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1
Narayan, Pratyush. "Interleukin-18 as a Therapeutic Target in Western-diet Induced Cardiomyopathy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4789.
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Background: Heart Failure (HF) is characterized by impaired cardiac function with symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue and exercise intolerance. Western diet (WD), a diet high in saturated fats and sugars, causes systemic increase in IL-18, a cytokine elevated in HF, which induces abnormal myocardial structure and diastolic dysfunction. IL-18 binding protein(IL-18BP) binds IL-18, preventing the binding to the IL-18-receptor. We investigated a therapeutic intervention using recombinant-murine IL-18BP to improve the WD-induced cardiomyopathy in C57BL/6J mice.
Methods: Echocardiography with pulse-wave Doppler and tissue imaging was performed to assess cardiac function. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to assess metabolic parameters and IL-18 plasma levels were quantified with ELISA.
Results: WD-fed mice had worsened isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and myocardial performance index (MPI), indicating cardiac dysfunction. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.5mg/kg IL-18BP for two weeks, significantly improved both IVRT and MPI.
Conclusions: IL-18BP treatment improves cardiac function in a model of WD-induced cardiomyopathy.
2
Carvalho, George. "Studies on the inotropic effect of insulin and glucose : a new diet for the ischemic heart?" Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101840.
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The present project investigated the effect of glucose, high dose insulin and normoglycemia (GIN) therapy in patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery. A reduction in myocardial injury as measured by cardiac troponin I was the primary end point. Cardiac function based on hemodynamics and vasoactive drug requirements as well as clinical outcome were evaluated. Hormones and metabolites and cardiac metabolism were investigated concurrently as potential mechanisms of GIN therapy. The major findings of the present study are that GIN therapy reduced post-operative myocardial injury and myocardial dysfunction leading to a decrease in major complications following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. The mechanism of the overall improvement in cardiac function and decreased morbidity following CABG with GIN therapy is likely to be multi-factorial, but from the present results, is influenced by improved myocardial metabolism. GIN therapy is thus an effective diet for the ischemic heart.
3
麥丹 and Dan Karen Mai. "Effect of green tea on diet-induced obesity in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970059.
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Poirier, Denise Marie. "Nutrient absorption from liquid therapeutic diets in an animal model." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61694.
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5
Kendig, Eric Lee. "Oxidative stress and inflammation as therapeutic targets of high-fat diet-induced metabolic diseases." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242844513.
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Tshidino, Shonisani Cathphonia. "Efficacy of two medical plant extracts and metformin in the prevention of diet induced fatty liver." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9066.
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Non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is manifested in the absent of alcohol abuse. This disease is the major cause of liver failure and death among adults and children worldwide, including South Africa. Its increasing prevalence urges the need of therapeutic intervention. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the following: (1) The effect of 38.9% high fat diet (HFD)‐induced insulin resistance and fatty liver in male Wistar rats, (2) The efficacy of aqueous extracts from Sutherlandia frutescens leaves and Prunus africana bark and metformin in the treatment of HFDinduced insulin resistance and fatty liver. Male Wistar rats were fed on HFD (the HF group) or normal rat chow (the LF group) for 12 weeks. Even though the HFD‐fed rats had developed insulin resistance by week 12, fatty liver developed by week 16. After week 12, the HF group was divided into four groups of 6‐7 rats each and three of those groups were gavaged with either 0.125 mg P. africana extract/kg bwt/day (the HF+Pa group) or 50 mg S. frutescens extract kg bwt/day (the HF+Sf group) or 16 mg metformin/ kg bwt/day (HF+Met group), while kept on the same diet for an additional of 4 weeks, to investigate whether two medicinal plant extracts and metformin can prevent HFD to induce fatty liver or not. After 16 weeks, the liver histological images revealed that the HF group developed fatty liver in the form of both microsteatosis and macrosteatosis. Fatty liver was confirmed by significant increased liver total lipid (TL) and activities of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (cG6PD) and xanthine oxidase (XO), mitochondrial NADH oxidase (mNOX) and by a decrease (P<0.05) in the activities of the homogenate superoxide dismutase (hSOD) and mitochondrial complex II in the HF group, when compared to the LF group. Since the activities of mCS and cACL enzymes were not changed in the HF group, hence increased cG6PD activity in the HF group indicates that there was increased NADPH demand for lipid accumulation from activated NEFAs taken up by the liver from circulation and for maintenance of the NADPH‐dependent antioxidants and oxidants, respectively. The obtained data also show that mitochondria of the HFD‐fed rats adapted to an increase in energy availability, thereby compensation through decreasing complex II activity, to allow electron flux from β‐oxidation to respiratory chain in the HF group. Liver TL content was significantly decreased in the rats treated with metformin and P. africana extract, but not in the rats treated with S. frutescens when compared to the HF group (P < 0.05). However, the TL content remained >5% per liver weight in all treated groups. The present study demonstrates that these two plant extracts and metformin have different glucogenic and lipogenic effects from that presented by HFD alone when compared to the LFD alone. In conclusion, metformin and P. africana extract can attenuate HFD‐induced fatty liver without changing the dietary habits. Hence S. frutescens extract is less effective in the prevention of HFD‐induced fatty liver. A change in the dietary habits is recommended to be considered during the use of these three remedies in the treatment of HFD‐induced insulin resistance and fatty liver. All three treatments enhanced antioxidant capacity, and may improve insulin resistance and fatty liver mediated by the present HFD through different mechanism of actions in the liver.
7
Thomazella, Maria Cristina Dias. "Efeito da dieta tipo Mediterrânea na função endotelial e inflamação da aterosclerose: estudo comparativo com a dieta TLC (\"Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes\", no NCEP-ATPIII)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-24062010-143245/.
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A dieta Mediterrânea (DM) tem sido amplamente estudada do ponto de vista epidemiológico porém, o efeito pleno específico da DM, bem como os mecanismos pelos quais esse padrão dietético contribui para redução do risco cardiovascular em prevenção secundária, são desconhecidos. Isso ocorre, em parte, devido à dificuldade de aderência observada em ensaios clínicos de intervenção dietética, especialmente estudos comparativos com dietas hipolipemiantes, por exemplo, a dieta TLC, Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet (TLCD) do National Cholesterol Education Program-ATPIII. Assim, realizamos um estudo clínico, controlado, não randomizado, comparando o perfil de risco cardiovascular de dieta Mediterrânea (DM) versus dieta TLC (DTLC) em 40 pacientes com doença arterial coronariana, homogeneamente selecionados (45-65 anos de idade, homens, que tiveram ao menos um evento coronariano nos 2 últimos anos) e intensamente medicados. Uma questão paralela foi entender os efeitos de ambas as dietas nos processos de inflamação, disfunção endotelial e do estresse oxidativo, fatores-chave na aterogênese e particularmente importantes na prevenção secundária. Os hábitos culturais e dietéticos foram relevantes para alocação dos pacientes nos grupos de dieta Mediterrânea (n = 21; dieta rica em grãos integrais, vegetais, frutas, oleaginosas 10 g/dia, azeite de oliva extra-virgem 30 g/dia e vinho tinto 250 ml/dia) ou dieta TLC (n = 19; suplementada com fitosteróis 2g/dia através de creme vegetal 20 g/dia). Escores de aderência validados na literatura e específicos às dietas mostraram resultado > 90% no índice de aderência aos dois padrões dietéticos. Alguns efeitos foram comuns à dieta Mediterrânea e à dieta TLC. Com ambas, houve redução significativa de peso, índice de massa corporal (kg/m²), variáveis de composição corporal e pressão arterial. Além disso, ambas as dietas promoveram redução dos níveis plasmáticos de ADMA e da relação L-arginina/ADMA. A reatividade da artéria braquial dependente do endotélio permaneceu inalterada em ambos os grupos; no entanto, pacientes sob DM e sob DTLC melhoraram a velocidade de fluxo no momento basal (pré-hiperemia vascular). Outros efeitos foram específicos a cada padrão dietético. Com a DM, foram observados diminuição na contagem total de leucócitos versus DTLC (p =0.025) e aumento nos níveis de HDL-colesterol em 3 mg/dL (p = 0.053) versus DTLC, que mantiveram níveis de HDL-C inalterados. O diâmetro basal da artéria braquial aumentou com a DM, mas não com a DTLC. Com a DTLC, houve redução estatisticamente significante versus DM nas variáveis lipídicas colesterol total, LDL-colesterol (p < 0.05) e LDL oxidada (p = 0.009), embora a razão LDL oxidada/LDL total não tenha se alterado. Níveis séricos/plasmáticos de apolipoproteína A-1, lipoproteína(a), glicose, mieloperoxidase, sICAM, sVCAM, e as razões glutationa reduzida/oxidada em plasma e eritrócitos não se alteraram em ambos os grupos. Em conjunto, estes dados indicam um perfil de efeitos da DM e DTLC compatíveis com redução do risco cardiovascular, mesmo em pacientes intensamente medicados, em prevenção secundária. Embora estes efeitos tenham sido equivalentes entre DM e DTLC, eles parecem ser mediados tanto por alguns mecanismos comuns, como alguns mecanismos específicos de cada dietaThe Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been widely studied with respect to epidemiology, but mechanisms whereby the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is cardioprotective are unclear. This is partly because of the difficulties of adherence in clinical trials of dietary intervention, particularly trials comparing it to traditional lipid-restraining diets, e.g., Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet (TLCD) from National Cholesterol Education Program ATPIII. We performed a controlled, non-randomized clinical trial comparing the cardiovascular risk profile of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) versus the TLC Diet (TLCD) in 40 selected, highly-homogeneous, and intensively medicated patients with coronary heart disease (45-65 years, males, at least one coronary event over prior 2 years). In addition, we sought to investigate both diets effects on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, all key factors in atherogenesis and particularly important in secondary prevention. Dietary/cultural habits were the basis to allocate patients for 3 months to either MD (n = 21; rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts 10g/day, extra-virgin olive oil 30g/day, red wine 250ml/day) or TLCD (n = 19; plus phytosterols 2g/day). Specific scores showed that both diets had >90% adherence. Some effects were common to both diets. Patients in both groups showed a significant reduction in weight, body mass index, body composition and blood pressure. Also, both groups presented a reduction in plasma levels of ADMA and L-arginine/ADMA ratio. Endothelial-dependent brachial artery reactivity remained unaltered in both groups. However, patients under MD and TLCD improved flow velocity at baseline (prior to hyperemia). Nevertheless, other effects were specific to each diet. With MD, there was significant decrease in leukocyte count vs. TLCD (p = 0.03) and average increase in HDL-cholesterol by 3 mg/dL (p = 0.053) versus TLCD. The brachial arterials basal diameter increased with MD but not with TLCD. However, with TLCD there was a statistically significant reduction of lipid variables: total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) and oxidized LDL (p = 0.009) vs. MD even though the ratio of oxidized / total LDL remained unaltered. Plasma and serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1, lipoprotein(a), glucose, myeloperoxidase, sICAM, sVCAM, and glutathione reduced/oxidized ratio in plasma and erithrocytes also remained unaltered in both groups. Together, these results demonstrate a pattern of effects of MD and TLCD compatible with cardiovascular risk reduction, in secondary prevention, even in intensely medicated patients. Although these effects were equivalent between MD and TLCD, they seem to be mediated by some common mechanisms, as well as by each diets specific mechanisms
8
Li, Shiying, and 李诗盈. "Maternal green tea epigallocatechin gallate supplementation counteracts high-fat diet-induced metabolic derangements in dams andtheir male offspring: a programming effect." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47156132.
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The overall objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that through developmental programming maternal overnutrition-induced metabolic derangements in the offspring could be offset by supplementing the maternal diet with green tea epigallocatechin gallate (GTEG).
The obesogenic diet was a high-fat (HF, 30%) diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the HF, low-fat (LF, 7%) or HF diet containing 0.75% or 1.0% GTEG (GT1, GT2) from before conception and throughout gestation and lactation. Both doses of GTEG significantly improved metabolic control of the HF-fed lactating dams. The weaned male pups received the HF, GT1 or GT2 diet forming 6 dam/pup groups: LF/HF, HF/HF, HF/GT1, HF/GT2, GT1/HF and GT2/HF. At wk 13 they had similar weight but insulin resistance index (IRI), serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and liver triglyceride of rats born to GTEG dams was 57, 23 and 26% lower and accompanied by improved gene/protein expressions related to lipid and glucose metabolism compared to HF/HF rats (P < 0.05). Although the HF/GT1 and HF/GT2 rats had lower serum NEFA, their serum insulin and IRI remained comparable with the HF/HF rats.
To determine if there is a critical time period for the actions of GTEG, in the second experiment female rats were fed the LF, HF, or GT1 diet prior to conception and throughout gestation. During lactation, half of the dams had their diet switched from HF to GT1 and vice versa. Pups were weaned to the HF or LF diet, forming the LF/LF/LF, LF/LF/HF, HF/HF/LF, HF/HF/HF, HF/GT1/LF, HF/GT1/HF, GT1/GT1/LF, GT1/GT1/HF, GT1/HF/LF and GT1/HF/HF groups. Metabolic controls of dams given GT1 during gestation or lactation were improved compared with the HF/HF dams (P < 0.05). Three-way ANOVA revealed that 22 wk old offspring born to dams fed the HF diet during gestation had higher serum and muscle triglyceride (TG) concentration and lower ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) (P < 0.05), all of which were reversed by supplementing GT1 to the gestational diet. Oral glucose tolerance at wk 15 was improved in those offspring born to dams given GT1 supplementation during lactation (P < 0.05). The increased serum NEFA concentration and IRI in offspring of dams fed the HF diet during gestation or lactation were reversible upon GT1 supplementation during either time period (P < 0.05). These rats (HF/GT1/HF, GT1/GT1/HF and GT1/HF/HF) had similar level of hepatic insulin receptor gene expression as well as protein abundance for muscle glucose transporter 4 and hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c but lower protein mass for hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (P < 0.05) compared with the LF/LF/HF rats.
