Dissertations / Theses: 'Theory of socioemotional selectivity'

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Parks, Sherrie L. "The sound of music: The influence of evoked emotion on recognition memory for musical excerpts across the lifespan." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1143.

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TITLE: THE SOUND OF MUSIC: THE INFLUENCE OF EVOKED EMOTION ON RECOGNITION MEMORY FOR MUSICAL EXCERPTS ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen, 1999) posits that as people age, they selectively focus on positive aspects of emotional stimuli as opposed to negative as a way of regulating emotions. Thus, older adults remember positive information better than negative. This hypothesis has been tested extensively with visual stimuli, but rarely with auditory stimuli. Findings from this study provide support in the auditory domain. In this study, 135 younger, middle-aged, and older adults heard consonant (pleasant) and dissonant (unpleasant) musical excerpts. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Study Only condition, in which they heard excerpts and studied them for later recognition, a Rate Only condition, in which they rated the excerpts and were tested later in a surprise recognition test, or a Rate and Study condition, in which they rated and studied the excerpts for later recognition. Results indicated that younger, middle-aged and older adults remembered consonant (pleasant) musical excerpts better than dissonant (unpleasant) musical excerpts overall and provide support for the hypotheses of the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.

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Johnson, Ellen. "The Unconscious Influence of Mortality Salience on Younger and Older Adults." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1087.

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Past research has examined the many ways individuals behave in response to unconscious primes. For instance, unconsciously activating stereotypes leads people to exhibit behavior that parallels the target stereotype (e.g., Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996; Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998). Priming methodology has also been extended to inducing mortality salience, such that specific behaviors emerge in response to thinking about one’s own death. Two theories, socioemotional selectivity theory and terror management theory, hypothesize how individuals cope with thoughts about the end of life. The present study attempted to extend past research by comparing older and younger adults’ responses to unconscious mortality salience. Fifty-nine younger adults and 52 older adults were randomly assigned to one of two prime conditions: death prime or negative prime. The unconscious primes were administered through word searches, which contained 20 target words related to each prime. Defenses to the primes were assessed via suitability ratings and reaction times to a picture-caption task, which contained both neutral and emotional (positive and negative) captions paired with neutral pictures. A defense was operationalized as higher suitability ratings and faster reaction times to the positive captions, as well as lower suitability ratings and slower reaction times to the negative captions. Based on terror management theory, it was expected that individuals who were primed with death would display specific defensive behavioral responses as compared to those who were primed with negativity, regardless of age. Socioemotional selectivity theory, however, predicts that these defenses may also emerge when older adults are primed with negativity due to the increased tendency for older adults, relative to younger adults, to automatically implement default emotion regulatory goals. Analyses revealed that both younger and older adults embraced the neutral and positive captions after being primed with death. Participants primed with negativity were also more likely to embrace positivity. Age differences emerged such that younger adults were faster when reacting to emotional captions in the death condition than in the negative condition. Conversely, older adults primed with negativity reacted faster to emotional captions than those primed with death. Implications for terror management theory and socioemotional selectivity theory are discussed. Overall, both young and older adults displayed defenses to prime-activated threats of death and negativity. The implementation of death-related defenses was stronger for younger adults than the implementation of negativity-related defenses, but the opposite was true for older adults.

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Dinh, An. "Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perceptions on Social Relationships of Older Adults with Aphasia Before and After Exposure to Socioemotional Selectivity Theory." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1572882456682253.

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Hatak, Isabella, Rainer Harms, and Matthias Fink. "Age, job identification, and entrepreneurial intention." Emerald, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2014-0213.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how age and job identification affect entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach: The researchers draw on a representative sample of the Austrian adult workforce and apply binary logistic regression on entrepreneurial intention. Findings: The findings reveal that as employees age they are less inclined to act entrepreneurially, and that their entrepreneurial intention is lower the more they identify with their job. Whereas gender, education, and previous entrepreneurial experience matter, leadership and having entrepreneurial parents seem to have no impact on the entrepreneurial intention of employees. Research implications: Implications relate to a contingency perspective on entrepreneurial intention where the impact of age is exacerbated by stronger identification with the job. Practical implications: Practical implications include the need to account for different motivational backgrounds when addressing entrepreneurial employees of different ages. Societal implications include the need to adopt an age perspective to foster entrepreneurial intentions within established organizations. Originality/value: While the study corroborates and extends findings from entrepreneurial intention research, it contributes new empirical insights to the age and job - dependent contingency perspective on entrepreneurial intention. (authors' abstract)

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Zia, Mohammed Wajid. "Investigating how perception of time left in life effects information processing and goal orientated behaviours in older adults : using socioemotional selectivity theory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29437.

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Background/Aims: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) is an emerging theory of lifespan development, implicating adaptive motivational processes with ageing. SST maintains that age is inherently linked with future time perspective (FTP). It argues that when people perceive time in life as expansive, typically in youth, individuals tend to prepare for the future, investing time and energy in Future and Knowledge-oriented goals. Increasingly with age FTP is more limited, consequently individuals prioritise Present and Emotion -oriented goals, aimed at mood regulation. This study has three aims. The first is to test the key tenets of SST within a single study; examining motivational shifts associated with FTP and ageing, within the framework of two bipolar dimensions (Present-Future and Knowledge-Emotion). The second aim is to develop and introduce the use of vignettes as a novel means to test SST assumptions. The final aim is to engage a culturally diverse sample in order to test the key assumptions and validity of SST across two cultures, Anglo British and Asian British. Method: Participants included 64 healthy older people, aged between 60 to 89 years. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were used to screen for cognitive impairment and depression. Participants aged 60-74 (n = 41) were allocated to the "young old" (Y/O) group and 75 years and above (n = 23) were assigned to the "old old" (O/O) group. Cultural differences were looked at between the Asian British (n - 30) and Anglo British (n = 34) participants. The eight goal-oriented vignettes, four Present-Future and four Emotion-Knowledge, were constructed and examined within a small pilot study, prior to their implementation within the main study. Perception of time left in life was assessed using Carstensen and Lang's (1996) Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS) and an estimation of time left (ETL). Results and Conclusion: The study found that the Y/O group exhibited a more expansive FTP and a significant bias for Future and Knowledge goal-oriented information within the vignettes. Conversely, O/O participants reported a more constrained FTP and favoured Present and Emotion goal-oriented information. These associations were evident in both cultural groups suggesting that the assumptions of SST are robust and valid across cultures. FTP was found to be significantly associated with the Present-Future and Knowledge- Emotion goal-oriented dimensions, even when the effect of age was controlled for. This supports SST's assumption that perception of time, rather than age is the key modulator for individual's goal orientation. Overall, SST assumptions were shown to be robust and valid across both cultural groups. Some differences did emerge between cultures, as age appeared to be less predictive of an individuals' FTP within Asian British relative to Anglo British group. Results also indicated that FTP may be a better predictor of the Knowledge to Emotion motivational shift within the Asian British, rather than the Anglo British sample. The strength and patterns of associations within the study suggests that the vignettes are a suitable methodological approach for testing SST assumptions.

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Lautzenhiser, Sara E. "AROUSAL OR RELEVANCE? APPLYING A DISCRETE EMOTION PERSPECTIVE TO AGING AND AFFECT REGULATION." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560587022336637.

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Tuft, Samantha E. "Examining effects of arousal and valence across the adult lifespan in an emotional Stroop task." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1525997542908059.

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Sullivan, Kathleen Margaret. "The Experience of Senior Housing for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Seniors: An Exploratory Study." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/146.

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By the year 2030, 20% of the U.S. population will be 65 years of age or older. An increase in the demand for supportive health and social services is expected with the aging of the population. Demand for senior housing is expected to grow, too. This study explores what the social environment offers to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) seniors who relocated to LGBT retirement communities. Previous research asked LGBT seniors who did not live in LGBT senior housing about their housing preferences. The present study, for the first time, asked residents of existing LGBT senior living communities to explain why they chose to live in an LGBT retirement community. Focus groups were conducted at three retirement communities. Thirty-eight residents at the three study sites participated. Seven focus groups were conducted; each was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis found common categories across the focus group data that explain the phenomenon of LGBT senior housing. The average age of the participants was 71. Demographic differences were found between generations, with the older participants being more likely to have revealed their sexual orientation late in life, and more likely to have been married and have children. The findings showed that acceptance by other residents of one's sexual orientation and gender identity allows LGBT seniors to feel comfortable in what several residents called their "domestic environment." The questions asked about housing choice and were open ended; respondents chose to focus on the social aspect of their living environments. Acceptance, as opposed to tolerance, was a strong theme. Acceptance by others reduced stress and fostered a feeling of safety and a sense of community. Social networks were strong and expansive, contrary to the theory of socioemotional selectivity theory, which would argue that the total number social relationships diminishes with age. Participants emphasized the social context of their living environment as the reason they chose to live in LGBT senior housing. Participants noted past discrimination, but it was the positive aspects resulting from acceptance that were emphasized as the reason for their choice of LGBT specific retirement housing.

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Gallagher, Kristel Marie. "Helping Older Adults Sustain their Gains: A Theory-Based Intervention to Promote Adherence to Home Exercise Following Physical Therapy." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1341193649.

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Ashworth, Rosalie Marie. "Experiences of early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease : perceptions of stigma and future outlook." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24380.

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Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is encouraged as a first step towards people planning for their future with the condition. Despite the proposed benefits of diagnosis, it is also widely recognised that Alzheimer’s disease can expose people to stigma. Therefore, this thesis explores the relationship between stigma and future outlook, from the perspective of people affected by early and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. In order to recognise the physicality of the condition and how psychological and social factors influence experiences, a biopsychosocial perspective is employed throughout. People with Alzheimer’s disease (n=15 people with late-onset, 7 people with early-onset) and their supporters (n=22) completed questionnaires about perceived stigma. This was followed by 14 interviews with a subsample of participants, which explored stigma and future outlook in more depth. Perceived stigma reporting across participants was low in the questionnaires; whereas interviews revealed higher levels of stigma with people discussing mixed, unpredictable reactions from a range of sources. Participants expressed awareness of the unpredictable nature of their futures with the condition. The subsequent lack of control was managed through focusing on ‘one day at a time’ and avoiding looking too far ahead. Across reflections on stigma and future outlook there was a deliberate focus on positive experiences for people affected by early and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The similar management of experiences across participants minimised possible age-based differences. These findings are supported by socioemotional selectivity theory, which suggests people are motivated to maintain positive emotional states when facing ‘time-limiting’ conditions irrespective of age. The research suggests people’s experiences of stigma and future outlook interact, with stigma-driven assumptions about the future affecting how people manage their daily lives. The avoidance of looking ahead suggests that policy which encourages future planning should consider its utility and explore ways of helping people to manage both exposure to stigma, and planning for the future, whilst focusing on daily living.

