Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thermal decomposition products

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Thermal decomposition products'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermal decomposition products"

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Lin, Ai Jeng, Anthony D. Theoharides, and Daniel L. Klayman. "Thermal decomposition products of dihydroahtemisinin ()." Tetrahedron 42, no. 8 (January 1986): 2181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90596-4.

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Hatten, Courtney D., Kevin R. Kaskey, Brian J. Warner, Emily M. Wright, and Laura R. McCunn. "Thermal decomposition products of butyraldehyde." Journal of Chemical Physics 139, no. 21 (December 7, 2013): 214303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4832898.

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Tsuchiya, Yoshio, and Kikuo Sumi. "Thermal decomposition products of polyvinyl chloride." Journal of Applied Chemistry 17, no. 12 (May 4, 2007): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010171207.

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Baev, Alekseiy K. "THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TRIMETHYLINDIUM." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165902.52431.

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The thermal decomposition of trimethylindium was studied. The kinetic parameters, composition of gaseous products and activation energy were established. The mechanism of proceeding reactions was proposed.
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Lesnikovich, A. I., O. A. Ivashkevich, G. V. Printsev, P. N. Gaponik, and S. V. Levchik. "Thermal decomposition of tetrazole Part III. Analysis of decomposition products." Thermochimica Acta 171 (November 1990): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)87020-d.

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Barontini, Federica, Valerio Cozzani, and Luigi Petarca. "Thermal Stability and Decomposition Products of Hexabromocyclododecane." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40, no. 15 (July 2001): 3270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie001002v.

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Panasyuk, G. P., L. A. Azarova, G. P. Budova, and A. P. Savost’yanov. "Copper terephthalate and its thermal decomposition products." Inorganic Materials 43, no. 9 (September 2007): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168507090075.

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Kennah, Harold Edwin, Maryanne F. Stock, and Yves Alarie. "Toxicity of Thermal Decomposition Products from Composites." Journal of Fire Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 1987): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490418700500101.

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Shishlov, N. M., Sh S. Akhmetzyanov, and S. L. Khursan. "Radical products of thermal decomposition of polydiphenylenesulfophthalide." Russian Chemical Bulletin 62, no. 7 (July 2013): 1614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-013-0234-7.

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Morin, Julien, and Yuri Bedjanian. "Thermal Decomposition of Isopropyl Nitrate: Kinetics and Products." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 120, no. 41 (October 6, 2016): 8037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06552.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermal decomposition products"

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Farhana, Sharmeen. "Thermal decomposition of struvite : a novel approach to recover ammonia from wastewater using struvite decomposition products." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54180.

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Ammonia recovery technology, utilizing newberyite (MgHPO₄.3H₂O) as a struvite (MgNH₄PO₄.6H₂O) decomposition product, is gaining interest as usage of newberyite can significantly reduce the cost of commercial reagents, by providing readily available magnesium and phosphate for struvite reformation. In this study, the efficiency of ammonia removal from struvite, and a transformation process of struvite to newberyite, were investigated through performing oven dry, bench-scale and pilot-scale experiments. In the oven dry experiments, the structural and compositional changes of synthetic struvite, upon decomposition, were evaluated. Around 60-70% ammonia removal efficiency was achieved through struvite thermal decomposition above 60º±0.5ºC, with up to 71.1ºC with prolonged heating. The 2D amorphous layered structure, present in the decomposed solid phase, entrapped around 30-40% residual ammonia between the layers of magnesium and phosphate, inhibiting further ammonia removal. Subsequently, bench-scale experiments were conducted based on the hypothesis that humid air can prevent the formation of a layered structure including dittmarite (MgNH₄PO₄.H₂O) and an amorphous 2D layered structure. Struvite pellets of different sources and sizes were heated in a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of hot air and steam. Introduction of steam resulted in complete transformation of struvite pellets (<1mm) into newberyite at 80ºC, 95% relative humidity and 2 hours of heating. Finally, pilot-scale experiments were carried out to further optimize the operating conditions for industrial application. The smaller and softer pellets (size <1mm, hardness 300-500 g) were the best suited for struvite-to-newberyite conversion. The process was optimized further by narrowing down the relative humidity from 95% to 85% and reducing the heating duration from 2 to 1.5 hours. The operating cost of the pilot-scale process was estimated, which can be reduced through recycling the heat and moist air over the cycle. The number of cycles for which the decomposed product can be effectively reused depends on the required overall N-recovery efficiency, as well as the performance of the struvite recrystallization stage. The greatest advantage of the proposed technology, over other recovery methods, is that the operating costs can be turned into revenue by utilizing the recovered product as fertilizer or energy source.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Brien, Kimberly A. "Bismuth aryloxide reactivity kinetics of thermal decomposition and resulting organic oxidation products /." [Fort Worth, Tex.] : Texas Christian University, 2010. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-07232010-131742/unrestricted/Brien.pdf.

