, these additional behaviors often are exploited. The long term goal of our research is to create a transformational strategy in which the design specifications for a mechanical system can be transformed into a description of a collection of mechanical components. To realize this goal requires formal representations for the behavioral and the physical specifications of mechanical systems as well as formal representations for the behaviors and the physical characteristics of mechanical components. Because the interactions of components are important in our synthesis strategy, the representation of the behaviors of mechanical components must be linked to the representation of their physical characteristics; that is, we are concerned with modeling the relationship between form and function of components. Finally, we need a strategy that enables us to transform an abstract description of the desired behavior of a device into a description that corresponds to a collection of available physical components. In this paper, we present a graph-based language to describe both the behavioral specifications of a design as well as the behavior of the available physical components. We also briefly discuss a graph-based grammar for the representation of the physical characteristics of the components that enables us to guide the translation from specifications to components [Pinilla 89]. The transformation strategy is discussed in a companion paper [Hoover 89].
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Ertelt, Christoph, and Kristina Shea. "Generative Design and CNC Fabrication Using Shape Grammars." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49856.

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Generative design and fabrication refers to the ability to autonomously generate designs while simultaneously generating all information to directly fabricate them. This technique is driven by the increasing need to rapidly and flexibly fabricate customized parts and individually designed products. For the automation of the design-to-fabrication process chain, intensive and dynamically updated knowledge from the domains of design and fabrication must be provided. To allow for a flexible, autonomous fabrication, the knowledge modeled must dynamically reflect the state of the fabrication system and its capabilities. This paper presents an approach to unify knowledge for generative design and generative fabrication using shape grammars. With shape grammars, the geometry of designs and their mapping to removal volumes corresponding to fabrication processes on CNC machine tools are represented. The process instructions for fabrication are included by augmenting the removal volume shapes with labels. A new shape grammar approach to represent designs and fabrication processes is presented and validated on an example functional part as a proof-of-concept. The approach enables pushing knowledge downstream, from design and process planning directly to the fabrication system itself providing a stepping stone towards awareness of machine capabilities in fabrication systems and autonomous process planning for customized parts.
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Finger, Susan, and Scott A. Safier. "Representing and Recognizing Features in Mechanical Designs." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0103.

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Abstract When experts view an object, they perceive it in terms of their own expertise. For example, manufacturers see features that affect the processes used to fabricate a part, while structural engineers see sources of stresses and other features that tend to reduce the life of a part. Features can be geometric, such as slots or chamfers; they can be quantitative, such as distances between holes; they can be functional, such as alignment; or they can be qualitative, such as a rough surface finish. Research in feature-based design systems for mechanical designers has been motivated by the realization that geometric models represent the design in greater detail than can be utilized by designers, process planners, assembly planners, or by systems that emulate these activities. Features provide abstractions to facilitate the creation, representation, and analysis of designs. Our goal is to enable designers to compose mechanical designs from high-level features that embody functional and geometric properties. In addition, we want to provide designers with feedback on the manufacturability, assemblability, functionality, cost, etc. of the design as it evolves. To support this process in an intelligent CAD environment requires the integration of geometric models, analysis tools, and synthesis tools so that all aspects of the design can be considered while it is in progress. We are developing a design environment based on a shared representation of the design in which we can extract and reason about features of the design from different perspectives. Our approach is to represent both the design and the features using graph grammars. By representing the features using the same grammar as the design, we can recognize features by parsing a feature against the graph that represents the design. We are exploring grammars for behavior as well as geometry in order to provide a link between behavioral and geometric representations. In this paper, we focus on the representation and recognition of features.
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Hai, Le Manh, and Phan Thi Tuoi. "Vietnamese Lexical Functional Grammar." In 2009 International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kse.2009.45.

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McKeown, Kathleen R., and Cecile L. Paris. "Functional unification grammar revisited." In the 25th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981175.981189.

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Tóth, Noémi Evelin, and Győző Yang Zijian. "Magyar nyelvtan tanulását segítő alkalmazás átalános és középiskolás diákok részére." In Agria Média 2020 : „Az oktatás digitális átállása korunk pedagógiai forradalma”. Eszterházy Károly Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17048/am.2020.211.