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Hasenzagl, Rupert, Isabella Hatak, and Hermann Frank. "Problematizing socioemotional wealth in family firms: a systems-theoretical reframing." Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1401123.

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The concept of socioemotional wealth (SEW) seeks to present an independent paradigmatic basis for family-firm research, and in doing so aims to establish a sound basis for the scientific legitimacy of family-firm research. Establishing that legitimacy requires scholars to demonstrate that SEW is based on coherent assumptions on several theoretical levels. This paper uses the problematization methodology to challenge the coherence of the theoretical assumptions underpinning SEW and to advance theory development. The results of this problematization show that SEW is built on a theoretical level close to the object of research (in-house assumptions), but that more deeply-rooted theoretical levels (e.g. paradigmatic assumptions) are not sufficiently elaborated. Moreover, the original conceptualization is based on a positivist-mechanistic view, which hinders SEW reflecting the complex reality of family firms. Based on the results of this problematization, new systems theory is applied to reframe SEW's theoretical grounding. Thereby the main contribution of the paper is a critical reflection on the theoretical underpinnings of SEW (in particular root-metaphor and paradigmatic assumptions), serving as the basis for advancing a coherent theoretical understanding of this important concept in family business research.

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Boggero, Ian Andres. "Maintenance of Positive Affect Following Pain in Younger and Older Adults." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/116.

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Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that as people age, they become motivated and successful at maximizing positive emotions and minimizing negative ones. Yet, 70% of older adults report physical pain, which is associated with negative affect. The strategies and resources that older adults use to maintain positive affect in the face of pain remain largely unknown. Specific positivity-enhancing strategies include recalling, recognizing, and responding to positive stimuli and prioritizing close over knowledgeable social partners. Executive functions (EF, i.e., task-switching, working memory, and inhibition) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be important resources for coping with pain. The current project used two studies to test whether older adults used positivityenhancing strategies and maintained emotional wellbeing following pain more than younger adults; associations with EF and HRV were also investigated. In Study 1, 50 older and 50 younger adults experienced a control and a pain condition, were given the chance to employ positivity-enhancing strategies, and provided EF and HRV data. Study 2 used longitudinal data from community-dwelling older adults (n =150) to test whether task-switching moderated the within-person relationship between pain and wellbeing. In Study 1, after the pain condition, younger adults demonstrated lesser preference toward knowledgeable social partners than older adults (γ = -0.15, p = .016). No other age group x pain condition x valence interactions were found. Older and younger adults did not differ in changes in positive or negative affect following pain. Task-switching and HRV were both associated with reduced preference for knowledgeable social partners following pain, but no other significant EF or HRV interactions were found. Study 2 failed to support the hypothesis that task-switching protected against pain-related declines in wellbeing. Future research on strategies that older adults use to maintain emotional wellbeing in the face of pain is needed.

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O'Connell, Gregory Raymond. "Detector cell hydrodynamics and electrode selectivity in flow-injection potentiometry." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290935.

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Ess, Daniel Halsell. "Quantum mechanical theory of reactivity and selectivity in organic and organometallic reactions." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456289591&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Mo, Chunhui Fraser Scott E. "Synaptic learning rules for local synaptic interactions : theory and application to direction selectivity /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05222003-170638.

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Gibby, William Alexander Thomas. "Statistical theory of selectivity and conductivity in narrow biological ion channels : studies of KcsA." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/124053/.

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Biological ion channels are essential for maintaining life, and appear as a seemingly paradoxical combination of both large conductivity and strong selection between ionic species. This process involves many complicated interactions, and their inclusion in a multi-species conduction model remains a fundamental theoretical challenge. In this thesis, we derive the theory of multi-species ionic conduction through narrow biological channels, taking into account ion-ion, ion-water and ion-channel interactions. The theories we derive lead to new results that describe multi-species conduction in and far from equilibrium in KcsA, including the resolution of the conductivity-selectivity paradox. The thesis builds on existing research on the physiological properties and structures of biological ion channels in deriving a first-principles, multi-species statistical and kinetic theory. The development of the statistical theory includes the derivation of the free energy, distribution and partition functions, as well as the statistical properties within the grand canonical ensemble. The conductivity of the channels is also derived using linear response theory and the generalised Einstein relation. The development of the kinetic theory involves the analysis of the transition rates, and the calculation of current and selectivity ratios. The kinetic model is then validated by comparing the theoretical currents with the currents measured experimentally for the Shaker and KcsA potassium channels in five different external data sets. The main results of this thesis are: a derivation of the grand canonical ensemble for narrow channels with multiple binding sites and mixed-species bulk solutions; a derivation of the linear response theory of multi-species conduction in such channels; development of non-equilibrium multi-species kinetic equations, that describe the conductivity; the validation of the kinetic theory through comparison with experimental data sets; and the joint application of these derived theories to the multi-species conduction of KcsA in and far from equilibrium, which demonstrates the resolution of the conductivity-selectivity paradox. These results should be applicable to other narrow voltage-gated ion channels, and can describe multi-species conduction of neutral particles through zeolites.

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Alotaibi, Mohammad. "SELECTIVE EXPOSURE THEORY IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA ERA: EXAMINING SELECTIVITY ON TWITTER AMONG STUDENTS AT KUWAIT UNIVERSITY." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1673.

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The aim of this dissertation is to examine selective exposure theory on Twitter among student users at Kuwait University, and to revisit selective exposure theory’s assumptions in the social media era. Two studies for this dissertation have been conducted among a total of 1391 participants to examine the selective exposure theory among student Twitter users. In both studies, the researcher conducted an online experiment by developing simulated Twitter interface pages and a simulated news app to study selective exposure theory among Kuwait University students. The first study aimed to examine whether the students at Kuwait University tend to be exposed to politicians in Kuwait’s parliament who share the same political ideologies. The second study aimed to examine to what extent student users selectively expose themselves to specific content on Twitter, or more specifically to their like-minded group, and what drives them to do so. Moreover, the effect of Twitter’s social endorsement features on users' news selection has been examined. Each study sample has been drawn from different classes of students at Kuwait University. This study also looked at the role of incidental exposure as a means of encouraging cross-ideological exposure. One noticeable trend in the two experiments conducted for this dissertation is that partisan selective exposure was clear among students participating in both studies, but at different levels. Also, data showed that there was no clear role for the social endorsements on Twitter among students in this experiment to reduce selectivity. Moreover, a person's political leaning is more likely to surpass the impact of the social endorsements when users are browsing Twitter on a daily basis. Results showed that students in the second study read tweets from accounts they did not follow in real life and they asserted that they experienced that on a high basis. Implications of these two online experiment studies are discussed.

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Polite, Tiffany Nicholl. "The Exercise and Maintenance of Power in Organizational Fields: Institutional Selectivity and Persistent Inequality in Higher Education." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531936651388741.