Hence, maternal overnutrition-induced metabolic derangements in male offspring are reversible through supplementing GTEG to the maternal diet during gestation or lactation and this approach is more effective than giving GTEG to offspring born to overnourished mothers. Offspring metabolism could be programmed via manipulations of the maternal diet.published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
9
Chan, Hiu-ting, and 陳曉庭. "The effect of diet intake on vascular function and therapeutic effect of cardiovascular medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434342.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Hong Kong and worldwide. Among different modifiable risk factors, dietary pattern is on the major determinant for CVD and overall mortality. Other than pharmacological therapies for cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, maintaining a healthy diet is a more sustainable method in general population to prevent CVDs. Current lifestyle intervention in the West countries focus on high intake of fruit and vegetables with more than 400g per day and limited saturated fats with less than 10% of energy, there is very limited data on impact of dietary pattern on CVDs in Chinese. Prior studies among Chinese in Hong Kong have shown that only half of the local population fell within these recommended ranges for fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intakes.
Several different dietary patterns have been recommended for CVDs prevention based on: i) food groups, such as Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet; ii) macronutrients: the low-carbohydrate diet, low glycemic index diet, very-low- fat diet and iii) nutrition or vitamin supplement. However, the effect of different dietary patterns based on modulations of food group, macronutrients and particular micronutrients on vascular structure and function in Chinese subjects is unclear. In the first part of this thesis, the relationships between different dietary pattern and surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular function in different high risk populations for CVDs were investigated.
In Chapter 3, we compared the assessment of dietary pattern in Chinese using different tool, including Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ); Dietary Record; and Dietitian assessment. In this study, we demonstrated that suitable dietary assessments tools should be chosen for the assessment of different dietary pattern, according to characteristics of assessments.
In Chapter 4, the relationship between the fruit intake and subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by carotid intimal thickness (IMT) was investigated in patient with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Our results showed that high fruit intake was associated with lower burden of carotid atherosclerosis, independent of level of vitamin intake in patients with type II DM.
In Chapter 5, we compared the impact of high carbohydrate diet on arterial stiffness between control subjects without CVDs and patients with high risk for CVDs. Our findings showed that high carbohydrate diet mainly affected patients with established CVDs, and their increased arterial stiffness was associated with an elevation of blood pressure.
In Chapter 6, we determined the effect of dietary vitamin intake on oxidative stress in patients with high risk of CVDs. In those high risk patients for CVDs, we demonstrated that increased dietary intake of vitamin A, beta-carotene and alpha tocopherol were associated with decreased oxidative stress, but these relationships were not observed in those control subjects without CVDs. It is likely attributed to the higher systemic oxidative stress levels in patients with high risk of CVDs.
On the other hand, food intake may also affect the clinical efficacy of cardiovascular therapies. In particularly, it has been well established that herbal intake which is commonly used by Chinese can affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin on patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, in this second part of the thesis, we investigated the effect of concomitant herbal intake on anticoagulation control in patients with non-valvular AF treated with warfarin. Our results showed that patients with AF treated with warfarin had limited knowledge on potential interaction between herbal substances in foods and warfarin, in which increased herbal substances intake significantly reduced the percentage time of anticoagulant effect within the therapeutic range. Moreover, a single section of education on knowledge of herbal ingredients did not improve their percentage time of therapeutic range for these patients.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary pattern in Chinese might have significant impact of vascular function in patients with type II DM and high risk for CVDs. Moreover, the herbal substances in the diet among Chinese could have significant impact of the therapeutic effects in some of the cardiovascular medications, such as warfarin. Future clinical studies will be needed to confirm these potential beneficial effects of particular diet intake on vascular function in patients with high risks of CVDs as well as potential interaction between herbal substances in Chinese diet and cardiovascular medications.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
10
Ching, Hiu-ha, and 程曉霞. "Maternal bitter melon supplementation reduces the risk for metabolic defects later in life: effects on lipidhandling, oxidative stress and inflammation in offspring born to damsfed a high fructose diet." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752555.
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The relationship between fructose consumption and metabolic
diseases has drawn substantial attention in recent years. Dietary fructose
consumption has climbed dramatically in the past 40 years, and this trend
coincides with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide. In
rodents, maternal obesogenic diets are associated with higher risks of
metabolic derangement later in life whereas bitter melon (BM)
supplementation has been shown to improve blood glucose and lipid
profiles. The overall objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that
through developmental programming metabolic derangement in offspring
born to rat dams fed a high-fructose (F) diet could be offset by the addition
of BM to the maternal diet.
Virgin female rats received a control (C), F (60%) or BM-supplemented
F (FBM,1%) diet 8 weeks before conception and throughout gestation and
lactation. Weaned male offspring consumed C diet (C/C,F/C,FBM/C) for 11
weeks. The concentrations of serum insulin, triglyceride, free fatty acid
(FFA), and hepatic lipids in FBM/C offspring matched that in C/C offspring
and were significantly lower than F/C offspring. These phenotypic changes
were accompanied with suppressed hepatic lipogenic gene expression but
enhanced expression of lipid oxidation-related genes.
In the second experiment, we extended the earlier findings by
examining whether adding BM to F-fed dams would still benefit offspring if
they continued to consume the F diet postweaning. This simulates the
scenario in affluent societies where fructose overconsumption may occur in
two consecutive generations. The dose-response effect of BM at doses of
0.85% (FBM1) and 1% (FBM2) was also examined. Male offspring born to
dams fed the C, F, FBM1 or FBM2 diet were weaned to C or F diet
(C/C,C/F,F/F,FBM1/F,FBM2/F) for 20 weeks. BM normalized the serum
FFA elevation observed in F/F offspring, although hyperinsulinemia
remained in FBM1/F and FBM2/F offspring. The altered liver lipid profile
and its molecular changes observed in F/F offspring were ameliorated by
maternal BM supplementation. Lower adipose expression of
mesoderm-specific transcript, hormone sensitive lipase, sterol regulatory
element-binding transcription factor 1, and peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and PPARγ-target genes in
FBM1/F and FBM2/F offspring indicated that BM could reduce adipocyte
size as well as lower lipolysis and lipogenesis.
Since FFA stimulates reactive oxygen species generation that
enhances cellular stress, oxidative stress and inflammation in offspring of
two-generation F exposure with or without maternal BM supplementation
were examined. FBM1/F and FBM2/F offspring showed reduced lipid
peroxidation but enhanced antioxidant capacity in the liver. BM suppressed
the expression of proinflammatory genes and phosphorylation of c-Jun
amino terminal kinase1, as well as promoted insulin receptor substrate 1
protein expression. These BM-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
effects may be associated with a reduction of circulating FFA.
Taken together, the data support the concept of developmental
programming as maternal fructose clearly induced dyslipidemia, adipocyte
dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in offspring. That these
abnormalities were largely reversed by adding BM to the maternal diet
suggests that perinatal BFC supplementation could alter the course of
maternal malnutrition-induced metabolic defects later in life.published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
11
Lam, Chun-yip, and 林駿業. "Programming effects on lipid metabolism, oxidative status and inflammation in the heart of offspring born to high : fat diet fed dams with or without green tea supplementation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196089.
Full textAbstract:
Risks of metabolic syndrome including cardiovascular disease and diabetes are significantly affected by maternal nutrition. This concept of developmental programming had been investigated in our laboratory and in an earlier study, it was established that maternal high-fat diet predisposed rat offspring to insulin resistance and higher triglyceride in serum, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These abnormalities, however, were ameliorated by supplementing green tea extract to dam’s diet throughout gestation and lactation. The overall objective of this thesis was to examine lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in heart of offspring born to dams receiving high-fat diet with or without green tea supplementation during pregnancy and lactation.
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an obesogenic diet which was a high-fat diet (HF,30%), low-fat diet (LF,7%) or HF diet containing 0.75% green tea extract prior to conception and throughout gestation. During lactation, half of the dams had their diet switched from HF to GT and vice versa. Pups were weaned to the HF or LF diet, forming 10 offspring groups (gestation/lactation/postweaning): LF/LF/LF, LF/LF/HF, HF/HF/LF, HF/HF/HF, HF/GT/LF, HF/GT/HF, GT/GT/LF, GT/GT/HF, GT/HF/LF and GT/HF/HF. Except a larger fibrotic area, maternal HF diet did not affect lipid accumulation, oxidative status and inflammatory response in the heart of offspring. Analysis of variance revealed different, and even opposite, effects of GT supplementation during gestation and lactation. In offspring born to dams receiving GT supplementation during gestation, they had suppressed fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and higher triglyceride (TG) level in the heart. In contrast, when GT was supplemented to dams during lactation, offspring had elevated heart TG, cholesterol and free fatty acid levels but up-regulated FAO. Since FAO is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, modulation of FAO is believed to affect cellular stress responses in heart. Consistent with FAO, cardiac stress, apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), bcl 2 associated-x (bax) and interleukin-1β (IL1b) were down-regulated in offspring born to dams given GT during gestation, whereas GT supplementation during lactation increased the expression of pro-apoptotic markers: bax and caspase-3 (Cas3) concurrent with activation of antioxidant defense system: catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as adaptive mechanism against increased ROS. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP 2) and subsequent higher bcl 2 /bax ratio has been reported to stimulate apoptosis. In agreement with this, mRNA expression of BNP, bax and Cas3 were found to correlate with that of UCP 2. This suggests UCP 2may play an important role in apoptosis under the impact of maternal GT supplementation. The present data suggest that the effect of maternal high-fat diet is organ specific causing apparently lesser damage to the heart. When GT is given in conjunction with a high-fat diet to dams during gestation, there is no clear cut advantage to the offspring. However, potential adverse effects could not be ruled out when GT is supplemented to dams during lactation possibly due to higher catechin exposure via milk. Future study should focus on establishing the benefits and safety use of GT during gestation.published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
12
Saugur, Anusooya. "Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus : a pharmacoepidemiological review." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1635.
Full textAbstract:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease characterised by hyperglycaemia caused by defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. In early stages of type 2 DM, dietary and lifestyle changes are often sufficient to control blood glucose levels. However, over time, many patients experience β cell dysfunction and require insulin therapy, either alone or in combination with oral agents. There are guidelines available to structure the management of this disease state, including both the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents and or insulin. Besides health complications, there are economic burdens associated with the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the management of type 2 DM in a South African sample group of patients drawn from a large medical aid database. The objectives of the study were: to establish the prevalence of type 2 DM relative to age, examine the nature of chronic comorbid disease states, establish trends in the prescribing of insulin relative to other oral hypoglycaemic agents, investigate cost implications, and determine trends in the use of blood and urine monitoring materials by patients. The study was quantitative and retrospective and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. DM was found to be most prevalent amongst patients between 50 and 59 years old. Results also demonstrated that 83% of DM patients also suffered from other chronic comorbid diseases, with cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia being the most prominent. This study also revealed that DM is predominantly managed with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Changes in drug prescribing, for chronic disease states such as DM may have medical, social and economic implications both for individual patients and for society and it is envisaged that the results of this study can be used to influence future management of DM. Keywords: Pharmacoepidemiology, management, type 2 diabetes mellitus
13
Bosch, Queralt Mar [Verfasser], and Mikael [Akademischer Betreuer] Simons. "Diet-dependent regulation of TGFβ impairs reparative innate immune responses after demyelination : investigating a therapeutic approach to enhance remyelination / Mar Bosch Queralt ; Betreuer: Mikael Simons." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1241963541/34.
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14
De, Giorgio Maria Rita. "IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL SIGNALS REGULATING FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND ENERGY BALANCE. Evidences indicating TFF2 as a novel potential therapeutic target for diet-induced obesity treatment." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29006/29006.pdf.
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De, Giorgio Maria Rita. "Identification and charcterization of novel signals regulating feeding behavior and energy balance : evidences indicating TFF2 as a novel potential therapeutic target for diet-induced obesity treatment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23739.