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Chai, Ming. "Thermal Decomposition of Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Fuel: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Products." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342544227.

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Maheshwari, Neha. "Overview of plant-based natural antioxidants and effect of thermal decomposition." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20596.

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Master of Science
Food Science Institute - Animal Sciences and Industry
J. Scott Smith
The popularity of convenience foods and consumer awareness have indirectly increased the demand for novel and naturally occurring compounds that can delay oxidative deterioration and maintain nutritional quality of foods. Natural antioxidants from certain herbs and spices such as rosmarinic acid from rosemary, thymol from oregano, eugenol from clove, curcumin from turmeric are rich in polyphenolic compounds that provide long term oxidative stability as well as offer additional health benefits. High antioxidative capacity of herbs and spices phenolics could potentially substitute synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate (PG), octyl gallate, and tert-butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ) in the food system. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are thermally unstable and decompose at higher temperatures. However, widely used cooking methods such as baking, frying, boiling, and roasting use high thermal temperature that can chemically degrade herbs and spices and diminish their antioxidative capacity, but they have been little studied. In this context, this review deals with the need of natural antioxidants, spices and herbs as natural antioxidants, their origin, chemical composition, pharmacological, and antioxidant properties. Moreover, the impact of temperature on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of various herbs and spices such as cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, mace, oregano, rosemary, sage, and turmeric is highlighted. Different antioxidant assays are also studied and this approach revealed that there is a clear correlation between total phenolic content (TPC) and TAC of herbs and spices and specific phenolic compounds are responsible for the antioxidative capacity of particular herb and spice. These findings identified the optimum cooking temperature-time combination which results in the highest retention of antioxidative capacity and assures higher quality of food for the maintenance of human health.
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Ditch, Benjamin D. "Thermal decomposition products testing with 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5 nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl pentan-3-one (C6 F-ketone) during fire extinguishing." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0106103-152708.

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Bradbury, James Edward. "AKD sizing reversion : the vapor phase adsorption of the thermal decomposition products of alkyl ketene dimmer onto cellulose substrates." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7013.

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Huyghues-Despointes, Alexis. "Development of analytical techniques and mechanistic studies related to the thermal decomposition of Amadori rearrangement products from secondary amines." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29046.

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Standards of Amadori rearrangement products (ARP) were synthesized for the purpose of developing analytical techniques and performing mechanistic studies related to their thermal decomposition. Several synthetic strategies were explored. An HPLC analytical system with a diode array detector was coupled to a fluorometer and an electrochemical detector, in order to detect simultaneously and on-line, a wide variety of degradation products of ARPs and to follow their kinetics. The potential of such a system to analyze complex Maillard mixtures was demonstrated. The kinetics of the reaction of glucose with morpholine (a Strecker inactive analogue of proline was used in order to simplify the kinetics) to produce Amadori morpholine was studied under experimental conditions that minimize side reactions and maximize Amadori product formation. At specific time intervals, the samples were analyzed for the presence of reactants and Amadori product by the multidetector HPLC system. Color and fluorescence were also measured. The data obtained were used to calculate the rate constants for the formation and degradation of Amadori product. A mechanistic model that statistically fitted the kinetic data was proposed. To further understand the details of the decomposition mechanism of Amadori proline, different mass spectrometric experiment were performed. High resolution, linked-field scan and neutral loss experiments have indicated that 1-((2$ sp prime$-carboxyl)pyrrolidinyl)-1-deoxy- scD-fructose (Proline Amadori product) followed two main pathways of fragmentation under electron impact conditions; one initiated by the ring oxygen and the other by the amino acid nitrogen, producing two well stabilized fragment ions; oxonium and imminium ions. In addition, ortho-elimination reactions initiated by O or N-centered radical sites were shown to produce the most intense peaks and diagnostically important ions for the identification of Amadori products. However this approach can only pro
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Mendez, Andreas Sebastian Loureiro. "Estudo de estabilidade do antibiótico meropenem." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28512.

