Journal articles: 'Theory of the critical distance'

1

O'Brien, John. "Critical Distance." Paragraph 29, no. 1 (March 2006): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/prg.2006.0007.

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Hattori, Toshio, and Minoru Yamashita. "OS14-3-3 Fretting Fatigue Life Estimations Based on Critical Distance Theory." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS14–3–3—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os14-3-3-.

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AKAMA, Makoto, Hiroyuki MATSUDA, Hisayo DOI, and Masahiro TSUJIE. "F405 Fatigue crack initiation life prediction of rails using theory of critical distance and critical plane approach." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2011.24 (2011): _F—54_—_F—57_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2011.24._f-54_.

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Hattori, Toshio, Muhammad Amiruddin Bin Ab Wahab, and Minoru Yamashita. "Low Cycle Fatigue Estimation Based on the Critical Distance Stress Theory." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1773.

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Generally the critical distance stress theory was applied for the fatigue limit estimation of general structures using fatigue limit of smooth specimen (σw0), and threshold stress intensity factor range (Kth). In this paper we extended this method for the estimation of low cycle fatigue life too. In this method we define the critical distance (rc) on static strength conditions, which is calculated using ultimate tensile strength (σB) and fracture toughness (KIC), in addition to the critical distance on fatigue limit condition (rc). Then the critical distances of any low cycle fatigue conditions can be calculated by interpolation of critical distance on fatigue limit (rc) with critical distance on static strength (rc). By unifying these low cycle fatigue life estimation method with high cycle fatigue limit estimation method we can estimate the full range fatigue life easily. And to confirm the availability of this estimation method we perform the fatigue test for any stress concentration specimens.s

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Wahab, Muhammad Amiruddin Bin Ab, Niu Jie, Toshio Hattori, and Minoru Yamashita. "Fatigue Strength and Life Estimation Methods Using Critical Distance Stress Theory." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.853.

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Generallythe critical distance stress theory was applied for the fatigue limitestimation of general structures. In thismethod, it needs only two parameters, fatiguelimit of smooth specimen (σw0), and threshold stress intensityfactor range (∆Kth). In this paper we extended this method for theestimation of low cycle fatigue lifetoo. In this improvement wedefine the critical distance (rc’) on static strength conditions,which is calculated using ultimate tensile strength (σB) andfracture toughness (KIC), in addition to the critical distance onfatigue limit condition (rc). Then the critical distances of any lowcycle fatigue conditions can be calculated by interpolation of criticaldistance on fatigue limit (rc)with critical distance on staticstrength (rc’). By unifying these low cycle fatigue life estimationmethod with high cycle fatigue limit estimation method we can estimate the fullrange fatigue life easily. And to confirm the availabilityof this estimation method we perform the fatigue test for circlehole specimens, sharp V notch specimens andfretting fatigue specimens.

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Daud, Ruslizam, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, Shahrum Abdullah, and Al Emran Ismail. "Fatigue Failure Analysis Using the Theory of Critical Distance." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.663.

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This paper explores the initial potential of theory of critical distance (TCD) which offers essential fatigue failure prediction in engineering components. The intention is to find the most appropriate TCD approach for a case of multiple stress concentration features in future research. The TCD is based on critical distance from notch root and represents the extension of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) principles. The approach is allowing possibilities for fatigue limit prediction based on localized stress concentration, which are characterized by high stress gradients. Using the finite element analysis (FEA) results and some data from literature, TCD applications is illustrated by a case study on engineering components in different geometrical notch radius. Further applications of TCD to various kinds of engineering problems are discussed.

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ARAKI, Daiya, Hiroki SANO, Kazuki MASUDA, and Toshio HATTORI. "Fretting Fatigue Strength Improvement Estimation Using Critical Distance Stress Theory." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): J0470101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j0470101.

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8

Muhammad, Amiruddin, Toshio HATTORI, JIE Niu, and Minoru YAMASHITA. "OS1707 Fatigue Life Estimation Based on the Critical Distance Theory." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2013 (2013): _OS1707–1_—_OS1707–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2013._os1707-1_.

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9

Diehl, H. W. "The Theory of Boundary Critical Phenomena." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 30 (December 10, 1997): 3503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297001751.

