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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Theory of Utterance

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Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of Utterance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of Utterance"

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Harared, Nico. "IMPLIKATUR: FUNGSI TINDAK TUTUR DALAM THE BIG BANG THEORY." Pujangga 3, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v3i2.442.

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<p><em>The research basically aims at describing implicature utterances and implicature </em><em>strategy of the speech acts and its types of utterance used in the situation comedy series of The Big Bang Theory seen from the Pragmatics point of view</em><em>. </em><em>The data is analyzed and described qualitatively by examining the correlation of the implicature strategy of the speech acts and its types of utterance. The data of this research is the implicature utterances of the characters, particularly the ones that appear in each type of utterance (i.e.,declarative, interogative and imperative) and types of speech act (i.e. representative, expressive, directive, and commissive). The source of data is face-to-face conversations among characters who are Physicists and one friend work as waiter. The data is taken from the conversations in the 20 series of three seasons of the situation comedy series of The Big Bang Theory. Findings have shown that implicature utterances among characters by exemplifying declarative, interrogative and imperative. Implicature strategy of the speech acts and its types of utterancethat is subcategorized into several types of utterance of speech act, namely: representative, directive and expressive.</em></p>

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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Is a general theory of utterance interpretation really possible?" New Perspectives on Utterance Interpretation and Implicit Contents 28 (November 28, 2014): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.28.02gib.

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How realistic is it to assume that psychologists, linguists, philosophers and others may someday be able to construct a general theory of utterance interpretation? Over the past 50 years, scholars have uncovered a tremendous amount about the processes and products of human language understanding. We have proposed a huge assortment of theories to explain how very specific types of utterances may be interpreted (e.g., syntactically ambiguous expressions, figurative language, pragmatic implicatures), with some of us working hard to articulate more comprehensive theories that could be applicable to all aspects of utterance interpretation. Yet the empirical data reveals many complexities that, on the surface, make some doubt whether a general theory of utterance interpretation is a feasible possibility. This paper describes some of these complexities in the empirical literature, focusing on figurative language use. I go on to argue that language scholars must embrace the diverse ways that people use and understand utterances and suggest concrete steps that we all should take if we are to one day find a more general theory, one which is perhaps tied to how people engage in any intentional action.

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Leeds, Charles Austin, and Mary Lee A. Jensvold. "The communicative functions of five signing chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)." Pragmatics and Cognition 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21.1.10lee.

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Speech act theory describes units of language as acts which function to change the behavior or beliefs of the partner. Therefore, with every utterance an individual seeks a communicative goal that is the underlying motive for the utterance’s production; this is the utterance’s function. Studies of deaf and hearing human children classify utterances into categories of communicative function. This study classified signing chimpanzees’ utterances into the categories used in human studies. The chimpanzees utilized all seven categories of communicative functions and used them in ways that resembled human children. The chimpanzees’ utterances functioned to answer questions, request objects and actions, describe objects and events, make statements about internal states, accomplish tasks such as initiating games, protest interlocutor behavior, and as conversational devices to maintain and initiate conversation.

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Korta, Kepa, and María Ponte. "Tenses, Dates and Times." Research in Language 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0002.

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This paper presents a theory of utterance content that is neutral with respect to some of the key issues in the debate about the proper semantics of tense. Elaborating on some ideas from Korta & Perry (2011), we defend a proposal according to which utterances of both temporally specific and temporally unspecific sentences have a systematic variety of contents, from utterance-bound to incremental or referential. This analysis will shed some light on the contribution of tense to what is said by an utterance.

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Paul, Christine. "The epistemic side of retrospective utterances." Certainty and Uncertainty in Dialogue 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2014): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.4.1.02pau.

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The paper further contributes to what Schegloff (2007) terms as “retro-sequences”. Different utterance formats such as utterances expansions by a second speaker, or questions regarding prior utterances, can be termed retrospective in a communicative sense. While previous research describes both utterance formats as syntactic and communicative opposites, this paper concentrates on their common ground, e.g. their common sequence organization. The paper demonstrates how interlocutors use the different utterance formats to display a degree of understanding with varying epistemic stance, and specifies the linguistic means for it.