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La recherche dans le domaine de l'obésité a énormément progressé pendant les dernières décennies et a apporté une contribution fondamentale à la compréhension des mécanismes biologiques et physiologiques impliqués, de même que leurs interactions avec l'environnement obésogène. Les études génétiques et génomiques ont mis en évidence les traits héréditaires majeurs qui peuvent causer ou prédisposer à l'accumulation excessive de gras corporel et ils ont stimulé la caractérisation de nombreux gènes codant pour des protéines impliquées dans la physiologie du bilan énergétique. Malgré le progrès considérable des connaissances, les pharmacotherapies actuelles ne démontrent pas d'effets suffisamment efficaces sur la perte persistante de poids, et sont souvent suivies par des effets secondaires importants. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a comme objectif principal d'identifier et de caractériser de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour le traitement et la prévention de l'obésité et des maladies métaboliques associées. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons concentré nos études sur les mécanismes précoces régulant la prise alimentaire et le métabolisme énergétique. Nous nous sommes premièrement intéressés aux changements métaboliques précoces qui surviennent avec la menopause et qui peuvent prédisposer au développement de l'obésité. Nous avons ainsi analysé les effets aigus de la prévalence androgénique sur l'expression génique du tissu adipeux rétro-péritonéal, chez un modèle murin de menopause. Nos résultats démontrent qu'une seule injection de dihydrotestostérone induit des changements significatifs dans le profil transcriptionnel du tissu adipeux. Enfin, l'expression augmentée de plusieurs transcrits myogéniques dans ce tissu témoigne de sa plasticité exceptionnelle, une qualité qui pourrait être exploitée à des fins thérapeutiques. Nous avons ensuite analysé les effets rapides que la consommation de repas à haute teneur lipidique cause sur la perception de la satiété chez la souris. Selon plusieurs évidences, obtenues chez des sujets humains de même que chez des modèles animaux, les repas riches en gras ont des effets réduits et retardés sur la perception de la satiété, comparativement aux glucides ou aux protéines. Ils peuvent donc favoriser la surconsommation passive d'énergie et, à long terme, l'accumulation de poids corporel. Nous avons utilisé la méthode de l'analyse sérielle de l'expression génique (SAGE) et étudié les changements transcriptionnels induits par un seul repas dans des tissus clés de la souris, comme l'estomac et l'hypothalamus. Nous avons ainsi identifié plusieurs nouveaux transcrits qui avaient été spécifiquement et rapidement régulés par le repas riche en gras. Un certain nombre de ces gènes a été sélectionné pour caractériser ultérieurement leur potentiel dans le développement de l'obésité induite par la diète (OID). Cette thèse présente la première caractérisation in vivo des rôles du gène trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) dans la régulation du bilan énergétique et l'OID. Chez les souris, la déficience du gène Tff2 a altéré significativement le comportement alimentaire, ainsi que la prise énergétique et la dépense d'énergie après douze semaines de diète riche en gras. En conclusion, les souris Tff2 KO étaient moins efficaces dans l'accumulation de l'énergie ingérée et, par conséquent, plus résistantes à l'OID par rapport aux souris normales. Les résultats obtenus dévoilent des rôles totalement nouveaux pour Tff2 et indiquent pour la première fois son implication dans la régulation du bilan énergétique. Les évidences ici décrites suggèrent que Tff2 pourrait être une cible optimale pour la conception de molécules pharmacologiques, qui contrôleraient simultanément plusieurs points critiques pour la régulation du poids corporel et le traitement de l'obésité.
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Maragkoudaki, Xanthi. "The effect of diet-induced maternal obesity on offspring energy balance in a murine model and the therapeutic potential of a maternal dietary intervention with a fibre supplement." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-dietinduced-maternal-obesity-on-offspring-energy-balance-in-a-murine-model-and-the-therapeutic-potential-of-a-maternal-dietary-intervention-with-a-fibre-supplement(f7a6a551-dc85-4fa1-8c30-cd837144598b).html.
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Introduction: Obesity now affects nearly 1 in 3 adults in the UK. It is estimated that 20% of pregnant women are obese. Increasing evidence associate obesity in pregnancy with susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome in the child. Here an established mouse model of maternal obesity was employed to investigate energy balance and glucose metabolism in the offspring. Polydextrose (PDX) has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and, therefore may be beneficial in obese pregnancy. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that (a) maternal obesity has adverse effects on offspring energy balance and glucose metabolism and that (b) these adverse effects will be prevented by supplementation of the maternal diet with PDX during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it was investigated whether PDX supplementation in obese pregnancy is protective against the adverse influences of an obesogenic dietary exposure in adulthood. Methods: Female mice were fed a control or an obesogenic diet, 6-weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. A cohort of the obese dams was assigned to supplementation with 5% PDX in pregnancy and lactation. Maternal profiles were assessed during pregnancy. At 3 and 6-months of age offspring energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) were measured by indirect calorimetry and glucose-tolerance-tests were performed. At 3-months the animals were challenged for 3-weeks with an obesogenic diet before re-estimation of EI, EE, and RER. Microbiota composition, mitochondria copy number and UCP gene expression was assessed as potential underlying mechanisms. Results: Maternal supplementation with PDX improved reproductive success, increased water intake and decreased markers of inflammation during gestation in the dams. At 3 months of age, offspring of obese dams (OffOb) metabolic parameters did not differ from offspring of control dams (OffCon). At 6 months OffOb were heavier (P<0.01), had lower RER (P<0.05) and lower EE (P<0.001) compared to OffCon. OffOb had impaired glucose metabolism compared to OffCon (P<0.05). Maternal supplementation with PDX prevented these defects. Following 3-weeks obesogenic dietary challenge OffObs demonstrated hyperphagia, decreased EE (P<0.05) and subsequently greater weight gain compared to controls (P<0.05), which were prevented by maternal PDX supplementation. Maternal obesity resulted in decreased mitochondria copy number at 30 days of age and altered microbiota composition at 6 months of age, which may mediate the changes observed later in life. Maternal supplementation with PDX, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the number of beneficial microbiota and the expression of UCP1 and 3 genes. Conclusions: Maternal obesity adversely influences offspring energy balance, which is prevented by maternal intervention with PDX. PDX may, therefore, provide a potential therapeutic intervention in preventing the transgenerational acceleration of obesity.
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Halliwell, Celeste, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Dietary choline and vitamin/mineral supplement for recovery from early cortical injury." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/222.
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Early cortical injury has been attributed to the consequential effects of various factors, such as alcohol, drug addiction, smoking, and inadequate nutrient intakes during periods of pregnancy and lactation, or delivery of infants by forceps, and premature deliveries. These are only a few examples of circumstances, or "injury", that may result in disorders ranging from mild learning difficulties to aggressive behaviour. Injury to the cortex during the early years of development has been know to result in poor behavioural outcome into adulthood. Presently, the most common form of treatment includes a pharmacological agent, which may be accompanied with behavioral modification therapies supported by families. As an alternative form of therapy towards the treatment of early cortical injury, choline and a vitamin and mineral supplement (EM Power+) were used to determine the possibilities of nutrition intervention in an animal model. The injuries were incurred by aspiration lesion at days three, (Exp.1) and four, (Exp.2) and lesions were localized to the midline medial frontal cortex in some rats, while a different group of rats received lesions in the posterior parietal cortex. The pre-and postnatal choline treated animals showed favorable results for the medial frontal lesions, and the postnatal vitamin supplement treated animals showed favorable results for treatment in both medial frontal and posterior parietal lesions. All animals were tested in adulthood indicating that nutrition intervention is very beneficial for alleviating some of the functional deficits commonly seen from early cortical injury.xiv, 191 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Dickens, Emma. "A portfolio of academic, therapeutic practice and research work : including an investigation of : the role of parental control, modelling and adolescent autonomy in predicting an adolescent's diet and eating behaviour after leaving home." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600020.
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This portfolio encompasses a compilation of work that I submitted as part of my Doctorate in Psychotherapeutic and Counselling psychology. It is divided into three dossiers which, combined, demonstrate my varied interests, learning and understanding, and my personal and professional development as a counselling psychologist. The academic dossier contains a selection of three essays. The first explores the dangers of unconscious countertransference associated with play therapy. The second discusses whether we, as counselling psychologists, can incorporate our understanding and use of the therapeutic relationship when working with clients within a Cognitive-behavioural (CBT) framework. The third discusses the cognitive approach to working with psychosis. My therapeutic dossier includes a description of my four placements through my training as well as my final clinical paper; this portrays my journey from the naive young girl I was when I started this course, through my personal and professional development, to the counselling psychologist I have become. Finally, my research dossier comprises my literature review and two empirical research pieces. My literature review explored the effect of parental styles and parental control on adolescents' relationship with food, alcohol and drugs; drawing from the findings of this review combined with my personal interests, research questions were established for my research. My first empirical piece is a baseline study looking at the influence of parental control, modelling and adolescent autonomy on adolescents' diet and eating behaviour while they live at home. My second empirical piece is a longitudinal study looking at the influence of parental control, modelling and adolescent autonomy on adolescents' diet and eating behaviour after they left home.
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Mwanri, Lillian. "Impact of vitamin A and iron on anaemia and cognitive functioning of anaemic school children in Tanzania." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm994.pdf.
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Davies, Richard. "Effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors on hepatic progenitor cells and the pathologies of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0190.
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[Truncated abstract] Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major malignancy complicating chronic liver disease. New therapies for the prevention of HCC are required due to the limited success and high tumour recurrence rates of existing treatments. Emerging evidence suggests that HCC arise from the transformation of adult liver progenitor cells (LPCs), which have the capacity to differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary cells during liver regeneration. LPC activation precedes neoplasia in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. LPCs share antigenic epitopes with HCCs, including α-fetoprotein (AFP) and M2- pyruvate kinase (M2PK). In animal models of hepatocarcinogenesis, attenuation of the LPC response reduces the incidence of HCC following prolonged liver injury via a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) dependent mechanism. As TNF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, these data suggest that anti-inflammatory agents may be effective in inhibiting LPC activation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that mediates the production of many prostaglandins during inflammation and carcinogenesis. Recent investigations show that the administration of selective COX-2 inhibitors (SC2Is) may reduce the incidence of a variety of tumours including breast, colon and skin. The broad aim of this thesis was to conduct a series of detailed studies on the effects of a SC2I on LPC activation and the hepatic pathologies associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in order to test the hypothesis that S2CIs may be a beneficial therapy that can reduce liver injury and pre-neoplastic changes in the choline-deficient, ethionine supplemented (CDE) murine model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Administration of a SC2I (SC-236) significantly inhibited a variety of hepatic cell populations that expand during the first month of the CDE mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis (a choline deficient, ethionine supplemented diet). Numbers of M2PK-positive LPCs (which are more hepatocytic in morphology and are also COX-2 positive) and inflammatory cells were all significantly reduced by SC-236. In contrast, numbers of A6-positive LPCs (which are more biliary cell-like in morphology and do not express COX-2) were unchanged. ... In summary, these data suggest that COX-2 inhibitors such as SC-236 inhibit LPC activation and a variety of pre-neoplastic liver pathologies as a result of COX-2 dependent and independent mechanisms that may be mediated through inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, SC2Is may be useful as preventative treatment strategies for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Vieira, Cristiano Pedrozo 1986. "Efeito da nutrição terapêutica a base de Camellia sinensis (chá verde) e ração rica em glicina sobre a tendinite do tendão calcanear de rato = Effect of therapeutic nutrition on the basis of Camellia sinensis (green tea) and glycine-diet on the tendinitis of Achilles tendon of rats." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317356.
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Orientador: Edson Rosa PimentelTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T15:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_CristianoPedrozo_D.pdf: 3245048 bytes, checksum: 0556c35183a4503cef8427390d086781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Nutrição terapêutica é a administração de alguns nutrientes, em doses maiores que as necessidades alimentares diárias que podem prevenir deficiências orgânicas e atuar como agentes farmacológicos. A glicina apresenta amplos efeitos benéficos em processos inflamatórios e tumorais. O Chá verde feito de folhas e brotos da planta Camellia sinensis, é a segunda bebida mais consumida em todo mundo. O interesse econômico e social tem ganhado espaço no mercado e atualmente seu consumo faz parte da rotina diária de muitas pessoas que utilizam essa bebida como uma finalidade terapêutica. O Chá verde possui propriedades antimutagênicas, antidiabéticos, antiinflamatórias, antioxidante, antimicrobial e hipocolesterolêmica. A tendinite é reconhecidamente um problema clínico que motiva a comunidade científica a buscar tratamentos que auxiliem no restabelecimento das propriedades funcionais dos tendões. O presente estudo investigou o efeito do chá verde e ou da ração rica em glicina após 7 e 21 dias da indução da tendinite com colagenase. Ensaios bioquímicos, moleculares, morfológicos e biomecânicos foram desenvolvidos. Além disso, tenócitos em cultura foram tratados com glicina após inflamação induzida por TNF-?. Nossos ensaios in vivo mostraram altas concentrações de hidroxiprolina e glicosaminoglicanos no grupo glicina e chá em 21 dias de tratamento. Nos ensaios biomecânicos os grupos chá verde e dieta de glicina em 21 dias suportaram maiores cargas biomecânicas antes da ruptura. Além disso, uma melhor organização das fibras de colágeno foi observada no grupo chá verde em 7 dias. Análises bioquímicas e moleculares da junção miotendínosa mostraram que a inflamação instalada na região osteotendinea pode provocar alterações significativas nesse local. Marcantes alterações foram notadas nas metaloproteínases (MMP) tais como MMP-2, MMP-8 e MMP-9 em animais com tendinite tratados ou não com chá verde e glicina. No estudo in vitro, tenócitos extraídos a partir de tendão de Aquiles foram tratados com TNF-?, seguindo ou não de tratamento com glicina em meio de cultura. Antes e após 24 horas da inflamação foi adicionado glicina. Tenócitos inflamados e tratados com glicina mostraram expressão de colágeno tipo I próxima aos grupos tratados com glicina previamente e depois da inflamação quando comparado ao grupo controle. Todos os grupos tratados com glicina mostraram menor expressão de MMP-2. A atividade da MMP-9 foi alta apenas no grupo tratado com glicina em 48 horas. A concentração de ácido urônico foi menor no grupo tratado com glicina 24 horas após a inflamação. No ensaio de migração celular, resultados em 24 horas de tratamento foram similares ao grupo controle. Em geral, tanto a glicina quanto o chá verde influenciam na síntese dos componentes do tendão, melhoram a organizaçao das fibras colagênicas, aumentam a resistência a cargas do tendão inflamado e consequentemente aceleram o processo de remodelamento após indução da tendinite. Além disso, o tratamento com glicina em cultura de tenócitos mostrou uma reorganização eficiente da matriz extracelular, corroborando com os resultados encontrados in vivo
Abstract: Therapeutic nutrition is the administration of some nutrients, in higher doses than those recommended for the daily food needs that can prevent dysfunctions and act as pharmacological agents. Glycine has large beneficial effects in inflammatory and tumor processes. Green tea made from leaves and buds of the Camellia sinensis plant, is the second most consumed beverage in the world. The economic and social interest has gained space in the market and currently its consumption is part of the daily routine of many people who use this drink as a therapeutic purpose. Green tea has antimutagenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypocholesterolemic properties. Tendinitis is recognized as a clinical problem that motivates the scientific community to investigate treatments that help in restoring the functional properties of tendons. The present study investigated the effect of green tea and/or diet rich in glycine after 7 and 21 days of tendinitis collagenase-induced. Biochemical, molecular, morphological and biomechanical tests were developed. Furthermore, tenocytes in culture were treated with glycine after inflammation induced by TNF-?. Our tests in vivo showed high concentrations of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans in glycine and green tea group in 21 days of treatment. In biomechanical assay, green tea and glycine diet groups in 21 days showed a high biomechanical loads bore before rupture. In addition, better organization of collagen fibers was observed in green tea group in 7 days. Biochemical and molecular analyzes of myotendinous junction showed that the inflammation installed in osteotendinious region can cause significant change in that region. Remarkable changes were noted in metalloproteinases (MMP) such as MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in animals with tendinitis treated with or without glycine and green tea. In the in vitro study, tenocytes from Achilles tendon were treated with TNF-?, or not following treatment with glycine in the culture medium. Before and 24 hours after inflammation was added glycine. Tenocytes inflamed and treated with glycine showed expression of collagen type I close to the treated groups with glycine previously and after the inflammation when compared to the control group. All treated groups showed less glycine MMP-2 expression. The activity of MMP-9 was high only in the group treated with glycine for 48 hours. In the cell migration assay results in 24 hours of treatment were similar to the control group. In general, both glycine and green tea influenced the synthesis of the tendon components, improve the organization of the collagenous fibers, increase the load resistance of the inflamed tendon and consequently accelerate the remodeling process after inducing tendinitis. In addition, the treatment with glycine in tenocytes culture showed efficient reorganization of the extracellular matrix, confirming the results found in vivo
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Black, Connie Ray. "A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING LIBERALIZED DIETS AND THERAPEUTIC DIETS IN LONG-TERM-CARE RESIDENTS." MSSTATE, 2010. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03282010-180350/.