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An introduction into the theory of boundary critical phenomena and the application of the field-theoretical renormalization group method to these is given. The emphasis is on a discussion of surface critical behavior at bulk critical points of magnets, binary alloys, and fluids. Yet a multitude of related phenomena are mentioned. The most important distinct surface universality classes that may occur for a given universality class of bulk critical behavior are described, and the respective boundary conditions of the associated field theories are discussed. The short-distance singularities of the order-parameter profile in the diverse asymptotic regimes are surveyed.

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10

Taylor, David. "Microstructural Parameters in the Theory of Critical Distances." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.23.

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The work described below investigates, for the first time, the link between microstructural parameters such as grain size and the length constant L which is known as the critical distance. L is frequently used in the prediction of failure processes such as brittle fracture and fatigue, initiated at stress concentration features such as notches. Values of L were calculated using data from the literature on the effect of short cracks and notches in steels and ceramics. In some cases, simple relationships could be established between L and the grain size, or other microstructural features. Sometimes L was found to be much larger than anything in the microstructure and appeared to be related to the size of the damage zone at failure.

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11

Taylor, D. "The theory of critical distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, no. 7 (May 2008): 1696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.04.007.

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12

Hattori, Toshio, Muhammad Amiruddin Bin Ab Wahab, Takuya Ishida, and Minoru Yamashita. "Fretting Fatigue Life Estimations Based on the Critical Distance Stress Theory." Procedia Engineering 10 (2011): 3134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.519.

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13

Avoine, Gildas, Sjouke Mauw, and Rolando Trujillo-Rasua. "Comparing distance bounding protocols: A critical mission supported by decision theory." Computer Communications 67 (August 2015): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2015.06.007.

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14

Lægaard, Sune. "Contextualism in Normative Political Theory and the Problem of Critical Distance." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22, no. 4 (August 2019): 953–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-10026-6.

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15

Brumfield, Elizabeth Jean. "Applying the Critical Theory of Library Technology to Distance Library Services." Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning 4, no. 1-2 (April 23, 2010): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332901003765795.

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16

Hyldig, Keld. "Brand on the Stage: Identification and Critical Distance." Ibsen Studies 10, no. 2 (November 2010): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15021866.2010.538500.

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17

Luo, Peng, Weixing Yao, Yingyu Wang, and Piao Li. "A survey on fatigue life analysis approaches for metallic notched components under multi-axial loading." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 3870–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018809838.

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In this paper, several fatigue failure approaches of metallic notched components under multi-axial loading in recent decades are reviewed in detail. They are classified into three categories according to their different fatigue physical mechanisms and hypotheses: nominal stress approach, local stress–strain approach and the theory of critical distance. The accuracy, applicable range and computing complexity of these three different fatigue failure theories of metallic notched specimen under multi-axial fatigue loading are given. It is concluded that theory of critical distance accords with experimental results under multi-axial fatigue loading and it gives unambiguous explanation for physical mechanism of fatigue damage. However, the computing process is complex, especially under non-proportional fatigue loading, and the key parameter of theory of critical distance is difficult to calculate especially in engineering. These difficulties limit the application of theory of critical distance.

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AKAMA, Makoto, Hiroyuki MATSUDA, Hisayo DOI, and Masahiro TSUJIE. "Fatigue Crack Initiation Life Prediction of Rails Using Theory of Critical Distance and Critical Plane Approach." Journal of Computational Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (2012): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jcst.6.54.

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19

Muhammad, Amirudin, Ab Wahab Bin, Toshio HATTORI, and Minoru YAMASHITA. "G011043 Fatigue strength and life estimation methods using critical distance stress theory." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _G011043–1—_G011043–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._g011043-1.

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20

Hattori, Toshio, and Amiruddin Muhammad. "255 Application of critical distance stress theory on the small crack problems." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2015.28 (2015): _255–1_—_255–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2015.28._255-1_.

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21

HATTORI, Toshio, Youichi YAMASHITA, Vu Tning KIEN, and Minoru YAMASHITA. "1414 Fretting fatigue life estimation based on the critical distance stress theory." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2010 (2010): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2010.670.

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22

Adelstein, Ian M. "Minimizing geodesic nets and critical points of distance." Differential Geometry and its Applications 70 (June 2020): 101624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.difgeo.2020.101624.

