Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thérapies antirétrovirales'
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Martinez, Alvaro. "Triglyceride metabolism and antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection : role of ApoAV." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066070.
Full textKouanfack, Charles. "Accès au traitement antirétroviral en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T024.
Full textAlthough access to Antiretroviral therapy for Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) in low income countries has been increasing, there still remain many challenges. In this framework our thesis carried in Cameroon was based on patient adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), HIV reistance to ART and decentralization of ART availability to district rural hospitals. We demonstrated that adherencemeasured using a face-te-face questionnaire (classical methode) does not correlate with the virological response when compared to plasma concentration measurement of medication. On the other hand our study of resistance of HIV to ART revealed a relatively low level of resistance (4,4% after 12 months and 16,9% after 24 months of treatment) in patients follow-up on a routine basis, that the WHO recommended second line ART regimens were efficient in almost all the patients (96%) with previous major resistance, and that the WHO recommended threshold for viral load to switch ART regimens in case of therapeutic failure in the absence of resistance test was adequate in 70% of cases. Finally, we observed that 1/4 of patients placed on ART based on WHO recommended criteria for decentralized zones had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/ml
Sasomsin, Patrinée. "Déterminants de l'accouchement prématuré chez les femmes VIH positives, rôle du traitement antirétroviral de la mère." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077171.
Full textMenkova, Inna. "Etude du développement lymphoïde T à partir des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques CD34+ chez les patients infectés par le VIH-1 et traités par une thérapie antirétrovirale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0087.
Full textDespite the efficient reduction of the HIV replication, the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (c-ART) is not systematically accompanied by the restoration of the peripheral T CD4+ lymphocyte compartment. The life expectancy and quality are severely impacted in individuals with immunological failure. Together with peripheral abnormalities, an alteration of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor may explain the frequency of the cytopenia observed in the latest stages of the disease. While a direct infection of CD34+ progenitors is thought to be extremely rare, quantitative studies performed in vitro have highlighted the impairment of the differentiation potential of these cells.We selected and matched individuals infected with HIV presenting extremely opposite immunological profile in response to c-ART as well as non-infected donors. The Immune Responders (IR) and Immune Non Responders (INR) treated since more than 8 years, presented similar characteristics for each parameter known to be involved in poor reconstitution of immune system. INR patients showed chronic immune activation, persistent inflammation and thymic regeneration failure. The frequency of circulating CD34 hematopoietic progenitors being not different between both groups of patients, we analyzed the differentiation potential of these cells at pre-thymic stages of lymphopoiesis.Using a co-culture system of hematopoietic progenitors with stromal cell lines OP9-DL1 (T-cell assay) or MS5 (B- and NK-cells assay) with appropriate cytokines, we highlighted an alteration of T-cell differentiation potential in INRs impacting their peripheral restoration. This was not observed in IRs who were similar to non-HIV donors. On the other hand, NK-cell differentiation potential was impaired in both groups of patients in comparison to non-HIV donors. Lastly, no abnormalities in B-cell potential were revealed.Studying molecular pathways involved in T-cell specification (Notch), proliferation (IL-7/IL7R) and survival (Fas/FasL, TNFR, caspase-1, P2X7) we observed the decreased viability of hematopoietic progenitors in HIV patients with increased caspase-1 activation involved in cellular death by pyroptosis. Moreover, expression of some Notch target genes was clearly Notch-independent. However, differences in transcriptional profile of BCL11B between IRs and INRs allowed us to postulate that T-cell differentiation is promoted over NK-cell differentiation in IR patients. Finally, CD34+ cells from INRs presented P2X7 overexpression (extracellular ATP receptor) and absence of CD73 ectonucleotidase (ATP hydrolysis) pointing out their increased susceptibility to extracellular nucleotides.Taken together our data, we postulate that highly inflammatory microenvironment of hematopoietic progenitor’s bone marrow niche disturbs their survival and differentiation in HIV patients. Thus, increased cellular death of CD34+ cells and probably neighboring cells amplifies the local inflammation. This is compensated in some patients by enhanced T-cell differentiation of CD34+ progenitors and results in immunological success. When it is not the case, the alteration of lymphopoiesis is important and the absence of reconstitution of peripheral T CD4+ lymphocyte compartment is noted. We believe have identified the population of HIV-infected individuals who will benefit from occasional administration of anti-inflammatory drugs (such as P2X7 antagonists)
Ateba, ndongo Francis. "Traitement antirétroviral précoce des nourrissons infectés par le VIH-1 : évaluation de la réponse virologique à court et moyen termes dans un pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne (Cameroun) Could caregiver reporting adherence help detect virological failure in Cameroonian early treated HIV-infected infants Virological response to early combined antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected infants: evaluation after 2 years of treatment in the PEDIACAM study, Cameroon Low Birth Weight in Perinatally HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: Observations in Urban Settings in Cameroon Feasibility of Routinely Offering Early Combined Antiretroviral Therapy to HIV-infected Infants in a Resource-limited Country: The ANRS-PediaCAM Study in Cameroon Different factors associated with loss to follow-up of infants born to HIV-infected or uninfected mothers: observations from the ANRS12140-PEDIACAM study in Cameroon Cytomegalovirus infection in HIV-infected versus non-infected infants and HIV disease progression in Cytomegalovirus infected versus non-infected infants early treated with cART in the ANRS 12140—Pediacam study in Cameroon." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS322.