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A kutatás célja egy olyan tanulást segítő alkalmazás megvalósítása, amely segítségével a magyar diákok számára könnyebbé tehető az olyan anyanyelvi alapok megértése, mint például, hogy miként épülnek fel a mondatok, milyen egységekből állnak össze és azok hogyan viszonyulnak egymáshoz. A száraz nyelvtani anyagok helyett önállóságot növelő, játékos és interaktív feladatokkal több diák is közelebb kerülhetne a magyar nyelvhez és annak mélyebb megértéséhez. Tapasztalat, hogy a tanulók számára a nyelvtan, mint tanóra, sokszor okoz nehézségeket a tanulás során. Bár az évek alatt átfogó anyagot kapnak ahhoz, hogy a nyelvtan mindennapi használata ne jelenthessen gondot, azonban sokan így sem tudják összeegyeztetni a tanultakat a gyakorlattal, hiába használják nap mint nap helyesen az anyanyelvüket. Elmondható, hogy messze elmarad az általában kedvelt tantárgyak mögött, holott mindennek az alapját az jelentené, ha egy ember a saját anyanyelvét jól ismerné és használná. Ezért fontos lenne elérni, hogy a gyerekek számára a nyelvtantanulás, korosztálytól függetlenül, ne csak teher legyen. Találják meg a nekik megfelelő nehézségű feladatokat, amelyeket élvezettel oldhatnak meg, megfelelő visszajelzést kapva arról, ha hibáztak és azt hogyan javíthatják. Ehhez társul egy olyan webes technológiákkal és nyelvészeti eszközökkel támogatott alkalmazás, ami rendelkezik a megfelelően felépített és letisztult felhasználói felülettel, ami kisebb gyerekek és szülők számára is érthető és könnyen használható. Az alkalmazás funkciói közé tartozik mind a törzsanyag elsajátítása, mind a helyesírás és a mondatok elemzése, ellenőrzése. A tananyag csakúgy, mint ahogy az iskolában, témakörökre bontott, amikben korosztály szerint megtalálhatók a feladatsorok és a hozzájuk artozó magyarázó részek. Így könnyebben feldolgozható, lépésről lépésre, gyakorlati példákon keresztül tanulható az elmélet. A feladatok sokszínűsége miatt a diákok figyelme fenntartható és különböző jutalmazási rendszereken keresztül a tanulás élvezetesebbé válhat. A szoftver hátterében pedig jól bevált, különféle nyelvi elemzők implementálásával maga a szoftver is részt vesz a mondatok elemzésében, a helyesírás ellenőrzésében az iskolákban tanított nyelvi szabályok alapján. A felhasználók pedig maguk is megadhatják az elemezni kívánt mondatot, vagy mondatokat. Mindezzel nemcsak a diákok, de a pedagógusok munkája is egyszerűbbé válhat, ugyanis azzal, hogy a diákok nemcsak az órán kaphatnak visszajelzést a tudásukról, ami a legtöbb iskolában heti egy-két alkalmat jelent, az önálló, otthoni tanulás is eredményessé válhat, a program így elősegíti az anyag helyes rögzülését is. ----- Hungarian grammar learning application for primary and high school students ----- The aim of this research is the development of an application that allows Hungarian students to learn the basics of the Hungarian grammar in an easier way, for instance the sentence structure, the different units that build up a sentence, and how they relate to one another. Instead of the plain grammar rules, this application motivates students for independence, helps students to get closer to the Hungarian language by friendly and interactive tasks, and allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the language itself. When it comes to grammar lessons many individuals have experienced difficulties in the learning process. Although they get a brief overview during the years, granting them the correct use of their language in the everyday life without complication, some still can’t manage to apply their studies in practise. It can be stated that it is far behind the popular subjects, despite the fact that it would be the basis of everything, that a person knows and uses their mother language in the correct way. This is one of the main reasons why we need to find a way, in which every individual regardless of their age finds learning grammar more than just a burden. They should be able to find the right tasks for their knowledge, which they can solve with joy, getting the right feedback, letting them know of their mistakes, and ways to correct those mistakes. Such a thing would be the application stated above, using web technologies and linguistic tools, including a properly structured and clean user interface, which would be easy to use and understand for both small children and adults as well. The application would function as a tool for learning the core material, besides accurate spelling, analysing sentences and inspecting them. The educational material would be themed just like in school, in which themes one can find tasks for particular age groups along with the explanation. With this approach the theory is more processable through practical examples. With the diversity of tasks the attention of students is more viable, and using some kind of a rewarding system the learning process becomes more enjoyable. The software would take part in analysing the sentences, supervising the spelling based on the language and grammar rules applied by schools, alongside with the well proven language analysts. The users would also be able to specify their own sentences when it comes to analysing. Thereby not just the learning process for students would become easier, but the performance for teachers and educators, considering that the students would not only receive feedback of their knowledge in school, which only happens one or two times a week, but also during their independent learning processes which they can manage outside of school, since the application supports the correct fixation of material.
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Helms, Bergen, Hansjo¨rg Schultheiß, and Kristina Shea. "Automated Assignment of Physical Effects to Functions Using Ports Based on Bond Graphs." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48140.