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Romero, Esther, and Belén Soria. "Cognitive Metaphor Theory Revisited." Journal of Literary Semantics 34, no. 1 (January 15, 2005): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlse.2005.34.1.1.

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AbstractThis paper provides a framework which, being compatible with Lakoff and Johnson's theory (1980), allows a description of metaphoric verbal utterances. The development of this theoretical expansion is encouraged by Lakoff and Johnson's distinction between nonliteral and literal metaphoric expressions, and by the fact that they do not provide an explanation of the nonliteral metaphoric use of expressions as distinct from the literal metaphoric one. They simply say that metaphoric expressions are nonliteral when they are parts that are not used in our normal metaphoric concepts. This suggestion is included in our model, in which a metaphoric utterance is identified when the speaker perceives both a contextual abnormality and a conceptual contrast, and it is interpreted using, among other things, a pragmatic process of mapping to derive subpropositional metaphoric provisional meanings. This explanation of the metaphoric mechanism allows an explanation of the utterances in which nonliteral metaphoric expressions intervene without having to resort to a previous literal interpretation of these utterances.

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Fitria, Mila, Ike Revita, and Dhiant Asri. "Expressive Utterances as Found in Zach Sang Show on YouTube." Vivid Journal of Language and Literature 7, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.7.1.1-12.2018.

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This article analyses expressive utterances as found in Zach Sang Show on YouTube. This video is an interview of Zach Sang and the Gang to Selena Gomez as the guest of the show. The aim of this research is to analyse the types of expressive utterances and identify the functions of the expressive utterances found in the interview. Data were collected by using observational method and note-taking technique. Data were studied by using pragmatic identity method. Data were analyzed by using theory of types of expressive utterances proposed by Ronan (2015) and theory of function of expressive utterances proposed by Searle and Venderveken (1985). Data presented in narration and by using tables. Expressive utterances found in the video are 87 utterances. The writer finds 10 types of expressive utterance. They are agreement, volition, disagreement, compliment, pride, expressing sorrow, thanking, greetings, non-directed complaints in exclamations and apologizing. The most dominant type of expressive utterances is agreement. It shows the same perception between the speaker and the interlocutor. There are 14 functions of expressive utterance. They are to please, to desire, to agree, to disagree, to compliment, to boast, to lament, to thank, to greet, to complain, to surprise, to apologize, to congratulate and to praise. The most dominant function of the expressive utterances is to please. It shows the feeling of satisfaction, enjoyment and convenient to the proposition.

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Dubtsova, Olga, Viktoriia Petrenko, Oksana Kovalenko, and Nataliia Samsonenko. "Lingua-Ethological Causes of Communicative Failures: Pragmatic Aspect." Journal of Educational and Social Research 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0013.

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The paper reveals and describes communicative failures caused by differences in structures of communicants’ lingua-ethological encyclopedic knowledge based on the cognitive theory of dynamic construal of meaning. А communicative failure is viewed as a speech-behavioural act, where there is no semiosis (the addresser’s verbal and/or non-verbal utterance does not evoke any conventional conceptual content in the addressee’s mind) or there is ambivalent semiosis (the addresser and addressee privilege different aspects of the conceptual content structured by different frames (scripts)/domains, which results in the divergence between the addressee’s inferences and addresser’s presuppositions. It is alleged that communicative failures can be caused by differences in structures of communicants’ lingua-ethological knowledge of general principles regulating communicative behaviour. The addresser’s verbal and/or non-verbal utterance triggers different aspects of the conventional conceptual content in the minds of the communicants structured by different frames (scripts)/domains, which leads to the divergence between the addressee’s inferences and addresser’s presuppositions. Differences in structures of communicants’ lingua-ethological encyclopedic knowledge result from the addressee’s failure to select the most relevant way of interpreting the addresser’s utterance due to the violation of interpersonal rhetoric principles, in particular, Relevance Theory principles caused by a disregard of lingual and extra-lingual context of a communicative act. This results in a false interpretation of homonymous verbal utterances, utterance implicatures enabling both literal and metaphorical interpretation or implicatures connected with recognizing irony/sarcasm as well as the addresser’s communicative intentions and utterance addressing.

