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1
Bailey, Gavin. "Bridging the Gap Between the Digital and Print Reading Experience." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 11, no. 4 (October 2019): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2019100102.
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This article outlines the research the author conducted to date during his PhD. His PhD, “Augmenting the Reading Experience,” looks at methods to improve the reading experience for both digital and printed methods. So far, he has developed a prototype device that uses paper as an input method to interact with digital books. Turning a physical paper page causes an e-reader device to progress through the book, allowing the reader to have the user experience of a printed book, whilst also benefiting from the digital conveniences and features. Many modern readers own the same book in a number of formats and switch between them depending on the scenario. This introduces the problem of transitioning between formats. His current project the “Digital Bookmark” looks to allow seamless transitioning from one format to another by obtaining the latest page number and broadcasting it to all formats the reader is currently using.
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Akhmad Hanafi Dain Yunta and Awal Rifai Wahab. "الفروق الفقهية في كتب فروع المذهب الشافعي." البصيرة: مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36701/bashirah.v2i1.332.
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Some fuqaha of syafiiyah in describing problems that have the same form but different laws which later became known as furuq fiqhiyyah, fuqaha of syafiiyah has been very prominent in describing furuq fiqhiyyah in the books of furu' mazhab. After reading some of the problems of furuq fiqhiyyah in some of these furu' books, the author finds that there is a difference between one writer and another in describing this furuq fiqhiyyah. Therefore, we need an initial article that explains the general guidelines about furuq fiqhiyyah. The author in this study uses the inductive deductive method by doing a general reading of several books of furu schools of syafiyyah, then concludes the method of describing their furuq fiqhiyyah. The conclusion that the authors get is that fuqaha of syafiiyah in describing furuq fiqhiyyah in the furu' mazhab book uses several categories: first: based on the mention of lafadz furuq used, second: based on the mention of he different sides of the two problems, third: based on the cause and background and the intention of furuq fiqhiyyah mentioned, fourth: based on the basis and origin of this furuq fiqhiyyah, and fifth: based on whether the two problems mentioned in this problem originate from one chapter of fiqh or come from different chapters
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Sun, Hao. "Ron Scollon, Mediated discourse: The nexus of practice. London & New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. ix, 182. Pb $29.80; and Yuling Pan, Suzanne Wong Scollon, & Ron Scollon. Professional communication in international settings. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. Pp. x, 240. Hb $73.95." Language in Society 32, no. 5 (November 2003): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503255056.
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Mediated Discourse (MD) reports a longitudinal study of the development of a one-year-old child, focusing on a single, narrowly defined social practice – handing, or “the simple practice of giving an object to another person” (p. 12). In this book, R. Scollon proposes a framework of mediated discourse to address social (practice) theory, which was “badly in need of an ontogenetic view of social practice” (vii).Although Ron Scollon is an author of both books under review, the second differs from the first, theoretical, work in focusing on practical application. Professional communication in international settings (PCIIS) is an excellent book that is much needed by professionals, researchers, trainers, or anyone else involved in business or professional communication across cultural boundaries. Different from many other books on the same subject, its goal is to offer a method for effective communication, and it can be used as either a textbook or a reference.
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Khasavnekh, Alsu A. "Rizaeddin Fakhreddin and his Biographical Book “Mashkhur Khatynnar” (“Famous Women”)." Historical Ethnology 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2020-5-2.306-317.
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The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze a prominent 19th century Tatar scholar Rizaeddin Fakhreddin’s two voluminous biographic works – the printed book “Mashkhur Khatynnar” (“Famous Women”), published in 1904 in Orenburg, as well as a manuscript version of the same book written in 1934. The second book is more extensive in its content than the first version; it has extended due to Tatar women’s added biographies, mainly contemporaries of the author. The study examines the printed book structure and reveals the features and remarkable aspects of one or another of its sections. “Mashkhur Khatynnar” (“Famous Women”) is a serious and multifaceted biographic composition of encyclopedic format. In compiling it, the author used materials from Ibn al-Jawzi, at-Tabari, Aristotle, A. Schopenhauer, and other famous luminaries of world science of a diverse thematic spectrum, including history, geography, natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, etc. In the book, especially in the preface part, the female question is sharply discussed. The author focuses on the issue of providing women with full education and upbringing in the best Muslim traditions. This work is unique because neither before Fakhreddin nor after him, similar works on biographies of women known in the Islamic world has not written in the Tatar world.
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Chamot, Anna Uhl. "UNDERSTANDING SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING DIFFICULTIES.Madeline E. Ehrman. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996. Pp. xvii + 346. $25.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 20, no. 3 (September 1998): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263198293065.
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The purpose of this book is to provide language teachers with insights and tools for understanding some of the reasons why their adult students often encounter less-than-smooth sailing when trying to learn another language. The book explores a variety of case studies that involve real students, thus bringing to life the human dimension of the learning difficulties presented. Although some examples of ESL students are provided, the major focus is on foreign language learners. Ehrman's felicitous writing style ensures that the book reads like an extended and intellectually stimulating conversation with the author.
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Calver, M. C., J. B. Fontaine, and T. E. Linke. "Publication models in a changing environment: bibliometric analysis of books and book chapters using publications by Surrey Beatty & Sons." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (2013): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130394.
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Expectations and patterns of publication have changed markedly with evolving online availability and associated development of new citation gathering databases. Perhaps the most vulnerable components of the scientific literature to ongoing change are books and book chapters, given their elongated publication timelines and generally more limited online availability. To test this, we applied citation analyses and assessments of library holdings to determine the use of the natural history books published by Surrey Beatty & Sons between 1987 and 2010. We (i) evaluated the relative use of book chapters and journal papers by comparing citations to chapters in the five books of the Nature Conservation series by Surrey Beatty & Sons to citations of journal chapters in four Australian journals published in the same years, (ii) determined the efficacy of four different databases in retrieving citations to book chapters by comparing their recovery of citations to the five books of the Nature Conservation series, and (iii) quantified noncitation measures related to library holdings to evaluate the use of the books on the entire Surrey Beatty & Sons list. Mean citations/chapter to the first three books in the Nature Conservation series were similar to the mean citations/ paper in four Australian journals published in the same years. However, the mean citations/chapter of the last two books declined relative to citations/paper for the journals, suggesting a fall in book use evident by early this century. Citation retrieval varied across databases; Google Scholar retrieved most citations, followed by Scopus, Web of Science (Cited Reference Search) and Web of Knowledge. Contrary to published concerns, no citations retrieved by Google Scholar were in questionable sources such as contents pages - many were from highly ranked journals. Each book in the full Surrey Beatty & Sons list was held by an average of 45.3 libraries in Australia and 36.1 in the USA, and less than five in each of the UK, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Canada, Germany and South Africa. This was a similar coverage to another Australian publisher, the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, and indicated strong markets in Australia and the USA. It was less, though, than the number of libraries with current or past subscriptions to five Australian journals publishing nature conservation content. We conclude that citation data for books and book chapters are available and that library holdings provide another measure of use. The online ‘visibility’ of books may be a problem, but can be improved through better marketing and improved author search techniques.
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van Dam, Harm-Jan. "Second Thoughts? Ordinum Pietas and the Tractatus de Jure Magistratuum." Grotiana 34, no. 1 (2013): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-03400008.
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Within 10 months after the publication of Ordinum Pietas Grotius finished work on another book partly on the same subject, his Tractatus de jure magistratuum, which remained unpublished. In 1997 that work was rediscovered in manuscript form. In this paper the author examines the differences and correspondences between the two treatises, and gives a characterization of them. He suggests answers to the question why Grotius wrote the Tractatus as he did, and why he did not publish it after all.
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Popovich, Ljubica. "Prophets carrying texts by other authors in Byzantine painting: Mistakes or intentional substitutions?" Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 44 (2007): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0744229p.
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Since there are no two identical churches in Byzantine art, consequently there are no two identical iconographic programs. This observation also applies to the representation of prophets in the drums of the domes or in other locations in Byzantine churches. Research dealing with this group of Old Testament figures reveals many variations regarding the planned selection of prophets and choices of the texts that they carry inscribed on their scrolls. This study examines the instances when one of the authors of the prophetic books carries the text by another author. These occurrences are neither frequent nor accidental. Such deviations from standard practice that are explored in this article demonstrate the following: first of all exchanges of text can occur due to the mistake by the artist, as exemplified in the Palace Chapel in Palermo, or by the mistake of the person who inscribed the texts, as in the Chapel of Joachim and Anna in the Monastery Studenica. Secondly, in a number of monuments the text-bearer and the selection of the text by another prophet-author are not accidental. For example, if a number of quotations to be used are chosen from the book by the prophet Isaiah, and he is only represented once, because repetition of the same prophet within a group of Old Testament figures was not practiced, what is to be done? Therefore, other, usually minor, prophets, were selected to hold the scrolls inscribed with the text by other authors, for example Isaiah. Such cases are well documented in the churches of Panagia ton Chalkeon and the Holy Apostles in Thessalonike, and in the church of the Resurrection in Verroia, where the selection of prophets? quotations, usually inspired by the liturgical tradition, furthermore serves to underscore a certain idea of a theological or iconographic nature.
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Běhalová, Štěpánka. "The Journey of the Spiritual Song Pozdvihni se duše z prachu [Raise, Thou Soul, Thyself from the Dust] from a Printed Broadside to a Hymn Book." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 62, no. 1-2 (2017): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amnpsc-2017-0007.