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23

Shen, Xunliang, Dongfang Zeng, and Liantao Lu. "Investigating the effect of notch size on critical distance and fatigue limit by coupling the theory of critical distance and finite fracture mechanics." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 122 (December 2022): 103566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103566.

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24

Cicero, S., V. Madrazo, and I. A. Carrascal. "Estimation of Fracture Toughness by Testing Notched Fracture Specimens and Applying the Theory of Critical Distances." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (September 17, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/689386.

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This paper applies a methodology that allows the fracture toughness of a given material to be estimated by testing notched fracture toughness specimens and applying the Theory of Critical Distances, which requires the elastic stress field at the notch tip to be determined by finite elements simulation. This methodology, which is not intended to substitute any standardised fracture characterisation procedure, constitutes an alternative in those situations where pre-cracking processes may be too time-consuming, too expensive or, simply, cannot be performed. It comprises testing two notched specimens with different notch radii, defining the corresponding stress fields at fracture by using finite elements analysis, and applying the Theory of Critical Distances in order to calibrate the material’s critical distance and to apply the corresponding apparent fracture toughness formulation. The methodology has been applied to two different materials, PMMA and Al7075-T651, and the results have proven that, as long as the Theory of Critical Distances has been applied within its validity range, the fracture toughness estimations are highly accurate.

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25

Toulmin, Llewellyn M., Charles J. Givans, and Deborah L. Steel. "The Impact of Intergovernmental Distance on Disaster Communications." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 7, no. 2 (August 1989): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708900700202.

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Previous research into disaster communications, while fairly extensive, has been limited primarily to sociological analysis and organizational theory. This body of research, however, has not explored disaster communications in a federal, international or other multi-level governmental response system. This paper expands upon existing research to present a new theory of intergovernmental disaster communications. The theory is based on the concept of intergovernmental distance, which refers to distance in terms of differing procedures and approaches used by organizations in different functional areas at various levels of government. The theory postulates that the organizational distance created by these differences becomes a critical factor that must be addressed during a disaster. The study employs three sets of dimensions. The first is in two dimensions and examines distances between functional areas at various levels of government. The second is three dimensional and considers distances between functional area and central management. The third is multidimensional. Here a multiple regression equation is used to analyze intergovernmental distance. The study concludes by addressing the policy implications of the findings, especially the need to overcome inherent intergovernmental distance through disaster planning, the need to recognize the exponential increase in communications problems caused by increases in the number of disaster responders, and the need to determine if the marginal benefits contributed by each new responder exceed the marginal communications and coordination costs each responder imposes.

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26

Lamb, Kevin, and Patrick Weed. "A distance for circular Heegaard splittings." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 28, no. 09 (August 2019): 1950059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216519500597.

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For a knot [Formula: see text], its exterior [Formula: see text] has a singular foliation by Seifert surfaces of [Formula: see text] derived from a circle-valued Morse function [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] is self-indexing and has no critical points of index 0 or 3, the regular levels that separate the index-1 and index-2 critical points decompose [Formula: see text] into a pair of compression bodies. We call such a decomposition a circular Heegaard splitting of [Formula: see text]. We define the notion of circular distance (similar to Hempel distance) for this class of Heegaard splitting and show that it can be bounded under certain circumstances. Specifically, if the circular distance of a circular Heegaard splitting is too large: (1) [Formula: see text] cannot contain low-genus incompressible surfaces, and (2) a minimal-genus Seifert surface for [Formula: see text] is unique up to isotopy.

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27

Benedetti, M., and C. Santus. "Statistical properties of threshold and notch derived estimations of the critical distance according to the line method of the theory of critical distances." International Journal of Fatigue 137 (August 2020): 105656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105656.

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28

Pokutnyi, S. I., N. G. Shkoda, and J. Usik. "On the theory of the binding energy of exciton quasimolecules in germanium/silicon double quantum dots." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp13.04.383.