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The population of elderly people in the United States is predicted to increase in large numbers within the next few decades. Many of them will be admitted to long-term-care centers in the waning years of their lives. Health care professionals will need to be prepared for this influx of the elderly into these institutions and for their demands of improved quality of life in these centers. Unplanned weight loss has become one of the major predictors of mortality in long-term-care residents. The purpose of the study was to compare the use of liberalized diets with the traditional therapeutic diets long advocated in long-term-care facilities in the United States. The objectives were to conduct a randomized clinical trial with a treatment group (subjects who consumed liberalized diets) and a control group (subjects who continued with their usual therapeutic diets), and to compare outcomes between the two groups. The randomized clinical trial was conducted for 18 weeks from April to August 2009 at a long-term-care facility in rural North Mississippi. Twenty-two persons ranging in age from 54 to 100 years were approved by their physicians for participation in the trial. All of these persons participated and completed the trial. Eleven of the participants received their prescribed therapeutic diet and 11 participants received a liberalized diet for the length of the trial study. At the end of the study, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in mean body weights and laboratory values between the two groups. However, there was a trend of weight loss in the therapeutic diet group (mean weight loss of 2% (1.4 kg) during the 18-week trial), and although it was not significant (p>0.05), this supports the growing belief of those who advocate liberalized geriatric diets to improve quality of life and prevent unintentional weight loss. Participants in the liberalized diet group did not experience weight loss and gained 0.5 kg by the end of the study.
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Gonzi, Patricia K. "ASSESSMENT OF NURSING STAFFS’ SELF-REPORTED NUTRITION-RELATED EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE, AND ROLES IN FEEDING ASSISTANCE REGARDING THERAPEUTIC AND MODIFIED DIETS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397243329.
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Patton, Ashley. "Characterization of the Very Early Development of High Fat Diet-induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Efficacy of Novel Therapeutics for its Treatment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1521811677550828.
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Doudou, Halidou Maïmouna. "Impact d'une supplémentation en spiruline chez les enfants malnutris sévères dans le cadre de la réhabilitation nutritionnelle: esai clinique randomisé en double aveugle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210410.
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IntroductionPrès de 842 millions de personnes dans le monde sont toujours sous- alimentées ou exposées à une insécurité alimentaire chronique. Or une consommation insuffisante en protéines et en calories, ainsi que les carences en micronutriments ont un impact majeur sur la morbidité et la mortalité, en particulier chez les enfants. On estime qu’entre 2000 et 2005 le nombre d’enfants présentant une insuffisance pondérale a augmenté dans la plupart des régions d’Afrique sub saharienne, alors qu’il diminuait dans toutes les autres régions en développement. Il est plus que nécessaire de chercher des solutions efficaces et économiquement adaptées pour la prise en charge de la malnutrition.
De nos jours, plusieurs ONG et associations humanitaires proposent la spiruline, comme «une solution efficace et durable aux problèmes de la malnutrition» et encouragent les projets de culture artisanale de spiruline dans le monde et particulièrement les pays en développement comme le Niger. Les effets bénéfiques attribués à la spiruline comme complément alimentaire dans la récupération nutritionnelle sont multiples: elle est considérée comme une cyanobactérie, riche en protéines, en acide gras, en minéraux, en vitamines et contient de la chlorophylle, des fibres et un pigment bleu (la phycocyanine).
L'objectif général de notre travail est d’étudier l’impact de la supplémentation en spiruline chez des enfants en malnutrition sévère lors de la récupération nutritionnelle.
Méthodologie
Ce travail a regroupé quatre types d’études:
• Une revue secondaire sur les données nutritionnelles issues des enquêtes démographiques et de santé au Niger et certaines enquêtes et rapports ponctuels sur la nutrition afin de déterminer l'évolution de la prévalence de la malnutrition des enfants de moins de 5 ans et d'identifier les facteurs déterminants de cette malnutrition;
• Une revue systématique/meta analyse des études sur la supplementation en spiruline en milieu hospitalier pour évaluer dans quelle mesure la spiruline utilisée comment supplément alimentaire a un effet bénéfique sur la réhabilitation nutritionnelle;
• Une étude d’observation à visée descriptive et analytique dans deux centres de récupération nutritionnelle intensive (CRENI) en milieu hospitalier au Niger ;
• Un essai clinique randomisé en double aveugle dans trois centres de récupération nutritionnelle afin d’étudier l'impact de la supplémentation en spiruline sur la mortalité, la morbidité, les mesures anthropométriques et les mesures biologiques d'enfants en malnutrition sévère hospitalisés dans des CRENI au Niger.
Résultats
La revue des données existantes sur la nutrition au Niger a montré que la prévalence de l’émaciation (Z-score poids/taille <-2)) des enfants a dépassé depuis 1992 le seuil critique de 10% défini par l'OMS, avec stagnation entre 1998 et 2000 et légère augmentation entre 2004 et 2005. La prévalence du retard de croissance staturale (Z-score taille/âge <-2) était en augmentation depuis 1992. Les facteurs identifiés, favorisant la malnutrition des enfants sont multiples: le niveau socio-économique bas des parents, les caractéristiques des enfants (sexe masculin, âge plus élevé), les pratiques alimentaires (non allaitement), les morbidités et les aléas climatiques.
Dans les centres de récupération nutritionnelle intensive (CRENI), Le marasme était le type de malnutrition le plus fréquent (68,7%). La mortalité était de 14,5% et le modèle de régression logistique montrait que le risque de décès était plus élevé chez les enfants de moins d’un an [(OR ajusté (IC 95%): 2,8 (1,9 – 5,8)] et chez ceux de périmètre brachial < 11,5 cm [1,5 (1,7 – 4,0)]. Les résultats ont montré que quand l’âge de l’enfant augmentait, le Z-score taille/âge diminuait en moyenne alors que le Z-score poids/taille augmentait. L’augmentation du nombre d’hospitalisations antérieures était associée à une diminution des Z-scores taille/âge et poids/âge. On observait également que le Z-score poids/taille était significativement plus bas chez les garçons et chez les mères avec BMI de < 18,5 kg/m². La prise en charge médicale et diététique dans ces CRENI avait permis un gain de poids moyen de 12,9g/kg/j.
En se référant aux normes OMS, les apports énergétiques apportés par les aliments utilisés ne permettaient pas de couvrir les besoins des enfants en récupération. Les types d’aliments utilisés étaient le lait thérapeutique F100 et une farine de mil fabriqué localement « vitamil ».
La supplémentation en spiruline chez des sujets malnutris a été étudiée par certains auteurs.
La revue de 7 études (3 essais contrôlés randomisés et 4 essais non contrôlés) a permis de constater que la supplémentation en spiruline avait un effet positif sur un certain nombre de paramètres comme le poids, le périmètre brachial, la taille, l’albumine, le pré albumine, les protides et l’hémoglobine. Cependant, il faut noter que ces études n’avaient pas le même protocole et n’étaient pas homogènes, Une méta analyse ne permettait pas alors d’avoir des résultats fiables.
L’essai clinique randomisé en double aveugle de supplémentation en spiruline chez des enfants en malnutrition sévère a donné les résultats suivants :
La proportion de décès était de 8,5% dans le groupe spiruline et 13,5% dans le groupe placebo, mais la différence n'était pas significative (P = 0,12). Néanmoins la survie étaitµ meilleure dans le groupe spiruline et la durée de la diarrhée était significativement réduite par la supplémentation en spiruline.
La durée médiane d'hospitalisation était significativement inférieure dans le groupe spiruline: Med (min - max): 16 (8 - 51) par rapport au groupe placebo: Med (min - max): 23 (7 - 60) (P Log Rank < 0,001). La fonte des oedèmes était significativement plus rapide dans le groupe spiruline: Med (min - max): 5 (3 - 12) versus Med (min - max): 6 (1 - 21) dans le groupe placebo (P Log Rank = 0,05). Les effets de la suppléméntation en spiruline sont plus importants sur le gain pondéral moyen (p<0,001) et le gain en périmètre brachial (p<0,001) que sur le gain statural (NS).
L’effet de la spiruline semble être minime sur l’évolution du taux d’albumine (proportion d’enfants dont le taux s’était normalisé :15,7% groupe spiruline versus 11,2% groupe placebo (NS), mais plus efficace sur le taux des enfants ayant présenté des oedèmes à l’admission. L’évolution du taux d’hémoglobine était statistiquement meilleure dans le groupe spiruline (proportion d’enfants dont le taux s’était normalisé :44,9% versus 33,3% groupe placebo, P = 0,010) particulièrement chez les enfants de moins de 24 mois. Les gains d’albumine et d’hémoglobine n’étaient pas corrélés au gain du poids.
Cet essai a montré que les densités parasitaires (plasmoduim falciparum) sanguines à l’admission à J3 et à J7, ne différaient pas de façon significative entre le groupe spiruline et le groupe placebo. Les enfants admis avec toux et diarrhée guérissaient plus rapidement dans le groupe spiruline que dans le groupe placebo. Le gain de poids à la sortie d’hospitalisation était meilleur dans le groupe spiruline chez les enfants VIH positif. Le passage du taux de CD4 à une valeur &61619;500/mm³ à J56 était dans 43% des cas attribuable à la supplémentation en spiruline chez les enfants VIH positif (NS). Tous les enfants qui avaient un taux de CRP >20 mg/l à l’admission, avaient diminué leur taux (CRP &61603;&
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
26
McAdler, Marisa M. "The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status of Adult Women and Diet, Sun Exposure, Skin Reflectance, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1090.
Full textAbstract:
As the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency continues to grow, mounting evidence supporting its link with chronic disease strengthens suggesting vitamin D’s candidacy in the prevention and treatment of multiple disease states and their complications. Dietary guidelines, however, do not take sun exposure into account. The present study sought to explore the impact of sun exposure on vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D), and identify other significant determinants of serum levels which may have the greatest effects on overall health. Participants (n = 34) were pre-menopausal women aged 18 to 50 years (mean age 39 ± 6 years), who had their blood drawn at a local pathology lab and a follow-up appointment at a health assessment lab for the collection of other measurements. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 64 ± 18 nmol/L, and mean dietary vitamin D intake was approximately 327 ± 229 IU/day. Although 82% of participants were below the RDA guidelines (600 IU/day for females ages 9-50 years) for dietary vitamin D intake, only 32% had serum 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/L (the recommended level of sufficiency for bone health) reflecting deficiency. While serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly correlated to dietary vitamin D intake (r = 0.42, p = 0.0139), it is reasonable to assume that participants obtained adequate vitamin D from sun exposure. Fasting serum insulin levels were significantly, positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001), and sun exposure index (Body Surface Area x Minutes of Direct Sunlight) was significantly, positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels (fall weekend SEI: r = 0.47, p = 0.0059; spring weekend SEI: r = 0.43, p = 0.0135; average weekend SEI: r = 0.43, p = 0.013; and average overall SEI: r = 0.39, p = 0.0247). Reported sun exposure appeared to be least during winter weekdays and the most during summer weekends. Regression analysis was used to determine the strongest predictors of serum 25(OH)D levels, which were found to be sun exposure, dietary vitamin D intake, skin reflectance, age, BMI, and ethnicity (R2 = 0.58 , p = 0.0031), demonstrating that simple questionnaires, such as those employed in this study, can help to predict serum 25(OH)D status and thus be considered in the future treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
27
Guerrero, Pérez Mónica. "Factors predictius, pronòstics i resposta inflamatòria del fracàs de tractament a les Aguditzacions de la Malaltia Pulmonar Obstructiva Crònica (AMPOC) i del reingrés als 30 dies de l’alta hospitalària." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458992.