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The article deals with the publication of the song for the Holy Mass with the incipit Pozdvihni se duše z prachu [Raise, Thou Soul, Thyself from the Dust] in the 19th century. The author of the text of this song is the Premonstratensian Eugen Karel Tupy, also known under the pseudonym Boleslav Jablonsky. This song for the Holy Mass is included in the current unified hymn book in the section of the Ordinary and common chants of the Mass as number 517. In the 19th century, the song was published in several types of printed media. Its earliest extant edition is a broadside from 1845, which was followed by similar editions from 1849 and 1850, 1854, 1855, 1859 and another two undated. In 1852, the author himself included it in the second edition of the prayer book Růže sionská [The Rose of Zion], although it is not part of the first edition from 1845. In the same year, the song was included in the hymn book Písně ke mši svaté pro školní mládež [Songs for the Holy Mass for School Children] and three years later in a hymn book from the same printing house Písně ke mši svaté, k úžitku osady Hostounské a Únětické [Songs for the Holy Mass to Be Used in the Settlements of Hostouň and Unětice] and in 1860 in the Zpěvník pro chrám, školu i dům [The Hymnal for Church, School and Home]. At that time, it also appeared in the contemporary Perla pravých křesťanů [A Pearl of True Christians], compiled by František Křenek and published in 1860, as well as in the prayer book Květinná malá zahrádka [A Small Flower Garden], published in the printing house of Alois Josef Landfras and his son in Jindřichův Hradec around 1860. The song was also included in Písně a modlitby pro studující katolickou mládež [Songs and Prayers for Young Catholic Students] by Blahorod Čap, who had the collection printed in Litomyšl in 1869. The penetration of the text of the song by a renowned poet and writer from broadsides to hymnals and prayer books provides interesting and rare evidence of the journey of an artificial song to the unified hymn book.
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Trawińska, Maria. "Z badań nad rękopisem wielkopolskiej księgi ziemskiej. Problem transliteracji." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 (September 25, 2015): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2012.006.
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Researching the manuscript of Wielkopolska Land Book: a transliteration problemThe paper discusses the fourteenth century use of minuscule in Polish and Latin records. The present analysis of the book’s excerpts shows that the use of majuscule letters is, generally speaking, determined by the individual writing style. One of the authors employed the letters at the beginning of proper names, but at the same time there was a group of records that did not follow the rule, these being proper names written in lower-case letters and common nouns written in upper-case letters. The matter looks quite different in another author who clearly favored miniscule letters, as he used them in the most of proper names. This varied use of majuscule letters by various judiciary writers ought to be faithfully rendered in the transliteration of the manuscript.
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UNCU, Edith Adriana. "Review of the Volume ”O scurtă istorie a bibliotecilor bizantine” [A Brief History of Byzantine Libraries], Author: Silviu – Constantin Nedelcu, Lumen Publishing House, 2020." Journal of Mediation & Social Welfare 2, no. 1 (2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/jmsw/2.1/15.
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The volume, “A brief history of Byzantine libraries”, published by Lumen Publishing House, from Iași, Romania, in 2020, is authored by Silviu-Constantin Nedelcu, a librarian at the Library of the Romanian Academy within the National Bibliography Service. He has two bachelor degrees, one issued by the Faculty of Orthodox Theology "Justinian Patriarch" from Bucharest, specializing in Orthodox Pastoral Theology (2011), followed by a master's degree at the same faculty, and another issued by the University of Bucharest, specializing in Information and Documentation Sciences (2015). The author also has a PhD degree awarded by the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bucharest (2013-2018) with the thesis "The journal" The Churce's Voive": A critical study and bibliographic index". The book is prefaced by Protos. Assist. Prof. PhD. Maxim Vlad from the Faculty of Orthodox Theology, covers 128 pages (including bibliography), representing in fact the re-edition of the author's bachelor's thesis, based on a seminar paper regarding the Librarian in the Byzantine Empire (330-1453), defended by the author in 2013 at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bucharest.
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Xiang, Sunny. "The Ethnic Author Represents the Body Count." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, no. 2 (March 2018): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.2.420.
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Reviews of viet thanh nguyen's the sympathizer (2015) regularly cite the vietnamese-french-american protagonist's self-characterization: “I am a spy, a sleeper, a spook, a man of two faces” (1). A less-cited version of the same characterization appears later in the novel: “I am a lie, a keeper, a book. No! I am a fly, a creeper, a gook. No! I am—I am—I am—” (325). Nguyen's unnamed narrator, a Northern Vietnamese spy with Southern sympathies, has exploited, betrayed, and even murdered his own. If the above statements are any indication, this Cold War history of slippery allegiances takes an existential toll. But the second statement adds a layer of intrigue. With rhyme, anaphora, and considerable theatrical aplomb, it transmutes ethnic duplicity into literary figuration and casts the narrator as another murderer with a fancy prose style. Murder and style, though, are not Nguyen's only connection to Vladimir Nabokov, whom Mark McGurl takes as iconic of the “codification and intensification of modernist reflexivity in the form of … ‘metafiction’” (9). Like Lolita and much of Nabokov's other fiction, The Sympathizer and many of Nguyen's writings hold up that special mirror of “modernist reflexivity.” For Nguyen, however, the chance to wield this mirror comes with the added responsibility of being a Vietnamese American author writing about Vietnamese America. Hence, if Nabokov's iction delivered “an elaborately performative ‘I am’” that enabled his “programmatic self-establishment” (10), Nguyen's equally performative “I am” instantiates not only an authorial program but also a political program of ethnic representation.
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Rácz, Jozsef. "Questions on the Interpretation of Drug Users' Autobiographies in a Country in the “Early” Phase of Drug Use." Contemporary Drug Problems 33, no. 1 (March 2006): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090603300105.
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Illegal drug use in Hungary became a mass phenomenon after the political changes of 1990. It is only recently that autobiographies of recovered drug users and their family members have been written and published. The present author suggests that since the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) approach has no traditional roots in Hungary, recovery stories are obliged to follow another master narrative. All of these stories were published in book form. The author analyzes the various narratives partly through the lens of Frank-style illness narratives and partly using self-pluralistic theories. The latter (primarily using Hermans notion of the dialogic self) provide a good theoretical basis for analyzing the processes active in the personality of a drug user and for showing the “retrospective” construction work that accompanies recovery (which in fact takes place at the same time as recovery). In this case, the spatial interpretation of individual self-positions and the dialogical relationship that developed between them proved particularly useful.
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Dar, Showkat Ahmad. "Naser Ghobadzadeh, Religious Secularity: A Theological Challenge to the Islamic State." ICR Journal 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i1.294.
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This book is an important - though controversial - addition to the discourse surrounding Islamic political thought. It traces its lineage to the debate advocating a separation of religion and politics. By putting this politico-religious discourse into a new oxymoronic term, ‘religious secularity’, the author attempts to construct another theological challenge to the concept of an Islamic state. Hailing from Iran, Dr. Naser Ghobadzadeh (currently a Research Fellow at the Institute for Social Justice, the Australian Catholic University), examines Islamic politico-religious discourse in the context of his homeland. Briefly reviewing the political struggles Muslims have faced during the second half of the twentieth century while trying to fulfil their aspirations of establishing an Islamic state, he attempts to describe the parallel Iranian quest for a democratic secular state. Being aware of the varied definitions and understandings of the term ‘secularism’, he intentionally uses the term ‘secularity’ to clarify the distinction between the emerging discourse in Iran and the conventional understanding of secularism as a global paradigm. This discourse, according to the author, was first developed following a series of articles written by Abdulkarim Soroush in 1989, in which the latter emphasized a separation of religion from religious knowledge (p.25). The author ignores, however, the Sunni scholar, Shaykh Ali Abdul Raziq, who, in his book entitled al-Islam wa usul al-Hukm (1925), held the same view. This might be because of the author’s focus on Shi'ite political thought.
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Carvalho, İmren Gökce Vaz de. "Repurposed texts and translation: the case of José Saramago’s El Silencio del Agua in Turkish." Translation Matters 3, no. 1 (2021): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21844585/tm3_1a4.
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: This article focuses on the Turkish translation of a picturebook by Portuguese Nobel laureate author José Saramago, first published in 2012 after the author’s death. The source text for this translation was a Spanish picturebook for children, El Silencio del Agua, created by the Barcelona-based publisher Libros del Zorro Rojo in 2011 by publishing an excerpt from the Spanish translation of Saramago’s book As Pequenas Memórias(Las Pequeñas Memorias, 2007) as an illustrated stand-alone children’s book. This represents a repurposing of the work since both As Pequenas Memóriasand Las Pequeñas Memoriastargeted an adult readership. The Turkish picturebook, translated from the “original”Spanish picturebook, was published with the same illustrations by Manuel Estrada. Meanwhile, the Portuguese work As Pequenas Memóriashad also been translated into Turkish, much before the publication of the picturebook, by another translator directly from Portuguese. Inthis study, the two Turkish translations (the Turkish picturebook and the equivalent passage from the Turkish translation of the ultimate source text) are compared to find out how repurposing a text originally written for adult readership as children’s literature influences its translation. The case of El Silencio del Aguain Turkish also raises interesting questions about how the cultural status of author and translator affects translation, as well as touching on current debates taking place in the spheres of children’s literature, retranslation, indirect translation, and reception studies.
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Łukaszuk, Małgorzata. "Glosa do nienapisanej Historii Nowoczesnej Literatury Polskiej Aleksandra Wata." Colloquia Litteraria 12, no. 1 (November 18, 2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/cl.2012.1.8.
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Commentary on the unwritten history of modern Polish literature of Aleksander Wat The starting point for further consideration is for the author the intriguing convergence between the modern division of twentieth-century literature, proposed by Michał Paweł Markowski (for the “conservative” and “critical” modernism), and related to the same topic more than half century earlier Wat’s intuitions. In his Dziennik bez samogłosek [Diary without Vowels] (from January 1964) arguing with Milosz (who once teased Wat with a careless treatment of his work JA z jednej strony i JA z drugiej strony mego mopsożelaznego piecyka [Me from One Side and Me from the Other Side of My Pug Iron Stove]) draws an original story of Polish literature. Among important to Wat’s number of authors like Witkacy, Leśmian, Białoszewski and Różewicz, the author focuses on the last two, explaining why they occupy such a high place in Wat’s hierarchy. “Baka’s child” Białoszewski is dear to Wat because of the discoveries in the language area, and Różewicz on the other hand, although his presence in this statement may appear surprising, is for Wat a successor to the “full” stylistic secession. Another of the interesting to Wat writers – Gombrowicz, awakens in him ambivalent feelings from unrelenting criticism of a fellow writer (“complete ignorance”), to admiration of the Kosmos [Cosmos] (“Kosmos is a great book”).