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Mahmood, Ayyaz. "Computational Investigations of Reactivity and Selectivity of Methylation of Nitronates [R1R2CNO2]–." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16946.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-20T12:56:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Ayyaz-Mahmood.pdf: 9023674 bytes, checksum: beecc131e286e19ce6d03dec91f319d8 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T12:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Ayyaz-Mahmood.pdf: 9023674 bytes, checksum: beecc131e286e19ce6d03dec91f319d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27
Realizamos estudos do mecanismo, da seletividade e regiosseletividade da metilação de nitronatos [R1R2CNO2]− com CH3I, em que R1 = R2 = H (1), R1 = CH3 e R2 = H (2), R1 = R2 = CH3 (3); e R1 + R2 = c-(CH2)2 (4), usando método quântico ab initio MP2/CBS método e as teorias ADO e RRKM e simulações numéricas. As estruturas de todos os pontos estacionário no perfil da reação, incluindo os estados de transição, foram obtidas com sucesso e forneceram as energias de ativação (Δ‡) e de reacção (Δr) para todos os caminhos reacionais. Estas reações iniciam com a formação de complexo de reagente do tipo íon-molécula (RC@C ou RC@O) que se converte no respectivo complexo de produto (PC@C e PC@O), através do estado de transição (TS@C e TS@O) correspondente. As constantes de velocidade para a conversão do RC ao PC foram calculadas com a teoria RRKM. Ao contrário da proposta da literatura para o mecanismo de reação, a C-metilação é a via termodinâmica e cinética preferencial, com as seguintes seletividades: PC@C:PC@O = 89:11 (1), 97:03 (2-E), 97:03 (2-Z), 100:0 (3) e 100:0 (4). Isto é corroborado pela concordância qualitativa e quantitativa entre a ordem da reatividade calculada e experimental: 4 >> 3 > 2 > 1. A regiosseletividade para a C-alquilação é explicada pela maior exotermicidade desse canal de reação em comparação com a O-alquilação. O aumento da reatividade com o aumento do impedimento estérico ao redor do carbono central é explicado pelas diferenças de carácter sp3 deste átomo e pela diminuição da frequência vibracional associada à piramidalização ao redor deste átomo de carbono. Uma avaliação de funcionais híbridos- e duplo-híbrido DFT e do método MP2 para estas reações foi realizada a fim de verificar a confiabilidade e precisão destes métodos e sua utilização em modelagens similares. Os métodos mais precisos e robustos, que apresentam menor demanda computacional, foram M06- 2X and MP2 com as funções de base aug-cc-pVTZ-PP. A fim de revelar os efeitos solvente e do agente alquilante, a metilação do nitronato [MeCHNO2]− (2) com Me3O+ (oxônio) foi estudada em fase gás e em solução com o método B2PLYP/6-311+G(d,p). Os resultados mostraram regiosseletividade para a O-metilação em fase gás e principalmente em solução (diclorometano), o que concorda com os dados experimentais. Além disso, eles mostram que a regiosseletividade é fortemente dependente do agente alquilante (MeI vs. Me3O+). Este mesmo método foi utilizado para as reações [XC6H4CHNO2]− + MeCl (X = H, p-MeO, p-NO2) em fase gás e em solução (DMF). Os resultados em solução mostram uma pequena seletividade favorável à O-metilação, contudo, considerando que o agente metilante usado experimentalmente era o metil-p-bromobenzenossulfonato (MeOBS), o qual é muito mais reativo que o MeCl, é esperado que a utilização do MeOBS nas modelagens moleculares deva aumentar esta regiosseletividade para a O-metilação.
We performed a mechanistic, selectivity and regioselectivity study of methylation of nitronates [R1R2CNO2]− by CH3I in the gas-phase, where R1 = R2 = H (1), R1 = CH3 and R2 = H (2), R1 = R2 = CH3 (3); and R1 + R2 = c-(CH2)2 (4), using ab initio MP2/CBS method, ADO and RRKM theories and kinetics simulations. The structures of all stationary points, including transition states, were successfully obtained to provide energies of activation (Δ‡) and of reaction (Δr) for all reaction pathways. These reactions proceed with the formation of ion-neutral reactant complex (RC@C or RC@O) that is converted into the respective product complex (PC@C and PC@O) through the corresponding transition state (TS@C and TS@O). The rate constants for the conversion of RCs into PCs were calculated with the RRKM theory. Contrary to a previous proposal for the reaction mechanism, the C-methylation is the thermodynamics and kinetics preferred pathway with the following PC@C:PC@O selectivites 89:11 (1), 97:03 (2-E), 97:03 (2- Z), 100:0 (3), and 100:0 (4). This is corroborated by the agreement between the calculated and experimental reactivity trend 4 >> 3 > 2 > 1. The regioselectivity towards the C-alkylation is explained by the much larger exothermicity of this reaction channel compared to the Oalkylation. The increase of reactivity upon the increase of crowdedness of the central carbon atom is explained by differences of sp3 character at this atom and the decrease of the vibrational frequency associated with pyramidalization around this carbon atom. An assessment of hybrid- DFT functionals and MP2 method for these reactions was performed in order to ascertain the reliability of these methods for similar molecular modeling. The most accurate and robust methods, with the least computational demand, were M06-2X and MP2 with aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis sets. In order to reveal the solvent and alkylating agent effects, the methylation reaction [MeCHNO2]− (2) + Me3O+ (oxonium) was studied in the gas-phase and in solution with B2PLYP/6-311+G(d,p) calculations. The results show regioselectivity towards O-methylation in the gas-phase and more significantly in solution (dichloromethane), which is in agreement with the experimental observation. In addition, it shows that the regioselectivity is highly dependent upon the reactivity of the alkylating agent (MeI vs. Me3O+). This same method was employed for the [XC6H4CHNO2]− + MeCl (X = H, p-MeO, p-NO2) reactions in the gas-phase and in solution (DMF). The results in solution show a slight regioselectivity towards O-methylation; however, considering that the methylating reagent used in the experiments was methyl pbromobenzenesulfonate (MeOBS), which is much more reactive than MeCl, it should thus be expected an increase of the calculated selectivity.

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Choi, Edward Woong Shik. "Family-Owned or -Managed Higher Education Institutions: A Special Kind of Governance." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108708.

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Thesis advisor: Hans de Wit
The family ownership context has been investigated across many business settings, within the manufacturing, trade, and services industries. The consensus among scholars has been that families that own and operate firms act in self-serving ways and frame organizational problems and make decisions with the primary goal of satisfying the family’s affective needs, i.e., preserve or augment what is referred to as socioemotional wealth. However, the theoretical reasoning of socioemotional wealth theory may fall apart in traditional university settings, where self-serving behaviors may lead to (pronounced) agency conflict. Universities have been long understood for their politicized governance environs in which multiple stakeholder groups have representation in decision-making. Within this reality, families involved in higher education management may be challenged to act self-servingly and protect or enhance certain socioemotional wealth. They may need to act in altruistic ways to avoid agency conflict. I investigate whether this is the case through a single, critical case study approach conducted at one family-owned or -managed university in India. I rely on what Yin (2003) refers to as “rival explanation as patterns” to test socioemotional theory relative to a rival theoretical framework. I ask the important question of whether this rival theory can address the limitations of socioemotional wealth theory when applied to the higher education context. As expected, findings generally suggest that where socioemotional wealth theory fails to capture family decision-making behaviors, the rival theory is relevant. This finding is important to consider and has several implications to theory, practice, and future research. Importantly, the findings support that current family-owned business theorizing is not enough to capture family decision-making behaviors in the context of traditional university settings
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education

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Al, Ghannam Abdulaziz G. "IDEOLOGY IN MEDIA TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF MEMRI's TRANSLATIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1573219601907084.

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Rao, Balappa Shrisha. "Fine structure in cortical connectivity : effects on network dynamics and function Dynamics and orientation selectivity in a cortical model of rodent V1 with excess bidirectional connections Theory of orientation selectivity in random binary networks." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2401&f=17357.

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Pas de résumé
The local cortical network connectivity significantly deviates from a random network, giving rise to fine structure at the neuron-to-neuron level. In this study, we have investigated the effects of these fine structures on network dynamics and function. We have investigated two types of fine structure, namely, excess bidirectionality and feature specific connectivity. The study of the effects of excess bidirectionality was conducted in a conductance-based model of layer 2/3 in rodent V1. Through large scale numerical simulations, we showed that excess bidirectional connections in the inhibitory population leads to slower dynamics. Remarkably, we found that bidirectional connections between inhibitory cells are more efficacious in slowing down the dynamics than those between the excitatory cells. Additionally, bidirectional connections between inhibitory cells increases the trial-to-trial variability, while between the excitatory and inhibitory populations it reduces the variability leading to improved coding efficiency. Our results suggest that the strong reciprocal connections between excitatory and PV+ cells that have been experimentally reported can improve coding efficiency by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. The second part of this work involved an analytical study of a model of layer 2/3 rodent V1 with binary neurons. In our study, we assumed that neurons in layer 4 were selective to stimuli orientation. Our results account for the changes in tuning properties observed during the critical period in mouse V1. Prior to the critical period, the connectivity between pyramidal neurons in the mouse V1 is non-specific. Following previous studies of spiking networks, we analytically demonstrated that with such connectivity, layer 2/3 neurons in our model develop orientation selectivity. A small fraction of strong feature specific connections between pyramidal cells have been reported in the mouse V1 after the critical period. We showed that, in spite of their small number, such connections can substantially impact the tuning of layer 2/3 cells to orientation: excitatory neurons become more selective and through non-specific global changes in their synaptic strengths, the inhibitory cells become more broadly tuned

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Johansson, Oskar, and Johan Ljungberg. "How auditors and family firms co-create value." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48636.

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Background: The relationship between family firms and auditors is not a topic that is very well examined. This is also a relationship that is extraordinary because they have different aims with the relationship. Since the family firms seek for long and close relationships while the auditor needs to maintain their independence. There have also been several scandals in the past between family firms and their auditor where the relationship has become to close. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the auditor’s role in family firms, how value is co-created and what value that is co-created when they interact with each other. Method: To answer the research question the data in this study is collected through semi- structured interviews. The interviews were performed and inspired by previous studies which we developed a framework on to have as a guideline during the interviews. The participants in the study were three family firms and their respective auditor and the participants were located in the same geographical area. Findings: In this study, we have focused on how and what value family firms and auditors co- create when they interact with each other. The study suggests important aspects of the family firm and auditor relation to facilitating the value co-creation process. The aspects that were revealed as important were the relationship, communication, collaborative, trust, and experience from the auditor. The study also investigated which values family firms and auditors co-create, these were smarter planning, increase of effectiveness, exchange of knowledge, expanded networks, and value for society.

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Dutta, Debosruti. "Insights into the Epitaxial Relationships between One-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Metal Catalyst Surfaces Using Density Functional Theory Calculations." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5213.

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This dissertation involves the study of epitaxial behavior of one-dimensional nanomaterials like single-walled carbon nanotubes and Indium Arsenide nanowires grown on metallic catalyst surfaces. It has been previously observed in our novel microplasma based CVD growth of SWCNTs on Ni-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles that changes in the metal catalyst composition was accompanied by variations in the average metal-metal bond lengths of the nanoparticle and that in turn, affected nanotube chirality distributions. In this dissertation, we have developed a very simplistic model of the metal catalyst in order to explain the nanotube growth of specific nanotube chiralities on various Ni-Fe catalyst surfaces. The metal catalyst model is a two-dimensional flat surface with varying metal-metal bond lengths and comprising of constituent metal atoms. The effect of the composition change was modeled as a change in the bond length of the model catalyst surface and density functional theory based calculations were used to study specific nanotube caps. Our results indicated that nanotube caps like (8,4) and (6,5) show enhanced binding with increased metal-metal bond lengths in the nanoparticle in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. Later, we used this epitaxial nucleation model and combined with a previously proposed chirality-dependent growth rate model to explore better catalysts that will preferentially grow an enhanced chirality distribution of metallic nanotubes. From our DFT calculations and other geometrical considerations for nanotube growth, we demonstrated that the pure Ni0.5Cu0.5 metal nanoparticles and its lattice-strained surfaces can serve as a promising catalyst for enhanced growth of metallic nanotubes. Finally, we extended this model of epitaxial growth to study the growth of,andoriented nanowires on gold metal nanoparticles where a faster growth rate ofnanowires was previously observed in experiments on shaped nanoparticles than that on spherical nanoparticles. The DFT calculations indicated an enhanced growth selectivity of theoriented nanowires on the Au(111) surfaces. However, the DFT results also show that theandNWs will preferentially grow on the Au(100) surface than on the Au(100) surface. The epitaxial model based DFT calculations of nanotube and nanowire growth on metal catalyst surfaces presented in this dissertation, provide a deep insight into their epitaxial growth mechansims and, can be easily exploited to layout better design principles of synthesizing catalysts that helps in growing these one-dimensional nanomaterials with desired material properties.