Full textAbstract:
Las agudizaciones de la EPOC (AEPOC) aceleran la pérdida progresiva de función pulmonar, reducen la actividad física, empeoran la calidad de vida y aumentan el riesgo de muerte. Se ha observado que ciertos pacientes con EPOC poseen una susceptibilidad específica a las agudizaciones, presentando episodios recurrentes de AEPOC. Aproximadamente el 20% de los pacientes con EPOC que ingresan en el hospital por AEPOC experimentan un reingreso hospitalario por agudización en el período de 30 días tras el alta hospitalaria. El objetivo de la tesis es describir los factores de riesgo y la respuesta inflamatoria para el fracaso de tratamiento en los pacientes con hospitalización de la EPOC y para el reingreso a los 30 dias, así como evaluar el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo.
En pacientes con EPOC agudizada ingresado en el hospital, la presencia de unos niveles elevados de PCR en sangre al ingreso y el uso de penicilinas y cefalosporinas, incrementan el riesgo de fracaso de tratamiento durante la hospitalización.
Por otro lado, unos niveles elevados de PCR al alta, la presencia de diabetes y el antecedente de 2 o más agudizaciones el año previo son factores de riesgo para el reingreso hospitalario durante los 30 días posteriores al alta. Además, los pacientes con reingreso precoz presentan un peor pronóstico a corto y largo plazo, con mayor número de reingresos hospitalarios y mayor mortalidad.Chronic exacerbations of COPD (COPD) accelerate the progressive loss of lung function, reduce physical activity, worsen quality of life and increase the risk of death. It has been observed that certain patients with COPD have a specific susceptibility to exacerbations, presenting recurrent episodes of COPD. Approximately 20% of patients with COPD admitted to hospital due to AEPOC are readmitted for a new exacerbation in the 30-day period after hospital discharge. The objective of our work is to describe the risk factors and the inflammatory response for treatment failure in patients with COPD hospitalization and for patients readmitted at 30 days after discharge, as well as to evaluate the short and long-term prognosis. In patients with exacerbated COPD admitted to hospital, the presence of high levels of CRP in serum at admission and the use of penicillins and cephalosporins, increase the risk of treatment failure during hospitalization. On the other hand, high levels of CRP at discharge, the presence of diabetes and the history of 2 or more exacerbations the previous year are risk factors for hospital readmission during the 30 days after discharge. In addition, patients with early readmission have a worse short- and long-term prognosis, with a higher number of hospital readmissions and higher mortality.
28
Möller, Jannalien Helena. "Bemagtiging van 'n brandslagoffer deur die Gestaltspelterapeutiese proses / Jannalien Helena Möller." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9794.
Full textAbstract:
The changed appearance as a result of burns for a child in middle childhood years has several implications in terms of its physical, emotional, and social development. It seems that the burnt child in middle childhood years can benefit from therapeutic assistance, and specifically, empowerment. As far as the researcher could determine, Gestalt play therapy has not yet been utilized for this purpose nor has there been research done in connection to this. For the purpose of this study, the value of the Gestalt play therapy process, as described by Oaklander, in empowering the burn victim in the middle childhood years is explored and described.
Consultations with experts as well as a literature review was undertaken in order to obtain background information about the Gestalt play therapy process, with specific reference to the empowerment aspect as well as the implications of the burn wounds and burn marks on the burn victim in the middle childhood years. The literature studied produced a theoretical framework within which this study was performed. Following the literature review, an empirical investigation into Gestalt play therapy was used, with the focus on empowerment. A qualitative study was conducted with a single case study as data collection method.
For the duration of the empirical study, 17 therapeutic sessions were conducted with the participant, within the framework of qualitative research investigation. Data collected was described, analysed, and verified through a literature study. This study came to the conclusion that the Gestalt play therapy process is valuable in the empowerment of a burn victim in middle childhood years. It was particularly the therapeutic relationship and the elements that focused on the strengthening of the self, which was valuable in empowering the participant.
The information is described in an article according to the guidelines for the Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk journal entitled: “Empowerment of a burn victim through the Gestalt play therapy process”. Various elements are discussed respectively as used in the case study to empower the child.
Section A provides an introduction and explanation of the study, which includes the rationale and problem statement for the study and research methodology. The article that followed, is discussed in Section B. Conclusions and recommendations that arose from this study are discussed in Section C. Section D contains the compiled bibliography, and appendices are in Section E.Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
29
"The hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of fungal polysaccharides." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895813.
Full textAbstract:
Koon Chi Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-174).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgment --- p.i
Abbreviations --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.v
Chinese Abstract --- p.viii
Table of Content --- p.x
Chapter Chapter one: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Classification of Plant Polysaccharides --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition of Dietary Fiber --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Types of Soluble Dietary Fiber --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Physiological Effect of Fiber --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Reduction in Absorption by Viscous Polysaccharides --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Gastric Emptying --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Effect of Viscous Polysaccharides on Intraluminal Mixing --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Effect of Luminal Secretions on Viscosity --- p.9
Chapter 1.4 --- Physicochemical Qualities and Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.9
Chapter 1.5 --- Gastrointestinal Events and Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.11
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Mouth --- p.11
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Stomach --- p.12
Chapter 1.5.3 --- Small intestine --- p.12
Chapter 1.5.4 --- Large intestine --- p.13
Chapter 1.6 --- Proposed Mechanisms for Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.13
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Altered Bile Acid Absorption and Metabolism --- p.14
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Modified Lipid Absorption and Metabolism --- p.15
Chapter 1.6.3 --- Effects of SCFA on Lipid Metabolism --- p.15
Chapter 1.6.4 --- Changed Hormone Concentrations --- p.16
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and Methods --- p.17
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Fungus --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animals --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Golden Syrian Hamster --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Rabbit --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Characterization of Auricularia Polytricha --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Chromatographic materials --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.5 --- "Determination of Plasma TC，HDL-C, LDL-C，TG，AST and ALT" --- p.24
Chapter 2.1.6 --- HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Assay --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.7 --- "Quantitative Determination of Liver Cholesterol, Acidic and Neutral Sterol" --- p.27
Chapter 2.1.8 --- Animal Diets --- p.29
Chapter 2.1.8.1 --- Hamster Diets --- p.29
Chapter 2.1.8.2 --- Rabbit Diets --- p.29
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Extraction of Water-Soluble AP Polysaccharide (APP) --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Characterization of Auricularia Polytricha --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Determination of carbohydrate content of AP Polysaccharide --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Determination of uronic acid content of AP Polysaccharide --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Determination of protein content of AP Polysaccharide by BCA protein assay --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Determination of component sugar units of AP Polysaccharide --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Fractionation of AP Polysaccharide --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Determination of monosaccharides of AP Polysaccharide by HPLC --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Determination of plasma TC, HDL-C, LDL-C,TG,AST and ALT" --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Plasma Total Cholesterol --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Plasma HDL-Cholesterol --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Plasma LDL-Cholesterol --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Plasma Triglyceride --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.3.5 --- Plasma Aspartate Aminotransferase --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.3.6 --- Plasma Alanine Aminotransferase --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4 --- HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Assay --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Preparation of Hepatic Microsome --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- HMG-CoA Activity Assay --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Quantitative Determination of Liver Cholesterol --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Cholesterol Extraction and its Silylation --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- GLC Analysis of TMS-Ether Derivative of Cholesterol --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Quantitative Determination of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Separation of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Conversion of Neutral Sterols to its TMS-Ether Derivative --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Conversion of Acidic Sterols to its TMS-Ether Derivatives --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.6.4 --- GLC Analysis of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Study of Atherosclerosis of Rabbit --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Sudan III staining of the thoracic aorta --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Measurement of atheroma formation in the aorta --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Animal Experiments --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.8.1 --- Protective Effect of APP in Hyperlipidemic Study (Exp. 1) --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.8.2 --- Therapeutic Effect of APP in Hyperlipidemic Study (Exp. 2) --- p.52
Chapter 2.2.8.3 --- Dose Response of APP in Hyperlipidemic Study (Exp. 3) --- p.52
Chapter 2.2.8.4 --- Hypolipidemic Effect of Short Chain Fatty Acid (Exp. 4) --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.8.5 --- Effect of APP and SCFA on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity (Exp5） --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.8.6 --- Hypolipidemic and Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of APP (Exp. 6) ´Ø… --- p.54
Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.54
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Fractionation and Characterization of Auricularia Polytricha Polysaccharide --- p.55
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55
Chapter 3.2 --- Fungal polysaccharides from Auricularia Polytricha --- p.55
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Extraction and Fractionation of Auricularia Polytricha --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Determination of Carbohydrates Content --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Determination of Protein Content --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Determination of Uronic Acid Content --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Determination of component sugars of AP Polysaccharide --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Fractionation of AP Polysaccharide --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Determination of monosaccharide components of AP Polysaccharide by HPLC --- p.72
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.79
Chapter Chapter Four: --- "Protective, Therapeutic and Dose Effect of Auricularia Polytricha Polysaccharide (APP) on Hyperlipidemia" --- p.83
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter 4.2 --- Results (Exp. 1) --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma TC, HDL-C and TG" --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Fecal Output of Neutral Sterols --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Fecal Output of Acidic Sterols --- p.94
Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion (Exp. 1) --- p.99
Chapter 4.4 --- Results (Exp. 2) --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma TC and TG --- p.103
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma HDL-C and LDL-C --- p.104
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion (Exp. 2) --- p.109
Chapter 4.6 --- Results (Exp. 3) --- p.111
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.111
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.111
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Plasma TG --- p.112
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Plasma HDL-C and LDL-C --- p.112
Chapter 4.6.5 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on ALT and AST Activity --- p.113
Chapter 4.6.6 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Fecal Output of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.113
Chapter 4.7 --- Discussion --- p.121
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Hypolipidemic Effect of Short Chain Fatty Acids --- p.123
Chapter 5.1 --- "Introduction (Exp. 4,5)" --- p.123
Chapter 5.2 --- "Results (Exp. 4,5)" --- p.125
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.125
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of SCFA Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.125
Chapter 5.2.3 --- "Effect of SCFA Supplementation on Plasma TG, HDL-C and LDL-C" --- p.128
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Effect of SCFA Supplementation on AST and ALT Activity --- p.128
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Effect of SCFA supplementation on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity --- p.133
Chapter 5.3 --- "Discussion (Exp. 4,5)" --- p.135
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Hypolipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic Effect of APP --- p.137
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction (Exp. 6) --- p.137
Chapter 6.2 --- Results (Exp. 6) --- p.139
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.139
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.139
Chapter 6.2.3 --- "Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma TG, HDL- and LDL-C" --- p.141
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on AST and ALT Activity --- p.142
Chapter 6.2.5 --- Effect of APP supplementation on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity --- p.146
Chapter 6.2.6 --- Effect of APP supplementation on the Formation of Atheroma --- p.146
Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion (Exp. 6) --- p.151
Chapter Chapter Seven: --- General Discussion and Future Perspectives --- p.153
References --- p.158
30
Lembede, Busisani Wiseman. "Effect of dietary Terminalia sericea aqueous leaf extracts on high-fructose diet fed growing Wistar rats." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15349.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand,
School of Physiology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Medicine.
Johannesburg, 2014Sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary choices are the major cause of the global increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in children. The high cost and limited access to conventional drugs by poor communities make them depend on ethnomedicines. Terminalia sericea (T. sericea) contains phytochemicals that give its extracts hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic properties hence its use in ethnomedicine to treat diabetes mellitus. Using weanling Wistar rat pups fed a high fructose diet to model growing children exposed to high-sugar diets, this study sought to evaluate the effects of aqueous T. sericea leaf extracts on their growth performance, glucose homeostasis, visceral morphometry and their general health profile. Forty 21-day old male Wistar pups were randomly allocated to five treatment regimens. Each group had ad libitum access to a commercially supplied rat chow. Group 1 pups were given plain drinking water and plain gelatine cubes, group 2: 12% fructose solution and plain gelatine cubes, group 3: 12% fructose solution and gelatine cubes containing fenofibrate at a dosage of 100 mg.kg-1 per day, group 4: 12% fructose solution and gelatine cubes with a low dose (100 mg.kg-1 per day) of the T. sericea extract and group 5: 12% fructose solution and gelatine cubes with a high dose (400 mg.kg-1 per day) of the T. sericea extract. The pups were maintained on the regimens for 12 weeks after which they under went an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting blood metabolite content was then determined after which the rats were killed and tissues collected for visceral morphometrical, linear growth and surrogate markers’ of health determinations. T. sericea extracts had no negative effect on growth performance (body mass and indexes of long bone growth) but rats given fenofibrate had lighter empty carcasses and shorter tibiae. vi The administration of T. sericea extracts neither improved glucose homeostasis nor caused derangement of glucose handling by rats given a high fructose diet following an oral glucose challenge. However, the administration of fenofibrate to rats given a high fructose diet resulted in decreased glucose handling following an oral glucose challenge. With the exception of the administration of fenofibrate which resulted in a significantly high (P < 0.05) fasting blood glucose concentration, treatment regimens had no effect on fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Rats given fructose with either plain gelatine cubes or low T. sericea dose had significantly higher (P < 0.05) liver lipid content compared with the control treatment. Administration of T. sericea extracts to rats given a high fructose diet had no effect on the GIT, other abdominal viscera and markers of general health. The administration of fenofibrate to rats given a high fructose diet caused increased relative mass of GIT organs (stomach, small intestine and caecum), increased absolute mass of other viscera (liver and kidney); increased serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration. Results from the study revealed that administration of a high dose of aqueous T. sericea leaf extracts has potent phytochemicals properties that has helped to prevent high fructose diet-induced deposition of fat in the in the liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), without compromising growth, visceral morphometry and general health of growing Wistar rats.
