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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Theory of language variation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of language variation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of language variation"

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Coppieters, René, Hugh Douglas Adamson, and Rene Coppieters. "Variation Theory and Second Language Acquisition." Language 66, no. 1 (1990): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415289.

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Coppieters, René. "Variation theory and second language acquisition." Language 66, no. 1 (1990): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1990.0038.

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Bokamba, Eyamba G. "Code-mixing, language variation, and linguistic theory:." Lingua 76, no. 1 (1988): 21–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(88)90017-4.

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Kasstan, Jonathan R. "Emergent sociolinguistic variation in severe language endangerment." Language in Society 48, no. 5 (2019): 685–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000472.

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ABSTRACTContrary to Labov's principle of style shifting, studies in language obsolescence portray speakers of dying languages as ‘monostylistic’, a characterization questioned here. Variationist methodology is adopted in a context of gradual language death. By combining quantitative and interactional analyses of data from older, younger, and new speakers of Francoprovençal in France and Switzerland, the article considers (a) to what extent variability in language obsolescence differs from that found in ‘healthy’ languages, and (b) how innovations might spread through communities speaking threatened languages characterized as ‘monostylistic’ and lacking overt normative infrastructure. It is argued that style variation (not monostylism) emerges from linguistic decay: among more fluent speakers, a categorical rule of /l/-palatalization before obstruents becomes underspecified, rendering palatalization available for strategic use. Among new speakers, novel palatal variants form part of an emergent sociolinguistic norm. The study offers fresh insights on the origins of sociolinguistic variation with implications for variationist theory. (Language obsolescence, language death, language variation and change, style variation, new speakers)*

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Bouchard, Denis. "The origins of language variation." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2003 3 (December 31, 2003): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.3.03bou.

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Linguistic variation derives from properties of the physical and conceptual make-up of human beings which were adapted to produce language. This adaptative approach is contrasted with the Minimalist Program, in which properties specific to language are said to be different from anything found in the organic world (Chomsky 1995). Six basic cases are compared. Whereas the analysis in the Minimalist Program is ultimately a listing of construction-specific features, the adaptative approach relies on properties of the initial state which are logically prior to linguistic theory and provide a strong basis for causal relations that explain why languages vary, and why they vary in the particular ways they do in these six cases.

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Tengku Paris, Tengku Nazatul Shima. "Enhancing Language Learning using the Theory of Variation." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 5, no. 15 (2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v5i15.342.

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 The study is on the use of Throw Back Time (TBT), an interactive digital board game aimed at teaching grammar tenses and aspect. The game exclusively designed according to the Theory of Variation (Marton & Booth, 1997). Four patterns of variation including contrast, separation, generalization, and fusion were used. The study employed a qualitative content analysis in illuminating the principles of the Theory of Variation (ToV) in the design of the grammar exercises in the game. Hence, the study suggests that the elements in the (ToV) governing the tasks in the game delivers positive outcomes to help learners learning grammar.Keywords: Grammar; The Theory of Variation; Interactive; Digital learnerseISSN: 2514-7528 © 2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v5i15.342

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White, Lydia. "Universal Grammar, crosslinguistic variation and second language acquisition." Language Teaching 45, no. 3 (2012): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444812000146.

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According to generative linguistic theory, certain principles underlying language structure are innately given, accounting for how children are able to acquire their mother tongues (L1s) despite a mismatch between the linguistic input and the complex unconscious mental representation of language that children achieve. This innate structure is referred to as Universal Grammar (UG); it includes universal principles, as well as parameters which allow for constrained variation across languages.

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Anttila, Arto, and Young-mee Yu Cho. "Variation and change in optimality theory." Lingua 104, no. 1-2 (1998): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(97)00023-5.

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Mar-Molinero, Clare, and Miranda Stewart. "Language variation and change." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 1 (2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.3.1.02mar.

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Embick, David. "Variation and Morphosyntactic Theory: Competition Fractionated." Language and Linguistics Compass 2, no. 1 (2007): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00038.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of language variation"

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Lipscomb, David Robert. "Non-linear phonology and variation theory." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61817.

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Liu, Siu-lin. "The use of variation theory to improve student learning in Chinese composition." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895475.

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Liu, Siu-lin, and 廖小蓮. "The use of variation theory to improve student learning in Chinese composition." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895475.