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Kiselyova, M. S. "Gorky’s ‘old men’: Trial, faith and life across time." Voprosy literatury, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2019-4-135-158.
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In its examination of M. Gorky’s play The Old Man [Starik] (1917) the article deals with the question of whether a person’s discretion to judge another human being conforms to Christian ethics. The article approaches the problem, first of all, in the sense of one’s understanding of the meaning of life in the context of one’s past and present, and, secondly, in relation to the events of Russian history between the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, the first year of the Bolsheviks’ dictatorship. In addition, the author draws parallels with other types of ‘old men’ in Gorky’s books. The main node of the plot is presented as a merger of three topics: the passing and purpose of a human life, the (im)possibility for a man to judge another man, and manifestation of faith. The author highlights the differences in the writer’s treatment of the Old Man from the eponymous 1909 vignette, where he is shown in the modus of personal choice, and the Old Man from the play, using the epic modus of time and fate. The author argues that the play returns the same verdict to the society as in Gorky’s Untimely Thoughts [Nesvoevremennye mysli] (1917–1918), in which he analyzes the chaos of the revolution and peoples’ abuse of discretion.
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Esipova, V. A. "Manuscripts in V. A. Zhukovsky’s collection associated with the name of Cesarevich Alexander Nikolayevich." Bibliosphere, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2017-3-51-55.
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The article considers five manuscripts related to the name of Cesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, which nowadays are stored in V.A. Zhukovsky’s collection of Tomsk State University Research Library (Tomsk, Russia). It gives brief manuscripts descriptions, as well as information about their authors; describes some aspects of Cesarevich and his tutor relationships reflected in the manuscripts stories. One manuscript belonged to Cesarevich is devoted to describing the composition and administrative structure of the Russian Empire. Its content and presentation character correspond to educational principles preached by Zhukovsky: «It is better less, but well learnt, than much, but poorly learnt». Another manuscript «Brief review of the Comissariat in historical and statistical aspects» is devoted to the history of the Comissariat Department of the Military Ministry. Probably, its author was S. Shipov, who expected to present the manuscript to Cesarevich; the dedication to hum is seen at the beginning of the text. However, for different reasons, the presentation did not take place, and the manuscript remained in Zhukovsky’s library. One more manuscript was also intended for presenting to Cesarevich. It is «The feeling of a Russian on the return of the adored Sovereign heir from a voyage across Russia». Two more manuscripts from Zhukovsky’s library were written with the same handwriting: «The Sacred Tribute of a Russian or Patriotic Offering» and «A Lost Mortgage or Half an Hour of Testing». The author hypothizes that all three manuscripts are associated with the name of a serf self-taught poet S. Sibiryakov, whose fate was actively paticipated by Zhukovsky. Thus, three manuscripts from Zhukovsky’s library can be viewed as related to Cesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich. They allowed imagining various aspects of the relationships between the Cesarevich and his tutor. One of them is the education of attitudes toward charity as a civil act. It is also evident that the books of the Romanovs dynasty representatives could be deposited not only in their personal or palace libraries, but some copies could be included in book collections of persons, close to the Tsar family.
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Cypuk, Wira, and Adam Pomorski. "O ilustracjach Brunona Schulza do noweli „Z dworu ślepej bogini”." Schulz/Forum, no. 15 (September 24, 2020): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2020.15.11.
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The cause of this investigation were two unknown drawings by Bruno Schulz (ink, two 4x7 cm, two 6x7 cm, each with the artist’s signature) found in the newspaper Chwila, a Polish language Zionist daily published in Lviv in 1919-1939. Chwila paid much attention to Schulz: 43 articles, reviews, and notes on his life and work were published throughout the paper’s history. Few texts published in the Chwila were illustrated, and book illustrations were also rare in the artistic career of the writer: next to illustrating his own books, he designed covers and illustrations only for Juliusz Witt and Witold Gombrowicz. Searching for information about the author of an illustrated story “Z dworu ślepej bogini,” Oskar Alexandrowicz (1885-1939?), a resident of Drogobych, painter, art critic, and lawyer, added to the knowledge about the circle of Schulz’s friends. For instance, an interesting character was Oskar’s brother, Roman Alexandrowicz (1882-1940), a well-known lawyer and collector of Schulz’s works which he used to show to the public in his apartment on the corner of Akademicki Square and Fredry Street in Lviv. The literary critic Ostap Ortwin (1876-1942), who was a regular patron of a famous café in the same building, most likely supported Schulz’s participation in the Spring Salon of 1922. Just opposite, on 7 Fredry Street, there was a studio of Kazimierz Sichulski, painter and professor of the Lviv State Industrial School, and Wanda Diamand’s photo studio “Światłocień.” The author also succeeded in establishing the identity and biographical data of another Alexandrowicz, Marek (1890-?), manager of one of the biggest oil companies in Europe, “Gazy Ziemne,” who was a close friend of Izydor Schulz.
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Kholomeenko, O. M., and A. I. Kvitko. "S. Dovlatov’s Aphorisms: Structural and Semantic Features." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1134-1142.
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The research featured theoretical issues of aphorism as a linguistic phenomenon. The article introduces its main semantic and stylistic characteristics that distinguish it from other phenomena, e.g. proverbs, idioms, sayings, quotations, etc. Linguists define aphorism as a literary genre, a sphere of knowledge, and a linguistic phenomenon. The present study focused on the linguistic approach to aphorisms coined by S. Dovlatov. Aphorisms are certified, reproducible, separable, concise, and have concept words. The authors studied the keywords the aphorisms are based on, related graphic and expressive means, and the structure of contextual aphorisms. S. Dovlatov's aphorisms proved to be contextual, since he never published aphorisms as a separate book. In his Compromise and March of the Lonely, the authors distinguished aphorisms and aphoristic utterances, which differed in structure Aphorisms consisted of one to three sentences, while aphoristic utterances included up to five sentences. S. Dovlatov’aphorisms included the following semantic features. For instance, they could be divided into thematic groups, e.g. "journalism", "freedom", "lie vs. truth", "moral qualities", "attitude to life", etc., with corresponding keywords, e.g. "decent person", "scoundrel", "provocateur", "journalist", etc. Another distinctive semantic feature was the active use of different stylistic devices, e.g. gradation, epithet, metonymy, etc., which verbalized emotions. In addition, S. Dovlatov often used contextual synonyms and antonyms. Most aphorisms revealed their implicit semantics only if the reader shared common background knowledge with the author. The structural features included comparative constructions, verb-noun phrases, and elliptic constructions as a marker of implicit semantics and catalyst of the reader's experience. The use of aphorisms could be attributed to the features of Dovlatov's creative manner. However, their ironic tone become clear only if the reader shares the same cultural code with the author. Further studies may be based on a linguacultural approach to S. Dovlatov's aphorisms.
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Kholomeenko, O. M., and A. I. Kvitko. "S. Dovlatov’s Aphorisms: Structural and Semantic Features." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1134-1142.
Full textAbstract:
The research featured theoretical issues of aphorism as a linguistic phenomenon. The article introduces its main semantic and stylistic characteristics that distinguish it from other phenomena, e.g. proverbs, idioms, sayings, quotations, etc. Linguists define aphorism as a literary genre, a sphere of knowledge, and a linguistic phenomenon. The present study focused on the linguistic approach to aphorisms coined by S. Dovlatov. Aphorisms are certified, reproducible, separable, concise, and have concept words. The authors studied the keywords the aphorisms are based on, related graphic and expressive means, and the structure of contextual aphorisms. S. Dovlatov's aphorisms proved to be contextual, since he never published aphorisms as a separate book. In his Compromise and March of the Lonely, the authors distinguished aphorisms and aphoristic utterances, which differed in structure Aphorisms consisted of one to three sentences, while aphoristic utterances included up to five sentences. S. Dovlatov’aphorisms included the following semantic features. For instance, they could be divided into thematic groups, e.g. "journalism", "freedom", "lie vs. truth", "moral qualities", "attitude to life", etc., with corresponding keywords, e.g. "decent person", "scoundrel", "provocateur", "journalist", etc. Another distinctive semantic feature was the active use of different stylistic devices, e.g. gradation, epithet, metonymy, etc., which verbalized emotions. In addition, S. Dovlatov often used contextual synonyms and antonyms. Most aphorisms revealed their implicit semantics only if the reader shared common background knowledge with the author. The structural features included comparative constructions, verb-noun phrases, and elliptic constructions as a marker of implicit semantics and catalyst of the reader's experience. The use of aphorisms could be attributed to the features of Dovlatov's creative manner. However, their ironic tone become clear only if the reader shares the same cultural code with the author. Further studies may be based on a linguacultural approach to S. Dovlatov's aphorisms.
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McGiffert, Michael. "Who Wrote the Preface and Notes for Henry Finch's The Sacred Doctrine of Divinitie, 1590?" Albion 18, no. 2 (1986): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050316.
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The Sacred Doctrine of Divinitie, Gathered out of the Worde of God is a seventy-seven-page octavo for which no one claimed public credit. The book appeared in 1590 (n.s.), as shown by the date of the preface, January 1, 1589, though the title page is misprinted 1599. No place of publication is named; in fact that book came from the press of Richard Schilders at Middleburgh. The author chose anonymity. He must have been known at the time but was not identified inprint until some thirty years later. He was Henry Finch (1558-1625), third son in a prominent family of the Kentish Weald, who became a member of Parliament, a knight, serjeant-at-law to James I, and a respected student of the common law. His stepfather, Nicholas St. Leger, was active in the puritan interest in Parliament, and Finch, too, had a puritanic streak that marked his religious writings from The Sacred Doctrine of Divinitie, his first, to his last and best known, The Worlds Great Restauration, or the Calling of the Jewes, a millennial tract of 1621 that put him at odds with the king.This much is known: author, printer, date. What has remained obscure, even unguessed at, is the authorship of the long unsigned “Preface to the Christian Reader.” In addition, the work is freighted with glosses that sometimes squeeze the text into a corner or drive it off a page entirely. There are reasons to believe that these marginalia are largely the work of another hand than Finch's, in all likelihood the same that wrote the preface.