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Buonocore, Alfredo, and Sumeera Bano Iqbal. "Nature of relationships between stakeholders and family business : Empirical evidence from small hospitality business in Italy." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18365.

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Background: This paper focuses on nature and role of relationships in small hospitality firm in the Southern Italian context. Based on previous literature relationships in small firms are highly related to trust, common understanding and mutual benefits. Purpose: Aim of the paper is to explore how the role and nature of external stakeholders’ relationships creates perceived value with small family business by the theoretical framework developed by the authors. Methodology: To answer the research question an empirical research was conducted and data was collected through semi-structured interviews using guidelines inspired by previous studiesThrough a content analysis of data collected and reports from the local government. Participants in the sample consisted of native Italians, living in the Metropolitan city of Naples. Participants were grouped in five categories along with the family firm itself, external stakeholder groups as business partners, competitors, residents and local government representative members. Total of 14 interviews were conducted. The Data was coded using the software Nvivo. Results: The study suggest that relationships in the specific context of Hospitality in Southern Italy is based on personal level and have trust, respect and understanding as the fundamentals. The result also revealed that small family run B&B prefers family over non-family members. Tension and conflicts are then solved through understanding and trust. Conclusion: In brief this research contributes to the family businesses and stakeholder literature in the specific context of Italian hospitality industry. The theoretical framework has been updated by the emerging findings from the qualitative analysis.

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Keynonen, Olga. "Evaluation of the impact of ownership structure on Environmental and Social performance : Evidence from Swedish companies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75093.

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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is widely discussed in the business community in terms of its effectiveness. However, studies of factors that can affect CSR are not so many. The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the impact of ownership structure on Environmental and Social performance. This study was conducted on the example of 174 cases among Swedish companies, listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, Environmental and Social performance, which was represented by the largest information provider Thomson Reuters. Using the experience of previous studies, a model of relationship between ownership structure and Environmental and Social performance was founded and a multiple regression analysis was performed. The most significant result of the study, confirmed by previous empirical studies and theoretical literature, is the existence of a relationship between capital structure and CSR performance. Foreign investors, who came to the Swedish market, have a stable positive connection with performance. This form of ownership, like majority control, did not find sufficient evidence to the impact on Environmental and Social performance in this study. The Minority control and Joint Minority and Management control showed no influence on performance in Swedish companies.

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Anderson, Roger D. "Perspectives on select U.S. black migrations and a case study of black migration to South Florida, 1995-2000 a test of migrant selectivity theory and the role of nativity /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Roycroft, Madelyn V. "Foraging Ecology of Parrotfishes in the Greater Caribbean: Impacts of Specialization and Dietary Preferences on Marine Benthic Communities." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1945.

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Coral reefs are one of the world’s most diverse yet heavily impacted marine ecosystems. As a result of many direct and indirect stressors, coral reefs have experienced major degradation over the last several decades. Declines in coral reefs in the Caribbean have been particularly acute and generally associated with the loss of key herbivores and an increase in algae. Herbivorous fishes such as parrotfishes can positively impact coral reefs by removing algae that compete with corals for light and space. However, many parrotfishes are also important coral predators. Predation on corals, known as corallivory, can adversely affect coral growth, reproduction and survivorship. In this time of changing environments and coral reef decline, understanding the context-dependent nature of parrotfish foraging behavior is of critical importance to scientists and managers. Knowledge of the responses of parrotfishes across a range of resource abundance will help scientists and managers better predict the impacts that these herbivores have on benthic communities as both herbivores and corallivores. In Chapter 1, we examined how six different species of coral reef herbivores (i.e. parrotfishes), all of which belong to a single feeding guild but represent a range of dietary specialization, respond to changes in the abundance of preferred food items. We conducted behavioral observations of parrotfishes in two regions of the Greater Caribbean, and compared consumption rates, diet preferences, and foraging territory size in relation to natural variation across sites in preferred resource abundance. We found that the more-specialized parrotfishes increased their dietary specialization, had smaller foraging territories, and increased their feeding rate with increased preferred resource abundance. In contrast, less-specialized species exhibited constant foraging traits regardless of the abundance of their preferred resources. This study suggests that differences in dietary preference, specialization, and subsequent nutritional demand may drive a differential response in foraging behavior by generalists and specialist herbivores to changes in resource abundance. Recognizing that generalists and specialists differ in the degree to which their foraging behaviors are context-dependent can allow researchers to better predict how herbivores shape the structure and function of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In Chapter 2, we determined if and how corallivory rates and intensity by parrotfishes differ between two regions of the Greater Caribbean that vary in coral and parrotfish community composition and abundance. We found that more species of parrotfishes than previous studies suggest contribute to corallivory. However, corallivory rates and selectivity for coral species by parrotfishes were largely context-dependent, particularly with regards to the relative abundance of preferred corals and diversity of corallivores at a given site. Although we found that corallivory rates decrease with coral cover, it appears that areas of low coral cover may have high corallivory intensity and coral tissue loss, in part due to the relatively high abundance of corallivores in these areas. The impact of high corallivory intensity and tissue loss requires further knowledge regarding the fate of bite scars on corals.This information will help predict the positive and negative consequences of parrotfishes on coral persistence in the Caribbean. Evidence provided in this thesis furthers our understanding of the dual role of parrotfishes as herbivores and corallivores. Additionally, it reveals the implications of changing coral reef habitats on parrotfish behavior and subsequent coral reef health and resilience.

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Hammarström, Linnér Marie, and Madeleine Martinsson. "Socioemotionellt Välstånd i Skogsägandet : Värden och beslutsfattande i skogsbruket." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96144.

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Bakgrund: De enskilda privata skogsägarna är en heterogen grupp som har genomgått en förändring under de senaste åren. Olika karaktärsdrag och olika förhållanden till skogen leder till olika värden med ägandet. Studien undersöker skogsägarnas incitament och beslutsfattande genom att studera skogsägarnas socioemotionella värden med hjälp av SEW-teorin. Syfte: Studien förklarar (1) vilka förutsättningar hos skogsägare som leder till socioemotionellt välstånd och (2) hur det socioemotionella välståndet påverkar beslutsfattande. Metod: Studien baseras på en kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign för att undersöka studiens syfte. Hypoteserna har utvecklats utifrån SEW-teorin och forskning kring skogsägande. För att testa hypoteserna har en enkätundersökning genomförts i samarbete med Södra Skogsägarna. Slutsats: Studien bevisar att SEW-teorin är en applicerbar teori på skogsägare. Det visar att det socioemotionella välståndet påverkar skogsägarnas incitament och beslutsfattande. Studiens resultat visar även att deras socioemotionella och ekonomiska värden ökar tillsammans. Studien finner vissa indikatorer på faktorer som genererar SEW samt finner flera effekter av SEW på skogsverksamheten.
Background: The private forest owners are a heterogeneous group that has undergone a change under the past years. They have different characteristics and different relationships to their forest, that leads to their values with their ownership. The study examines the incentives and decision-making process through socioemotional values of forest owners using the SEW-theory. Purpose: The study explains (1) the conditions of forest owners that lead to socioemotional wealth and (2) how socioemotional wealth affects decision making. Method: The study is based on a quantitative cross-sectional design to investigate the purpose of the study. The hypotheses have been developed based on SEW-theory and research on forest ownership, a survey was conducted in collaboration with Södra Skogsägarna. Conclusions: The study proves that SEW-theory is an applicable theory for forest owners. It shows that socioemotional wealth affects the incentive and decision making of forest owners. The results of the study also shows that their socioemotional and economic values increases together. The study find some indication of factors generating SEW and some initial evidence of effects on the forestry orchestrated by SEW.

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Beyvers, Stephanie. "Selective excitation of adsorbate vibrations on dissipative surfaces." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2551/.