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A estabilidade de medicamentos constitui um tema atual e de grande importância no meio científico. Tem sido constantemente abordada em estudos direcionados à avaliação da qualidade das preparações farmacêuticas. O meropenem, um antibiótico carbapenêmico de amplo espectro de ação, é utilizado como um importante recurso terapêutico para o tratamento de infecções graves. Por ser um agente antimicrobiano ativo e eficaz, de uso clínico em muitos países, tornase necessária a pesquisa mais aprofundada de sua estabilidade, propiciando um maior entendimento dos aspectos que podem influenciar na sua manipulação e armazenamento. O presente trabalho objetiva a avaliação da estabilidade do meropenem em condições de degradação forçada, contemplando a determinação da cinética de degradação, o isolamento e identificação de produtos de decomposição e a determinação da citotoxicidade das amostras degradadas e dos produtos isolados. Amostras de meropenem pó para solução injetável (500 mg) e solução reconstituída em água (50 mg/mL) foram submetidas à degradação térmica em diferentes temperaturas. Para a decomposição ácido-base, soluções aquosas de meropenem a 1,0 mg/mL foram preparadas em HCl 0,1 M e NaOH 0,1 M, e estocadas a 25 °C. As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, em sistema de fase reversa. Para o ensaio de determinação cinética, as amostras submetidas à maior temperatura de degradação foram também analisadas por ensaio microbiológico – método de difusão em ágar-cilindros em placas. O isolamento do produto de degradação térmica foi efetuado através da combinação das técnicas de cromatografia em coluna e cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa. Para o produto oriundo de catálise básica, a identificação foi efetuada diretamente na amostra degradada, não havendo a necessidade de prévio isolamento. A elucidação estrutural dos produtos de degradação foi realizada por ressonância magnética nuclear e espectrometria de massas. As amostras degradadas e o produto de catálise básica foram avaliados in vitro quanto ao potencial citotóxico frente a células mononucleares. Para determinação da viabilidade celular, os conteúdos celulares foram avaliados por citometria de fluxo. Os resultados dos ensaios de cinética química indicaram que o meropenem sofre decomposição térmica seguindo reação de primeira ordem. As amostras degradadas apresentaram uma acentuada redução de teor, com formação de produtos de degradação. As técnicas cromatográficas de purificação utilizadas permitiram o isolamento de um produto oriundo da degradação térmica da solução reconstituída. A identificação demonstrou que o mesmo teve uma modificação estrutural extensa, gerada a partir de reações de decomposição passíveis de ocorrer para o derivado carbapenêmico avaliado. Para o produto de degradação básica, verificou-se o rompimento do anel β-lactâmico, em reação característica destes compostos. A avaliação preliminar da citotoxicidade indicou que as amostras ensaiadas apresentam toxicidade celular in vitro após 48 horas de incubação, fornecendo indícios de necessidade de atenção para este aspecto. A totalidade dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho permite a conclusão de que a estabilidade do meropenem é um tema de grande relevância e deve ser considerada na hora da manipulação do produto, de modo a evitar problemas de qualidade oriundos de amostras degradadas e seus produtos de degradação.
The stability of pharmaceuticals is a current and important subject in the scientific field. It has been frequently cited in studies related with the quality evaluation of pharmaceutical preparations. Meropenem, a carbapenemic antibiotic with broad spectrum, is used as an important therapeutic agent for the treatment of several infections. Since it is an active and effective antimicrobial, used in many countries, it is necessary the complete research about its stability, providing more knowledge about the aspects that could influence in its handle and storage. The aim of this work is the evaluation of meropenem stability in forced degradation conditions, including the determination of degradation kinetics, the isolation and identification of decomposition products and the citotoxicity evaluation of degraded samples and isolated products. Meropenem powder for injection (500 mg) and reconstituted solution in water (50 mg ml-1) were submitted to thermal degradation. For acid-basic decomposition, meropenem aqueous solution at 1.0 mg ml-1 were prepared in HCl 0.1 M and NaOH 0.1 M, and stored at 25 °C. The samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography, in reverse phase system. In the kinetics determination, the samples stored at 45 °C and 90 °C were also evaluated by microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method. The isolation of thermal degradation product was carried out by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. For the product obtained through basic catalysis, the identification was done directly in the degraded sample, without previous isolation. The structural elucidation of degradation products was performed by nuclear magnetic ressonance and mass spectrometry. The degraded samples and basic catalysis product were evaluated with respect to citotoxic potential in vitro against mononuclear cells. The cellular viability was determined by flow citometry. The results of chemical kinetics indicated that thermal decomposition of meropenem is described by first order reaction. The degraded samples showed a significant reduction in the potency, with formation of degradation products. The chromatographic purification techniques allowed the isolation of one thermal degradation product. For the basic degradation product, it was verified the hidrolysis of β-lactam ring, in a caracterisitc reaction for these compounds. The preliminary citotoxicity evaluation indicated that samples were toxic after 48 hours. The results obtained in this work allowed to conclude that the stability of meropenem is a subject of great importance and should be considered in the handle of the product, in order to avoid quality problems from degraded samples and degradation products.
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Nguyen, Thi Huyen Trang. "Émissions polluantes des NOx : mécanisme de formation et de réduction." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0449/document.