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Grimm, Fatima. "Der Islam als Alternative." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 1 (April 1, 1993): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i1.2528.
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This small book-Islam as an Alternative-by the German ambassadorto Morocco, which contains an excellent foreword by Annemaria e Schimmel,is remarkable for various reasons. Public interest had alwady been heighteneddue to an earlier television interview with the author which, conducted in avery provocative manner, threw his continued diplomatic appointment intoquestion. However, as German attention turned elsewhere, this issue declinedin importance, making it possible for this very eloquent new Muslim to continuerepresenting his country abroad.Events in the Muslim world, such as the Iranian revolution and the Gulfwar, often result in many misrepresentations of Islam in the Western media.But these same events also engender a never-ending series of invitations forreligious dialogue by people of good will who are trying to understand whatis happening and why Islam seems to spread despite its mainly negativeimage in the eyes of non-Muslims. However, Muslims face a problem here:there are few competent dialogue partners who can present accurately the Islamicside. While representatives of the Catholic and Protestant churches areefficiently trained and very well educated, Muslims in Germany are often unableto express fully and coherently their thoughts in German. They alsousually have not received a proper Islamic education. Even if they enroll ina German university specifically for the purpose of acquiring such an education,they are nonetheless tmined to look at their religion through non-Muslimeyes. And it is these very eyes that most often see Islam as “fundamentalist.,“”belligerent,” and “backward, particularly as far as women are concerned,” toname only the most important misconceptions.Hoffmann’s book is remarkable because it deals with many controversialissues head on, thereby providing handy answers and explanations for thoseinvolved in interfaith dialogue. Many new Muslims may have thought alongthe same lines in these matters, but to be able to present them in a few andabsolutely to-the-point replies is another thing.Here are some of these reizworte (emotive words), in an abbreviatedform, together with what the author has to say about them.Fundamentalism: “Each and every religion or ideology develops on somebasics-called Bible, Gospel or ‘Marx, Engels, and Lenin’-which are considereddefinable, concluded, unchangeable and able to support, that is as fundamentals.The same is true of Islam, the fundamentals of which are the ...
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Corwin, Jay. "“Emma Zunz” in the Mirror and the Labyrinth." Theory in Action 13, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2055.
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“Emma Zunz” exemplifies Borges’s particular use of literary devices, including extra-literary references and motifs that refer to the author’s earlier stories. Among those motifs the most central to “Emma Zunz” is the mirror. The use of the verb “multiplicar” reiterates the phrasing from two earlier stories: “Tlön, Uqbar y Orbis Tertius” and “El tintorero enmascarado, Hakim de Merv.” At the same moment the author only proposes that the character sees her reflections on her way to the port of Buenos Aires but promptly offers another scenario, meaning that the reader’s perception of omniscience is authorial sleight of hand. As in “Tlon,” fiction invades reality, and some of the sources of fiction are identifiable in “Emma Zunz” as the Book of Exodus, a lost silent film called “The Yellow Ticket” and the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. The convergence of Hebrew and Minoan legends are also implied in the title of the collection, El Aleph through the hieroglyphic origins of the initial letter of the Hebrew abjad.
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Shafi, Sophia Rose. "Islam and Christianity." American Journal of Islam and Society 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v30i3.1106.
Full textAbstract:
In Islam and Christianity: Theological Themes in Comparative Perspective,
John Renard gives us yet another gem of a book: beautifully written, meticulously
researched, and cleverly presented. A comparative study of these two
traditions could have easily resulted in a pluralistic muddle of two of the
world’s most studied religious traditions. Instead, the author gives us a careful
examination of theology that forces us to think carefully about categories like
religion, faith, and orthodoxy.
The preface begins with a confession of sorts, for Renard notes therein
the tension between comparative linkage and religious authenticity that presents
itself in such a project. While Islam and Christianity exhibit many of the
same themes, nowhere does he put forth the kind of thesis that would yield a
“many roads to one mountain” axiom. What makes this book compelling is
its careful presentation of two distinct theologies that, although clearly different,
exhibit a familial relationship. What is meant by “theology” is quite broad,
and Renard seems to suggest that a number of theological languages are at
play in these two traditions. Islam and Christianity is not the kind of reductionist
work that one might expect to see in such an ambitious project; rather,
it is a dialog, a conversation among scriptures, hagiographies, poems, liturgies,
and ideas ...
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Schimmerling, Ernest. "THE ABC'S of Mice." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 7, no. 4 (December 2001): 485–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2687795.
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This is the introductory half of a lecture given at the Association for Symbolic Logic Annual Meeting in Philadelphia in March, 2001. Our goal is to give logicians and advanced students who are unfamiliar with inner model theory a taste of what the subject is about at a level where it is possible to say something meaningful about the intuitions and proofs. At the same time, we wish to avoid overwhelming the reader, so we will leave out many well known closely related theorems and give only short proof sketches. Neither the results nor the proofs found here are due to the author. We will begin near the beginning but still touch on some modern aspects of the theory. The proofs and historical notes that we leave out can be found in the books and articles listed in the references. Our approach to the theory of 0# is a combination of that taken by Dodd in his book and by Steel in his lectures to students. Dodd's introduction is one of the author's favorite essays on inner model theory; another is the introduction to Martin-Steel [6]. In Section 2, we review the theory of 0# in a form that touches on some of the techniques that have been and continue to be generalized. These combine what is commonly called iteration and fine structure. In Section 3, we give a superficial description of what comes after 0#. Those interested in learning about more recent developments in inner model theory are encouraged to see the articles Lowe-Steel [5] and Steel [8], both of which are currently available online at http://www.math.berkeley.edu/~ steel.
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Correia, Éverton Barbosa. "Sevilha andando, com “A sevilhana que não se sabia” / Sevilha andando, with “A sevilhana que não se sabia”." O Eixo e a Roda: Revista de Literatura Brasileira 29, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2358-9787.29.2.139-158.
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Resumo: Em 1987, quando foi publicada a coleção de poemas de João Cabral de Melo Neto intitulada Crime na Calle Relator, “A sevilhana que não se sabia” era o segundo na ordem de exposição, logo após o poema homônimo ao livro. Aquele poema foi reproduzido como o primeiro da coleção seguinte do autor, intitulada Sevilha andando (1989), ao passo que deixou de figurar nas reedições do livro em que constara de início. Assim, o poema que era de um livro passou a compor outro, exclusivamente, por iniciativa do próprio autor, para quem importava a constituição do artefato estético que o livro vem a ser. Este traço diferencial na trajetória do autor incide retrospectivamente sobre toda sua obra, a partir desse evento marcante que interfere na compreensão do que constitui um livro, seja sua publicação ou a reunião de poemas que demanda uma apreciação particularizada, de caso a caso, dos poemas entrelaçados entre si. Acompanhando a repercussão do poema no contexto da obra poética em pauta, será feito um cotejo entre as edições disponíveis dos volumes implicados para se chegar a uma compreensão mais palpável do poema, perspectivado ao longo daquela produção poética.Palavras-chave: poesia brasileira moderna; João Cabral de Melo Neto; estilo; editoração.Abstract: In 1987, when the João Cabral de Melo Neto’s collection of poems was published under the title of Crime in Calle Relator (1987), “A sevilhana que não se sabia” was the second in the order of exhibition, shortly after the poem of the same name to the book. That poem was reproduced as the first of the author’s next collection, titled Sevilha andando (1989), while it ceased to appear in the reissues of the book in which it was initially listed. Thus, the poem that was from one book began to compose another, exclusively, at the initiative of the author himself, for whom it mattered the constitution of the aesthetic artifact that the book comes to be. This differential trait in the author’s trajectory focuses retrospectively on all his work, from this remarkable event that interferes with the understanding of what constitutes a book, be it its publication or the meeting of poems that demands an appreciation particularized, on a case-by-case basis, of the poems intertwined with each other. Following the repercussion of the poem in the context of the poetic work, it will be made a comparison between the available editions of the volumes involved, to reach a more palpable understanding of the poem, perspectived throughout that poetic production.Keywords: modern Brazilian poetry; João Cabral de Melo Neto; style; publishing.
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Binmore, Ken. "Game Theory and Business Ethics." Business Ethics Quarterly 9, no. 1 (January 1999): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857633.
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As the author of one book on the elements of game theory and another on the possible applications to ethics (Binmore [3,4,5]), I suppose it is natural that I should be asked to reply to Robert Solomon’s (13) claim that “game theory has been a disaster in ethics, and now it threatens to become devastating to business ethics as well.” However, I find myself somewhat at a loss as to know what to say, since the game theory he attacks is not practiced by any game theorists with whom I am familiar. At first, I thought this was because my friends and I were deemed to fall into the class of “refined” game theorists to whom Solomon is willing to grant grudging acceptance, but it turns out that their refinement lies in appealing to principles that contradict the essence of the game theoretic enterprise. My guess is therefore that the plain old “vulgar” game theory which he attacks is actually intended to be the same game theory for which John Harsanyi, John Nash, and Reinhard Selten were recently awarded the Nobel Prize. My strategy in replying will therefore have to be the same as those innocent men who are asked why they beat their wives. Instead of explaining why wife beating is a good idea, I shall have to insist that I don’t beat my wife at all.
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Luo, Fei. "Spiritual Journey of Protagonists in Saul Bellow’s Fictions: Search-Escape-Regeneration." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0906.21.
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Saul Bellow, the author of Herzog, became first American Jewish writer who won the Nobel literature prize in 1976. His works changed the dominant American literature led by Hemingway and Faulkner and opened up another new era of American literature. There are many discussions among critics in the literary world, and the conclusions reached were not all the same. Some critics started with his writing techniques and believed that his novel inherits and integrates the two traditions of modernism and realism and want to classify it as a category of Western Marxism. Some apply to ethical literary criticism and make an analysis of human-nature and human-self relationship in his works. Even some critics believe that this novel distorts the image of women from the feminist point of view. This paper aims to analyze three of Saul Bellow’s famous fictions, Herzog, Henderson the Rain King, More die of heartbreak from the perspectives of the spiritual evolution of the protagonists. David Galloway (1996) suggested that Bellow had only written one book from six different points of view which convey the common psychological journey of the protagonists in his works. (P138)
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Abdul-Qadir, Abuhamid M. "The Early Development of Islamic Jurisprudence." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 3 (October 1, 1997): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i3.2236.