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The selective infrared (IR) excitation of molecular vibrations is a powerful tool to control the photoreactivity prior to electronic excitation in the ultraviolet / visible (UV/Vis) light regime ("vibrationally mediated chemistry"). For adsorbates on surfaces it has been theoretically predicted that IR preexcitation will lead to higher UV/Vis photodesorption yields and larger cross sections for other photoreactions. In a recent experiment, IR-mediated desorption of molecular hydrogen from a Si(111) surface on which atomic hydrogen and deuterium were co-adsorbed was achieved, following a vibrational mechanism as indicated by the isotope-selectivity. In the present work, selective vibrational IR excitation of adsorbate molecules, treated as multi-dimensional oscillators on dissipative surfaces, has been simulated within the framework of open-system density matrix theory. Not only potential-mediated, inter-mode coupling poses an obstacle to selective excitation but also the coupling of the adsorbate ("system") modes to the electronic and phononic degrees of freedom of the surface ("bath") does. Vibrational relaxation thereby takes place, depending on the availabilty of energetically fitting electron-hole (e/h) pairs and/or phonons (lattice vibrations) in the surface, on time-scales ranging from milliseconds to several hundreds of femtoseconds. On metal surfaces, where the relaxation process of the adsorbate via the e/h pair mechanism dominates, vibrational lifetimes are usually shorter than on insulator or semiconductor surfaces, in the range of picoseconds, being also the timescale of the IR pulses used here. Further inhibiting factors for selectivity can be the harmonicity of a mode and weak dipole activities ("dark modes") rendering vibrational excitation with moderate field intensities difficult. In addition to simple analytical pulses, optimal control theory (OCT) has been employed here to generate a suitable electric field to populate the target state/mode maximally. The complex OCT fields were analyzed by Husimi transformation, resolving the control field in time and energy. The adsorbate/surface systems investigated were CO/Cu(100), H/Si(100) and 2H/Ru(0001). These systems proved to be suitable models to study the above mentioned effects. Further, effects of temperature, pure dephasing (elastic scattering processes), pulse duration and dimensionality (up to four degrees of freedom) were studied. It was possible to selectively excite single vibrational modes, often even state-selective. Special processes like hot-band excitation, vibrationally mediated desorption and the excitation of "dark modes" were simulated. Finally, a novel OCT algorithm in density matrix representation has been developed which allows for time-dependent target operators and thus enables to control the excitation mechanism instead of only the final state. The algorithm is based on a combination of global (iterative) and local (non-iterative) OCT schemes, such that short, globally controlled time-intervals are coupled locally in time. Its numerical performance and accuracy were tested and verified and it was successfully applied to stabilize a two-state linear-combination and to enforce a successive "ladder climbing" in a rather harmonic system, where monochromatic, analytical pulses simultaneously excited several states, leading to a population loss in the target state.
Die selektive Anregung von Molekülschwingungen mittels Infrarotlicht (IR) ist vorteilhaft, um die Wirkungsquerschnitte nachfolgender photochemischer oder photophysikalischer Prozesse zu steigern, welche durch Elektronenanregung mittels ultraviolettem (UV) bzw. sichtbarem (Vis) Licht ausgelöst werden. Für Adsorbatmoleküle auf Oberflächen wurden theoretische Vorhersagen getroffen, dass eine kombinierte (IR plus UV)-Strategie ("schwingungsvermittelte Chemie") die Ausbeute bei Photodesorption und anderen Photoreaktionen deutlich zu erhöhen vermag. Kürzlich wurde im Experiment gezeigt, dass eine rein IR-vermittelte Desorption möglich ist, welche über einen schwingungsangeregten Mechanismus erfolgt. Hierbei wurde molekularer Wasserstoff von einer Si(111)-Oberfläche desorbiert, an der atomarer Wasserstoff und atomares Deuterium gebunden waren. Eine thermische Anregung, die zum Bindungsbruch führt, konnte hierbei wegen der Isotopenselektivität ausgeschlossen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die selektive IR-Schwingungsanregung von Adsorbaten, die als multidimensionale Oszillatoren auf dissipativen Oberflächen behandelt wurden, mit Hilfe der Dichtematrixtheorie für offene Systeme simuliert. Nicht nur die potentialvermittelte Kopplung zwischen den einzelnen Moden ist ein Hindernis für selektive Anregung, sondern auch die Kopplung der Moden des Adsorbats ("Systems") an elektronische und phononische Freiheitsgrade des Substrats ("Bades"). Die Schwingungsrelaxation verläuft hierbei auf Zeitskalen, die von Millisekunden bis hin zu wenigen hundert Femtosekunden reichen, je nach Verfügbarkeit energetisch geeigneter Elektron-Loch-Paar-Anregungen bzw. Phononen (Gitterschwingungen) in der Oberfläche. Auf Metalloberflächen, bei denen die Schwingungrelaxation des Adsorbats zumeist von einem Elektronen-Loch-Paar-Mechanismus dominiert wird, sind die Schwingungslebensdauern normalerweise kürzer als auf Isolator- oder Halbleiteroberflächen und betragen einige Picosekunden, ebenso wie die Zeitskala der hier gewählten IR-Pulse. Weitere Faktoren, die die selektive Anregung behindern können sind die Harmonizität einer Mode und die geringe Dipolaktivität sogenannter "dunkler Moden", die eine Anregung mit moderat intensiven Feldern erschweren. Zusätzlich zu einfachen analytischen Pulsen wurden Felder mittels Optimaler Kontrolltheorie (OCT) erzeugt, um eine(n) Zielzustand/-mode maximal zu populieren. Komplexe OCT Pulse wurden mit Hilfe der Husimi-Transformation analysiert, welche das Kontrollfeld im Zeit- und Energieraum aufzulösen vermag. Die in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Adsorbat/Oberflächen-Systeme waren CO/Cu(100), H/Si(100) und 2H/Ru(0001), die sich als passende Modelle erwiesen, um oben genannte Faktoren zu untersuchen. Desweiteren wurden die Auswirkungen von Temperatur, reiner Dephasierung (elastische Streuprozesse), Dauer des IR-Pulses und Systemdimensionalit"at (Behandlung von bis zu vier Freiheitsgraden) studiert. Einzelne Schwingungsmoden konnten angeregt werden, in vielen Fällen sogar zustandsselektiv. Spezielle Prozesse wie die Anregung "heißer Banden", Desorption via alleiniger Schwingungsanregung und die Anregung "dunkler Moden" wurden simuliert. Schließlich wurde ein neuer OCT-Algorithmus in Dichtematrixdarstellung entwickelt, der es erlaubt, zeitabhängige Zieloperatoren einzuführen, um nicht nur Kontrolle über den Endzustand einer Anregung, sondern auch über den Anregungsmechanismus zu erlangen. Der Algorithmus basiert auf einer Kombination von globaler (iterativer) und lokaler (nicht-iterativer) optimaler Kontrollschemata in der Art, dass kurze, global kontrollierte Intervalle zeitlich lokal miteinander gekoppelt werden. Nach numerischen Tests wurde der Algorithmus erfolgreich angewandt, um eine Linearkombination aus zwei Zuständen zu stabilisieren, sowie um eine schrittweise "Leiteranregung" in einem harmonischen System zu forcieren, bei dem monochromatische, analytische Pulse mehrere Zustände zugleich anregen und somit einen Populationsverlust im angestrebten Zielzustand zur Folge haben.

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Skira, Aaron Michael. "Consequences of Postsecondary Education Institution Policies and Practices: A Structural Model of Tuition Costs, Student Financial Aid, Selectivity, Proximity, and Enrolled Undergraduate Students’ Aggregate Capital." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1545390925706985.

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Kenalemang, Lame Maatla. "A Greying Society : How does Facebook communication facilitate successful ageing of older adults living in the rural municipality of Hagfors?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62565.

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Older adults are increasingly using social networking sites such as Facebook to maintain social relationships. A growing body of literature indicates that frequent communication with family members and close friends influences successful ageing. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to establish the nature of the relationship between the impact of Facebook communication and successful ageing on older adults living in the rural municipality of Hagfors. This study defines an older adult as a person aged 55 years and above. Self-reported life-satisfaction, social engagement and social trust are used as indicators of successful ageing. Predictions about Facebook communication and successful ageing are tested by theories of socio-emotional selectivity and social capital. This is based on 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with older adults living in the municipality of Hagfors. The results indicate that having small social connections and frequently exchanging privately composed communication with family members and close friends promotes successful ageing. Facebook is found to be a potential source of social capital.

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Sharma, Rekha. "A Uses and Gratifications Perspective of the Relationships among Consumption of Government-Conspiracy-Theory-Oriented Media Fare, Trust in Government, and Political Participation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1498817676945074.

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34

Springfeldt, Maria, and Carolina Thunström. "Selektivitet och snedvridningar av grafer i årsredovisningar : Med fokus på finansiella nyckelvariabler." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21660.

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Syfte: Företagsledningen har stor möjlighet att påverka innehållet i årsredovisningen eftersom delar av den saknar regleringar. Detta gör att det finns en problematik om årsredovisningen ger en trovärdig bild av företaget. Enligt tidigare forskning används grafer i årsredovisningar för att påverka läsarens uppfattning om företaget och det har visat sig att företagen snedvrider graferna för att grafen ska se bättre ut. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att undersöka användningen av grafer för finansiella nyckelvariabler i årsredovisningar och snedvridningar av dessa variabler för medelstora företag. Metod: Studien har ett positivistiskt och objektivt synsätt och en deduktiv ansats. Utifrån den teoretiska referensramen formulerades hypoteser som sedan testades mot det empiriska materialet. Det empiriska materialet bestod av grafer från årsredovisningar och detta samlades in genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Studien har en longitudinell design där vi studerade 39 medelstora företag listade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm under två olika år, vilket resulterade i att 78 årsredovisningar studerades. Det empiriska materialet testades genom statistiska tester för att kunna undersöka hypotesernas acceptans. Resultat & slutsats: Studien har visat att medelstora företag har en hög grafanvändning i årsredovisningar och att de använder sig av grafer för finansiella nyckelvariabler konsekvent över tid. Företagen tenderar att visa positiva trender för finansiella nyckelvariabler men studien har även visat att mer än hälften av dessa variabler presenteras felaktigt genom snedvridningar. Denna studie har visat på en högre andel snedvridna finansiella nyckelvariabler jämfört med tidigare forskning som har undersökt stora företag. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Eftersom denna studie har visat att det finns snedvridningar i grafer för finansiella nyckelvariabler för medelstora företag listade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm vore det intressant med ytterligare studier inom området för små och stora företag. Detta för att undersöka om små respektive stora företag skiljer sig från medelstora företag gällande snedvridningar för finansiella nyckelvariabler. Vidare vore det även intressant att undersöka snedvridningar för samtliga grafer i årsredovisningar. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar till att öka förståelsen för hur medelstora företag använder grafer för finansiella nyckelvariabler i sina årsredovisningar. Den bidrar även till nya kunskapsområden eftersom inga tidigare studier har undersökt varken svenska eller medelstora företag. Studien visar att grafer för finansiella nyckelvariabler tenderar att visas på ett felaktigt sätt för att ge en bättre bild av företaget. Denna studie ökar därför medvetenheten hos läsare av årsredovisningar att grafer inte alltid presenteras på ett tillförlitligt sätt.
Aim: The management has a great opportunity to influence the content of annual reports as there are elements that do not adhere to regulations. Hence there is a concern whether the annual report is a reliable representation of a company. According to previous research, graphs are used in annual reports with the purpose of influencing the reader’s perception about the company. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that some companies distort the graphs with the purpose of improving their appearance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the use of graphical representations of key financial variables in annual reports, and the distortion of these variables in mid size companies. Method: The study has a positivist and objective approach with a deductive undertaking. Hypotheses has been formulated based on the theoretical framework, they have thereafter been tested against the empirical findings. The empirical material consisted of various graphs from annual reports which were collected through a quantitative content analysis. The study has a longitudinal design in which we have studied 39 mid size companies during two different years, in total 78 annual reports have been studied. The empirical material has been analyzed through statistical tests with the purpose of investigating the acceptance of the hypotheses. Result & conclusions: The study has shown that mid size companies has an elevated usage of graphs in annual reports, and that they use graphical representations of key financial variables consistently over time. The companies tend to show positive trends for key financial variables, however the study has shown that a majority of these variables are erroneously represented due to distortions. The study has demonstrated a higher share of distorted key financial variables compared to earlier research which has been focused on large companies. Suggestions for future research: As this study has demonstrated the existence of distortions in graphical representations of key financial variables in mid size companies, it would be interesting to conduct further studies in the area of Swedish small and large size companies. Hence investigating if small and large size companies are any different compared to mid size companies regarding distortions of key financial variables. Furthermore it would be interesting to investigate distortions of all graphical representations in annual reports. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to an increased understanding of how mid size companies use key financial variables in their annual reports. It also contributes to new knowledge areas as no previous studies has investigated Swedish nor mid size companies. The study shows that graphical representations of key financial variables tend to be exposed erroneously in order to improve the image of the company. Thus, this study increases the awareness of the reader’s of annual reports and alerts them that graphs are not always presented in a reliable way.