31
"The hypocholesterolemic effect of fungal polysaccharides in auricularia polytricha." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890720.
Full textAbstract:
Sit Ling.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-150).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgment --- p.i
Abbreviations --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.v
Chinese Abstract --- p.vii
Table of Content --- p.ix
Chapter Chapter one: --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Definition of Dietary Fiber --- p.1
Chapter 1.3 --- Classification of Dietary Fiber --- p.2
Chapter 1.4 --- Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers --- p.3
Chapter 1.5 --- Proposed Mechanisms for Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.4
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Alter Eating Pattern --- p.4
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Delay Gastric Emptying --- p.4
Chapter 1.5.3 --- Modify Lipid Digestion and Absorption --- p.5
Chapter 1.5.4 --- Effects of SCFA on Lipid Metabolism --- p.6
Chapter 1.5.5 --- Enhance Bile Acid Excretion --- p.7
Chapter 1.6 --- Auricularia polytricha --- p.8
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Chemical Analysis of Auricularia polytrica --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction and Fractionation of Auricularia polytricha --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Determination of Carbohydrate Content --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Determination of Protein Content --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Determination of Uronic Acid Content --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of Molecular Weight by Gel Filtration Chromatography --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Determination of Monosaccharide Components by HPLC --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Yield of Auricularia polytricha polysaccharides --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Carbohydrate Content of APPs --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Protein Content of APPs --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Uronic Acid Content of APPs --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Molecular Weight of APPs --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Monosaccharide Components of APPs --- p.27
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.33
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Hypolipidemic Effects of APPs --- p.36
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.36
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Golden Syrian Hamster --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Animal Experiments --- p.40
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Protective Effect and Dose Response of APPs (Exp. 1) --- p.40
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Therapeutic Effect of APPs (High-cholesterol Diet) (Exp. 2) --- p.40
Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Therapeutic Effect of APPII (Normal Diet) (Exp. 3) --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Effect of APPs on HMG-CoA Reductase and AC AT Activity (Exp. 4) --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determination of Plasma AST and ALT --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.4 --- "Determination of Plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG" --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Quantitative Determination of Hepatic and Heart Cholesterol --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Quantitative Determination of Perirenal Adipose Tissue Triglyceride --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.45
Chapter 3.3 --- Results (Exp. 1) --- p.47
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Food Intake and Growth --- p.47
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of APPs on Plasma AST and ALT --- p.47
Chapter 3.3.3 --- "Effect of APPs on Plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG" --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of APPs on Hepatic and Heart Cholesterol --- p.59
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion (Exp. 1) --- p.64
Chapter 3.5 --- Results (Exp. 2) --- p.67
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Food Intake and Growth --- p.67
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Effect of APPs on Plasma AST and ALT --- p.67
Chapter 3.5.3 --- "Effect of APPs on Plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG" --- p.67
Chapter 3.5.4 --- Effect of APPs on Hepatic and Heart Cholesterol --- p.71
Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion (Exp. 2) --- p.74
Chapter 3.7 --- Results (Exp. 3) --- p.76
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Food Intake and Growth --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of APPII on Plasma AST and ALT --- p.76
Chapter 3.7.3 --- "Effect of APPII on Plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG" --- p.76
Chapter 3.7.4 --- Effect of APPII on Hepatic and Heart Cholesterol --- p.80
Chapter 3.8 --- Discussion (Exp. 3) --- p.83
Chapter Chapter Four: --- Influences of APPs on Cholesterol Homeostasis --- p.84
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.84
Chapter 4.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.1 --- HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Assay --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Preparation of Hepatic Microsome --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Assay --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.2 --- ACAT Activity Assay --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Preparation of Hepatic and Intestinal Microsome --- p.89
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- ACAT Activity Assay --- p.89
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Quantitative Determination of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.90
Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Extraction of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.90
Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Conversion of Neutral Sterols to its TMS-Ether Derivative --- p.91
Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Conversion of Acidic Sterols to its TMS-Ether Derivatives --- p.91
Chapter 4.2.3.4 --- GLC Analysis of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.92
Chapter 4.3 --- Statistic Analysis --- p.93
Chapter 4.4 --- Results (Exp. 4) --- p.94
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Effect of APPs on Hepatic HMG-CoA Reductase Activity --- p.94
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of APPs on Hepatic and Intestinal AC AT Activity --- p.94
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of APPs on Fecal Excretion (Exp. 1 & 4) --- p.98
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion (Exp. 4) --- p.105
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Hypolipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic Effect of APPII in Rabbit --- p.110
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.110
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.113
Chapter 5.2.1 --- New Zealant White Rabbit --- p.113
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Hypolipidemic and Anitatherosclerosis Effect of APPII (Exp. 5) --- p.113
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Measurement of Atheroma Formation --- p.115
Chapter 5.3 --- Results (Exp. 5) --- p.117
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Food Intake and Growth --- p.117
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effect of APPII on Plasma AST and ALT --- p.117
Chapter 5.3.3 --- "Effect of APPII on Plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG" --- p.117
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Effect of APPII on Hepatic and Heart Cholesterol --- p.125
Chapter 5.3.5 --- Effect of APPII on Perirenal Adipose Tissue Triglycerige Composition --- p.125
Chapter 5.3.6 --- Effect of APPII on the Formation of Atheroma --- p.125
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion (Exp. 5) --- p.130
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.132
References --- p.135
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Stumpf, Sina Kristin. "Therapeutic approaches for two distinct CNS pathologies." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13E7-1.
Full text
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Levendal, Ruby-Ann. "Effect of an organic Cannabis sativa extract exposure on glucose metabolism in obese and lean Wistar rats." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18670.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgRenewed interest in cannabinoid compounds arose since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system in the early 1990’s and its role in mediating the body’s energy balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an organic Cannabis sativa (hereafter referred to as C. sativa) extract on β-cell secretory function using an in vivo diet-induced obese rat model and an in vitro isolated rat pancreatic islet model and to determine the associated molecular changes within the pancreatic tissue. Materials and methods: Diet-induced obese Wistar rats and rats fed on standard pellets were subcutaneously injected, over a 28 day period, with an organic C. sativa extract or the vehicle (1% Tween 80® in saline). The effect of diet and treatment was evaluated using the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis on rat pancreata. In vitro studies were conducted using isolated rat islets exposed to 11.1 (representative of normoglycemic conditions) and 33.3 mM glucose levels (representative of hyperglycemic conditions) over a 24-(D1; acute) and 96-hour (D4; chronic) period, and treated with C. sativa extract containing an equivalent of 2.5 (T1) and 5 ng/mL (T2) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), immunohistocytochemistry for apoptosis and proliferation detection and western blotting for detection of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), CB2 receptors and specific transduction factors were undertaken. Antagonist studies were conducted using AM251 (A1) and AM630 (A2) to block CB1 and CB2, respectively, to determine the role of cannabinoid receptors in insulin secretion. Results: The overall increase in body weight in the experimental groups occurred at a significantly slower rate than the control groups (P < 0.01), irrespective of diet. In the lean group, the area under the curve for glucose (AUCg) was significantly higher compared to the diet-induced obese group (P < 0.001), while C. sativa treatment significantly improved the AUCg in the lean rats (P < 0.05). The cafeteria diet did not induce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the obese rats and C. sativa treatment maintained a plasma glycemic profile similar to the obese control rats. The lower AUCg values in the obese group may, in part, be due to the inclusion of milk products (shown to be beneficial in reducing diabetes) in the cafeteria diet. qPCR analysis showed that the cafeteria diet induced down-regulation of the following genes in the obese control group, relative to lean controls: UCP2 (P < 0.01), c-MYC (P < 0.05) and FLIP (P < 0.05), and upregulation of CB1 (P < 0.01), GLUT2 (P < 0.001), UCP2 (P < 0.001) and PKB (P < 0.05), relative to the obese control group, while c-MYC levels were down-regulated (P < 0.05), relative to the lean control group. In the in vitro study, results showed C. sativa treatment decreased chronic insulin secretion in islets cultured under normoglycemic condition for D1 (P < 0.05), but not for D4. In islets cultured under hyperglycemic conditions, C. sativa treatment for the D4 period showed a significant increase in their chronic insulin secretion (HD4T1, P = 0.07; HD4T2, P < 0.001), increase in basal insulin secretion (HD4T1, P < 0.001; HD4T2, P < 0.001), increase in GSIS (HD4T1, P < 0.05; HD4T2, P < 0.001), reduction in glucose-stimulated:basal insulin production (HD4T1, P < 0.05; HD4T2, P < 0.05), reduction in insulin content (HD4T1, P < 0.001), increase in the percentage basal : content ratio (HD4T1, P < 0.001; HD4T2, P < 0.01) and increase in the percentage GSIS : content ratio (HD4T1, P < 0.001; HD4T2, P < 0.05), relative to ND4C islets. In antagonist studies, A2 preconditioning did not affect suppress the stimulatory effect of C. sativa treatment on chronic insulin secretion under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions, relative to the NC and HC islets, respectively. qPCR studies showed that C. sativa exposure induced a 2.2-fold increase in CB1 gene expression, relative to normoglycemic control islets (P < 0.05), while c-MYC and FLIP expression was significantly reduced by 12% (ND4T1, P < 0.05) and 37% (HD4T1, P < 0.05), respectively. C. sativa treatment also induced increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines under hyperglycemic conditions. Conclusion: These results suggest that C. sativa protects pancreatic islets against the negative effects of obesity (in vivo studies) and hyperglycemia (in vitro studies). In light of these findings, further investigation into the potential of C. sativa as a complementary therapeutic agent in the treatment of the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is warranted. In addition, the significant effect of C. sativa treatment on adipose tissue in experimental rats needs further investigation to determine how the cannabinoids affect the mechanisms of adipogenesis and lipolysis in diet-induced obesity. Keywords: Diet-Induced Obesity, Cannabinoids, C. sativa, THC, β-cell, AM251, AM630.
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Lee, Kuei-Chuan, and 李癸汌. "Investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of aliskiren in hepatic injury of mice chronically administered with carbon tetrachloride or methionine-choline-deficient diet." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09637206035974940030.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立陽明大學
臨床醫學研究所
102
Background: Activation of the renin-angiotensin-system is known to play a role in chronic liver disease. Increased hepatic angiotensin II (Ang II), the main downstream effector of renin-angiotensin-system, plays an important role in liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Additionally, renin knockout mice manifest decreased hepatic steatosis. Direct renin inhibition may both decrease renin activity and Ang II production. Aliskiren is a newly discovered direct renin inhibitor which had been approved for clinical hypertension treatment. Chronic administration of aliskiren decreases renin activity and Ang II in the hypertensive patients and animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that aliskiren may decrease liver inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis in chronic liver injury through reduction of angiotensin II. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the possible effects and mechanisms of chronic administration of aliskiren in two common chronic liver injury animal models. Methods: C57BL6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or fed with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce chronic liver injury. In the experiment using CCL4, the injured mice (after two-week administration) were randomly assigned to aliskiren-treated (the CCl4 + Ali group) or untreated group (the CCl4 group). Mice without CCl4 and aliskiren administration served as the normal control. In the experiment using MCD diet, the injured mice (after eight-week feeding) were randomly assigned to receive aliskiren or vehicle administration for 4 weeks. Normal controls were also administered aliskiren or a vehicle for 4 weeks. Results: In the CCl4 or MCD diet-injured mice, aliskiren attenuated liver inflammation and fibrosis. The levels of hepatocyte apoptosis, lipid peroxidation production, the activation of hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells, hepatic expression of p47 phox, inflammatory mediators and profibrotic markers were reduced after aliskiren treatment in both models. Furthermore, aliskiren decreased Ang II, activated the renal expression of renin, but down-regulated the hepatic expression of renin and renin receptor in the CCl4-injected mice. In the MCD mice, aliskiren further decreased hepatic steatosis at a higher dose without changing the expression of lipogenic genes but increasing turnover of hepatic fat by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, acyl-CoA oxidase, cytochrome P450-4A14 and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase. Conclusions: Aliskiren attenuates chronic liver injury in the CCl4 or MCD diet-treated mice by reducing Ang II. At the high dose, aliskiren can reduce hepatic steatosis by up-regulating fatty acid oxidation-related genes. Direct renin inhibitor may serve as a potential treatment for chronic liver injury.