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A theory of exciton quasimolecules (formed from spatially separated electrons and holes) in a nanosystem consisting of double quantum dots (QDs) of germanium synthesized in a silicon matrix is presented. It is shown that the binding energy of the singlet ground state of the quasimolecule of an exciton is considerably larger than the binding energy of biexciton in a silicon single crystal by almost two orders of magnitude. It is shown that the exciton quasimolecule formation is of the threshold character and possible in a nanosystem, where D is the distance between the surfaces of QD that satisfies the following condition: (where and are some critical distances). Using the variational method, we obtain the binding energy of the exciton quasimolecule singlet ground state of the system as a function of the distance between the surfaces of QD D, and the QD radius a. It is shown that the convergence of two QDs up to a certain critical value of the distance between the surfaces of QD DC leads to the effective overlapping of the electron wave functions and the appearance of exchange interactions. As a result, the exciton quasimolecules can be formed from the QDs. It is shown that the existence of such a critical distance DC arises from the quantum size effects. Dimensional quantization of electrons and holes motion leads to the following fact: as the distance between the surfaces of the QD DC decreases, the decrease in the energies of interaction of the electrons and holes entering into the Hamiltonian of the exciton quasimolecule cannot compensate for the increase in the kinetic energy of the electrons and holes. At larger values of the distance between the surfaces of the QD D, , the exciton quasimolecule breaks down into two excitons (consisting of spatially separated electrons and holes), localized over the QD surfaces. The fact that the energy of the ground state of singlet excitonic quasimolecule is in the infrared range of the spectrum, presumably, allows us to use a quasimolecule for the development of new elements of silicon infrared nanooptoelectronics.

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29

Ahmad Shah, Mohamad Shazwan, Norhazilan Noor, Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh, and Mohd Nasir Tamin. "A review on the application of the theory of critical distance towards concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825003001.

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Theory of Critical Distance (TCD) is one of Fracture Mechanics numerical model that has gone through tremendous laboratory works and validation. Hence, it has been proven to be precise in broad perspectives in the field. Recently, TCD research related to fracture, especially fatigue on concrete are growing but the depth of study is still shallow and deficient compared to metal and steel. Thus, this made the fracture assessment in concrete obscures and governs by uncertainties. Previous efforts have managed to optimize TCD but the results only valid if the water-cement ratio of a concrete specimen in its optimum level. When the water-cement ratio is adjusted to a higher or lower from its optimum level, the output errors showed inconsistency as reported by Luca Susmel (2016). Therefore, this research aims to optimize the Theory of Critical Distance (TCD) by incorporating water-cement ratio and the interaction of microstructure matrix. The optimization involves few stages and finite element. If Theory of Critical Distance (TCD) can be improved by considering concrete’s additional element in its mathematical expression, it will definitely contribute to betterment in assessing concrete infrastructure around the globe.

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30

Eriksson, Robert, Kjell Simonsson, Daniel Leidermark, and Johan Moverare. "Evaluation of notch effects in low cycle fatigue of alloy 718 using critical distances." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 15001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816515001.

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Gas turbine disks contain many notch-like features acting as stress raisers. The fatigue life based on the notch root stress may be overly conservative as the steep stress gradient in front of the notch may give rise to so-called notch support. In the current work, the theory of critical distances was applied to the prediction of the total fatigue life of low cycle fatigued, notched specimens made from alloy 718. The fatigue tests were performed at 450 °C and 550 °C. It was found that, for lives shorter than 5000–10000 cycles, the notched specimens had longer lives than would have been expected based on the notch root strain. For lives longer than 5000–10000 cycles, there were no notch support. The life prediction for notched specimens could be significantly improved by basing the prediction on the strain chosen some distance from the notch (the critical distance). An expression for calculating the critical distance based on the notch root strain was suggested.

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31

Wang, Jian Hua, Yun Cheng Wang, Hai Feng Ding, and Fei Xie. "Research on Evasion Control of Vehicle Anti-Collision Warning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.407.

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This paper put forward a kind of vehicle anti-collision warning system and put the emphasis on the research of active control. It introduced the function and composition of the system and expounded its working principle. First the safety distance model was studied based on the vehicle kinetic theory. This model contained longitudinal and lateral safety distance model. And the longitudinal safety distance model can be further divided into Safety Critical distance, Lock-in Target distance, Danger Critical distance and Limited Critical distance. Then the dangerous targets were identified and classified based on safety distance model .Finally, according to different targets, the corresponding evasion control strategy and the control flow chart were established.

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32

Ye, Wen-Long, Shun-Peng Zhu, Xiaopeng Niu, Jin-Chao He, and José A. F. O. Correia. "Fatigue life prediction of notched components under size effect using critical distance theory." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 121 (October 2022): 103519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103519.