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Yayuk, Rissari. "TUTURAN MANYAMBATI DALAM BAHASA BANJAR." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v16i1.1738.

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This study aims to present manyambati utterances in the Banjarese language. The problem is how does the form of violations of politeness utterance manyambati in Banjar language. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of violation of politeness utterance manyambati in Banjar language. It is a qualitative study using a descriptive method. This study uses three steps of work, they are providing data, analyzing data, and presenting data. The technique used in data collection is recording and documentation. The data are taken from January 2019 to March 2019. The place and source of data are taken from people who live in Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, and Martapura. To analyze the data this study uses the speech act theory. This study uses a descriptive and interpretative technique. The result of data analysis is presented in common words. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the form of violations of politeness utterance manyambati in Banjar language consists of mentioning someone's physical deficiency, negative work, names of parents, and dirty objects. These four manyambati utterances have already threatened someone's dignity. The speaker has already violated the principal politeness language.

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Jahdiah, NFN. "BENTUK DAN FUNGSI TINDAK TUTUR ILUKOSI BAHASA BUGIS DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN:TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v16i1.2348.

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Every utterance produced by the speaker has its own type and function. This study aims to describe the form of the illocution speech act in Bugis language in Tanah Bumbu regency and describe the function of those utterances. The data of this study are utterances uttered by Bugis speakers, Simpang Empat District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. This study uses Searle's theory of speech acts. The method used in this study is qualitative. The data technique used in this study is speaking and listening. To analyze the data, this study uses descriptive techniques by describing the data in accordance with the formulation of the problem. The problems in this study are (1) what kind of speech act exists in Bugis language, (2) how does the function of each utterance. The result shows that there are five speech acts in Bugis language, they are (1) assertive/representative speech act, (2) commissive speech act, (3) directive speech act, (4) expressive speech act, and (5) declarative speech act. Base on the function of illocution utterance there are four functions, (1) competitive function, (2) favor function, (3) cooperate function, and (4) challenge function.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of Utterance"

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Marchenkova, Ludmila Alexandrovna. "Interpreting dialogue: Bakhtin’s theory and second language learning." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1111777929.

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Bignell, B. "Musical utterance as a way of knowing : a contemporary epistemology of music /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030801.134529/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000.
"Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Social Ecology in the University of Western Sydney". Bibliography : p. 462-482.

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Wetherbee, Benjamin James. "Toward a Rhetoric of Film: Theory and Classroom Praxis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313119045.

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Bateman, John A. "Utterances in context : towards a systemic theory of the intersubjective achievement of discourse." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19207.

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Tomazzi, Raiany. "Concepções de linguagem e língua em livro didático de língua inglesa e uma proposta de diálogo com a reflexão enunciativa : possíveis deslocamentos para a sala de aula." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172888.