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Les émissions des NOₓ par l'industrie métallurgique proviennent principalement de la combustion du charbon au cours du procédé d'agglomération. Parmi les méthodes de réduction des NOₓ de ce procédé, l'ajout des additifs dans le mélange de matières premières du procédé d'agglomération a été choisi grâce à ses avantages. Ces techniques sont relativement simples à mettre en oeuvre, et ne nécessitent qu'un faible coût d'investissement. Cette thèse est une partie du projet européen INTERREG IVA CleanTech et du projet industriel d'ArcelorMittal de Dunkerque, qui portent sur les études de réductions de NOₓ par méthode d'ajout des additifs. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier le mécanisme de réduction des NOₓ par ces additifs afin d'optimiser le procédé et de choisir des nouveaux additifs. De plus, les propriétés des produits d'agglomérés sont également étudiées pour déterminer l'influence des additifs sur les qualités de produit final. Une première étude expérimentale a été consacrée à l'étude de la décomposition thermique des additifs utilisés afin de comprendre le mécanisme de diminution des NOₓ. Nous avons pu déterminer des composés-réducteurs de NOₓ et des quantités formées au cours de la pyrolyse des additifs. Cela nous permet de confirmer les produits influençant sur la réduction des NOₓ. Dans une deuxième partie, les produits d'agglomérés obtenus lors des essais dans la cuve pilote, ont été mesurés par différentes méthodes (diffraction X au laboratoire, diffraction X à haute énergie et haute résolution sur synchrotron, spectroscopie Mössbauer). Nous avons d'abord déterminé les compositions des phases cristallines contenus dans les agglomérés. Nous avons ensuite comparé les différences entre les agglomérés références (sans additifs) et les agglomérés obtenus avec différents additifs afin de déterminer les phases responsables pour la résistance mécanique
NOₓ emission in the steel industry mainly come from the combustion of coal in the agglomeration process. Among the methods of NOₓ reduction for this process, the addition of additives to the mixture of raw materials agglomeration process is chosen due to its advantages. This technique is comparatively simple to implement, and requires only a low-cost investment. This thesis is part of European project INTERREG IVA CleanTech and industrial project ArcelorMittal Dunkerque in order to study NOₓ reductions by additives. The objectives of this thesis is to have a better comprehension in the mechanism of NOₓ reduction by additives to optimize the process with more effective additives. With that purpose, the properties of agglomerated products are also studied to determine the additives' influences on the quality of the final product. In the first part, an experimental study was devoted to sutdy the thermal decomposition of the additives to understand the mechanism of NOₓ reduction. The compounds formed during the pyrolysis of additives are identified and quantified. This allows us to confirm the products' influence on the reduction of NOₓ. In the second part, agglomerated products obtained in the pilot test are measured by different methods (X-ray diffraction laboratory, high-energy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy). To determine the compositions of crystalline phases contained in the agglomerates. We then compared the differences between the reference agglomerate (without additives) and agglomerate obtained with different additives in order to determine the phases related to the mechanical resistance
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Marshall, Jamila Shakira. "Comparative kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of nanocellulose produced by H2SO4 hydrolysis, Tempo, and AVAP processes." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2015. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3114.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are of great interest as reinforcing phases for polymer matrix composites; however, CNCs and CNFs prepared by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and TEMPO process, respectively, have been reported to lack the thermal stability necessary for incorporation in many polymer systems. We have compared the thermal stability of CNCs and CNFs prepared by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis, TEMPO, and AVAP® processes and the corresponding starting materials by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). We found that the AVAP® process does not appreciably reduce the thermal stability of the nanocellulose relative to the cellulose in the starting material. Sulfuric acid hydrolysis and TEMPO oxidation of cellulose gives CNCs and CNFs, respectively, that have a much lower thermal stability than the cellulose from which they were prepared. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to examine the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of the nanomaterials and corresponding starting materials; however, the degree of crystallinity determined by XRD showed no correlation with the thermal stability of the nanocellulose materials.
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Books on the topic "Thermal decomposition products"