Full textIntroduction: Since 2015, the WHO recommends to start antiretroviral treatment promptly in all HIV-infected children in order to reduce HIV related mortality. Despite increasing availability of screening tests and antiretroviral drugs, early initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains challenging in resource-limited countries. The ANRS 12140-Pediacam study assesses feasibility, effectiveness and tolerability in routine practice of early treatment of HIV-infected children in Cameroon. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are to study mortality and virologic response at 2 and 4 years of early initiation of ART in HIV-infected infants and identify factors associated with virologic success. Methods: The analysis concerned the 190 HIV-infected infants who have initiated ART no later than 1 year (median=4 months) and were enrolled in the 3 Cameroon clinical sites involved in the PEDIACAM prospective cohort study since 2007. The first study evaluated adherence criterium based on the number of missed doses as reported through an adherence questionnaire in oerder to detect virologic failure in infants. The second study concerned the evaluation of the frequency and the factors associated with virologic success and mortality at 2 years of ART initiation, using competing risk regression. The third study concerned the evolution of virologic response between 2 and 4 years of QRT initiation depending on virologic status achieved at 2 years of ART initiation. Results: The performances of adherence questionnaire administered to the infant's caregiver are limited; the positive predictive value is low for detecting virologic failure in the absence of viral load exam. The mortality is high at 1 year after early ART initiation (18.0% [95% CI: 13.0 – 24.0]). The mortality is 3.3% [95%CI: 0.4 – 6.2] between 2 and 4 years of ART initiation. The probability of achieving at least once virologic success within the first 2 years of ART is around 80.0% but the probability of maintaining virologic success for at least 6 months was 67% for threshold=1000 copies/mL and 60% for threshold=400 copies/mL. At 4 years of ART initiation, the proportion of virologic success (viral load<400 copies/mL) is 75.2% [68.3-82.1]) in the 144 children still alive among whom viral load exam was not performed. The only factor associated with virologic success at 2 years of ART initiation is good adherence as reported by the caregiver. Et seuls un succès virologique obtenu à 2 ans et l’initiation plus récente du traitement antirétroviral sont associés à un charge virale contrôlée à 4 ans.Conclusion: Although the interest of early ART in HIV-infected infants is demonstrated, the mid and long term virologic success pass through strategies enhancing supporting steady and daily administration of drugs and regular monitoring of virologic response. The steady evaluation of adherence as reported by questionnaire has a very low performance for early detecting virologic failure. It is urgent to widely get access to routine viral load exam in resource-limited countries for quickly detecting virologic failures in children receiving antiretroviral treatment
Tran, Tu-Anh. "Mécanismes de persistance du VIH chez les patients sous traitement anti-rétroviral prolongé et efficace." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077095.