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Professor Ahmed Hasan has made a great contribution to the understandingof the early history of Islamic jurisprudence up to the time of al Shafi'i (d. 204A.H.). A few works. such as The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence byProfessor Joseph Schacht, have been published on the early development ofIslamic jurisprudence. and Hasan's work is a valuable addition. Islamic jurisprudenceis a dynamic, ongoing, and virtually limitless subject. The communitycannot survive without it as long as new issues arise to be resolved andIslamized. Thi field of study helps the community to move forward, encouragingmembers to solve new problems that arise in their social lives. Hasan discusseshow jurists debate one another over the extraction of God's law and how.ultimately, uch debates have developed Islamic jurisprndence and the differentlegal schools. ljma' (consensus) and qiyas (analogy) did not exist at the time ofthe Prophet; they developed through ijtihtid, based on the principle sources theQur'an and Sunnah. The subject has a kind of progressive flow, tide, and dynamiccharacter. Hasan divide his book into seven chapter, beside an introductionand a concluding discussion. He also includes a bibliography and an index. Theauthor chose a period in the history of jurisprudence for which sources for synthesisare difficult co obcain. He shows the historical development of lslamicjurisprudence in the first two centuries of Hijrah based mainly on the work ofMalik. Abu Yusuf, al Shaybani and al Shafi'i.This book is designed for readers who are particularly interested in Islamiclaw and history. In the introduction the author describes the meaning of fiqh andother allied terms. He analyzes the origins of the early schools of law-such asthe schools of Medina and Iraq-that developed through the work of scholarswho extracted God's law from the revealed sources. Further analysis by theauthor suggests that after the middle of the second century A.H., scholars weregenerally engaged in independent thinking on law. ln the same way. al Shafi'ideveloped his own legal theory and brought consistency into law. After him theregional character of the early schools began to disintegrate and faithfulness toone master and his principles gradually predominated.The author discusses the sources of Islamic law beginning with the developmentof the main five categories of judgment of Muslims' aces, namely, theobligatory. the recommended, the neutral, the disapproved, and the prohibited.These categories are ultimately based on four sources: the Qur'an, the Sunnah,ijma' and qiyas. The author first deal with the Qur'an, briefly pointing out thatit is the primary source of legislation and guidance. The author discusses thedoctrine of the abrogation of individual verses in the Qur'an (naskh) in a separatechapter, pointing out the development of the theory of naskh and its significantrole in Islamic jurisprudence. Although naskh is an established doctrine inthe field of Islamic jurisprudence, the author's long analysis of naskh suggeststhat since the Qur'an is eternal there can be no reasonable ground for the thesis ...
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Вишневская, Е. М., and Н. И. Хайду. "PERSONAL AND DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AS LINGUISTIC MEANS OF MODELLING THE ADDRESSEE IN KATE FOX’S BOOK “WATCHING THE ENGLISH”." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИКО-ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, no. 3(47) (October 24, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.85.25.007.
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Постановка задачи. Исследование посвящено анализу ролевого дейксиса как языкового средства моделирования адресата на материале произведения К. Фокс «Наблюдая за англичанами». В рамках исследования рассматривалась специфика языковой ситуации, которой обусловлен тип адресата. В статье также представлены примеры, иллюстрирующие явление дейксиса и его использование автором произведения. Основными задачами исследования являлись анализ текста с точки зрения прагматики, анализ местоименного дейксиса в тексте произведения, а также определение основных коммуникативных тактик и стратегий взаимодействия автора с адресатом. Результаты. В ходе работы была выявлена дуальная природа адресата, актуализируемая через личные местоимения. Адресат фигурирует в тексте в двух образах: в качестве представителя либо родной культуры автора, либо другой культуры. В одной части повествования автор, обращаясь к соотечественникам, объединяет себя с адресатом при помощи местоимения «мы», в то время как в другой прибегает к использованию местоимений третьего лица, занимая позицию нейтрального наблюдателя рядом с читателем-иностранцем. Автор также применяет указательное местоимение that как способ усиления оценочного значения в тексте, в то время как this функционирует в соответствии с теми же принципами, что и местоимения первого лица. Выводы. По результатам исследования был сделан вывод о том, что для предоставления своей позиции автор пользуется разнообразными приемами, достигая таким образом максимальной включенности адресата в повествование. Problem statement. The paper considers person deixis as linguistic means of modelling the addressee in Kate Fox’s book “Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour”. It tackles particular characteristics of linguistic and cultural situation that define the type of addressee. The paper features examples of person deixis and the author’s use of these linguistic means. It describes the semantic features and the ability of the pronouns to function as deictic markers which provide cohesion of the components in the speech act. The main objective in the study was to analyze the text from the pragmatic point of view, particularly the pronoun deixis and communicative tactics applied by the author. Results. The study revealed the dual nature of the addressee communicated by means of personal pronouns. In the text, the addressee is portrayed as a representative of either the author’s native culture or another culture. When talking to her compatriots, the author unites herself with the addressee by using the pronoun “we”. In other contexts, she takes the position of an observer by the foreign reader’s side and uses third-person pronouns. The study has also revealed that the author uses the indicative pronoun “that” as a way of enhancing the evaluativity in the text, while “this” has the same function in the text as the first-person pronouns. Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that the author uses a variety of deictic techniques to present her position, thus achieving the maximum involvement of the addressee in the narrative.
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L. Dalmaso, Renata, and Thayse Madella. "The many graveyard books: artistic collaborations and possible multiple readings in illustrated works." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 71, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2018v71n2p57.
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This article investigates how diverse layers of meanings can be seen in different iterations of the same work, as it is illustrated or adapted by different artists. Departing from a single source material, Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book (2008), we analyze two versions and one adaptation of the text: one novel illustrated by Dave Mckean (2008) and another by Chris Riddell (2009); and a graphic novel (2014), adapted by P. Craig Russell. We draw our analysis from authors in the fields of Children's Literature and Comics Studies to dicuss the construction of meanings between the interplay of written and visual texts. Such interactions have a range of variation taking into consideration both the format of the work (novel or graphic novel), the choice of a scene to be illustrated, and stylistic approaches.
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Syroid, Olena. "Spiritual Song in Ukrainian Folklore Milieu." Слово і Час, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.11.62-71.
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The paper outlines the original phenomenon of a spiritual song in the Ukrainian oral tradition, determines characteristic features of these texts and their functions. Besides, the author focuses on some special research issues concerning the folklore religious repertoire, first of all, the specificity of the relationship between spiritual and secular epic songs.
The spiritual song in the Ukrainian oral tradition is a large group of poetical and musical works, united primarily by the religious Christian themes and endowed with the ability to acquire special spiritual meaning in the life of a believer, exercise an important function of satisfying his/her spiritual religious needs. Another defining feature of these songs is a lack of clear attachment to a certain rite, time, occasion. An episodic attachment of individual texts to the rite only reveals their multifunctionality, since, as a rule, the same work may be used in various rituals, appear in the repertoire of professional singers, and perform some other functions simultaneously. Essential for the differentiation of the spiritual song phenomenon in the folklore milieu is the fact of distinguishing this group of works and perceiving it as integrity by the bearers of tradition themselves until now. They use special folk concepts for its designation (‘God’s songs’, ‘psalms’). At the same time, this large stratum of folk repertoire is divided into two sub-groups, namely folklorized songs of book origin and those of folk origin. Thus, the phenomenon of a spiritual song in the Ukrainian oral tradition is characterized by a rich variety of texts in terms of character, time of emergence, nature, form, style, and genre features.
The practice of perception, recording, and comprehension of spiritual songs has developed certain concepts and approaches. The present paper offers an attempt to systematize the previous experience and distinguish the problems that were raised in the works by various researchers and remained topical, often lacking a proper resolution. Attention to the system of the research approaches gives a guideline to the author and forms a sense of the continuing tradition.
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van der Eijk, Philip J. "On Sterility (‘HA X’), a medical work by Aristotle?" Classical Quarterly 49, no. 2 (December 1999): 490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.2.490.
Full textAbstract:
Whether its title, ύπέρ τοῦ μ⋯ γεννᾶν is authentic or not, the work transmitted as ‘Book X’ of Aristotle's History of Animals (HA) deals with a wide range of possible causes for failure to conceive and generate offspring. It sets out by saying that these causes may lie in both partners or in either of them, but in the sequel the author devotes most of his attention to problems of the female body. Thus he discusses the state of the uterus, the occurrence and modalities of menstruation, the condition and position of the mouth of the uterus, the emission of fluid during sleep (when the woman dreams that she is having intercourse with a man), physical weakness or vigour on awakening after this nocturnal emission, the occurrence of flatulence in the uterus and the ability to discharge this, moistness or dryness of the uterus, wind-pregnancy, and spasms in the uterus. Then he briefly considers the possibility that the cause of infertility lies with the male, but this is disposed of in one sentence: if you want to find out whether the man is to blame, the author says, just let him have intercourse with another woman and see whether that produces a satisfactory result (636bl 1–13; see also 637b23–4). The writer also acknowledges that the problem may lie in a failure of two otherwise healthy partners to match sexually, or as he puts it, to ‘run at the same pace’ ἲσοδρομῆσαι during intercourse, but he does not go into this possibility at great length (636b 15–23), and he proceeds to discuss further particulars on the female side.
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Barthélémy, Annie. "Herméneutiques croisées: Conversation imaginaire entre Ricœur et Foucault." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 1, no. 1 (December 29, 2010): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2010.7.