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To, Kwok-kuen. "A study of the use of variation theory to enhance understanding of primary school students of argumentative writing." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35672444.

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To, Kwok-kuen, and 杜國權. "A study of the use of variation theory to enhance understanding of primary school students of argumentative writing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35672444.

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Carrie, Erin. "A social-psychological study of foreign learners' attitudes and behaviours towards model varieties of English speech." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5667.

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This thesis attempts to bridge the gap between Social Psychology and Sociolinguistics by exploring the relationship between language attitudes and language use. Using a sample of 71 university students in Spain, it investigates how learners deal with phonological variation in the English language, what language attitudes are held towards American and British models of English speech and which social and psychological factors are linked with learners' language attitudes and language use. A social-psychological model was adopted and adapted, allowing learners' use of intervocalic /t/ to be successfully predicted from measures of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Direct measures of learners' preferred accent and pronunciation class were also highly predictive of learners' language use. Several trends were found in the attitudinal data. Firstly, British English speech was rated more favourably overall, though American English speech was often viewed as more socially attractive. Secondly, the evaluative dimensions of competence and social attractiveness were salient amongst learners in the Spanish context. Each of these findings endorses those of previous language attitude studies conducted elsewhere. Thirdly, female speakers were consistently rated more favourably than male speakers; thus, highlighting the need for further investigation into the variable of speaker sex. Familiarity with the speech varieties under investigation – most often gained through education, media exposure, time spent abroad and/or contact with native speakers – seemed to result in learners challenging rigid stereotypes and expressing more individualised attitudes. Overall, British speech emerged as formal and functional, while American speech was thought to fulfil more informal and interpersonal functions. This thesis provides compelling evidence of attitude-behaviour relations, adds to the growing volume of language attitude research being conducted across the globe, and establishes – for the first time – which social and psychological variables are relevant and salient within English-language learning contexts in Spain.

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Engels, Eva. "Adverb placement an optimality theoretic approach /." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974371874.

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Braga, Henrique Santos. "Desaparecimento da flexão verbal como marca de tratamento no modo imperativo - um caso de variação e mudança no português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-05012009-141440/.

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A partir de um corpus composto por textos dramáticos, produzidos na região sudeste brasileira entre 1850 e 1975, nossa pesquisa se destina a estudar o uso que os falantes fizeram, ao longo desse período, das formas do singular do modo imperativo. A motivação para esse estudo se deve ao fato de que, em certas variantes do português brasileiro nas quais se trata o interlocutor primordialmente pelo pronome você, é já constatado um processo de variação entre a forma imperativa oriunda do indicativo associada ao tratamento em segunda pessoa do singular e a forma oriunda do subjuntivo tida como terceira pessoa do singular. Dada essa sincronia, já analisada por alguns trabalhos, nosso intuito foi investigar usos de épocas anteriores, visando a identificar se, ao longo do tempo, além da variação é possível ainda observar um processo de mudança lingüística envolvendo essas formas verbais. Para tratar do fenômeno em questão, optamos pela Teoria Multissistêmica (cf. CASTILHO, 2006), uma abordagem funcionalista que assume a língua como um sistema complexo, no qual os subsistemas gramatical, lexical e semântico-pragmático, embora sejam correlacionados, não estabelecem relações determinísticas. Buscamos ainda sugestões metodológicas da sociolingüística variacionista para quantificar os dados em análise.<br>From a corpus comprised of dramatic texts produced in Brazils southeast region between 1850 and 1975, our research aims to study speakers usage of the imperative mood in the singular form. The motivation of this thesis is due to the fact that among certain variations of brazilian Portuguese language the interlocutor is treated mainly by the pronoun você. Moreover, a process of variation has already been noticed between the imperative form derived from the indicative mood associated with the treatment in the second-person singular and the form derived from the subjunctive mood considered as the third-person singular. Given this synchrony that has already been analyzed in other papers, our target was to investigate the usage in previous times aiming to identify if besides the variation it is still possible to observe a language changing process involving this verbal forms. To treat the phenomenon in question we have opted for the multisystemic theory (cf. CASTILHO, 2006), a functional linguistics approach that assumes language as a complex system in which the grammatical, lexical and semantic-pragmatical subsystems, in spite of being correlated, dont establish a deterministic relationship. We have still searched for methodological suggestions from the variacionist sociolinguistic to quantify the data being analyzed.