Full textThe aim of our work was to study the mechanisms for HIV persistance in patients on long-term and effective HAART. During long-term HAART, HIV persists latently in a small pool of resting long-lived CD4 T cells. This invariably leads to rebound viral replication when HAART is discontinued and represents a major barrier to curing the infection. Here we examined the place of quiescent CD25hi FoxP3⁺ regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) in this latent reservoir Even after 8 years of effective HAART, we found latently infected Tregs with integrated replication-competent virus. Regardless of the time on HAART, latently infected cells appear more abundant in the Treg subset than in non-Tregs. This may be related to Treg features such as hyporesponsiveness and inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-related functions upon activation. The estimated half-life of the Treg and non-Treg reservoirs was similar, at 20 and 23 months respectively. We have demonstrated in vitro the effectiveness of the Histone deacetylase inhibitors in inducing viral expression in quiescent Tregs without full cell activation, making them accessible to CTL In this work, we also demonstrated that double LTR episomal HIV DNA was not stable and should be considered as potential markers of residual HIV replication during HAART
Brice, Joséphine. "Caractérisation du réservoir viral et des anticorps chez des enfants infectés par le VIH en suppression virologique au Mali." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS506.
Full textAbsence of detectable HIV viremia treatment cessation in 3 children suggests that very early could lead to functional cure. The main objective is to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize viral reservoir and anti-HIV-1 antibodies virologically suppressed children in order to identify factors associated with their decrease. This is a prospective cross-sectional study included 97 children at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital (Bamako, Mali). They had a median age of 9.8 years at time of inclusion and 3.3 years at treatment initiation with a median HAART duration of 5.4 years. The median total HIV-DNA level was 445 copies/106 PBMCs, the median anti-gp41 antibodies activity was 0.29 optical density and the median HIV antibody level was 14.1 S/CO. We showed a high prevalence of HIV-1 resistance in HIV-DNA. Eight seroreversions were identified. A low anti-gp41 antibody activity was associated with both a younger age at HAART initiation and a lower level of anti-HIV antibodies. A lower anti-HIV antibodies level was associated with a younger age at HAART initiation. A significant proportion of virologically suppressed VHIV children who initiated HAART before the age of 2 years stopped to produce and/or progressively lost the HIV antibodies
Pélerin, Hélène. "Les inhibiteurs de la protéase du VIH-1, les analogues non nucléosidiques de la transcriptase inverse du VIH-1 et la barrière hémato-encéphalique au cours de l'infection à VIH-1 : impact des protéines de détoxification dans la biodisponibilité cérabrale des antirétroviraux." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114825.
Full textThe use of protease inhibitors (PIs) or non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs), appeared to protect specifically against acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome dementia complex, suggesting that, in this condition, therapy might have a direct, additive effect in the central nervous system (CNS). However, several evidences suggest that these drugs and more particularly PIs are limited CNS or cerebrospinal fluid penetration due to the presence of efflux proteins like ABC multidrug transporters (P-gp, MRPs, BCRP) at level of the BBB and epithelial plexus choroïde. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments has failed to resolve whether ARV CNS penetration and cerebrospinal fluid virologic suppression are clinically important. Using a new analytical method and a new in vitro human BBB model, we demonstrated the involvement of P-gp, BCRP and CYP3A4 in a limited passage of APV, EFV and NFV through the BBB
Gallien, Sébastien. "Mutations secondaires lors des traitements antirétroviraux des patients infectés par le VIH-1 du groupe M : significations cliniques de l'échappement viral." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077219.
Full textVirologic failure, defined as a persistent detectable viremia under antiretroviral therapy, is mainly driven by the emergence of antiretroviral Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations (DRAM) in the target genes of antiretroviral drugs. Identifying these mutations usually requires viremia above 1000 copies/mL, explaining why resistance data in persistent HIV-1 low-level viremia (LLV) (< 1000 copies / ml) are scarce in spite of the fact that this clinical situation concerns 5 to 10 % of treated HIV-infected individuals. In this work, we studied DRAM in 3 cohorts of HIV-1 infected patients, who experienced LLV (< 500 to 1000 copies/ml) under antirétroviral therapy, and then attempted to identify clinical and virologic factors associated to their emergence. For patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy, new DRAM are detected during LLV in 37% subjects, all in the reverse transcriptase gene except in the protease gene in one participant, and detection of new DRAM is associated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels during LLV. Integrase inhibitors resistance-associated mutations are newly detected in 7,7 % of pretreated patients with multi-resistant virus strains who experienced LLV while receiving raltegravir-containing therapy, with no factors significantly associated with their emergence identified. Finally in a third cohort of patients, heterogeneous according to their antiretroviral history and their viral population, new DRAM are detected in 30 % of subjects for both reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase inhibitors, without any factor associated to their emergence. So, new DRAM can be detected during LLV under antiretroviral therapy, whereas their type and their frequency vary according to the current antiretroviral regimen and the previous archived viral mutations. These data underline the potential interest of drug résistance genotyping in this setting, in order to be able to provide an early therapeutic optimization, the utility of which should be assessed in the future
Milward, de Azevedo Meiners Constance Marie. "Pharmaceutical technology incorporation and affordability of HIV/AIDS treatment in developing countries : an analysis of the Brazilian response." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1100.