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33

MAJZOOBI, G. H., and P. AZHDARZADEH. "ESTIMATION OF AXIAL FRETTING FATIGUE LIFE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES USING CRITICAL DISTANCE THEORY." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 03 (March 8, 2018): 1850067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500671.

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Fretting fatigue life is traditionally estimated by experiment. The objective of this work is to introduce a special approach for estimation of axial fretting fatigue life at elevated temperatures from plain fatigue test based on the critical distance theory. The method uses Fatemi–Socie parameter as a multiaxial criterion to compute the stress multiaxiality on focus path. This method considers only elastic behavior for materials, and two characteristic diagrams are obtained from plain fatigue tests on two U-shaped and V-shaped notched specimens. The results showed reasonable agreement between the predictions by the proposed method and the experiments for ambient temperature. For elevated temperatures, the results indicated that the predicted fretting fatigue life was considerably overestimated in the low cycle fatigue (LCF) regime and underestimated in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) region with respect to experimental measurements. The reason for such discrepancy is believed to be due to the complex behavior of AL 7075-T6, which exhibits at elevated temperatures because of the problems such as aging, oxidation and reduction of strength.

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Taddesse, Anteneh Tilahun, Shun-Peng Zhu, Ding Liao, and Hong-Zhong Huang. "Cyclic plastic zone modified critical distance theory for notch fatigue analysis of metals." Engineering Failure Analysis 121 (March 2021): 105163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105163.

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35

Lægaard, Sune. "Correction to: Contextualism in Normative Political Theory and the Problem of Critical Distance." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22, no. 4 (August 2019): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-10032-8.

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He, Jin-Chao, Shun-Peng Zhu, Ding Liao, and Xiao-Peng Niu. "Probabilistic fatigue assessment of notched components under size effect using critical distance theory." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 235 (August 2020): 107150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107150.

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Cheng, Zhengkun, Ridong Liao, Wei Lu, and Dandan Wang. "Fatigue notch factors prediction of rough specimen by the theory of critical distance." International Journal of Fatigue 104 (November 2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.07.004.

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38

GURUSWAMY, S., and P. VITALE. "CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF A CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY IN THREE DIMENSIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 13 (April 30, 1996): 1047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396001089.

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We derive explicit forms of the two-point correlation functions of the O(N) nonlinear sigma model at the critical point, in the large-N limit, on various three-dimensional manifolds of constant curvature. The two-point correlation function, G(x, y), is the only n-point correlation function which survives in this limit. We analyze the short distance and long distance behaviors of G(x, y). It is shown that G(x, y) decays exponentially with the Riemannian distance on the spaces R2×S1, S1×S1×R, S2×R, H2×R. The decay on R3 is of course a power law. We show that the scale for the correlation length is given by the geometry of the space and therefore the long distance behavior of the critical correlation function is not necessarily a power law even though the manifold is of infinite extent in all directions; this is the case of the hyperbolic space where the radius of curvature plays the role of a scale parameter. We also verify that the scalar field in this theory is a primary field with weight [Formula: see text]; we illustrate this using the example of the manifold S2×R whose metric is conformally equivalent to that of R3–{0} up to a reparametrization.

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A., Vedernikova, Kostina A., Petrova A., and Plekhov O. "Physical explanation of the critical distance theory and a link with structure of material." Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.242.

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40

Walter, Hans-Jürgen P. "Nicolai Hartmanns Critical Ontology and the Critical Realism of the Berlin School of Gestalt Psychology." Gestalt Theory 41, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gth-2019-0002.

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Summary The author exemplifies the congruency of essential foundations between the critical realism of the Berlin School of Gestalt Psychology (Gestalt theory) and Nicolai Hartmann’s Critical Ontology. For instance, this congruency manifests in the importance given to critical-realistic epistemology – purified from idealistic prejudices, not least prejudices such as production-theoretical ones – connected with an unconditional phenomenology. Altogether, it results in a shared critical distance from scholars of Brentano, such as Husserl and Meinong, as well as from Neo-Kantianism.

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Cicero, Sergio, Juan Fuentes, Isabela Procopio, Virginia Madrazo, and Pablo González. "Critical Distance Default Values for Structural Steels and a Simple Formulation to Estimate the Apparent Fracture Toughness in U-Notched Conditions." Metals 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110871.