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Corrêa, Raquel da Costa. "A realização variável de vibrante simples em lugar de múltipla em onset silábico no português falado em Antônio Prado - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142540.

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De acordo com Frosi e Mioranza (1983), a realização de vibrante simples em lugar de múltipla é um fenômeno passível de ocorrer no português quando este está em contato com o italiano. No Rio Grande do Sul, a população de descendentes de imigrantes italianos se faz fortemente presente, principalmente nas cidades da antiga RCI-RS (Região de Colonização Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul). Os estudos realizados por Rossi (2000), Spessatto (2003), Bovo (2004) e Battisti e Martins (2011) nessas comunidades revelam que o emprego variável da vibrante simples em lugar da múltipla é uma prática predominantemente masculina, rural e realizada pelos falantes de faixa etária mais elevada. O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar, com base na Teoria da Variação (LABOV, 1972), a proporção de aplicação da regra variável de uso de vibrante simples em lugar de múltipla, tanto em posição intervocálica (arroz) quanto em início de palavra (rua) em Antônio Prado – RS, e os condicionadores linguísticos e sociais do processo, na hipótese de que as variáveis sociais sejam mais relevantes para a aplicação da regra, como atestam estudos realizados em outras comunidades de fala. Partimos também da hipótese de que os homens de mais idade, moradores da zona rural, aparecerão como favorecedores da realização da vibrante simples, conforme indica a literatura. A amostra é composta por 32 informantes de Antônio Prado (RS), do Banco de Dados da Serra Gaúcha (BDSer), da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), considerando as seguintes características: 2 gêneros, 2 locais de residência (urbano e rural), 4 grupos etários (15-30; 31-50; 51-70; 71 ou mais anos), 2 níveis de escolaridade (primário a fundamental e médio a superior). A análise estatística dos dados é feita através do Goldvarb e os resultados revelam que a faixa etária mais elevada não favorece a aplicação de vibrante simples em Antônio Prado, contrariando uma de nossas hipóteses. Realizam-se registros etnográficos (SPRADLEY, 1979) com o intuito de compreender e explicar os resultados da análise de regra variável, através das informações obtidas sobre as práticas sociais (ECKERT, 2000) dos informantes. Os registros incluem três entrevistas etnográficas, além de observações e anotações realizadas em eventos na comunidade.<br>According to Frosi e Mioranza (1983), the occurrence of flap where a trill is expected is a common phenomenon in Brazilian Portuguese when it is in contact with the Italian language. In Rio Grande do Sul, the population of immigrants and their descendants is strongly present, mainly in the old RCI-RS (Região de Colonização Italiana, Italian Sattlement Region) cities. The studies by Rossi (2000), Spessatto (2003), Bovo (2004) and Battisti and Martins (2011) reveal that the use of flap instead of trill is a predominantly male and rural practice, mostly performed by older speakers. This study aims to verify, based on the Language Variation Theory (LABOV, 1972), (i) the frequency of use of flap instead of trill, both in intervocalic position (arroz) and at the beginning of the word (rua), in Antonio Prado - RS; and (ii) the social and linguistic conditioning variables of rule application, in the hypothesis that the social variables are indeed more relevant for the application of the rule, as revealed by prior studies.We also hypothesize that older men, residents of the countryside, condition rule application. The interviews of 32 informants from Antônio Prado (RS) used in the research were taken from Serra Gaúcha Database (BDSer), from University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), considering the following characteristics: 2 genders (male, female), 2 places of residence (urban and rural), 4 age groups (15-30; 31-50; 51-70; 71 or older), 2 educational levels (from 1 to 8 years of education, and 9 or more years of education). The statistical analysis was done with Goldvarb software, and the results show that the older age group does not condition the use of flap in Antônio Prado, contradicting our hypothesis. We use ethnographic records (SPRADLEY, 1979) in order to comprehend and explain the quantitative results in the perspective of social practices (ECKERT, 2000). The records include 3 ethnographic interviews, as well as observations and notes recorded in community events.

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Estigarribia, Bruno. "Asking questions language variation and language acquisition /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Books on the topic "Theory of language variation"

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Adamson, Hugh. Variation theory and second language acquisition. UMI, 1988.