Full textIn 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new HIV/AIDS treatment recommendations which aim at improving the quality of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivered in developing countries. Nonetheless, the higher costs of incorporating new and more potent antiretrovirals (ARVs), coupled by the intensification of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection, put in evidence a growing trade-off between patient coverage expansion priorities and treatment quality objectives, which tend to favor the perpetuation of a double standard of HIV care in the world.This thesis aims at analyzing the determinants of technology incorporation and price evolution in HIV care as the basis for discussing how these can impact both the quality and affordability of ART in low and middle-income settings. The present research takes as reference the Brazilian ART policy and the insights it may provide in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The first part of this thesis addresses the criteria used for the incorporation of novel drugs in ART guidelines. Content and statistical analyses are used to examine the impact of ARV prices on therapeutic recommendations and how the latter have been able to influence clinical practice. They show that, although efficacy, toxicity and dosing convenience represent major determinants of ART incorporation decisions in Brazil, costs have most recently started influencing deferral in the use of new ARVs. The second part takes into account the role of patent protection on pharmaceutical innovation and pricing, further employing descriptive and econometric approaches to analyze ARV market structure and prices in Brazil
Laprise, Claudie. "Cohorte de patients avec le VIH/SIDA : échecs virologiques et effets de thérapies antirétrovirales sur la fonction rénale et l'hyperbilirubinémie." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10493.
Full textHuman immonudeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus causing a chronic infection responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a state of vulnerability of the body where different opportunistic infections will ultimately be fatal. About 30 years after the discovery of the virus, even if no vaccine is available to control the pandemia, situation has changed for the best. With the arrival of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the late 90's, a reduction in HIV/AIDS mortality rate and growing number of persons living with the infection were observed. The overall objective of this thesis was to address three problematic situations, despite recognised HAART efficacy, especially low-level viremia (LLV) and its relationship with virologic failure, and the impacts of certain antiretrovirals (ARV) on kidney and hepatic functions. The specific objectives were: 1) to study the risk of virologic failure in long-term perspective in undetectable patients under HAART in comparison to patients with persistent LLV; 2) to evaluate the long-term loss of kidney function related to tenofovir (TDF) exposure 3) to evaluate long-term hyperbilirubinemia related to atazanavir (ATV) exposure and other possible determinants. In order to address the three specific objectives, a cohort of patients 2416 living with HIV/AIDS followed in Montreal since July 1977 was used. For the first objective, analyses and results shown an increased risk of virological failure defined as >1000 copies/mL of HIV RNA, for all categories of persistent LLV as soon as 6 months of persistent duration. Persistent LLV of 50-199 copies/mL for 6 months doubled the risk of virologic failure (Hazard ratio (HR)=2,22, Confidence interval (CI) 95%: 1,60-3,09). The results shed new light for the management of patients with LLV, especially for LLV of 50-199 copies/mL, for which no clinical recommendation is currently available due to a lack of data. For the second objective, an increased risk of loss of kidney function of 63% (HR=1.63; 95% CI:1.26–2.10) associated to TDF exposure in comparison to patients taking other ARV was observed. The cumulative eGFR loss directly attribuable to TDF also shown that this loss occured during the first years of exposure. This loss was mild in a long-term perspective. For the third objective, it has been shown that the cumulative incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in ATV users was very high and that regression was possible if ATV exposure was ended. Long-term hyperbilirubinemia related to ATV use was not associated with adverse health outcome. Overall, this thesis allowed a better understanding of these three problematics currently debated in scientific literature and shed new lights on management of HIV positive patients under therapy.