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Odun-Ayo, Frederick Oluwasheyi. "Inhibition of Colon Cancer in Mice by Microencapsulated Probiotic." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1757.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in complete fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Therapies are less effective during metastasis, therefore prevention and earlier detection is key to reducing the risk of colon cancer. Increased dietary fibre and probiotic intake is known to lower the risk of colon cancer. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which when administered orally in an adequate amount confer a health benefit on the host”. The International Dairy Federation recommends a viable minimum level of 6–7 log10cfu/g in a probiotic product being consumed. Different biopolymer matrices have been used for encapsulation of probiotics; however, loss of viability is still a major challenge. Citrus pectin is a dietary fibre polysaccharide broken down into smaller fragments to form modified citrus pectin (MCP). The unique bioactivity of MCP against carcinogenesisis is linked to its sugar β-galactose inhibiting the cell signalling protein marker, galectin-3 (gal-3), which is intimately involved in endothelial cell morphogenesis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling, which invariably drives angiogenesis can be activated when gal-3 binds to integrins. The bioactivity and uptake of MCP may be improved through a novel approach if conjoined with a supplement for example probiotic. Therefore, the synergistic inhibitory effect of modified citrus pectin alginate (MCPA) probiotic microbeads on gal-3 and VEGF in an azoxymethane (AOM) induced colon carcinogenesis Balb/c mouse model was investigated. A microencapsulation process was used to produce a MCPA microbead containing probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Efficiency of the microbead was evaluated in vitro (simulated conditions) and in vivo (Balb/c mouse model). Genomic identification of faecal lactobacilli samples from the treated mice was analyzed. Optimization of AOM dose-time with 10 and 15 mg/kg AOM intraperitoneal (ip) administered to Balb/c mice for 2 and 4 weeks were performed. The optimal AOM dose was initiated prior to intake of MCPA, AP (alginate calcium) probiotic microbeads and MCP in Balb/c mice for 16 weeks; samples were analyzed for colon histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The MCPA probiotic microbeads significantly enhanced the viability of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 compared to the AP microbeads in vitro (p< 0.05). Exposure of the MCPA probiotic microbeads to 3 h of simulated gastric juice (SGJ) resulted in 82.7% survival of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. Also, the faecal lactobacilli count in the MCPA probiotic treated mice significantly increased after 28 days by 10.2% compared to the AP probiotic, MCP treated and control mice (p< 0.0001). A total of 4DNA encoding 16S rRNA gene closest to the genera namely Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium were identified from faecal samples of the colon cancer-induced Balb/c mice. Azoxymethane at 15 mg/kg for 4 weeks induced optimal gal-3 and VEGF immunoexpression. Furthermore, MCPA probiotic treatment significantly reduced gal-3 immunoexpression in the colon of AOM induced cancer Balb/c mice compared to the control mice (p< 0.0001). The immunoexpresion of VEGF in the MCPA and AP probiotic treated groups was weakly positive and significantly reduced when compared to the control group (p<0.05), while the MCP treated group was barely positive (p< 0.001). Modified citrus pectin alginate is a novel effective means of oral delivery of bacterial cells and bioactive compounds. It has a good biodegradability, inexpensive, non-toxic, proven efficiency, and stability at low temperatures warranting its use as a drug carrier by pharmaceuticals. Modified citrus pectin alginate probiotic microbeads increase bioactivity and chemoprevention against colon pre-cancerous lesions and adenocarcinoma through inhibition of gal-3 and VEGF in the mouse model. Modified citrus pectin alginate can be used in probiotic therapy, which may improve the prevention of colon cancer.
D
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"Hypocholesterolemic activity and potential reproductive toxicity of isoflavones in soybean and gegen." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892406.
Full textAbstract:
Guan, Lei.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-145).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.I
ABSTRACT --- p.II
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VII
TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.IIX
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Distribution and Origins --- p.1
Chapter 1.3 --- History of Use --- p.2
Chapter 1.4 --- Chemical Structure --- p.3
Chapter 1.5 --- Physiologic Properties --- p.5
Chapter 1.6 --- Absorption and Metabolism --- p.7
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Concentration of Isoflavones in Plasma --- p.10
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Urinary Excretion --- p.10
Chapter 1.7 --- Healthy Effects --- p.11
Chapter 1.7.1 --- Menopausal Symptom --- p.11
Chapter 1.7.2 --- Cardiovascular Disease --- p.12
Chapter 1.7.3 --- Osteoporosis --- p.13
Chapter 1.7.4 --- Tumors --- p.14
Chapter 1.7.4.1 --- Breast Cancer --- p.14
Chapter 1.7.4.2 --- Prostate Cancer --- p.15
Chapter 1.7.5 --- Alcohol Addiction --- p.16
Chapter 1.7.6 --- Potential Adverse Effects --- p.16
Chapter 1.8 --- Summary --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Determination of Isoflavones in Soybean and Gegen --- p.19
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification and Structure of Phytoestrogens --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Isoflavones in Soybeans and Gegen --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Methods of Determination --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Isolation and Purification of Isoflavones --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Analytical Methods for Isoflavones in Soybeans and Gegen --- p.26
Chapter 2.2 --- Objective --- p.28
Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction and Isolation of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2 --- HPLC Analysis --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Sample Preparation for the HPLC Analysis --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- HPLC Analysis --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Qualitative Analysis of the Isoflavones and Their Glycosides in Soybean and Gegen --- p.30
Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Isoflavone Identification of Soybean Extract --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Isoflavone Identification of Gegen Extract --- p.33
Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts in Ovariectomized，Intact Male and Castrated Golden Syrian Hamsters --- p.38
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38
Chapter 3.2 --- Objective --- p.41
Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.42
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Preparation of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts --- p.42
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Animals and Diets --- p.42
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Determinations --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Determination of Cholesterol Concentration in the Organs --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Statistics --- p.46
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.48
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Food Intake and Body and Relative Organ Weights --- p.48
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effects of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts on Serum and Organ Cholesterol in Ovariectomized and Intact Male and Castrated Hamsters --- p.56
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Possible Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Soybean Isoflavones on SD Rats --- p.67
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.67
Chapter 4.2 --- Objective --- p.70
Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.71
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Diet --- p.71
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Animals --- p.73
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Study Design --- p.73
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Measurement of Reproductive Hormones --- p.74
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Measurement of Sperm Number --- p.74
Chapter 4.3.6 --- Statistics --- p.75
Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.77
Chapter 4.4.1. --- Food Intake and Food Efficiency Ratio --- p.77
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Growth Trend --- p.79
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Organ Weight --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Absolute Organ Weight --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Relative Organ Weight --- p.84
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Reproductive Hormone Levels --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Epididymis Parameters of Male Rats --- p.88
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.90
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Possible Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Gegen Isoflavones on SD Rats --- p.97
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.97
Chapter 5.2 --- Objective --- p.99
Chapter 5.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.100
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Animals and Diets --- p.100
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Study Design --- p.100
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Statistics --- p.101
Chapter 5.4 --- Results --- p.103
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Food Consumption and Food Efficiency Ratio --- p.103
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Growth Trend --- p.105
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Organ Weights --- p.108
Chapter 5.4.3.1 --- Absolute Organ Weights --- p.108
Chapter 5.4.3.2 --- Relative Organ Weight --- p.110
Chapter 5.4.4 --- Reproductive Hormone Levels --- p.112
Chapter 5.4.5 --- Epididymis Parameters of Male Rats --- p.114
Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion --- p.116
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.121
References --- p.123
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Sikhakhane, Xolani. "Evaluating the anticancer and antimicrobial properties of extracts from Hypoxis hemerocallidea (African potato)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11393.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc. (Biochemistry)A rich diversity of medicinal plants is found in Southern Africa and approximately 80% of the population still relies on medicinal plants to fulfil its primary health care needs. Many of these medicinal plants are used to treat ailments such as burns, sores, urinary tract infections, colds, flu, rheumatism, gout, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An example of such a plant is Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Fisch & CA Mey), formerly known as Hypoxis rooperi and popularly known as the African potato, from the Hypoxidaceae family. This plant is found across five of the South African provinces and corm extracts are reported to contain bioactive compounds that account for the plant’s medicinal and therapeutic properties. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-oesophageal cancer and antimicrobial potential of H. hemerocallidea. In cancer patients, the currently used cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy are ineffective in decreasing disease progression, prolonging survival, providing cure and are associated with side-effects such as cytotoxicity to normal body cells and tumour non-specificity. Therefore, current cancer research is aiming at searching for novel plant-based anticancer compounds that can be used for the development and manufacturing of cancer treatment drugs that will have less side-effects and less toxicity towards the normal human body cells, and ultimately provide cure for cancer. In addition to cancer, infectious diseases still contribute to most premature deaths worldwide and are now becoming more difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance developed by pathogens against many of the currently used antibiotics. This multidrug resistance of human pathogens to antibiotics has led to a search for new antimicrobial compounds from plants sources, for use in the production of new affordable antibiotic drugs to effectively treat infections without posing any unwanted toxicity and harm towards the human body. An oesophageal SNO cancer cell line was treated with H. hemerocallidea extracts and the effect of the extracts on the cancer cells were investigated with cell viability assays (trypan blue dye exclusion and AlamarBlue® viability assays), light microscopy and flow cytometrical analysis (forward and side scatter analysis). The plant extracts were also tested for antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms - Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi cultures by means of thin layer chromatographic bioautography (TLC-DB), microdilution assays and the BacTiter-GloTM assay. Antimicrobial compounds were then putatively identified and characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No morphological changes were observed in the SNO cells and significant cell death did not occur following treatment with either water or ethanolic H. hemerocallidea extracts from fresh or dried corms or leaves. The ethanolic leaf extracts did not show any significant inhibition against any of the microorganisms tested in contrast to the ethanolic extracts from the corms, which showed microbial growth inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi and partial inhibition of the Gram-negative bacteria. The bioactive compounds responsible for the antibacterial and antifungal activities were identified as levoglucosan (as the major antimicrobial compound), pyrocatechol and hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4-dione. These results show that H. hemerocallidea plant extracts possessed no anticancer effects towards the SNO cell line. In addition, the corm extracts of H. hemerocallidea contain a levoglucosan compound, which may work synergistically with other antimicrobial compounds to exert antimicrobial properties. With more research, the antimicrobial compounds in H. hemerocallidea may hold promise for possible candidates for use in the development of antibiotic or antiseptic products (for example, topical creams and lozenges) to be used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by bacterial and fungal infections.
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Yu, Zhen. "Indole-3-carbinol in the maternal diet provides chemoprotection for the fetus against transplacental carcinogenesis by dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in the B6 129 mouse model : role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28600.
Full textAbstract:
Lymphomas and leukemias are the most common cancer in children and young
adults and in utero exposure to carcinogens may contribute to the etiology of these
cancers. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP), was
administered to pregnant mice (15 mg/Kg b.w., gavage) on gestation day 17. Significant
mortalities in young offspring were observed due to T-cell lymphoma. Lung and liver
tumors also were observed in survivors at 10 months of age. To assess the role of the
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR), we utilized crosses of B6129SF1/J (responsive) mice
with strain 129S1/SvImJ (non-responsive). Offspring born to AHR non-responsive
mothers had greater susceptibility to lymphoma, irrespective of offspring genotype.
Responsive offspring displayed increased mortality if the mother was responsive. Lung
adenomas showed Ki-ras mutations and exhibited a 50% decrease and a 35-fold increase
in expression of Rb and p19/ARF mRNA, respectively.
To examine the risk/benefit of maternal dietary phytochemical treatment against
transplacental cancer, 2000 ppm indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was given to pregnant mice
through diet from gestation day 9 till weaning. I3C significantly lowered mortality
caused by lymphomas regardless of the maternal genotype, and also reduced lung tumor
multiplicity in offspring born to AHR [superscript b-l/d] dams. Distribution of I3C in most maternal
and fetal tissues was quantified following a single gavage of [¹⁴C]-I3C to the pregnant
mice. DBP-DNA adducts were observed in both maternal and fetal tissues by ³³P
postlabeling and HPLC analysis and were modulated by I3C and AHR genotype. I3C
also modulated phase I and phase II enzyme protein expression in dams and gene
expression in newborn thymus. I3C chemoprotection may involve modification of the
bioavailability of DBP to the fetus and/or modulation of gene expression in the fetus as
well.
This is the first demonstration that transplacental exposure to an environmental PAH
can induce a highly aggressive lymphoma in mice. These results raise the possibility that
PAH exposures to pregnant women could contribute to similar cancers in children and
young adults and, that the addition of chemoprotective agents to the maternal diet may
reduce cancer risk among offspring.Graduation date: 2006
39
Jenkins, Lynn. "The efficacy of TranQuin® Day Formula supplement on psychological stress in university students." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10883.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)Psychological stress refers to an individual’s interaction with what he perceives as adverse or threatening phenomena of the external environment (stimulus) and the ensuing physiological response that occurs within the body. Although the stimulus itself may not be harmful, the physiological reaction of the individual to the perceived threat may lead to health consequences. University students may experience greater levels of stress than the average population. They may also experience symptoms of anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances and impaired memory due to psychological stress. These symptoms may be exacerbated by concomitant use of alcohol and stimulants such as nicotine and caffeine, which students may use as coping mechanisms. Conventional treatment for stress might include anti-depressants and anxiolytics that often have adverse effects. TranQuin® Day Formula is a combination vitamin and herbal supplement formulated to assist the body to cope with stress. Although each individual vitamin and herbal constituent of TranQuin® Day Formula has been thoroughly researched, to date, no research has been conducted on the efficacy of TranQuin® Day Formula dietary supplement for the treatment of psychological stress in university students. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of TranQuin® Day Formula supplement on psychological stress in university students, with the use of the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Thirty participants, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 49 years, who obtained a minimum score of 10 on the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale-10, were selected to participate in this six week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants were also requested to complete Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-28. The scores obtained by the participants on both stress scales were measured at the beginning of the study (week 0) to obtain a baseline score, in the middle of the study (week 3) and at the end of the study (week 6). The participants were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. Participants were asked to take two capsules of the supplement or placebo, preferably in the morning after breakfast, or the first meal of the day, for the duration of the study period (6 weeks). Each participant received a daily data sheet which recorded capsules taken and any symptoms experienced, as well as any other medication taken. The results of the study were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney-U Test, the Shapiro-Wilk Test, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Friedman Test and descriptive statistics.
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Read, A. J. P. "The effect of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on anthropometric measurements, lung function and lung infections in a cystic fibrosis population in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5281.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients grow poorly and tend to be malnourished. They frequently suffer from lung infections necessitating the repeated use of antibiotics.