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Variation theory and second language acquisition. Georgetown University Press, 1988.

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Linguistic variation: Confronting fact and theory. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Linguistic variables: Towards a unified theory of linguistic variation. J. Benjamins, 1993.

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Intelligibility in world Englishes: Theory and application. Routledge, 2011.

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Language system and its change: On theory and testability. Mouton de Gruyter, 1985.

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University), Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variation (23rd 1994 Stanford. Sociolinguistic variation: Data, theory, and analysis : selected papers from NWAV 23 at Stanford. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, 1996.

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Grammatical change: Theory and description. Pacific Linguistics, 2010.

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Diglossia: A study of the theory with application to Tamil. Georgetown University Press, 1986.

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Chibaka, Evelyn Fogwe. A grammatical description of Metta (Cameroon) in relation to focus parametric variation: Evident in focalisation and wh-fronted questions. Köppe, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Theory of language variation"

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Rickford, John R. "Variation theory." In Cross Currents in Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.2.13ric.

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Poplack, Shana. "Variation theory and language contact." In American Dialect Research. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.68.13pop.

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Fasold, Ralph W. "Variation and Syntactic Theory." In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118335598.ch8.

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Henry, Alison. "Variation and Syntactic Theory." In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470756591.ch10.

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Anttila, Arto. "Variation and Phonological Theory." In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470756591.ch8.

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Morimoto, Yukiko, and Peter de Swart. "Language Variation and Historical Change." In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2004. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.278.11mor.

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Cao, Shunqing. "The Variation Theory in Cross-Language Context." In The Variation Theory of Comparative Literature. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34277-6_3.

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Cameron, Deborah. "The Politics of Variation: Sex Differences in Language (I)." In Feminism and Linguistic Theory. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22334-3_3.

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Geveler, Jasmin, Laia Arnaus Gil, and Natascha Müller. "The acquisition of variation." In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rllt.13.10gev.

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de Hoop, Helen, and Peter de Swart. "Cross-linguistic Variation in Differential Subject Marking." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6497-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Theory of language variation"

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Bin, Li. "The Reflection of Modern Transformation of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory in the Horizon of Variation Study." In Annual International Conference on Language, Literature & Linguistics (L3 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l316.7.

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Piperski, A. Ch. "RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND CORPUS DIVERSITY." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-615-627.

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This paper discusses the use of most widely-known Russian corpora, namely Russian National Corpus, ruTenTen, General Internet Corpus of Russian, and Araneum Russicum Maximum, for the theoretical study of Russian language. Based on a sample of papers from 2019, I demonstrate that scholars, especially theoretical linguists, tend to ignore the opportunities provided by a wide range of Web corpora, even though these resources are well-known to the NLP community. I present a selection of case studies to show that data from “non-classical” corpora can be used for studying various linguistic phenomena, such as: 1) variation in morphology and syntax; 2) word formation and lexical change; 3) construction grammar. I also claim that the underuse of non-classical corpora is partly due to the fact that they are (perceived as) not quite user-friendly.

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Panta Pazos, Rube´n. "Finding the Minimun of the Quadratic Functional in Variational Approach in Transport Theory Problems." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48479.

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In this work it is reviewed the variational approach for some Transport Problems. Let X be a convex domain in Rn, and V a compact set. For that, it is considered the following equation: ∂ψ∂t(x,v,t)+v·∇ψ(x,v,t)+h(x,μ)ψ(x,v,t)==∫Vk(x,v,v′)ψ(x,v′,t)dv′+q(x,v,t)(1) where x represents the spatial variable in a domain D, v an element of a compact set V, Ψ is the angular flux, h(x,v) the collision frequency, k(x,v,v’) the scattering kernel function and q(x,v) the source function. It is put the attention in the construction of the quadratic functional J which appears in variational approaches for transport theory (for example, the Vladimirov functional). Some properties of this functional in a proper functional framework, in order to determine the minimum for J are considered. First, the general formulation is studied. Then an algorithm is given for minimizing the functional J for two remarkable problems: spherical harmonic method and spectral collocation method. A program associated to this algorithm is worked in a computer algebraic system, and also was depeloped a version in a high level language.

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Samanta, Bidisha, Sharmila Reddy, Hussain Jagirdar, Niloy Ganguly, and Soumen Chakrabarti. "A Deep Generative Model for Code Switched Text." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/719.