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Rossall, Anna. "Välja strider i förskolan : En kvalitativ studie om demokratisk fostran och Alla Barn i Centrum." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66333.

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The purpose of my study is to investigate how working with ABC (All Children at the Centre) can be interpreted based on a democratic education in preschool. ABC is a socioemotional course provided by an external agency which is subsequently available to teachers and parents within certain councils, throughout the country. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with four teachers I have explored how they describe their work on choosing battles - based on ABC methodology. This has subsequently been analyzed in the results section based on my interpretation of Gert Biestas (2006, 2011) theories of democracy. Results indicate that routine situations emerge as restrictive and can hamper children's potential actions. However, through the ABC methodology - choose battles, teachers claim to see a decrease in conflicts, due to an approach characterized by an awareness of the restrictive conditions the children face. My conclusion from the interviews is that the ABC-choosing battles methodology appears to contribute to a democratic education in preschool, however it seems in the interviews that it could also lead to an over-generalized perspective where children's actions are seen only as a strategy for attention. This could subsequently lead to a situation where an appreciation of Biestas definition of plurality is sorely lacking.
Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur arbetet med ABC (Alla Barn i Centrum) kan förstås utifrån en demokratisk fostran i förskolan. ABC är ett socioemotionellt program från en extern agent, som vissa kommuner erbjuder till pedagoger och föräldrar runtom i landet. Genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra pedagoger har jag undersökt hur de beskriver sitt arbete med att välja strider - utifrån ABC. Beskrivningarna har sedan analyserats i resultatdelen utifrån min tolkning av Gert Biestas (2006, 2011) teorier om demokrati. Resultatet visar att rutinsituationer framkommer som begränsande för barns möjlighet till handlande. Men genom ABC - välja strider anser pedagogerna att konflikter minskar, genom att pedagogerna reflekterar över vilka motstånd barnen möts av, och hur. Min slutsats utifrån ABC-pedagogernas beskrivningar är att det tycks vara möjligt att ABC - välja strider kan bidra till en demokratisk fostran i förskolan. Men det kan samtidigt finnas en risk att en syn där barns handlande förstås som endast en strategi för att få uppmärksamhet, kan leda till en stor generalisering. Det kan i sin tur medföra att det Biesta ser som pluralitet inte värdesätts tillräckligt mycket.

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Karlsson, Rasmus. "Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Electrode and Electrolyte Processes in Industrial Electrosynthesis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177025.

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Heterogeneous electrocatalysis is the usage of solid materials to decrease the amount of energy needed to produce chemicals using electricity. It is of core importance for modern life, as it enables production of chemicals, such as chlorine gas and sodium chlorate, needed for e.g. materials and pharmaceuticals production. Furthermore, as the need to make a transition to usage of renewable energy sources is growing, the importance for electrocatalysis used for electrolytic production of clean fuels, such as hydrogen, is rising. In this thesis, work aimed at understanding and improving electrocatalysts used for these purposes is presented. A main part of the work has been focused on the selectivity between chlorine gas, or sodium chlorate formation, and parasitic oxygen evolution. An activation of anode surface Ti cations by nearby Ru cations is suggested as a reason for the high chlorine selectivity of the “dimensionally stable anode” (DSA), the standard anode used in industrial chlorine and sodium chlorate production. Furthermore, theoretical methods have been used to screen for dopants that can be used to improve the activity and selectivity of DSA, and several promising candidates have been found. Moreover, the connection between the rate of chlorate formation and the rate of parasitic oxygen evolution, as well as the possible catalytic effects of electrolyte contaminants on parasitic oxygen evolution in the chlorate process, have been studied experimentally. Additionally, the properties of a Co-doped DSA have been studied, and it is found that the doping makes the electrode more active for hydrogen evolution. Finally, the hydrogen evolution reaction on both RuO2 and the noble-metal-free electrocatalyst material MoS2 has been studied using a combination of experimental and theoretically calculated X-ray photoelectron chemical shifts. In this way, insight into structural changes accompanying hydrogen evolution on these materials is obtained.
Heterogen elektrokatalys innebär användningen av fasta material för att minska energimängden som krävs för produktion av kemikalier med hjälp av elektricitet. Heterogen elektrokatalys har en central roll i det moderna samhället, eftersom det möjliggör produktionen av kemikalier såsom klorgas och natriumklorat, som i sin tur används för produktion av t ex konstruktionsmaterial och läkemedel. Vikten av användning av elektrokatalys för produktion av förnybara bränslen, såsom vätgas, växer dessutom i takt med att en övergång till användning av förnybar energi blir allt nödvändigare. I denna avhandling presenteras arbete som utförts för att förstå och förbättra sådana elektrokatalysatorer. En stor del av arbetet har varit fokuserat på selektiviteten mellan klorgas och biprodukten syrgas i klor-alkali och kloratprocesserna. Inom ramen för detta arbete har teoretisk modellering av det dominerande anodmaterialet i dessa industriella processer, den så kallade “dimensionsstabila anoden” (DSA), använts för att föreslå en fundamental anledning till att detta material är speciellt klorselektivt. Vi föreslår att klorselektiviteten kan förklaras av en laddningsöverföring från ruteniumkatjoner i materialet till titankatjonerna i anodytan, vilket aktiverar titankatjonerna. Baserat på en bred studie av ett stort antal andra dopämnen föreslår vi dessutom vilka dopämnen som är bäst lämpade för produktion av aktiva och klorselektiva anoder. Med hjälp av experimentella studier föreslår vi dessutom en koppling mellan kloratbildning och oönskad syrgasbildning i kloratprocessen, och vidare har en bred studie av tänkbara elektrolytföroreningar utförts för att öka förståelsen för syrgasbildningen i denna process. Två studier relaterade till elektrokemisk vätgasproduktion har också gjorts. En experimentell studie av Co-dopad DSA har utförts, och detta elektrodmaterial visade sig vara mer aktivt för vätgasutveckling än en standard-DSA. Vidare har en kombination av experimentell och teoretisk röntgenfotoelektronspektroskopi använts för att öka förståelsen för strukturella förändringar som sker i RuO2 och i det ädelmetallfria elektrodmaterialet MoS2 under vätgasutveckling.

QC 20151119

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Toyokawa, Noriko. "Trajectories of social support in later life : a longitudinal comparison of socioemotional selectivity theory with dynamic integration theory." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29734.

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In this study, we contrasted socioemotional selectivity theory (SST; Carstensen, 2006) with dynamic integration theory (DIT; Labouvie-Vief, 2003) using trajectories of quantitative and qualitative social support in later life. SST is a lifespan theory of motivational development (Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999). There is a normative decline in social support networks in later life. In other words, individuals who perceive the limitation on time left for their future are likely to decrease the quantitative social support and compensate for this decrease by improving qualitative social support with emotionally meaningful social partners. The theory also postulates that age is the primary proxy for perceived limitation of individuals' lives (Carstensen, Fung, & Charles, 2003). Further, self-reported health and functional status are factors that affect older adults' perception of limitation of time left in their lives (Carstensen, 2006). In contrast, DIT is a neo-Piagetian theory that emphasizes the presence of individual differences in quantitative and qualitative social support in later life depending on individuals' levels of cognitive resources that are associated with educational levels (Labouvie-Vief & Diehl, 2000). Despite these different arguments on the trajectories of quantitative and qualitative social support in later life, SST and DIT have not been tested within a same study. The current study examined the trajectories of frequency of social contact (quantitative social support) and reliance on family members and close friends (qualitative social support) in later life. Participants were drawn from the Normative Aging Study (NAS; N = 1,067, M[subscript age] = 60.83, SD = 8.08) who completed social support surveys three times from 1985 to 1991. Using unconditional and unconditional analyses (Raudenbush & Bryk, 1986), growth models of frequency of social contact with and reliance on family members and close friends were tested. Within subject analyses found that the trajectory of frequency of social contact was a U-shaped curve with the age of 54 years at a peak, while the trajectory of reliance on family and friends were stable and linear. Random effects of age for the intercept and slope were significant in both models of frequency of contact and reliance on family and friends, although the random effect for the latter were small in both models. Between subjects analyses were conducted to examine whether cognitive resources, marital status, health status, and functional status predicted variance in the intercept and slope of both types of support. As SST hypothesized, having better self-reported physical health predicted higher levels of frequency of contact over age. Being married was associated with higher quantity of social support. However, contrary to our hypothesis based on SST, having poorer functional status predicted more frequent social contact over age. The random effect of intercept was still significant after controlling for these psychosocial predictors. The evidence to test the DIT hypotheses was examined in the model of the qualitative social support. Having memory problems predicted decreasing reliance on social partners. However, marital status and education did not significantly predict change in qualitative social relationships. Contrary to the hypothesis based on SST that posited poor self-reported health was associated with higher qualitative social support, it was better self-reported health that predicted higher qualitative social support. The random effects for the intercept and slope were still significant after controlling for these psychosocial factors. Taken together, the findings of the current study suggest that SST and DIT can be used as theoretical frameworks that are complementary rather than contradictory in their predictions of socioemotional development in later life. SST is useful to illustrate the overall trajectory of quantitative social support in a normative development in late life. DIT's stance better explains the individual differences in qualitative social support in non-normative contexts. The findings also suggest that having memory problems and poor self-reported health as non-normative developmental outcomes may be risk factors of older adults' ability to seek for social support.
Graduation date: 2012

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38

Al-Halimi, Raneem Khalil. "The Importance of Social and Emotional Needs for the Psychological Well-Being of Cancer Survivors: An Application of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7470.