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Esta pesquisa, por meio da análise de um livro didático de língua inglesa, propõe o diálogo entre o campo de ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa e a perspectiva enunciativa de linguagem de Émile Benveniste. O estudo procura comprovar a hipótese de que há livros didáticos em língua inglesa que apresentam atividades que envolvem interlocuções possíveis de serem abordadas em sala de aula por uma perspectiva enunciativa da linguagem. Com o diálogo entre os estudos linguísticos de Émile Benveniste – reflexões sobre linguagem, língua, enunciação e discurso, presentes em textos pertencentes aos Problemas de linguística geral I e Problemas de linguística geral II – e os estudos voltados à aquisição de segunda língua, tornou-se possível operar deslocamentos, que resultaram em um novo conhecimento sobre essa relação enunciação e ensino-aprendizagem de segunda língua, com a consideração dos seguintes aspectos: a) a intersubjetividade na linguagem; b) a situação de discurso e a atribuição de referência; c) a relação forma-sentido; d) os valores culturais impressos no discurso. Tais aspectos, tratados teoricamente nos dois primeiros capítulos, foram norteadores da metodologia no terceiro capítulo e da análise no quarto capítulo. Na análise, foram selecionados quatro grupos de atividades do livro didático de língua inglesa Alive! 8, obra distribuída para a rede pública de ensino por intermédio do Plano Nacional do Livro Didático no ano de 2017. Observou-se que as atividades analisadas: a) apresentam marcas de intersubjetividade, visto que o livro didático prevê que a comunicação intersubjetiva se concretize em sala de aula; b) atuam como provocadoras de referência e permitem que o locutor-aluno atribua essas referências pelo discurso; c) consideram forma e sentido como instâncias interdependentes, permitindo aos locutores-alunos que eles compreendam e reconheçam as unidades da língua inglesa em sala de aula como integradas umas às outras; d) abordam questões relacionadas a costumes e valores das duas línguas envolvidos no processo de aprendizagem da segunda língua. Todavia, foi possível verificar que algumas das atividades analisadas necessitam ter seu escopo ampliado no contexto de sala de aula de língua inglesa. Dessa forma, a pesquisa aponta, na conclusão, que o professor é o responsável por garantir que as atividades presentes no livro didático possam ser abordadas por uma perspectiva enunciativa da linguagem, trazendo contribuições ao processo de aprendizagem de inglês como segunda língua.
This research, through the analysis of an English textbook, proposes the dialogue between the field of teaching and learning of English and Émile Benveniste’s enunciative perspective of language. The study aims to prove the hypothesis that there are textbooks in English that present activities that involve possible dialogues to be addressed in the classroom through an enunciative perspective of the language. With the dialogue between Émile Benveniste's linguistic studies – reflections about language, utterance and discourse present in the texts belonging to Problems of general linguistics I and Problems of general linguistics II – and studies on second language acquisition, it became possible to operate displacements, which resulted in a new knowledge about this relation between enunciation and second language teaching and learning, considering the following aspects: a) the intersubjectivity in language; b) the situation of discourse and reference attribution; c) the form-meaning relationship; d) the cultural values printed in the discourse. These aspects were considered theoretically in the first two chapters, and they guided the methodology in the third chapter and the analysis in the fourth chapter. In the analysis, four groups of activities were selected from the English textbook Alive! 8, a book distributed to the public school system through the National Program of Textbook in 2017. It was observed that the analyzed activities: a) present marks of intersubjectivity, since the textbook predicts that intersubjective communication is materialized in the classroom; b) act as reference provocateurs and allow the student to assign these references through discourse; c) consider form and meaning as interdependent instances, allowing students to understand and recognize the units of language in the classroom as integrated to each other; d) address issues related to customs and values of the two languages involved in the process of learning the second language. However, it was possible to verify that some of the analyzed activities need to have their scope expanded in the context of English classroom. In this way, the research indicates, in the conclusion, that the teacher is responsible for ensuring that the activities in the textbook can be approached by an enunciative perspective of language, bringing contributions to the process of learning English as a second language.

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Cai, Yunhong. "Elizabeth’s Utterances in Pride and Prejudice : An Investigation of Gendered Differences from the Perspective of Face Theory." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Enheten för lärarutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8029.

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The aim of this essay is to investigate Face Theory, from a gender perspective, in the 19th century’s novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen with the help of Speech Act Theory including direct Speech and indirect Speech. The special focuses of this investigation are if Elizabeth has a stereotypical use of FTAs strategies for different genders.

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Pizarro, Aranxa. "Examining the Verificationist Theory of Meaning." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119215.

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This paper purports to analyze the verificationist theory of meaning proposed by logical positivism. According to this theory, only sentences verifiably by means of empirical observation have meanings. Our purpose is to show the reasons why the verificationist theory collapses. In order to do so, we will examine both the internal and external critiques to it. Among the internal critiques, we will show the logical positivists’ failed attempts to formulate an adequate weak verification criterion. Among the external critiques, we will focus on the ones formulated by J.L. Austin on the basis of his theory of performative utterances.
El presente trabajo busca analizar la teoría verificacionista del significado propuesta por el positivismo lógico. De acuerdo a esta teoría, solo los enunciados verificables por medio de la observación empírica tienen significado. Nuestro propósito es mostrar las razones por las cuales la teoría verificacionista del significado colapsa. Para ello, examinaremos tanto las críticas internas como externas. En las críticas internas mostraremos los intentos fallidos de los positivistas lógicos en formular un criterio de verificación débil adecuado. En las críticas externas nos centraremos en las formuladas por J.L. Austin a partir de su teoría de los enunciados realizativos.