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Code-switching, the interleaving of two or more languages within a sentence or discourse is pervasive in multilingual societies. Accurate language models for code-switched text are critical for NLP tasks. State-of-the-art data-intensive neural language models are difficult to train well from scarce language-labeled code-switched text. A potential solution is to use deep generative models to synthesize large volumes of realistic code-switched text. Although generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders can synthesize plausible monolingual text from continuous latent space, they cannot adequately address code-switched text, owing to their informal style and complex interplay between the constituent languages. We introduce VACS, a novel variational autoencoder architecture specifically tailored to code-switching phenomena. VACS encodes to and decodes from a two-level hierarchical representation, which models syntactic contextual signals in the lower level, and language switching signals in the upper layer. Sampling representations from the prior and decoding them produced well-formed, diverse code-switched sentences. Extensive experiments show that using synthetic code-switched text with natural monolingual data results in significant (33.06\%) drop in perplexity.

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Mouton, Marnel, and Ilse Rootman-Le Grange. "Scientific Discourse: Can Our First-Year Students Express Themselves in Science?" In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11110.

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Scientific discourse is a specialized, semantically dense language used to formulate clear, objective arguments around experimental results. However, science classrooms are practically void of scientific argumentation and this important skill is rarely modelled or developed in these spaces. Yet, students are expected to engage with complex disciplinary texts and then demonstrate their mastery of scientific subject matter using appropriate scientific discourse. Students find this extremely challenging and many are implicitly excluded from successful engagement with the subject. The aim of our study was the assessment and development of first-year biology students’ scientific discourse skills through collaborative pedagogy, to make aspects of biology discourse explicit to all students. We drew on Legitimation Code Theory’s concept of semantic density, which considers complexity of meaning, to design a learning opportunity and then analyzed selections of students’ summative assessments. Results showed profound variation in the proficiency of the students’ scientific vocabulary and language functions, and the discourse of the school and first-year biology textbooks. We therefore argue for science pedagogy that would allow students time and opportunities to mindfully engage with complex disciplinary text and then demonstrate their mastery of their learning using appropriate scientific discourse.

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Sonina, Snejina, and Sylvia Mittler. "Business French and Translation in the Era of Google Translate: Variations on the Action-based Approach in Language Courses." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8009.

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In this article we outline our practices for the inclusion of electronic translation devices in specialized French language courses and reflect upon the changing landscape of language teaching. We describe how the use of Google Translate can increase students' awareness of linguistic, stylistic, and cultural differences in our culturally and linguistically diverse clasrooms. Although we characterize our didactic approach as action based, we differenciate our use of this approach from its common use in general language courses and point out the usefulness of intellectualizing it based on our use of Google Translate in work-place-oriented courses. Furthermore, we use our experience with action based approaches and translation devices to answer the following questions: why are students still learning languages; what are the language skills that they are interested in; and what is the role of a teacher in this new world of quasi-magic linguistic tools.

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Fukuda, Shuichi, and Yoshifusa Matsuura. "Understanding Emotion in Sound." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0200.

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Abstract The conventional sound recognition pursues meaning of a sound by analytical approach. But a human can recognize the emotional feelings of a speaker no matter what language he or she may use. There seems to be 2 kinds of such expressions. One is truly emotional at heart and another is to convey how he or she feels as a message. This work is aimed at understanding such messages of the emotional feelings of a speaker. Our preliminary work demonstrated that anger can be extracted from sound and characterized by noting the pitch frequency and the amplitude variation using cepstrum method.

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Marineau, Eric, Marcelo Reggio, J. Y. Tre´panier, and Benoit Ozell. "A Visualistic Approach in Aerodynamics." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/isd-34433.

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This study stresses the power of the visual communication language in engineering education and design. The work explores the potential of virtual learning tools aimed to create a new dimension for the study and the understanding of aerodynamics in higher education. For an aerodynamic wing, an hyperspace is defined by selecting geometric and flow variables. It is proposed to study the relation among these variables and their impact on the aerodynamic performance by defining various set and assemblies of three-dimensional subspaces. These spaces are then visualized in the 3D CAVE immersive room opening thus novel paths for the undestanding of the performance of wing aerodynamics with flow and geometric variation. The particular case of airplane wings is presented.