Djeha, Améyo Xoxoabu. "Association entre la thérapie antirétrovirale et les biomarqueurs de la fonction placentaire pendant la grossesse." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21604.
Full textCattin, Amélie. "Contribution directe et indirecte des cellules myéloïdes à la persistance des réservoirs du VIH-1 sous thérapie antirétrovirale." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25293.
Full textSince the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, significant breakthroughs have led to efficient and sensitive viral tests, as well as potent antiviral therapies (ART). However, although ART controls viral replication to undetectable plasma levels, viral eradication is yet not achieved. Integrated HIV-DNA persists in different cell subsets, and viral replication resumes after treatment interruption. While HIV persistence is well characterized in CD4+ T-cells, the contribution of myeloid cells remains elusive. Notably, ART does not inhibit HIV transcription, thus allowing for residual viral replication in tissues such as the gut. This low level of viral replication contributes to chronic immune activation and represents a major challenge in developing a cure. Memory CD4+ T-cells bearing HIV reservoirs interact with dendritic cells (DCs) in an antigen specific manner, resulting in T-cell clonal expansion. Hence, we need to identify cellular signals provided by DCs that lead to transcriptional reactivation of HIV reservoirs. During my Ph.D., I studied the direct and indirect mechanisms by which myeloid cells contribute to HIV persistence during ART. In the first part of my thesis, I studied the direct contribution of myeloid subsets to the persistence of the HIV reservoir during ART. We demonstrated that HIV persistence in myeloid cells is a rare event in the blood and colon of ART-treated people living with HIV (PLWH). In parallel, we used humanized mice (hu-BLT) to explore the contribution of long-lived tissue-resident macrophages (LL-TRM), with embryonic origin and self-renewal capacity to the HIV reservoir during ART. We demonstrated that myeloid cells in this hu-BLT mouse model, are permissive to HIV infection, but are not HIV reservoirs during ART. These results point to the need for establishing new models allowing LL-TRM development for HIV reservoir studies. In the second part of my thesis, I studied the indirect contribution of DCs derived from classical (CD16-) or intermediate/non-classical (CD16+) monocyte origin. We identified that, in contrast to CD16- monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs), CD16+ MDDCs exhibit a superior activity of the RALDH enzyme, involved in retinoic acid metabolism, and a higher capacity to transmit HIV to CD4+ T-cells specific/reactivated to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, we demonstrated that RALDH+ MDDCs contribute to HIV reservoir establishment and reactivation in T-cells with specificity to non-HIV pathogens (e.g. S. aureus) through a retinoic acid-dependent mechanism in response to Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 stimulation. Together, these results underline the key role of CD16+ MDDCs and bacterial/fungal pathogens in fueling HIV reservoir establishment/outgrowth via a RALDH/RA-dependent mechanism that may be therapeutically targeted. In conclusion, my doctoral work demonstrated that, despite the rare direct contribution of myeloid cells to the HIV reservoir, these cells play an important indirect role through their ability to interact with CD4+ T-cells and to modulate their functions. These results extend the knowledge on the antigenic specificity of memory CD4+ T-cells harboring HIV reservoirs and they identify the RALDH/retinoic acid pathway as a potential therapeutic target to limit viral dissemination and persistence of viral reservoirs in mucosal sites.
Pardons, Marion. "Caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires et virologiques contribuant à la persistance du VIH-1 chez les individus sous thérapie antirétrovirale." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22561.
Full textColas, Chloé. "La greffe de thymus humain lors de l'humanisation des souris NOD/SCID/IL2Rγcnull: optimisation du modèle pour l’étude de la fonction des lymphocytes T humains in vivo." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23529.