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The structural integrity assessment of components containing notch-type defects has been the subject of extensive research in the last few decades. The assumption that notches behave as cracks is generally too conservative, making it necessary to develop assessment methodologies that consider the specific nature of notches, providing accurate safe predictions of failure loads or defect sizes. Among the different theories or models that have been developed to address this issue the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) is one of the most widely applied and extended. This theory is actually a group of methodologies that have in common the use of the material toughness and a length parameter that depends on the material (the critical distance; L). This length parameter requires calibration in those situations where there is a certain non-linear behavior on the micro or the macro scale. This calibration process constitutes the main practical barrier for an extensive use of the TCD in structural steels. The main purpose of this paper is to provide, through a set of proposed default values, a simple methodology to accurately estimate both the critical distance of structural steels and the corresponding apparent fracture toughness predictions derived from the TCD.

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42

Clegg, Richard E., Kai Duan, and Alan J. McLeod. "Experimental Study on Theory of Critical Distance Applied to the Prediction of Fatigue from Notches." Advanced Materials Research 275 (July 2011): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.27.

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Fatigue failure of metal components containing notches, cracks and other defects has been a very active research topic for well over seven decades because of its important practical and theoretical implications. Recently, Taylor and his colleagues have re-visited this topic and proposed the Theory of Critical Distance (TCD), which summarizes the early work by Neuber, Peterson and others in a unifying theory and predicts fatigue fracture with the use of a critical distance, L0. In this paper, an experimental and numerical study of the fatigue of notched and unnotched 6061 aluminium alloys is used to verify the TCD and some of the limitations of the TCD are discussed on this basis.

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Ma, Wenyao, Hongbo Wang, and Shengyin Wang. "Critical Collision Risk Index Based on the Field Theory." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111748.

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Collision-risk measurements are crucial for ships, as they are necessary for collision avoidance decision making. However, collision risks between ships have not been quantified in unified standards. In this study, a critical collision index is proposed to describe the critical degree of collision risks between ships. Based on the field theory, a collision-risk field was introduced to build a field strength model based on the collision index. The model synthetically considers the influences of distance at closest point of approach, time to closest point of approach, and the relative bearing of coming ships. Moreover, the real time to the closest point of approach was used for describing the collision risk between ships. In addition, encounter situations and collision risks in the field were simulated using the field strength model and isorisk lines. The results are in agreement with the real collision-risk perceptions of Officers on Watch. It was shown that the proposed ship critical collision index can play an important role in ship collision avoidance and early warning systems.

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Kim, Suk. "Film, Between Nihilism and Hyperobjects." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 27, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2022.27.3.91.

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The only filmic work bequeathed by Samuel Beckett, Film (1965), as its self-reflexive title suggests, problematizes the ontological implications of sensory perception in various registers including sight, hearing and touch. The work also stands out in the writer’s oeuvre in that the story’s setting is, unlike his other literary texts, openly acknowledged (“about 1929” New York city), and that exceptional aspect merits analyses in its own right. Yet, the more pertinent bearings of Film come into view when juxtaposed to Derrida’s remark regarding Beckett’s signatory ambivalence vis-à-vis nihilism. How to make sense of the succeeding acts of ‘double apprehension’ (chasing/chased, seeing/seen, touching/touched, etc.) in which E and O seem to be indissociably caught? Do they attest to the ineluctable double nature of nihilism circumscribing the modernity or point instead to a way out, an exit strategy perhaps resembling Nancy’s account of ex nihilo? By tracing Film’s narrative movement in relation to the shifting sense of “we” in the deconstructive discourse of Derrida and Nancy, my paper suggests that the ultimate quandary we find ourselves as Film’s audience in the 21st century rather turns out to be the penetrating undulations of hyperobjects, which immobilize the sense of critical distance vouchsafed by such concepts as différance and exscription.

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Fleming, Ted. "Mezirow’s Theory of Transformative Learning and Freire’s Pedagogy." Adult Education Critical Issues 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/haea.32302.