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Templin, Lisa Marie. ""I'le Tell My Sorrowes Unto Heaven, My Curse to Hell": Cursing Women in Early Modern Drama." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31832.

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The female characters in Shakespeare’s 2 Henry VI and Richard III; Rowley’s All’s Lost by Lust; Fletcher’s The Tragedy of Valentinian; Rowley, Dekker, and Ford’s The Witch of Edmonton; and Brome and Heywood’s The Late Witches of Lancashire curse their enemies because, as women, they have no other way to fight against the injustices they experience. At once an extension of the early modern belief that words are “women’s weapons,” and dangerously beyond the feminine ideal of silence, the curse, as a performative speech act, resembles the physical weapons wielded by men in its potential to cause serious harm. Using Judith Butler’s theory of gender as performative and J. L. Austin’s theory of performative utterances, this thesis argues that curses function as part of the cursing woman’s performative identity, and by using speech as a weapon, the cursing woman gains a measure of social agency within the social order even if she cannot change her place within it.

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Borderieux, Julien. "La construction textuelle du brevet d'invention : analyse et théorisation de la strate contributionnelle." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004409.

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Ce travail s'attache à la construction textuelle du brevet d'invention (type de texte spécialisé très normé) par l'étude des contraintes pragmatiques le structurant et notamment celles le définissant comme une contribution au sens gricéen (Grice), post-gricéen (Nemo, Portuguès) ou non-gricéen (Clark et Schaefer). Il étudie ses stratégies textuelles, par exemple en termes de rhétorique de la revendication, en se penchant sur son format particulier dans lequel sont isolés des éléments récurrents et autonomes, les ensembles contributionnels, et leurs liaisons.La première partie présente l'approche contributionnelle du texte de brevet d'invention. Il s'agit d'une part de décrire le texte comme un objet contributionnel, et d'autre part de se demander dans quelle mesure la confrontation avec un texte hyperformaté conduit à reconsidérer les maximes (gricéennes) régulant les contributions. Le corpus d'étude est constitué d'une base textuelle de brevets d'invention transformée en base de données contributionnelles. L'analyse de celle-ci permet une modélisation contributionnelle du texte de brevet fondée sur des marqueurs délimitant des ensembles contributionnels soumis à un schéma général invariant, prédictible et reproductible. La phase de modélisation est l'occasion de reformuler une partie des maximes gricéennes encadrant la production d'ensembles contributionnels. Dans le cadre d'une conception plurisémique de l'interprétation, la fin de l'étude dégage les propriétés de la strate contributionnelle, en montrant notamment qu'à partir de la contrainte de complétude du texte en train de se construire et au travers des différentes sous-contributions qui le constituent se met en place une mécanique textuelle reposant sur des enchaînements contributionnels spécifiques aux textes formatés. Ces considérations sur la matière contributionnelle des textes permettent d'aborder les fondements d'une théorie contributionnelle du texte.

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Krasny, Karen A. "Dialogic spaces : Bakhtin's social theory of utterance in reader response." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19842.

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Books on the topic "Theory of Utterance"

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Wen qi hua yu xing tai yan jiu: A Study of the Wenqi Utterance Form. Bei Jing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 2014.

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Cave, Terence. Towards a Passing Theory of Literary Understanding. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794776.003.0010.

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Relevance theory offers a model of communication where utterances are constantly updated by the speaker, inviting the listener to engage in a corresponding activity of inferential adjustment. In the case of literature, the potential time-scale of this activity is expanded, whether by the length of the text, the passage of historical time, or the demands of close reading. How then do incremental effects operate within the virtual time of literary utterance? How does one effect become a platform or trigger for others? This chapter touches on issues such as the situated logic of collocation and the ‘echoic’ as a way of approaching literary allusiveness, and brings together the micro-analysis of a line of poetry with a broader-scope reflection on the principles that operate over extended fictions. Adapting to literary understanding Davidson’s notion of a ‘passing theory’, it tracks the time-bound, ephemeral passage of verbal events through the reader’s cognitive focus.