Full textImmunodeficient mice engrafted with human immune system provide an exciting in vivo model for a better understanding of its functioning and for development of new therapies. Today, one of the most robust humanized mouse model is achieved by injecting human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from fetal liver along with an implantation of autologous fetal thymic tissue. This model, called BLT, was shown to be able to support an optimal T cell reconstitution, maturation and selection. BLT mice are extensively used for many studies such as understanding HIV biology or in regenerative medicine. Indeed, our work used BLT mice on one hand to study the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) during the HIV infection and on the other hand to better understand the formation of teratomes from iPSCs in vivo. However, one of the biggest limitations of this technique is the procurement of the fetal tissue. Here we describe a new protocol to do humanized mice engrafted with human thymus pieces by using more accessible materials: human thymus obtained during cardiac surgery and cord blood HSC. Indeed, thymus is spontaneously removed during cardiac surgery in neonates and young children, thus it is an easy and ethical way to obtain this tissue. Those thymuses pieces were implanted in the quadriceps of a immunodeficient mice, after being put in culture. CCST mice (Cord blood and Cardiac Surgery Thymus) exhibited a significant engraftment of T-cells, compared to humanized mice without thymus. T-cells from both CCST and BLT mice showed a similar function as evaluated by proliferation assays upon PHA stimulation ex vivo and rejection of allogeneic leukemic cells lines in vivo. CCST mice were susceptible to HIV-1 infection via mucosal or intraperitoneal route, as shown by detectable viral load, HIV DNA and p24+ cells, at similar levels to those of BLT mice. Importantly, CCST mice displayed more effective ex vivo HIV-1-specific T-cell responses compared to BLT. Upon antiretroviral treatment, CCST mice, like BLT, were able to diminish the viral load. Our data suggest that CCST mice represent an alternative to the regular BLT mouse model. Those easy-to-access thymuses can be used to generate a large number of mice compared to fetal thymuses.
Niessl, Julia. "Modulation of HIV-specific T cell responses during standard antiretroviral treatment and immunotherapy." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24606.
Full textOnly a small fraction of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops effective immune responses able to control the virus. In most individuals, the virus escapes the antiviral immune response and HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses become exhausted. Untreated progressive HIV infection also leads to alterations in HIV-specific CD4+ T cells. This includes increased expression of co-inhibitory receptors and skewing towards a T follicular helper cell (Tfh) signature. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective in controlling the HIV viral load at undetectable levels in the plasma. However, ART does not represent a cure as the virus integrates into the genome of infected cells from where the virus rebounds once ART is stopped. This demonstrates that the HIV-specific T cell immunity is not restored. However, the changes that are introduced during progressive infection and that are maintained after viral suppression with ART are poorly known. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent a potential alternative to ART. In addition to virus neutralization and unlike ART, bNAbs to do not limit HIV antigen availability and can engage the immune system. bNAb administration elicited adaptive immune responses that were associated with long-lasting viral control in a simian animal model but this has not been established in HIV-infected individuals. In this thesis, we therefore proceeded to study the modulation of HIV-specific T cell responses during standard ART and after an immunotherapeutic intervention using bNAbs. The first objective was to better understand persistent modulation of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses in ART-treated individuals. Our results demonstrated the persistent expansion of HIV-specific Tfh cell responses with multiple phenotypic and functional features that differed from Tfh cells specific for comparative viral antigens (cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus). These features were induced during chronic untreated HIV infection, persisted during ART and correlated with the translation-competent HIV reservoir. This suggests that persistent HIV antigen expression, despite effective ART, maintains these altered immunological features specifically for Tfh responses. For the second objective, we characterized changes in the HIV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunity after bNAb treatment and analytical treatment interruption (ATI). For this, we used samples obtained from participants enrolled in a clinical phase Ib study that received combined infusion of bNAbs 10-1074 and 3BNC117 and demonstrated prolonged viral suppression after ATI. In these individuals, we detected an increase of HIV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses during ART interruption when compared to baseline. Increased T cell responses were due to both expansion of pre-existing responses and the emergence of responses to new epitopes. In contrast, HIV-specific T cell responses remained unchanged in ART-treated individuals who did not receive bNAb infusions. This suggests that bNAb treatment and ATI is associated with increased HIV-specific T cell immunity while viral suppression is maintained. Together our results contribute to a better understanding of HIV-specific T cell responses during ART and immunotherapy treatment. Our findings may help to develop more effective HIV treatment strategies to improve the host’s immune system so that HIV can be controlled without the need for ART.