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Dagman, Andreas, and Rikard So¨derberg. "Geometrical Robust Form Division." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34764.

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By combining a Computer Aided Industrial Design (CAID) tool with a Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) tool, concurrent work between two related, but in industry often separated, areas with correlated product design features is facilitated. This paper presents an analysis tool that allows the creation and evaluation of split-lines in design concepts with respect to geometrical robustness and aesthetics. The aim with the analysis tool is to create products that are insensitive to manufacturing variation with the industrial design intent preserved. Since the split-lines are clues to detecting variation in assembled products, as well as part of the design language and the characterization of the product, it is important to work with these issues concurrently. The platform concept has been increasingly adopted in companies which, in many cases, provide an inheritance of the locating schemes, thus affecting the geometrical robustness of the concept, between models and sometimes even brands. This means that the parts creating an assembled product need to be designed in such a way that they satisfy the locating scheme configuration to achieve a geometrically robust solution. The functionality of the analysis tool has been demonstrated on an automobile body.

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Melai, Zeckqualine, and Alvy Rigar. "Moribund Language Documentation and Preservation: A Preliminary Study on the Punan Language." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.6-6.

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This study focuses on the Punan language in Punan Bah, Belaga, Sarawak. The Punan language is a language spoken by the Punan people, one of the minority ethnic groups in Sarawak. This study is a preliminary study of the language and acts as an early step in the effort to document and preserve the language. This preliminary study is pivotal in preventing teh language from falling into an endangered phase or becoming moribund. This study also aims to resolve confusion over some terms used to refer to the Punan ethnicity and Punan language. This study was conducted as field-oriented research. The respondents were selected based on several criteria and were native speakers of the Punan language, aged forty and above, and living in the Punan Bah area. Data were collected through interviews and voice recordings. The data include the history and the background of the Punan ethnicity. The outcome of the study shows that the Punan language and ethnicity are different from the Penan language and ethnicity, and these ethnicities belong to two different categories with their own respective identities. From historical and background aspects, the Punan language is spoken in eight long houses, namely Punan Pandan, Punan Jelalong, Punan Mina, Punan Meluyou, Punan Bah, Punan Biau, Punan Sama and Punan Kakus. From a linguistics aspect, it is found that the Punan language has four main variations; daily spoken language, ukiet (folklore), u'a and setuo. Hence, this study will explore the diversity of indigenous languages in Sarawak.

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Reports on the topic "Theory of language variation"

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Hoinkes, Ulrich. Indexicality and Enregisterment as Theoretical Approaches to the Sociolinguistic Analysis of Romance Languages. Universitatsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21941/hoinkesindexenregromlang.

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Social indexicality and enregisterment are basic notions of a theoretical model elaborated in the United States, the aim of which is to describe the relationship between the use of language variation and patterns of social behavior at the level of formal classification. This analytical approach is characterized by focusing on the interrelation of social performance and language awareness. In my contribution, I want to show how this modern methodology can give new impetus to the study of today’s problem areas in Europe, such as migration and language or urban life and language use. In particular, I am interested in the case of Catalan, which has been studied for some time by proponents of the North American enregisterment theory. This leads me to indicate that explicit forms of social conduct, such as language shift or the emblematic use of linguistic forms, can be interpreted with regard to the social indexicality of Catalan. I thus analyze them in a way which shows that authenticity and integration in Catalan society can be achieved to a considerable extent by practicing forms of linguistic enregisterment.

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Ball, Jerry T. The Double R Theory of Language Comprehension. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425779.

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Fontanari, Jose F. From Cognition To Language: The Modeling Field Theory Approach. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada464277.

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Traum, David R. Towards a Computational Theory of Grounding in Natural Language Conversation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248777.

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Taubinsky, Dmitry, and Alex Rees-Jones. Attention Variation and Welfare: Theory and Evidence from a Tax Salience Experiment. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22545.

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Demir, Kadir A., and John S. Osmundson. A Theory of Software Project Management and PROMOL: A Project Management Modeling Language. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada489736.

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Sridharan, Preetham. "Agglutinating" a Family: Friedrich Max Mûller and the Development of the Turanian Language Family Theory in Nineteenth-Century European Linguistics and Other Human Sciences. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6234.

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.

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Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.

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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

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Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 > 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.

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