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Bolens, Guillemette. Relevance Theory and Kinesic Analysis in Don Quixote and Madame Bovary. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794776.003.0004.

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Relevance in acts of communication is a focus in both Cervantes’s Don Quixote and Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, and it operates on two levels. One level corresponds to interactions between characters in the plot, the other to readers’ reception of the overarching utterance constituting the literary work. The chapter addresses both levels while linking relevance theory to kinesic analysis, in order to account for some of the cognitive processes activated in literary reception when we understand complex kinesic information (movements, postures, gaits, gestural interactions). While relevance theory helps account for communicational inference procedures within the plot as well as in the work’s literary reception, kinesic analysis addresses the specific type of inference elicited in readers by linguistic utterances referring to gestural and sensorimotor elements in narrative.

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Carston, Robyn, and George Powell. Relevance Theory—New Directions and Developments. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0016.

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Much work in relevance theory relies on the kinds of method and data familiar to linguistic philosophers: essentially introspection and native speaker intuitions on properties such as truth conditions, truth values, what is said, etc. Recently, however, relevance theorists have been at the forefront of a newly-emerging research field, experimental pragmatics, which aims to apply the empirical techniques of psycholinguistics to questions about utterance interpretation. Over the last few years, this new research methodology has thrown up interesting and sometimes surprising insights into the psychological processes underlying human communication and comprehension, some of which are discussed in this article.

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Stokke, Andreas. What is Said. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825968.003.0004.

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This chapter provides a new theory of the notion of what is said that is central to the book’s account of assertion, and hence of lying. It argues that what is said by utterances, in context, is relative to discourse structure, in particular, to socalled questions under discussion. The chapter shows that utterances of the same declarative sentence can be used to say, and hence assert, different things relative to which question is being addressed. In turn, the same declarative utterance may be a lie relative to one question under discussion and merely misleading relative to another question under discussion. Discourse-insensitive accounts of what is said fail to capture the lying-misleading distinction. A semantics for questions is provided and is employed in a detailed definition of what is said relative to questions under

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Keiser, Jessica. Varieties of Intentionalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791492.003.0008.

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In Imagination and Convention: Distinguishing Grammar and Inference in Language, Ernie Lepore and Matthew Stone offer a multifaceted critique of the Gricean picture of language use, proposing in its place a novel framework for understanding the role of convention in linguistic communication. They criticize Lewis’s and Grice’s commitment to what they call ‘prospective intentionalism,’ according to which utterance meaning is determined by the conversational effects intended by the speaker. Instead, they make a case for what they call ‘direct intentionalism’, according to which utterance meaning is determined by the speaker’s intentions to use it under a certain grammatical analysis. I argue that there is an equivocation behind their critique, both regarding the type of meaning that is at issue and the question each theory is attempting to answer; once we prise these issues apart, we find that Lepore and Stone’s main contentions are compatible with the broadly Lewisian/Gricean picture.

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Perry, John. Indexicals and undexicals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714217.003.0004.

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According to Kaplan, the character of “tomorrow” tells us that the reference of a use of “tomorrow” is the day after the time in context. That time is the time at which the utterance occurred, or might have occurred. So, to get to the reference, we need a function, call it FTom, from a day to the next day. And we need a day to serve as the argument for the function. Kaplan’s character tells us to pick the day during which the time in the context occurs. But is this always the right place to get the argument for FTom? Consider “Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.” The chapter argues that “undexical” uses can be handled in a way that preserves what is right about Kaplan’s theory, by introducing utterances explicitly into our account; and that doing so illuminates some related epistemological issues.

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Stojnić, Una. Context and Coherence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865469.001.0001.