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As the number of cancer survivors continues to rise, there is an increasing need for psychological research to better understand and help individuals cope with their cancer journey. According to Socioemotional Selectivity theory (SST), shortened time perspective and mortality awareness heighten the importance of social and emotional goals. In the present analysis, SST is applied to the unmet needs of cancer survivors. This is done to provide a better understanding of the association between unmet needs of cancer survivors and the impact of such needs on the survivors' psychological well-being, especially in the case of survivor’s awareness of his/her mortality. In keeping with SST theory, we anticipated that for those with higher mortality awareness (e.g., recurrence of cancer, older age, greater mortality ratio), high unmet social and emotional needs, above else, will be associated with lower psychological well-being. Partial support was found for these hypotheses and results are discussed in terms of their contribution to a better understanding of the nature of psychological well-being of cancer survivors.

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Burnett-Wolle, Sarah Godbey Geoffrey. "Applying socioemotional selectivity theory to nursing home recreation services which promote residents' and family/friends' affective well-being /." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4113/index.html.

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40

Freire, Ana Rita Monge. "Satisfação no trabalho e valores do trabalho ao longo da vida." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7106.

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Com a esperança média de vida a aumentar, a promoção da satisfação no trabalho ao longo da vida é um dos desafios mais importantes das nossas sociedades. A otimização da satisfação no trabalho nas diferentes fases do ciclo de vida ativa permitirá um envelhecimento ativo dos nossos colaboradores e das nossas organizações. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em investigar a existência de diferenças nos níveis de satisfação no trabalho para os indivíduos de faixas etárias distintas (20 aos 34, 35 aos 49 e 50 aos 64 anos), bem como nos valores do trabalho. Para isso, analisámos os dados do European Social Survey [ESS] de 2010 e do International Social Survey Program [ISSP] de 2005, relativamente à amostra de Portugal (637 participantes e 834 participantes, respetivamente). O nosso estudo recorreu à Teoria da Seletividade Socioemocional (Carstensen, 1995, 2006; Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999) para o enquadramento das hipóteses e interpretação dos resultados. Os resultados mostram que apesar de não se terem evidenciado diferenças nos níveis de satisfação no trabalho para os indivíduos em diferentes fases do ciclo de vida ativa, registam-se algumas mudanças no seu conteúdo. Assim, os trabalhadores entre os 20 e os 34 anos valorizam mais a iniciativa própria e a oportunidade de receber formação do que aqueles que têm entre os 50 e os 64 anos (ESS 2010). Pretendemos, com este estudo, perceber como evolui a satisfação com o trabalho ao longo da vida ativa, bem como as alterações naquilo que as pessoas valorizam nas várias fases do ciclo de vida ativa. Com base nos nossos resultados, chamamos a atenção para o desenvolvimento de possíveis ações concretas e intervenções, a nível da concepção do trabalho e das políticas de Recursos Humanos.
With the average life expectancy rising, the promotion of job satisfaction throughout life is one of the most important challenges of our societies. The optimization of job satisfaction during the different phases of the cycle of active life will allow an active aging of our collaborators and our organizations. The objective of this study consisted in investigating the existence of differences on the levels of job satisfaction for individuals of distinct age groups (20 to 34, 35 to 49 and 50 to 64 years), as well as differences on the work values. To achieve this purpose, we analysed the data in the European Social Survey [ESS] from 2010, and in the International Social Survey Program [ISSP] from 2005, relatively to the sample of Portugal (637 participants and 834 participants, respectively). Our study resorted to the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen, 1995, 2006; Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999) for the framing of the hypotheses and interpetration of the results. The results allow us to affirm that there are no significant differences on the job satisfaction for the three age groups, however there are registered changes in their contente. Thus, the workers between 20 and 34 years old give more value to self-initiative and to the opportunity to receive training, than those who are between 50 and 64 years old (ESS 2010). We intend, with this study, to understand how does job satisfaction evolve throughout active life, as well as the modifications in the things that the workers value in the different stages of the cycle of the active life. Based on our results, we draw the attention to the development of possible specific actions and interventions, at the level of the job conception and Human Resources policies.

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Wen, Ya-Huei, and 温雅惠. "A Study of Relationships between Family Firms and Earnings Management - The Perspective of Socioemotional Wealth theory." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6t9sst.

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碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
103
The studies of the strengths and weaknesses of family firms in their corporate governance have been widely examined in the finance and accounting literatures. Recently, socioemotional wealth theory explains psychological connection among the family members, so that they have strong intention to bequeath the family business to future generation. This study examines the relationships between family firms and earnings management based on socioemotional wealth theory. The empirical results show that family firms compared with those of non-family in Taiwan engage both of real earnings management and accrual-based earnings management. However, if one of the earnings management is controlled, the result shows the family firms prefer accrual-based earnings management to real earnings management.

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42

Mo, Chunhui. "Synaptic Learning Rules for Local Synaptic Interactions: Theory and Application to Direction Selectivity." Thesis, 2003. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/1942/1/mo-thesis-final.pdf.

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This thesis is organized in two parts, both concerned with local synaptic interactions within the dendritic tree. The first part is focused on how specific synaptic arrangements that can be used to compute direct ion selectivity can be learned in an unsupervised manner. The second part consists of a double synaptic veto model that can account for the observed reverse-phi selectivity of direction-selective cells. We propose an activity-based, local learning model that may account for the direction selectivity in neurons in the visual cortex based on the local veto operation among excitation and inhibition. We implement the learning rule with local calcium concentration changes and a BCM type learning curve (Bienenstock, Cooper and Munro, 1982). Our biophysical simulations suggest that a model cell implementing our learning algorithm develops direction selectivity organically after unsupervised training. The learning rule is also applicable to cells with multiple direction-selective subunits on dendrites and is stable under a number of starting conditions.

Reverse-phi motion is the illusory reversal of perceived direction of movement when the stimulus contrast is reversed in successive frames. Livingstone (2000) showed that direction-selective cells in striate cortex of the alert macaque monkey showed reversed excitatory and inhibitory regions when two different contrast bars were flashed sequentially during a two-bar interaction analysis. We carry out detailed biophysical simulations of a direction-selective cell model implementing a synaptic shunting scheme. Our results suggest that a simple synaptic-veto mechanism with strong direction selectivity for normal motion cannot account for the observed reverse phi-motion effect. A direct interaction between the ON and OFF pathway, missing in the original shunting-inhibition model, is essential to account for the reversal of response. We propose a double synaptic-veto mechanism in which ON excitatory synapses are gated by both delayed ON inhibition at their null side and by delayed OFF inhibition at their preferred side. The converse applies to OFF excitatory synapses. Mapping this scheme onto the dendrites of a direction-selective neuron permits the model to respond best to normal motion in its preferred direction and to reverse-phi motion in its null direction.

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43

Bechtold, John Ivan. "Attention to radio advertisements: an application of selective attention theory." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27591.

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44

De, Villiers Dawie. "Synthetic porous materials : a study of adsorption selectivity and structure-property relationships." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97839.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis was to study structure-property relationships in porous materials using various adapted analytical techniques and in-house instruments. The thesis is divided into two sections, and the first section of work constitutes the majority of the thesis. The first section of work deals with the theoretical versus experimental classification of sorption selectivity in porous compounds. A transiently porous metallocycle that can adsorb acetylene and carbon dioxide served as a model host for this experiment. A volumetric sorption instrument had to be constructed to carry out sorption with acetylene. Even though the metallocycle should theoretically be selective for acetylene over carbon dioxide based on single-gas sorption isotherms, this was not the case during the sorption of a mixture of the two gases. Furthermore, high-pressure single-crystal diffraction was carried out utilising an in-house environmental gas cell, and structural elucidation indicated that both acetylene and carbon dioxide coexist in a single cavity of the host. Additional complementary techniques are discussed that were used to confirm that both gases are present in a single host cavity. The techniques included infrared spectroscopy as well as high-pressure florescence and Raman spectroscopy, which had to be conducted with a specially designed pressure vessel and with adapted instrumentation. Finally, density functional theory calculations were employed to explain how host-guest and guest-guest interactions lead to the change in adsorption selectivity. It is concluded that researchers need to show experimentally that a compound is selective for the adsorption of a specific gas, because theoretical models are not always accurate. The second part of this work focuses on a fundamental study of the structure-property relationships in a porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework. The section starts off by exploring the activation conditions and thermal stability of the framework. This is followed by an exploration of a possible phase transformation or thermal expansion in the framework, but neither of these occurred. Thereafter, an extended study of the framework’s sorption behaviour with various gases is discussed. Then, a structural study of its solvated phase is used to explain the framework’s stability. Finally, a novel analytical method is introduced, and two examples are used to demonstrate why the instrument is useful in the field of supramolecular chemistry. The chapter is concluded by stating the importance these fundamental studies, as well the development of new analytical techniques.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis was om die struktuur-afhanklike eienskappe van poreuse materiale te ondersoek. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van verskeie aangepasde analitiese metodes asook instrumente wat spesifiek vir die studie gebou was. Die werk word in twee dele verdeel, en die meerderheid van die tesis word in die eerste deel bevat. In die eerste deel van die tesis word die validiteit van teoretiese- teen eksperimentele adsorpsie selektiwiteit opgeweeg. ŉ Gasheer wat bestaan uit ringvormige koördinasie-verbindings en wat asetileen asook koolstof dioksied kan adsorbeer, dien as ŉ model gasheer vir die studie. ŉ Volumetriese sorpsie instrument was spesiaal vir die studie gebou sodat asetileen sorpsie gedoen kon word. Volgens asetileen en koolstof dioksied se enkel-gas adsorpsie isoterme moet asetileen teoreties met voorkeur geadsorbeer word gedurende ŉ adsorpsie eksperiment waarin beide gasse teenwoordig is, maar eksperimenteel was dit bepaal dat dit nie so is nie, dus is daar ŉ verandering in die gasheer se adsorpsie selektiwiteit. Hierna word strukturele data van die gasheer, onder ŉ hoë druk van die gas mengsel, versamel deur gebruik te maak van enkel-kristal diffraksie en ŉ spesiaal-gemaakde gas sel. Die strukturele data toon dat beide asetileen en koolstof dioksied teenwoordig is binne elke porie van die gasheer. Daar word dan van addisionele analitiese metodes gebruik te maak om die observasie te bevestig. Die analitiese metodes sluit in infrarooi spektroskopie asook hoë-druk fluoressensie en Raman spektroskopie wat geëis het dat ŉ spesiale druk-bestande monster houer gebou moes word en dat analitiese instrumente gemodifiseer moet word. Ten slotte was daar van “density functional theory” gebruik gemaak om te verduidelik dat die interaksie tussen die gasheer en gas sowel as die interaksie tussen twee gasse lei tot die verandering in adsorpsie selektiwiteit. Uit hierdie bevinding word die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat navorsers met meer eksperimentele data vorendag sal moet kom voordat ŉ gevolgtrekking gemaak kan word dat ŉ raamwerk selektief een gas adsorbeer. Die tweede afdeling van die werk fokus op ŉ fundamentele studie van die struktuur-afhanklike eienskappe van ŉ poreuse waterstof-verbinde organies raamwerk. Die afdeling begin deur ŉ ondersoek van die aktivering kondisies sowel as die temperatuur-afhanklike stabiliteit van die raamwerk. Dit word gevolg deur te soek na moontlike fase veranderings of temperatuur-afhanklike uitsetting van die raamwerk, maar nie een van die twee eienskappe word waargeneem nie. Daarna word die deeglike ondersoek van die raamwerk se adsorpsie vermoë met verskeie gasse bespreek. Dit word gevolg deur ŉ strukturele studie van die solvaat van die raamwerk, wat dan gebruik word om die stabiliteit van die raamwerk te verduidelik. Ten slotte word ŉ analitiese metode bekend gestel, en twee voorbeelde word gebruik om te wys hoe nuttig die metode is om ŉ kombinasie van resultate te bekom. Die hoofstuk word saamgevat deur te verduidelik hoekom dit belangrik is om hierdie tipe fundamentele studies te doen asook waarom nuwe analitiese metodes ontwerp moet word.