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L’article se propose de confronter l’herméneutique du sujet, telle qu’elle est définie par Ricœur dans son ouvrage Soi-même comme un autre à celle qui fait l’objet du cours donné par Michel Foucault en 1981-1982 au Collège de France. Il s’agit, sous la forme d’une conversation imaginaire, de préciser le sens donné par les deux auteurs à l’herméneutique du sujet et d’en dégager les implications sur la constitution du sujet, la conception de la liberté et le statut de l’éthique. L'argumentation s'appuie sur l'ouvrage majeur Soi-même comme un autre, que Ricœur a élaboré dans la période qui correspond aux dernières œuvres de Foucault. This paper intends to compare the hermeneutics of the subject by Ricœur in Oneself as Another with the lessons given by Foucault at the Collège de France in 1981-1982 about The Hermeneutics of the Subject. Presented as an invented conversation, it tries to specify the meaning of both authors’ hermeneutics and to find their implications about the subject’s constitution, the conception of freedom and the status of ethics. The argumentation is based on the essential book Oneself as Another, conceived by Ricœur at the same time Foucault was writing his last works.
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Kirzhaeva, Vera P., and Oleg E. Osovskiy. "A Bourgeois Reader Through the Eyes of a Post-Bourgeois Researcher: On Tatiana Venediktova’s Literature as an Experience, or a “Bourgeois Reader” as a Cultural Hero. Moscow: New Literary Observer, 2018. 280 p." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 23 (2020): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/23/10.
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Tatiana Venediktova’s new book is devoted to the problem particularly relevant for contemporary philosophers, culturologists and philologists. In the situation of radical changes in the social and economic status of literature, the question of the reader’s role ceases to be an element of receptive aesthetics or the psychology of reading only and strongly requires new approaches for its research. In Venediktova’s interpretation, the reader is a real participant in the creative process and gets new experience through communication with the literary work creating new meanings, often different from those the author laid in the text. The figure of a bourgeois reader is presented through the intersection of literary history, cultural history and literary theory dimensions. This gave Venediktova the possibility to use the sociological poetics of Mikhail Bakhtin’s circle. At the same time, Venediktova’s research methods have little in common with the traditional sociology of reading and the new sociology of reader. The reference to Bakhtin is not only a tribute to today’s fashion in the humanities. Bakhtin as a reader and creator of new artistic and aesthetic meanings is a special and not yet explored part in the modern history of literary text interpretation. In the later fragments, Bakhtin offers his own understanding of the image of the reader opposing it to the structuralist image of the ideal reader. Venediktova chooses the 19th century as a field of her research. It is the historical period when the bourgeois class consciousness reaches its highest point and acquires a special sociality; one of its characteristic features is the wide-spread distribution of books and reading and the final democratisation of the readership. The author presents a transition from the theoretical description of the bourgeois reader to the historical interpretation of the possibilities and ways of gaining aesthetic experience as a consistent transfer from poetry to prose. The prosaisation of the lyrical vision of the world and man finds its continuation in the novel as a “bourgeois epic” (Hegel). The concept of the book is especially convincing due to the author’s reliance on the authoritative circle of the classics of the contemporary humanities as well as on the well-made and logical composition of the text. The literary-historical parts of the monograph become a natural continuation and development of theoretical ideas. In gaining new reader experience, the specific characteristics of its source, the changing position of the creator of the text are important. It equally works in relation to the poetry of William Wordsworth, Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Charles Baudelaire and to the novels of Honoré de Balzac, Herman Melville, Gustave Flaubert, and George Eliot. Another important feature of the book is the prospects of the research. The problem of the bourgeois reader seems relevant for the sociocultural history of Russian literature and for the understanding of the role and interaction of the reader and writer in the space of today’s World Wide Web.
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Erinç, Erdem. "Analyzing Migration Across Literature: Russian Émigré Literature in the Texts of A. Averchenko and Z. Shakhovskaya." BORDER CROSSING 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v7i2.471.
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This paper uses historical resources, extensively, from the texts of Russian émigré authors A. Averchenko and Z. Shakhovskaya who both wrote on two of the main refugee migrant evacuations out of Russia to Istanbul. The aim was to reveal the role of literary texts in forming a better understanding of the dynamics of such evacuations. The main reason for choosing the above authors’ texts (Notes of a Fool by A. Averchenko and Life Style from the book “Takov moi vek” by Z. Shakhovskaya) was that they were written about two very different evacuations, although both took place during the same first wave of Russian migration. The first is known as General Denikin’s and the second as General Wrangel’s evacuation. The authors were also chosen because of their different age and gender. Analyzing author’s literary texts about differing types, refugee migrant evacuations provides an opportunity to evaluate the dynamics of such evacuations, as well providing an opportunity to read history from another perspective, utilizing various factors and variables such as time, generation and gender.
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Ekaterina A., Denisova. "Poetics of the Story Dere ‒ Water Wedding (1932) in the Context of V. Mart’s Far Eastern Prose of the 1920–1930s." Humanitarian Vector 15, no. 5 (October 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-36-43.
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The article discusses the poetics of the story Dere ‒ Water Wedding by Venedikt Mart in the context of prose published in the period from 1924 to 1930 devoted to the Far East topics. The writer is often remembered as one of the brightest representatives of futurism in the Far East, however, his prose is still poorly understood. V. Mart’s work is closely connected with the literary process of the Asia-Pacific region, this work reflects the problem of the loss of national and cultural identity of the Far Eastern population, in particular the identity of “gol’dy”. The story has an educational orientation and, at the same time, has a peculiar artistic world. The article discusses the methods of creating fabulous coloring at the substantive and narrative levels. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of poetics and plot through which the author shows the loss of self-identification and the loss of the ancient traditions of a small Far Eastern people under the influence of the realities of the “new life”. We consider the story Dere ‒ Water Wedding as the last prose work by V. Mart on the Far Eastern theme in the context of his other works in order to trace the artistic transformations and changes in texts devoted to this subject. The study revealed that by the beginning of the 1930s, the writer had abandoned futuristic techniques using irony to create a comic effect and returning to the origins of literature ‒ a fairy tale story. A comprehensive study of V. Mart’s work on one topic allows us to identify another feature of his work ‒ the use of “nomadic” phrases, which are almost literally repeated in texts published in another years. Keywords: V. Mart, self-identification, rare book, the Far East, poetics
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Ustinov, A. B. "On Literary Environment of the 1920s: The Circle of Hermes." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 1 (2020): 291–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-1-291-372.
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The essay reconstructs history of a literary circle of authors united under the auspices of Hermes, a typewritten magazine edited in Moscow in the first half of the 1920s. These “poets- philologists” published three full issues of the magazine, 12 copies each. The fourth issue was prepared in just one copy and the authors considered it “unpublished.” Later they edited two typewritten almanacs: Mnemosyne and Hyperborean. The first part of the essay describes how the fourth and last issue of Hermes was collected and edited. Its preparation was accompanied by dramatic encumbrances caused by both external and internal circumstances, the most tragic of which was the death of Maksim Kenigsberg (1900–1924) one of the founders of the Hermes circle. Nina Wolkenau (1901‒1973?), who took his place as a chief editor was forced to cease the publication. The second part of the essay discusses the composition of authors represented in the fourth issue of Hermes, in particular those who joined the magazine from other Moscow literary associations, like Kifara and Green Lamp. Further, the table of contents of that “unpublished” issue is presented here with necessary commentary. A separate supplement is dedicated to a collection of poems by the authors of Hermes, either dedicated to members of this association, or directly related to the magazine itself. The third part of the essay, Addenda ad volumen, complements previous scholarly incursions regarding the circle of Hermes with the unpublished materials from the final issue of the magazine. These are Nina Wolkenau’s review of Mikhail Kuzmin’s book Novyi Gul’ (Leningrad, 1924), and Maksim Kenigsberg’s discussion of Pavel Muratov’s collection of novellas Moralí (Berlin, 1923), where he also wrote about Kuzmin’s art of prose. Another publication is Lev Gornung’s review of the posthumous collection of Nikolai Gumiliov’s poems K Sinei Zvezde (Berlin, 1923) Gornung published another version of that review in a printed “almanac of poetry and criticism” Even and Odd (Moscow, 1925) edited by the same circle of authors, as Hermes. The final supplement includes two other reviews of the Gumiliov’s collection. The émigré publication of K Sinei Zvezde was a significant event in the Soviet underground culture. The poems included in this book became a “lovers’ code” for young Russian readers of the 1920s.
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Krylova, Maria N. "The image of a person of another nationality in the fantastic works of Oleg Divov." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 2(2020) (June 25, 2020): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2020-2-167-175.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the image of a person of a different nationality, who is created in his works by the modern Russian science fiction writer Oleg Divov. Based on the analysis of the author’s three novels, “The Best Solar Crew,” “Technical Support” and “Elephants’ Homeland,” his original attitude to the problem of the national and ethnic affiliation of a person is revealed. The aim of the study was to analyze the image of a person of a different nationality in the books of O.I. Divov and to represent a person of a different nationality in the context of the image of the “Other”. The tasks were set to identify the author’s treatment of the image of a person of a different nationality, to detect interpretations of this image in various works. The scientific novelty of the study was provided both by the novelty of the text material introduced into the scientific circulation, and by the approach to the problem of the image of the “Other” in modern literature from the point of view of the optionality of observing the principles of tolerance and political correctness, more precisely, new ways of observing these principles. In the reviewed works of the writer, heroes of different nationalities appear, and the national differences between them are not hidden, but, on the contrary, stand out in relief, are brought to the fore. Representatives of each of the nationalities (Russians, Jews, Germans, Americans, French, Chukchi, and others) are portrayed as people with undeniable merits, and at the same time – ironically, with humor. The writer does not demonstrate any stable national preferences: in the novel “The Best Solar Crew”, Russians are glorified first of all, and in the novel “The Land of Elephants” – the Chukchi. Despite ridicule, reflecting the stereotypical perception of a particular nation, the description of none of them becomes nationalistic. The author creates an original concept of perception of heroes of a different nationality, opposing the popular in modern culture of tolerance, showing the importance of national differences and the uselessness of silencing them.