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Natural languages are riddled with context-sensitivity. One and the same string of words can express indefinitely many different meanings on an occasion of use. And yet we understand one another effortlessly, on the fly. What fixes the meaning of context-sensitive expressions, and how are we able to recover this meaning so quickly and without effort? This book offers a novel response: we can do so because we draw on a broad array of subtle linguistic conventions that fully determine the interpretation of context-sensitive items. Contrary to the dominant tradition, which maintains that the meaning of context-sensitive language is underspecified by grammar, and depends on non-linguistic features of utterance situation, this book argues that meaning is determined entirely by discourse conventions, rules of language that have largely been missed, and the effects of which have been mistaken for extra-linguistic effects of an utterance situation on meaning. The linguistic account of context developed in this book sheds a new light on the nature of linguistic content, and the interaction between content and context. At the same time, it provides a novel model of context that should constrain and help evaluate debates across many sub-fields of philosophy where appeal to context has been common, often leading to surprising conclusions: for example, in epistemology, ethics, value theory, metaphysics, metaethics, and logic, among others.

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Starr, William B. Socializing Pragmatics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791492.003.0007.

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Lepore and Stone (2015) focus on two theoretically useful notions of meaning: conventional meaning and speaker meaning. For Lepore and Stone (2015, ch.14), the former consists of our mutual expectations about how language is used—conventions—to make ideas public. The latter consists in ideas that are made public by virtue of the speaker’s basic intentions in speaking (Lepore and Stone 2015, ch.13). This essay argues that there is a third, more basic notion of meaning I call significance. The significance of an utterance is not reducible to the content it makes mutual, because it is partly based on the private commitments speakers have when they make utterances and the private commitments hearers form on the basis of utterances. More specifically, significance is the private speaker commitments and hearer effects, which explain why utterances of a given type are reproduced in a population of agents (Millikan 2005). This leads to an approach that differs from Lepore and Stone (2015) in the treatment of non-conventional interpretive effects, speech acts, and deception.

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Perry, Imani. The Flowers Are Vexed. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0015.

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This work, at the intersection of feminist jurisprudence, critical race theory, and African American literary studies, challenges the concept of the reasonable man which informs Anglo-American jurisprudence. The argument revolves around a politics of relation that challenges the hierarchies of membership that are an integral part to the development of the American legal order. The chapter draws on Hortense Spillers’s germinal concept of vestibularity (standing at the threshold) as well as Stanley Cavell’s concept of the “passionate utterance” to furnish alternatives to the reasonable man. It concludes with readings of Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon and Ayana Mathis’s The Twelve Tribes of Hattie.

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Book chapters on the topic "Theory of Utterance"

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Davis, Steven. "Chapter 7. Utterance acts and speech acts." In Essays in Speech Act Theory, 135–50. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.77.09dav.

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Reiter, Rosina Márquez, and María Elena Placencia. "Speech Act Theory: Examining Language at the Utterance Level." In Spanish Pragmatics, 5–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230505018_2.

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Hengeveld, Kees. "The hierarchical structure of utterances." In Layers and Levels of Representation in Language Theory, 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.13.03hen.

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Lohmann, Kris, Carola Eschenbach, and Christopher Habel. "Linking Spatial Haptic Perception to Linguistic Representations: Assisting Utterances for Tactile-Map Explorations." In Spatial Information Theory, 328–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4_18.

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"A semantics of utterance, formalized." In Foundations of Speech Act Theory, 88–106. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203206478-9.

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"Aquinas on Significant Utterance: Interjection, Blasphemy, Prayer." In Aquinas's Moral Theory, 207–34. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501728365-011.

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"Situating Meaning in the Utterance." In Ten Lectures on Event Structure in a Network Theory of Language, 268–92. BRILL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004375291_011.

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Toner, Peter. "Bakhtin’s Theory of the Utterance and Dhalwangu Manikay." In Strings of Connectedness: Essays in honour of Ian Keen. ANU Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/sc.09.2015.08.

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Auken, Sune. "Utterance and Function in Genre Studies: A Literary Perspective." In Genre Theory in Information Studies, 155–78. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2055-537720140000011009.

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Smith, Ronnie W., and D. Richard Hipp. "Experimental Results." In Spoken Natural Language Dialog Systems. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091878.003.0009.