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Innovation processes are highly susceptible to cyclic influences, such as evolving knowledge due to new technologies. In order to cope with these challenge, computational support is required. Paper-based design methods have vast amounts of knowledge at their disposal in the form of design catalogues. However, lacking a computational implementation, these knowledge sources provide no support for considering dynamic influences in the innovation process. The presented method is targeted at making the physical effects contained in design catalogues available for computational design synthesis approaches. For this purpose, this paper introduces the notion of abstraction ports that is used to represent the valid mapping between functional operators and physical effects. For the automated assignment of abstraction ports, a method has been developed that analyzes the equation structure of physical effects. This approach is derived from the modeling technique of bond graphs and is independent of any selection process proposed by design catalogues. Moreover, it allows for the formalization of evolving knowledge in new physical effects that are not yet contained in design catalogues. The assignment of abstraction ports has been successfully validated through the formalization of the physical effects of two design catalogues. Future work comprises the integration of quantitative characteristics of physical effects and the realization within the object-oriented graph grammar system booggie.
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Engelberg, Klaus-Jürgen. "Lexical Functional Grammar in speech recognition." In the 12th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991635.991670.

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Kaplan, Ronald M., and John T. Maxwell. "Constituent coordination in Lexical-Functional Grammar." In the 12th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991635.991696.

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Reports on the topic "Theory of functional grammar"

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Moorman, Kenneth, and Ashwin Ram. A Functional Theory of Creative Reading. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada496794.

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Salsbury Jr., Freddie. Magnetic fields and density functional theory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753893.

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Wu, Jianzhong. Density Functional Theory for Phase-Ordering Transitions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1244653.

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Feinblum, David V., Daniel Burrill, Charles Edward Starrett, and Marc Robert Joseph Charest. Simulating Warm Dense Matter using Density Functional Theory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209460.

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Ringnalda, Murco N. Novel Electron Correlation Methods: Multiconfigurational Density Functional Theory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329569.

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O'Halloran, Kay, and Kevin Judd. Synthesis of Systemic Functional Theory & Dynamical Systems Theory for Socio-Cultural Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada536099.

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O'Halloran, Kay. Synthesis of Systemic Functional Theory & Dynamical Systems Theory for Socio-Cultural Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560376.

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Burke, Kieron. Density Functional Theory with Dissipation: Transport through Single Molecules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039302.

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Pachter, Ruth, Kiet A. Nguyen, and Paul N. Day. Density functional Theory Based Generalized Effective Fragment Potential Method (Postprint). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609687.

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Huang, L., S. G. Lambrakos, N. Bernstein, A. Shabaev, and L. Massa. Absorption Spectra of Water Clusters Calculated Using Density Functional Theory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada587440.

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