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Sousa, Cristine. "Preserve the past. Encourage the present. Challenge the future. I Menlo capital and Ach Brito- German market penetrations strategy." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20488.

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CEMS
The CEMS Business Project, in which this work project is an extension of, is in corporation with Menlo Capital, serving as part of an international expansion vision for Ach Brito. Currently, Ach Brito carries a history of expertise in the soap and perfumery business with presences in over 50 countries. The issue the company faces is low brand awareness within some of these countries. With the recent approach from a German Distributor to sell Ach Brito’s luxury line of soaps and fragrances (Claus Porto), a thorough market analysis was developed for the German market. As a result of the insights gathered, 3 recommendations were drawn for how to best penetrate the German Market. In this work project, these recommendations are discussed, as well as, the methodological and theoretical context. To link the project with the Master studies, an academic discussion on the socioemotional wealth models was developed, and concluding this work project with a self reflection.

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Amarante, Gabriel Filipe De Castro. "From violas to violas Ferreira." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123298.

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This case is based on a real family business,Grupo Violas,and thepath of Violas Ferreira branch. Consisting of two main chapters, the first is the group’s foundation by its Patriarch and the process incurred till a peaceful asset division in the second generation. The second showcases the evolution of one of the branches, Violas Ferreira, and their Family Office HVF –SGPS. Across the case, several family business concepts are covered more precisely systems theory, the impact of fair process and socioemotional wealth, and Violas Ferreira diversification investments strategies.

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Park, Sang-Bum, and H. Kim. "How does family governance shape corporate philanthropy? Interaction effects between family ownership and management controls." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18204.

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No
We examine the effect of family governance on corporate philanthropy by focusing on the motives of controlling families. We emphasize that controlling families have two different motives, namely, financial and socioemotional motives. On this basis, we argue that the two motives have contrasting effects on corporate philanthropy. Given that family ownership represents the financial motive of family principals, the first hypothesis posits that family ownership is negatively related to corporate philanthropy. Family management increases family visibility and thus encourages controlling families to be concerned with their socioemotional wealth. That is, the higher the visibility of controlling families in the firm, the more likely the overlap will be between family and firm identity. Thus, the second and third hypotheses predict that family involvement in management as a family CEO or director positively moderates the relationship between family ownership and corporate philanthropy. We test our hypotheses using fixed effects panel regression models and the sample of large nonfinancial Korean family firms listed in KOSPI, Korea’s major stock market. Test results support our hypotheses. We find that family firms become reluctant to engage in discretionary wealth transfer to nonfamily stakeholders as family ownership increases. However, this negative effect of family ownership on corporate philanthropy is weakened by family involvement in top management and the board of directors. Our findings reconcile the inconsistent results in the literature on family business and CSR, which is divided into positive and negative perspectives. In this manner, we revisit the assumption of prior research, which often treats family firms as homogeneous and reveals the limitation of a dichotomous approach to family business. We conclude by discussing the implications and theoretical contributions of this study and offering future research directions.

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Gorritti, Luis Eduardo. "Le financement public de l’enseignement supérieur et ses impacts au Pérou : une analyse longitudinale (1993 – 2003)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4700.

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Cette recherche porte sur le financement public de l’enseignement supérieur au Pérou et ses impacts dans une perspective longitudinale couvant la période 1993-2003. Cette période est importante parce qu’elle a été témoin, dans ce pays, de changements majeurs aux plans du financement public et de la configuration du système d’enseignement supérieur. La recherche consiste principalement dans des analyses secondaires de données pertinentes publiées par des organismes nationaux et internationaux. Les analyses sont structurées à partir d’un schéma d’inputs et outputs. On considère comme inputs les ressources financières et les ressources humaines, lesquelles comprennent les professeurs et les étudiants, et comme outputs les taux de diplomation (efficacité interne) et la demande de diplômés par le marché du travail (efficacité externe). La théorie de la dépendance de ressources sert de cadre pour interpréter les rapports entre le financement public et ses incidences sur les réponses institutionnels et ses conséquences. Dans la période retenue, le financement du secteur public a décru de 32% en raison d’un désengagement progressif de l’État. Une conséquence majeure de la diminution du financement public a été la croissance rapide du secteur privé de l’enseignement supérieur. En effet, alors qu’en 1993 il y avait 24 institutions privées d’enseignement supérieur, il y en avait, en 2003, 46 institutions. La baisse du financement public et la croissance du secteur privé d’enseignement supérieur ont eu des incidences sur la sélectivité des étudiants, sur le statut des professeurs, sur l’implication des universités en recherche et sur les taux de diplomation. Le taux de sélectivité dans le secteur public a augmenté entre 1993 et 2003, alors que ce taux a diminué, dans la même période, dans le secteur privé. Ainsi, le secteur public répond à la diminution du financement en restreignant l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur. Le secteur privé, par contre, diminue sa sélectivité compensant ainsi l’augmentation de la sélectivité dans le secteur public et, par le fait même, augmente sa part de marché. Également, tant dans le secteur public que dans le secteur privé, les professeurs sont engagés principalement sur une base temporaire, ce qui se traduit, particulièrement dans le secteur privé, dans un moindre engagement institutionnel. Enfin, les universités publiques et privées du Pérou font peu de recherche, car elles favorisent, pour balancer leurs budgets, la consultation et les contrats au détriment de la recherche fondamentale. Paradoxalement, alors que, dans le secteur privé, les taux de sélectivité des étudiants diminuent, leurs taux de diplomation augmentent plus que dans le secteur public. Enfin, les formations avec plus d’étudiants inscrits, tant dans le secteur public que privé, sont les moins coûteuses en infrastructure et équipements. Dès lors, la pertinence de la production universitaire devient problématique. Cette recherche révèle que les organisations universitaires, face à un environnement où les ressources financières deviennent de plus en plus rares, développent des stratégies de survie qui peuvent avoir des incidences sur la qualité et la pertinence de l’enseignement supérieur.
This research deals with public financing of higher education in Peru and its impacts in a longitudinal perspective. It covers a ten-year period from 1993 to 2003. This period is important since this country witnessed major changes in public financing of higher education and in the configuration of its higher education system. The research is based mainly in secondary analyses of relevant data published by national as well as international agencies. Analyses are conducted within an input-output scheme. Financial and human resources (professors and students) are considered inputs, and graduation rates (internal effectiveness) and market labour demands as outputs (external effectiveness). Dependency theory is used as framework for the interpretation of the relationships between public financing and institutional responses and its consequences. In the period considered, public financing diminished by 32% resulting from a progressive disengagement of the State. A major consequence of this disengagement was the rapid growth of the private sector of higher education. While in 1993 there were 24 private institutions of higher education, ten years later there were 46 institutions. The decline in public financing and the growth of the private sector of higher education had measurable consequences on selectivity rates, professorial status, research involvement, and graduation rates. Selectivity rates in the period considered increased in public institutions but decreased in the private ones. Thus the public sector reacted to the decline in financing by becoming more selective; the private sector responded to the increase in selectivity in the public sector by decreasing its rates which translates into a higher student market share. Also, in both sectors, professors are hired on a part-time basis which impacts on participation to academic life and on research production. Moreover, universities, both public and private, favoured applied contractual research as a means of gaining alternative funding to compensate for scarce financial resources. Paradoxically, whereas in the private sector selectivity rates diminished in the decade considered, graduation rates increased and so more than in the public sector. Finally, training programs with higher enrolments in both public and private sectors are those which require less investment in infrastructure and equipments without consideration of societal relevancy. This research reveals that higher education organisations which face an environment with diminishing financial resources devise survival strategies which might have a negative impact on the quality and relevance of higher education.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Theory of socioemotional selectivity'

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