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Jack Mezirow (1923-2014) and Paulo Freire (1921-1997) are two of the most important contributors to understanding adult learning. Mezirow (Bloom, 2015) frequently acknowledged the impact that Freire had on his thinking and one can wonder if there is a distance between the critical consciousness of Freire and the critical reflection of transformative learning? This study is restricted to the works of Freire and Mezirow and engages in a critical dialogue about their contribution. It does not focus on the multiple ways in which each has been amplified and reinterpreted by sympathetic scholars. These are the main focus of the study: an autobiographical moment; a look at Dewey as the precursor of both Freire and Mezirow; Hegel’s influence; a theological moment that divides the two educators; their contributions to teaching methods useful in critical pedagogy.

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Guan, De Qing, and Yan Hui Pan. "The Prediction Method of S-N Curve for Welded Steel Structure Using Critical Distance Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1436.

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The welded steel structure is used as the research object in this paper. On the basis of numerical analysis of welded steel structure in 3-D residual stress field, the predicted method of the fatigue strength and S-N curve for welded steel structure is set using the volume method of the critical distance theory. The fatigue strength and S-N curve of the typical the welded steel structure including butt, misaligned welded and T-shape joints are got through theory prediction. The predicted value coincides with the experimental value. This method can be reduced fatigue test, saved funds and provided reference for engineering application.

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HOOREWEDER, B. VAN, D. MOENS, R. BOONEN, and P. SAS. "The critical distance theory for fatigue analysis of notched aluminium specimens subjected to repeated bending." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 35, no. 9 (May 15, 2012): 878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2012.01672.x.

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Pelizzola, Alessandro. "Boundary Critical Behaviour of Two-Dimensional Layered Ising Models." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 11 (May 10, 1997): 1363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297000708.

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Layered models are models in which the coupling constants depend in an arbitrary way on one spatial coordinate, usually the distance from a free surface or boundary. Here the theory of the boundary critical behaviour of two-dimensional layered Ising models, including the Hilhorst–van Leeuwen model and models for aperiodic systems, is reviewed, with a particular attention to exact results for the critical behaviour and the boundary order parameter.

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Zhang, Zhiqiang, Fangfang Chen, Ning Li, and Mingming He. "Influence of Fault on the Surrounding Rock Stability for a Mining Tunnel: Distance and Tectonic Stress." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 18, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2054938.

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Stability of surrounding rock mass and safety of supporting system in mining tunnel are always dominated by fault near excavation limit. The influence degree of the fault varies significantly under different fault distances to mining tunnel and initial stresses condition. In this paper, a series of numerical experiments are conducted to study the displacement, stress, and plastic region in surrounding rock mass. The stress characteristics in sprayed concrete layer are analyzed to study the influence of the fault distance on excavation limit and the initial stress in ground. The fault distance is defined geometrically by a mutual perpendicular line between the excavation limit and fault line nearest to the mining tunnel to quantify the influence. In order to simulate fault specialty reasonably, an interface model based on the theory of cohesive joint element is proposed in the numerical experiment model. Some other disciplinary and quantificational regularities about the influence of the fault distance and tectonic stress are summarized based on the numerical results. The results show that there is a critical distance to judge whether a fault has a prominent influence to mining tunnel. The critical distance depends on the quality of mining tunnel surrounding rock mass, initial stress, and the degree of excavation limit curvature. With the increase of lateral stress coefficient, the vertical displacement at crown decreases, but the horizontal displacement increases in the both right and left sidewalls.

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Beck, R. Kelly. "Transport Distance and Debitage Assemblage Diversity: An Application of the Field Processing Model to Southern Utah Toolstone Procurement Sites." American Antiquity 73, no. 4 (October 2008): 759–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600047399.

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Understanding the decisions made at toolstone procurement localities is critical to understanding lithic production systems. However, lithic assemblages at procurement sites are typically voluminous, frequently overlapping, and always complex. This paper explores the influence of expected toolstone transport distance on procurement site assemblage variability using a central place theory inspired model from Human Behavioral Ecology. Debitage assemblage diversity is examined for 43 sites in two procurement contexts with different expected overall transport distances. Twenty-six of these sites are from the Canyonlands region of southeastern Utah where toolstone transport distances are expected to be uniformly short; seventeen sites are from the Black Rock desert region of west-central Utah where transport distances are expected to be longer. Observed differences in debitage assemblage diversity from each procurement context are consistent with expectations derived from the model which suggests that procurement site assemblage variability is predictably affected by expected toolstone transport distance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Theory of the critical distance'

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