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One of the main goals of this research was to develop a computational model that could be implemented and tested. Testing could serve at least two purposes: (1) Demonstrate the viability of the Missing Axiom Theory for dialog processing; and (2) Determine the ways that varying levels of dialog control influence the interaction between user and computer. Consequently, an experiment involving use of the system was constructed to test the effects of different levels of dialog control. The format and results of this experiment are reported in this chapter. The following hypotheses are proposed as performance differences by users as they gain experience and have the initiative. • Task completion time will decrease. • The number of utterances per dialog will decrease. • The percentage of “non-trivial” utterances will increase (a nontrivial utterance is any utterance longer than one word). • The average length of a non-trivial utterance will increase. • The rate of speech (number of utterances per minute) will decrease. These hypotheses are consistent with the intuition that as the user has more initiative, the user will put more thought into the process, reducing the rate of interaction. In addition, it is expected that when the user has more initiative, there would be an attempt to convey more detailed information in each non-trivial utterance. Finally, it is also believed that increased user initiative will be more helpful when the user gains experience and has more knowledge about performing the task independent of computer guidance. Two graduate students in computer science volunteered to use the system. Each subject received about 75 minutes of training on the speech recognizer with the 125 word vocabulary. The subjects then participated in three sessions on differing days. Each session consisted of four different problems where each problem consisted of a single missing wire. The results from these subjects tended to support our hypotheses. However, the experimental control for this testing was not well-defined. The two subjects are involved in AI and NL research and consequently have strong preconceptions about NL systems and what constitutes “proper” behavior toward such systems.

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Conference papers on the topic "Theory of Utterance"

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Zhang, Yazhou, Qiuchi Li, Dawei Song, Peng Zhang, and Panpan Wang. "Quantum-Inspired Interactive Networks for Conversational Sentiment Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/755.

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Conversational sentiment analysis is an emerging, yet challenging Artificial Intelligence (AI) subtask. It aims to discover the affective state of each participant in a conversation. There exists a wealth of interaction information that affects the sentiment of speakers. However, the existing sentiment analysis approaches are insufficient in dealing with this task due to ignoring the interactions and dependency relationships between utterances. In this paper, we aim to address this issue by modeling intrautterance and inter-utterance interaction dynamics. We propose an approach called quantum-inspired interactive networks (QIN), which leverages the mathematical formalism of quantum theory (QT) and the long short term memory (LSTM) network, to learn such interaction dynamics. Specifically, a density matrix based convolutional neural network (DM-CNN) is proposed to capture the interactions within each utterance (i.e., the correlations between words), and a strong-weak influence model inspired by quantum measurement theory is developed to learn the interactions between adjacent utterances (i.e., how one speaker influences another). Extensive experiments are conducted on the MELD and IEMOCAP datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the QIN model.

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Shahih, Khaidzir Muhammad, and Ayu Purwarianti. "Utterance disfluency handling in Indonesian-English machine translation." In 2016 International Conference On Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory And Application (ICAICTA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaicta.2016.7803104.

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Markov, Ilya. "Politeness And Relevance Theory: The Problem Of Interpretation." In X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.63.

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Tayupova, Olga. "Norm And Uzus In The Theory Of Media Discourse." In X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.157.

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Kozlova, Victoria V. "4C’s Theory Application At Lessons Of English At A Technical University." In X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.81.

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Almetev, Yury. "Theory Of Flow: Implications For Foreign Language Education." In WUT 2018 - IX International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.04.02.41.

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Vlasyan, Gayane R. "Linguistic Hedging In The Light Of Politeness Theory." In WUT 2018 - IX International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.04.02.98.

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Yakovlev, Andrey A. "What Is Necessary For The General Theory Of Linguistic Consciousness?" In WUT 2018 - IX International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.04.02.110.

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Abaeva, Evgeniya S. "Translation Of Extracts With Humorous Effect In The Context Of Triz Theory." In WUT 2018 - IX International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.04.02.23.

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Zajchenko, Svetlana. "The Application Of Fractal Theory to The Study Of English Discourse Organisation." In WUT 2018 - IX International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.04.02.53.

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