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Kumor-Gomułka, Bożena. "Od sporu do księgozbioru, czyli o posekularyzacyjnej genezie i rozwoju idei gromadzenia literatury fachowej w dawnym Archiwum Państwowym we Wrocławiu Staatsarchiv Breslau do 1945 roku." Roczniki Biblioteczne 61 (June 4, 2018): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0080-3626.61.7.
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OD SPORU DO KSIĘGOZBIORU, CZYLI O POSEKULARYZACYJNEJ GENEZIE I ROZWOJU IDEI GROMADZENIA LITERATURY FACHOWEJ W DAWNYM ARCHIWUM PAŃSTWOWYM WE WROCŁAWIU STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU DO 1945 ROKUTrudności w utworzeniu biblioteki archiwalnej w pierwszych latach istnienia Archiwum na skutek sporów między archiwistą J.G.G. Büschingiem a dyrektorem Centralnej Biblioteki Śląskiej J.G. Schneiderem. Pierwsze nabytki biblioteczne. Działalność Wilhelma Wattenbacha. Nabytki, organizacja i pomieszczenia biblioteki archiwalnej do 1945 roku.FROM A DISPUTE TO A BOOK COLLECTION, I.E. ON THE POST-SECULARISATION ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF COLLECTING THE SPECIALIST LITERATURE IN THE FORMER STATE ARCHIVES IN WROCŁAW STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU UNTIL 1945Specialist literature collected from the first few decades of the existence of the State Archives in Wrocław was a form of specialist aid, with time becoming a collection complementing archive materials. The idea to compile the first independent collection emerged from a conflict between the first archivist, Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching and the director, from 1812, of the Central Silesian Library, located in the same building on the Sand Island, Johann Gottlob Schneider, an advocate of abolishing the existing privilege of free access of archivists to the library. The process of amassing archive literature was developed on a broader scale after Schneider’s death in 1822. Among the first publications acquired by the director of the then Royal Silesian Provincial Archives later State Archives, Gustav Adolf Harald Stenzel, were Johann Sinapius’ Schlesische Curiositäten and Friedrich Vater’s Repertorium der preussischen schlesischen Verfassung. Another source for obtaining specialist literature was regular donations from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Considerablesupport for the creation of a typical archive library came from the director, from 1852, of thePrussian State Archives, Karl Wilhelm von Lancizolle, author of the first guidelines on collecting archive specialist literature. Soon another director of the Wrocław institution, Wilhelm Wattenbach, compiled a separate catalogue of acquisitions for the library collection. Eventually, the book collection of the former Staatsarchiv Breslau grew to about 30,000 volumes and contained all the most significant Silesian-themed works from the past. This made the Wrocław archive library ranked sixth among the forty libraries functioning in German state archives. However, the collection was lost when the Archives building in Tiergartenstrasse 13 was destroyed in 1945. Efforts to organise again specialist, Polish State Archives in Wrocław from scratch were undertaken already in the first few years after the second world war and have continued to this day.
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "Authorship Controversies: Gift, Guest and Ghost Authorship." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 34, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v34i1.957.
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Authorship, “the state or fact of being the writer of a book, article, or document, or the creator of a work of art,”1 derives from the word author, auctor, autour, autor “father, creator, one who brings about, one who makes or creates,” from Old French auctor, acteor “author, originator, creator, instigator,” directly from the Latin auctor “promoter, doer; responsible person, teacher,” literally “one who causes to grow.”2 It implies a creative privilege and responsibility that cannot be taken lightly. In the biomedical arena, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) “recommends that authorship be based on the following four criteria: 1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND 2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND 3. Final approval of the version to be published; AND 4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy and integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.”3
Thus, all persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify as authors should be so listed.3 The first of these general principles means that all persons listed as authors should meet the four ICMJE criteria for authorship; the second principle means that all those who meet the four ICMJE criteria for authorship should be listed as authors.3 The first part of the statement disqualifies honorific “gift” authors, complementary “guest” authors, and anonymous “ghost” authors from being listed as authors. The second part ensures the listing of all those who qualify as authors, even if they are no longer part of the institution or group from which the work emanates (such as students who have graduated or residents and fellows who have completed their postgraduate training).
Honorific or “gift” authorship takes place when a subordinate (or junior) person lists a superior (or senior) person as an author, even if that person did not meet the four ICMJE authorship criteria.4,5 Bestowing the gift on a Chief, Chair, Department Head, Director, Dean, or such other person is often done in gratitude, but carries an unspoken expectation that the favor will be returned in the future. It can also be bestowed under coercive conditions (that may overlap with those of guest authorship discussed next).4.5 It is unethical because the gifted person does not qualify for authorship when at most only acknowledgement is his or her due. In the extreme, such a person can be put in the uncomfortable and embarrassing situation of being unable to comment on the supposedly co-authored work when asked to do so. Moreover, the unqualified co-author(s) may actually attempt to wash their hands of any allegations of misconduct, claiming for example that the resident first author “plagiarized the material” or “fabricated or manipulated the data” but “I/we certainly had nothing to do with that” - - hence the fourth criterion for authorship came to be.3 Reviewers and Editors may suspect “gift” authorship when for instance, a resident listed as first author writes the paper in the first person, using the pronoun “I” instead of “we” and thanks the consultant co-author under the “acknowledgements” section. The suspicions are further reinforced when the concerned co-author(s) do not participate in, or contribute to revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content during the review and editing process.
Guest authorship takes place when influential or well-known individuals “lend” their name to a manuscript to boost its prestige, even though they had nothing to do with its creation.6,7 They may have been invited to do so by one or more of the actual authors, but they willingly agree, considering the arrangement mutually-beneficial. Thus, a student or resident may knowingly invite an adviser or consultant to be listed as co-author, even if the latter did not meet authorship criteria. The former perceives that having a known co-author increases the chances of a favorable review and publication; the latter effectively adds another publication to his or her curriculum vitae. It is not difficult to see how such symbioses may thrive in the “publish or perish” milieu of academe. Research advising alone, even if editing of the research paper was performed, do not qualify one for authorship (Cf. “gift” authorship). This is not to say that a research, thesis or dissertation adviser may not be listed as co-author – as long as he or she meets the 4 ICMJE criteria for authorship.3 A related misconduct is the practice by certain persons with seniority of insisting their names be listed first, even if more junior scholars did all the innovative thinking and research on a project. Indeed, the order of authorship can be a source of unhappiness and dispute. Authors be listed in the order of their contributions to the work – the one who contributed most is listed first, and the order of listing should be a joint decision of all co-authors at the start of the study (reviewed periodically).
Ghost authorship usually pertains to paid professional writers who anonymously produce material that is officially attributed to another author.7,8 They may operate out of establishments that manufacture term papers, theses, and dissertations for the right price (such as the infamous C.M. Recto district in downtown Manila, now replaced by numerous online services). They may also be employed by the pharmaceutical industry to write promotional, favorable studies that will list well-known persons (professors, scientists, senior clinicians) as authors, often with consent and adequate compensation.8 Examples include “a professor at the University of Wisconsin” being paid “$1,500 in return for putting his name” on “an article on the ‘therapeutic effects’ of their diet pill Redux (dexfenfluramine),” that was “pulled from the market” a year later “as doctors began reporting heart-valve injuries in as many as one-third of patients taking the drug” and the drug “later linked to dozens of deaths.”9 Similar cases involved the “deadly drug” rofecoxib (Vioxx) “eventually blamed for some 60,000+ deaths,” that “was also linked to a number of shameful scandals relating to fraudulent studies and the use of ghostwriters to boost sales.”9 The costs involved are not meager; Parke-Davis paid “a medical education communication company (MECC) to write articles in support of the drug” Neurontin (gabapentin) “to the tune of $13,000 to $18,000 per article. In turn, MECC paid $1,000 each to friendly physicians and pharmacists to sign off as authors of the articles.”9 Pfizer (who acquired Neurontin form Parke-Davis) “was found guilty of illegally promoting off-label uses of Neurontin,” and “fined more than $142 million in damages.”9 Whether or not morbidities or mortalities ensue from the practice, both ghosts and beneficiary-authors should be held liable in such situations.
Clearly, the practice of “gift,” “guest,” and “ghost” authorship should not be entertained by authors or tolerated by editors and reviewers. Authorship should be based on the ICMJE authorship criteria. Our editors and reviewers vigilantly strive to uphold and protect the rights and welfare of our authors and the integrity and soundness of their research. We call on all fellows, diplomates and residents in training to do the same.
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Rashid, Hussein. "I Speak for Myself." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i1.1216.
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The anthology, I Speak for Myself, is the first in a series of books that allowMuslims to write about themselves. This volume is about Americanwomen describing their experiences of being a Muslima ‒ with one from aman, and further volumes in the series will focus on the American Muslimmale perspective and voices from the Arab Spring. Like most anthologies,the submissions are uneven, and with forty essays, there are more than afew poor essays. The editors indicate that they wanted the authors to writeessays that reflected their comfortable relationship to country and faith, butotherwise they left the theme open.Although the editors seem to have hoped for a diverse outpouring ofessays, and there is a great deal of diversity, there are certain commonthemes. Most notably were a series of essays by women who only talkedabout the hijab, as though that was their identity. These essays were fairlysimilar to one another, which may be the result of the short length of thesepieces. There is value in keeping the contributions brief, as stories movealong and ideas develop quickly, but is a problem when several peoplewrite on the same issue.Despite this general criticism, this book is a natural fit for any courseon Islam in America, gender and religion, or even as an introduction toIslam course. There are some absolutely delightful and fascinating essaysin this collection. The strongest ones dealt with the implicit nature of beingMuslim and American. Rather than discussing either or both identifications,authors simply talked about their lives. Following are several examplesof these types of essays ...
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Griffin, Jasper. "Cult and Personality in Horace." Journal of Roman Studies 87 (November 1997): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301368.