AIM: This study was conducted to determine whether supplementation with a probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) could reduce the incidence and duration of lung infections, and whether this would impact on their anthropometric data. The secondary purpose was to compare the nutritional status of the CF patients attending CF clinics in Kwazulu-Natal (KZN) with CF patients attending CF clinics in Cape Town (CT).
METHODS: Twenty three CF patients 6-31 years of age from 2 CF clinics in Kwazulu-Natal started the study although only 16 patients completed it. The study was a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial with six months on placebo and six months on probiotic. Weight, height, mid arm circumference (MAC), triceps skin fold thickness (TSF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured, sputum collected and a symptom diary completed over the 12 month period. Anthropometric data of CF patients attending CF clinics in CT was obtained from the publication by Westwood & Saitowitz (1999).
RESULTS: Compliance with taking the L. reuteri was poor. Most took only 50% of the required daily dose. Probiotic supplementation showed a slight (non significant) trend to improve FEV1 and FVC, while no significant difference could be seen in the number and duration of the lung infections. Sputum analysis showed a non significant trend towards the probiotic reducing the number of bacteria in the sputum. There was a significant reduction of symptoms for fever, running nose, sore throat and ear ache while on placebo. There was a significant increase in weight gained off probiotic compared to the probiotic period. The changes in height, weight for age (WFA) percentiles, height for age (HFA) percentiles, WFA and HFA Z-scores, percentage expected weight for age and percentage expected height for age all showed no difference whether on or off probiotic. Over half the CF children in the KZN clinics were underweight for their actual height compared to one third in the CT clinics with a higher number of subjects below the 5th percentile for MAC and TSF readings compared to CT.
CONCLUSION: Due to a small sample size and poor compliance no firm conclusions could be drawn. However a slight (non significant) improvement could be seen in favour of the probiotic for FEV1, FVC, and sputum analysis. Although all other findings were not significantly different it would be of benefit to carry out further investigation with improved compliance with the probiotic to see if the parameters set out above could be improved. The KZN and CT CF groups were comparable and the nutritional status of CF patients on KZN was well below that of the CT CF clinics and further monitoring would need to be carried out.
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Lekganyane, Enniah Matemane. "The role of food gardens in mitigating the vulnerability to HIV-AIDS of rural women in Limpopo, South Africa." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/793.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of food gardens in influencing the vulnerability of women in rural communities to HIV-infections.
The study was conducted at the Makotse Women's Club in rural Limpopo. Qualitative field research was used and five participants were purposefully selected for participation in face-to-face interviews. The study found that the women's involvement in the food gardens enabled them to take responsibility for their own lives. Participation in food gardens gave these women an opportunity for income generation, the chance to access healthy food sources to improve their and their families' diets and a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives. Financial independence from husbands and male partners freed them from poverty and male domination. Through exposure to HIV and AIDS education programmes offered at the food gardens the women were empowered with knowledge about sexual health, hence reducing their vulnerability to HIV-AIDS.Sociology
M. A. ((Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS))
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Joseph, Rowena Yasmin. "A gestalt approach in using music with the emotionally traumatized child." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1785.
Full textAbstract:
Many of the sources indicated in this work are classical and not updated due to the fact that the origins of Gestalt Philosophy are found in classical worksVerskeie van die geraadpleegde bronne in die literatuurhoofstukke verteenwoordig klassieke werke wat nie binne die erkende periode vir relevante wetenskaplike navorsing val nie. Die oorsprong van die Gestalt Filosofie wat in hierdie studie benut is, word in hierdie klassieke werke gevind en is ook in hierdie werke geraadpleeg
The Gestalt approach was used as the contextual framework to explore how music can be used as a therapeutic medium in the treatment of the emotionally traumatized child. Music as a sensory experience was used during the therapeutic process with each case study, to facilitate the child's process towards healing. The conceptual framework of music as a therapeutic medium was researched in depth to bring clarity to the influence it has on the emotional well-being of the child. The child who entered into therapy was selected according to specific criteria, with the experience of emotional trauma being priority. The researcher also studied the concept of emotional trauma in depth and the consequences it has on a child's overall functional ability. Music was used as an expressive technique during the therapeutic process with each child. The conclusion drawn from this study indicated that the gestalt approach can be applied effectively in using music as a therapeutic medium in the treatment of the emotionally traumatized child.
Die Gestalt benadering is gebruik in hierdie navorsing ten einde 'n kontekstuele raamwerk daar te stel waarbinne musiek as terapeutiese medium in die behandeling van emosionele trauma in kinders gebruik kon word. Musiek kan beskryf word as 'n sensoriese ervaring. Hierdie sensoriese ervaring is binne die terapeutiese proses toegepas ten einde die kind se herstelproses te fasiliteer. Die studie is binne die navorsingskonteks van gevallestudieprosedures gedoen. Musiek is binne die konseptuele raamwerk bestudeer en nagevors ten einde die terapeutiese waarde daarvan in diepte te ondersoek. Hierdie in-diepte ondersoek het aan die navorser 'n duidelike beeld gegee hoe dit toegepas kon word in terapie. Deur dit toe te pas in terapie is die invloed van musiek op die emosionele welsyn van die getraumatiseerde kind gedokumenteer. Die navorsingskriteria vir insluiting in die ondersoek was gegrond op die literatuurondersoek en het onder meer die belewing van trauma ingesluit. Die belewing van emosionele trauma en invloed op die kind se geheelfunksionering was dus 'n verdere eenheid van ontleding en is in diepte deur die navorser bestudeer. Musiek is dus gebruik as 'n ekspressiewe tegniek tydens die terapeutiese proses met elke gevallestudie. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe in hierdie studie gekom kon word is dat musiek binne die konteks van die gestalt benadering suksesvol in die hantering van emosionele trauma by die kind gebruik kan word.
Practical Theology
M.Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Scholtz, Janine. "Emosionele gereedmaking van voorskoolse kinders vir skooltoetrede." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17690.
Full textAbstract:
Summaries in Afrikaans and EnglishHierdie studie spreek die emosionele skoolgereedheid van voorskoolse kinders aan. Die voorskoolse kind met sy basiese emosies vanuit sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief word in die studie van naderby beskou. Tydens die studie is die basiese emosies volgens Plutchik (1980) wat bepalend vir die emosionele skoolgereedheid van die skooltoetreder is, geidentifiseer. Na aanleiding van nuwe insigte waartoe gekom is, het die navorser 'n eie emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys volgens Plutchik (1980) se basiese emosies antwerp, wat as 'n maatstaf vir die evaluering van emosionele skoolgereedheid kan dien. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is onderneem om te bepaal of 'n aantal proefpersone volgens n emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys emosioneel skoolgereed is al dan nie. Emosionele tekorte is vanuit die emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys geidentifiseer, waarna diagnostiese en terapeutiese tegnieke vir emosionele skoolgereedmaking kortliks bespreek is. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges kan die diagnostiese en terapeutiese tegnieke as hulpmiddel gebruik om emosionele tekorte, wat moontlik 'n blokkasie vir emosionele skoolgereedheid inhou, aan te spreek.
This stidu addresses the emotional school preparedness (readiness) of pre-primary children. The pre-primary child with his basic emotions from a psychological educational perspective is examined more closely in this study. During this study the basic emotions according to Plutchik {1980) that determine the emotional school readiness of the school entrant, were identified. On account of new insights gained, the researcher designed a school readiness evaluation list of her own according to Plutchik's (1980) basic emotions. This list can serve as a guideline for the evaluation of emotional school readiness. An empirical study was undertaken to determine whether a number of experimental subjects {children) were ready for school or not. Emotional deficiencies were identified by means of the emotional school readiness evaluation list, whereafter diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for the emotional preparation of children were briefly discussed. Educational psychologists can use these diagnostic and therapeutic techniques as an aid to address emotional deficiencies, which may impede the emotional school readiness of children.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (met spesialisering in Voorligting)
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Joubert, Maryna. ""Wanneer hoop groei in 'n waaghalsige verbeelding": 'n pastorale blik op kuns in 'n konteks van gestremdheid." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1604.
Full textAbstract:
Afrikaans text, with Afrikaans and English summariesDespite legislation to the effect intended to ensure the position of the disabled in society, disabled persons still find themselves largely marginalized in the South African context. During this research a group of about twenty participants, of whom about one-half are disabled, were involved in an inclusive process of art-making. The aim of the research was to challenge the dominant discourse which holds that making art is only for the select, talented few. This research was undertaken according to the scientific guidelines of practical theology. Contextual theology was used as a starting point, with emphasis on the participatory- and narrative approaches. The characteristics of pastoral care created an atmosphere which was conducive to the disabled participants discovering and developing hope for a more rewarding future. The research culminated in an exhibition in a national museum, which could contribute to an additional dimension in the narrative of the disabled participants.
Ten spyte van wetgewing om die inklusiewe posisie van die gestremde in die samelewing te verseker, is gestremdes in die Suid Afrikaanse konteks nog grootliks gemarginaliseerd. Vanuit hierdie gemarginaliseerde posisie vind gestremdes dit moeilik en dikwels onmoontlik om hul unieke potensiaal te ontwikkel om sodoende 'n beter lewenskwaliteit lewe te vestig. 'n Groep van ongeveer twintig deelnemers, waarvan die helfte gestremd is, is tydens hierdie navorsing in 'n inklusiewe konteks van kunsmaak betrek. Die doel van die navorsing is om diskoerse uit te daag wat bepaal dat kunsmaak net vir unieke, talentvolle mense beskore was. Teen die agtergrond van 'n postmoderne epistemologie kon gestremdes sonder vooraf opgestelde reels en regulasies uiting gee aan hul verbeelding en sodoende waaghalsig wees in die proses van kunsmaak. Hierdie navorsing het plaasgevind volgens die wetenskaplike riglyne van praktiese teologie. Kontekstuele teologie is as 'n teologiese vertrekpunt gebruik, met die klem op die deelnemende en narratiewe benaderings. Sodoende is ruimte geskep vir die ontdekking sowel as die ontwikkeling van die potensiaal van die gestremde. Die eienskappe van pastorale sorg het 'n atmosfeer tydens die kunsmaaksessies geskep waarbinne die deelnemers in 'n veilige konteks hoop op 'n bykomstige realiteit en 'n beter toekoms kon ontdek en ontwikkel. Die navorsing het gekulmineer in 'n kunsuitstalling in 'n nasionale museum wat kan bydra tot 'n bykomstige dimensie in die verhaal en identiteit van die gestremdes.
Practical Theology
M. Th. (Practical Theology eith specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)
45
Jeffries, Victor Vincent. "Riglyne vir 'n intervensieprogram vir leerders wat deur bendegeweld geteister word." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13842.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansIn hierdie studie is die aard en gevolge van bendegeweld onder kinders in die vroeë adolessente jare by bendegeteisterde skole in die Wes-Kaap ondersoek ten einde terapeutiese riglyne te bepaal vir leerders wat bendegeweld by die skool ervaar. Die verskynsel van bendegeweld is in die literatuur ondersoek. Die bio-ekologiese teorie van Urie Bronfenbrenner het as teoretiese grondslag vir die navorsing gedien, welke teorie die wedersydse invloed wat persone en hul omgewing op mekaar het, beskryf. Trauma by die vroeë adolessent en drie bestaande modelle vir traumaberading word bespreek, waarna ’n stel maatstawwe vir ’n traumaberadingsmodel uit die drie modelle sowel as die literatuur gekies word. Die empiriese navorsing is deur middel van sowel kwantitatiewe- as kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gedoen. ’n Fokusgroepbespreking én onderhoude met onderwysers en skoolhoofde het plaasgevind om diepgaande inligting oor behoeftes ná voorvalle van bendegeweld te verkry. Twee in-diepte onderhoude is met persone wat kenners op die gebied van bendes en bendegeweld is, gevoer. Vervolgens is twee vraelyste, een vir leerders en een vir onderwysers en skoolhoofde, opgestel om vas te stel watter hulp hulle met betrekking tot ’n trauma-intervensieprogram benodig. Die studie het bevind dat bendegeweld leerders se akademiese prestasie sowel as hul emosionele en sosiale funksionering raak, terwyl dit gevoelens van magteloosheid en frustrasie by onderwysers en skoolhoofde veroorsaak. Die studie sluit af met ’n verskeidenheid aanbevelings oor die daarstel van terapeutiese riglyne vir opvoeders om die impak van bendegeweld op leerders by skole in bendegeteisterde gebiede te hanteer.
This study investigated the nature and effects of gang violence among children in the early adolescent stage of development at gang-infested schools in the Western Cape in order to identify therapeutic guidelines for learners who experience gang violence at school. The phenomenon of gang violence was explored in the literature study. The bioecosystems theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner was employed as the theoretical basis for the study, which describes the reciprocal influence between humans and their environment. Early adolescent trauma and three existing models for trauma counselling are discussed, followed by the selection of a set of criteria for a trauma counselling model based on the three models as well as the literature studied. The empirical research was carried out through both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. A focus group discussion as well as interviews with educators and principals were conducted in order to obtain in-depth information on their needs after incidents of gang violence. Two in-depth interviews have been conducted with professionals who are experts in the domain of gangs and gang related violence. This led to the development of two questionnaires, one for learners and one for educators and principals, to determine what type of support they need in terms of a trauma intervention programme. The study found that gang violence severely affects learners’ academic performance as well as their emotional and social functioning, while it creates feelings of frustration and powerlessness among teachers and principals. The study concludes by offering a range of recommendations for the formulation of therapeutic guidelines for educators to address the effects of gang violence on learners who attend schools in gang-infested areas.
Psychology of Education
D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)