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It was the main contention of a book published a few years ago that the material and the attitudes which we find in the works of the Augustan poets are intimately connected with the realities of Roman life. The poems are not to be amputated, as too often happens, from the society in which they were produced and enjoyed. Literature is not a balloon floating in the air, but a plant with its roots firmly fixed in the earth. It was argued there that ‘the same material can be observed at different levels of stylisation in different poetical contexts’, and that we can learn a great deal about the poems and their authors by following the ways in which they employ and vary the same subject matter. That was illustrated in connection with such elements of the life of pleasure as drinking and singing, bathing and nakedness; and also with the topic of death. Those ideas are carried further in this paper, which extends that approach to another area: that of religious cult. It concentrates on the poet Horace and aims to show how he uses and varies the theme of religious festivals and ceremonies, and what contrasts are offered by the work of Propertius and Ovid.
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Latecki, B. "Pollyanna Syndrome in Psychotherapy-or Pseudotherapy. Counseling, Consoling or Counterfeiting?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s777—s778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1474.
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Pollyanna syndrome, the name being taken from a book of the same title, means “an excessively or blindly optimistic person.” The occurrence and danger of such attitudes in psychotherapy is discussed. Such attitudes may occur both in patients and their therapists. Either of them may say “things will not be so bad...” attempting to console not him/himself but the other party. The main aim of psychotherapy is to facilitate taking responsibility and decisions. But there are also other aims, identical to those attributed to philosophy in ancient times, namely, “to treat the soul” or, clinically speaking, to provide consolation. This is usually achieved by attributing meaning and purpose to suffering and set-backs. In the paper, I discuss how the therapist could avoid the trap of being and coercing the patient to be “optimistic, positive, and strong” when the situation does not necessarily warrant such an attitude. Philosophy may be of help here. One may apply theodicy, that is, the philosophical attempt to explain and justify the evil existing in God's world. Another possibility is Ericksonian approach of utilization, paradoxical intervention, using metaphors and hypnotic techniques in order to let the patient come up with his own, intimate resources facilitating recovery. Logotherapy, which is an existential approach is recommended, either as such or as a part of REBT. In short, the difference between an ineffective and an effective approach is the difference between being optimistic and being realistic.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Sokoloff, Naomi. "Reinventing Bruno Schulz: Cynthia Ozick's The Messiah of Stockholm and David Grossman's See Under: Love." AJS Review 13, no. 1-2 (1988): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400002348.
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Bruno Schulz, the Polish Jewish author of brilliant phantasmagoria, was gunned down by a Nazi officer in the Drohobycz ghetto in 1942. He left behind a small corpus of narrative work, published in English under the titles The Street of Crocodiles and Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass. 1 Another manuscript to which he had devoted several years, The Messiah, remained unfinished. Presumably it perished in the Holocaust, for it has never been recovered. Two recent novels, David Grossman's See Under: Love ('Ayen 'erekh 'ahavah)2 and Cynthia Ozick's (The Messiah of Stockholm),3 both turn the influence of Bruno Schulz and an evaluation of the events of his life to explicit thematic focus as they engage, too, in an imaginative reconstruction of the lost work, The Messiah. Though they have written very different books in different languages, Ozick and Grossman both take the same constellation of tensions as the raw material of their texts, and they elaborate on this fundamental similarity of concerns as part of a meditation on the power of the imagination, the possibilities of artistic expression, and Jewish identity in the second generation after the Holocaust.
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Brzezinski, J. K. "Prabodhānanda Sarasvatī: from Benares to Braj." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 55, no. 1 (February 1992): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00002640.
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Over the past several centuries, the town of Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh has celebrated the loves of the pastoral god Kṛṣṇa and his beloved Rādhā. Numerous saints and devotional authors have contributed to the rich cultural heritage of this Hindu holy land, all doing much to strengthen its position as a centre for one of the most important streams of religious feeling in India. However, despite the theological claims of universal liberation from mundane preoccupations said to result from such religious feeling, the Vaiṣṇavism of Vrindavan shows the same susceptibility to human rivalry that can be detected in other religious movements. This rivalry takes the form of controversies which have not yet been entirely resolved. In this article and another which follows it, I undertake to address a triad of such controversies, well aware that the matters are still sensitive ones for both the parties involved: the Rādhāvallabhī followers of Hita Harivaṃśa, and the Gauḍīyas, followers of Caitanya Mahāprabhu. The chief matter contested by these devotees is the authorship of a book well-loved by both sects: the Rādhārasasudhānidhi (RRSN), ascribed to Hita Harivaṃśa by his followers in the Rādhāvallabhī tradition and to Prabodhānanda Sarasvatī by the Gauḍīyas. Before treating this question, however, one is obliged to confront two others: one concerns the identity of Prabodhānanda, the second that of Hita Harivaṃśa's relation to the Gauḍīya school. Both of these personalities are claimed by each of the sects to have, at one time or another, accepted allegiance to their own group.
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Osovsky, Oleg, Svetlana Dubrovskaya, and Ekaterina Chernetsova. "Social education through the lens of Bakhtinian theory." Dialogic Pedagogy: An International Online Journal 9 (September 7, 2021): R7—R16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/dpj.2021.440.
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A review of Bakhtin in the Fullness of Time: Bakhtinian Theory and the Process of Social Education, Edited by Craig Brandist, Michael E. Gardiner, E. Jayne White and Carl Mika. L.: Routledge. 2020. 160 p.
The review of the collection of articles Bakhtin in the Fullness of Time: Bakhtinian Theory and the Process of Social Education represents an analysis of the perspectives, main trends, and interpretations of key points, ideas, and concepts of M. M. Bakhtin in the contemporary theory and practice of Social Education.
The book’s nine chapters are grouped within three problem areas, researched by the book’s contributors. This is, in the first place, a re-establishment of those philosophical and sociological sources that trace back to the roots of Bakhtin’s early views that had defined the nature of his responses to the challenges of his time in his early philosophical texts, books about Dostoevsky and books about bildungsroman. Another field of examination is Bakhtin's late dialogue with his contemporaries. Sometimes this dialogue is active and obvious, as it happens in the situation with the latest aesthetic and literary trends in Russia at the beginning of the 1920s. Sometimes this dialogue turns out to be ambiguous, therefore researchers can only guess how to reconstruct it, basing their views on the complementarity of Bakhtin’s ideas and Lev Vygotsky or Paulo Freire’s ones.
An equally important aspect of this collection is a number of articles devoted to how Bakhtin's theory is transformed into "classroom practice", whether it concerns the use of dialogue and its capabilities in interaction with foreigners, providing educational opportunities to the most economically vulnerable segments of South African society, or communication with preschoolers in kindergarten.
The authors of the book managed to create a convincing picture of how Bakhtinian theory is becoming one of the most important elements of contemporary theory and practice of education. At the same time, not only Bakhtinian ideas, primarily the concepts of dialogue, polyphony, carnival, and chronotope, are important, but also that free polyphony, which puts into effect any creative practice.
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Yuqi,, Wang. "The Title of the Collection of Yu Dafu «沉论》(1921) as an Image of Perception and Self-perception." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 1 (February 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-1-16-24.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism to the issues of reflection in the artistic word of the processes of perception of each other by ethnic groups. The novelty of the work is defined by the appeal to the previously unpublished in Russia and not studied text of the collection by Yu Dafu Chen Lun as a source of reconstruction of the image of Japan's perception by the Chinese intelligentsia of the 1920s-1940s and self-perception. The problem of the research is to reconstruct the semantic content of the Chinese lexeme 沉 论 （Chen Lun) as an artistic concept of the image of Japan's perception and self-perception of the Chinese living there. The purpose of the work is to explicate the ideological and psychological mechanisms of creating images of perception and self-perception of the Chinese in the prose of Yu Dafu as a representative of the Left Wing of Chinese literature in the 1920s-1940s. The methodology of the work is based on a comparative analysis of the ideological and thematic content of the book and the semantics of the title of the collection, translations of these titles into Russian and English in different historical periods. The author uses historical-literary, comparative-historical methods, lexical-semantic analysis, comparative analysis of translation and translations with the original, conceptual analysis. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Russian and English translations of story titles (〇mut - Whirlpool), a lexical and semantic analysis of the word 沉论， key concepts and ideas of the collection, the author proposes another version of the translation into Russian as Pogryazshie (Drowned). The heroes of the Yu Dafu collection are young reflective Chinese intellectuals who came to Japan in the mid-1910s, have ambivalent feelings: the desire to see in Japan and the Japanese a model for self-improvement, and at the same time - dislike for the “higher” culture in relation to China. This study helps to reconstruct with psychological certainty the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese by revolutionary-minded Chinese youth of the 1920s, to explicate their image of self-perception, ideas about their own ethnos and ways of development of the Chinese state and Chinese ethnicity in this historical period. Keywords: literary images of perception, poetics of translation, China, Japan
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Kumar Dhusia, Devendra. "Strategies for Preventing Plagiarism - A Case Study of Top Indian Universities." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/16191.
Full textAbstract:
Plagiarism is becoming a straw man. Always ceasing author, writer, artist, architects, programmers, students and other creative people for presenting their views in the form of research paper, article, book and in other forms. Writing a research paper scholarly in challenge for the researchers, who have threat that they may be proved plagiarized. Hence the area has come up as hot cake topic of discussion. In this research paper data is collected for selected Indian universities at Delhi and the result comes out is really shocking which make future of research in question mark? As the tools used to measures the plagiarism is still at infancy stage and the biggest acceptable tool for measuring research is turn tin which itself need repair as per demand of various researchers. Case of Melania Trump and Michella Obama and many other Great mighties since Shakespeare to Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan and including famous film makers, lyricist, higher education dignitaries and Vice Chancellors have been alleged of this crime. Plagiarism is measuring tool for academic corruption and dishonesty with breach of Journalistic ethics it is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the demonstration of them as one's possess original work. As per Indian government law it is crime under copy right and intellectual property right including IT Act 2000 (Information Technology Act). Punishment is different in different country as per their legal laws. This Research paper proposes to discuss the various factors involved in plagiarism and researcher should know about it before writing something public. The intention behind this paper is to caution to new researchers and to provide suggestions to great scholars to make themselves safe from being plagiarized. Optimum uses of turn tin application and mistakes made by researchers are discussed in this research paper.