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Adams, Arnold. Analytical methods for determining products from thermal decomposition of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Analytical Methods For Determining Products From Thermal Decomposition of Aluminum Nitrate Nonahydrate. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Perry, Cortes L. Products of combustion of non-metallic materials: Final contractor report. Huntsville, AL: C L Perry Associates, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermal decomposition products"

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Onyewu, Philip N., Henryk Daun, and Chi-Tang Ho. "Volatile Thermal Decomposition Products of β-Carotene." In ACS Symposium Series, 247–56. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0409.ch023.

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Cavus, Hande, Cem Kahruman, and Ibrahim Yusufoglu. "Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition Products of Ammonium Heptamolybdate Tetrahydrate in Air and Inert Gas Atmospheres." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 785–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch74.

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Tsuchiyama, Toshihiro, N. Hirakawa, N. Nakada, and Setsuo Takaki. "Decomposition of Austenite in Fe-25Cr-1N Alloy Produced by Solution Nitriding." In THERMEC 2006, 4950–55. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.4950.

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Niu, Liping, Ting-an Zhang, Guozhi Lv, and Baojing Zhang. "Study on the Direct Oxidation Thermal Decomposition of Magnesium Chloride by Product in the Sponge Titanium Production Process to Prepare Magnesium Oxide." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 209–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52392-7_32.

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Song, Xing Fu, Jin Wang, Xiang Tian Wang, and Jian Guo Yu. "Preparation of Anhydrous Magnesium Chloride from MgCl2·6H2O Ⅱ Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of the Intermediate Product." In Materials Science Forum, 61–64. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-968-7.61.

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"Chapter 6 Characterization of reactants, decomposition intermediates and products, and the formulation of mechanisms." In Thermal Decomposition of Ionic Solids, 173–214. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6881(99)80007-x.

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"Effect of the Reactant Crystal Structure on the Composition of the Primary Decomposition Products." In Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 125–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5672-7_10.

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Morrow, Gary W. "The Terpenoid Pathway: Products from Mevalonic Acid and Deoxyxylulose Phosphate." In Bioorganic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199860531.003.0007.

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It was Otto Wallach (1847– 1931) who first coined the term “terpene” and made the observation that many plant-derived essential oils had chemical structures whose composition was based on multiples of a basic five-carbon unit. His work with turpentine and the organic products derived from it was consistent with earlier studies of natural rubber which had shown that its thermal decomposition released “isoprene” (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) as the principal product. This led eventually to the formulation of the so-called biogenetic isoprene rule of Leopold Ruzicka (1887–1976) in 1953 which stated that “the carbon skeleton of the terpenes is composed of isoprene units linked in regular or irregular arrangement.” As it turns out, biosynthetic pathways to terpenes are found in nearly all organisms, producing a remarkable variety of different structural types, as we will soon see. In fact, something in excess of over 25,000 different terpenes with a wide variety of biological functions have been isolated from the plant kingdom over the years. Interestingly, while many terpenes are simple achiral compounds, others are chiral as can be seen in the case of α-pinene in Fig. 4.1. But unlike the naturally occurring L-amino acids and D-carbohydrates, different organisms may produce the same terpene product but in different enantiomeric forms. For example, limonene is formed by more than 300 plants, with the (+)-(R) enantiomer being the most widespread form as the major constituent of citrus peel essential oils (orange oil). As the most abundant of all terpenes, its pleasant citrus fragrance and flavor have led to its worldwide use in the food and fragrance industries and also as a botanical insecticide. A number of plants produce both enantiomers of limonene, while others produce only the (−)-(S)-enantiomer which possesses a strong pine smell reminiscent of turpentine. This obviously speaks to the chirality and enantioselectivity of our own olfactory receptor sites which can readily distinguish between the two enantiomers, thus signaling a different odor response in each case.
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Andrushkevich, T. V., V. M. Bondareva, R. I. Maksimovskaya, G. Ya Popova, L. M. Plyasova, G. S. Litvak, and A. V. Ziborov. "Thermolysis of Heteropolyacid H3PMO12O40 and Catalytic Properties of the Thermal Decomposition Products in Oxidation of Acrolein to Acrylic Acid." In New Developments in Selective Oxidation II, Proceedings of the Second World Congress and Fourth European Workshop Meeting, 837–44. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63481-3.

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G. Zenkevich, Igor. "Features and New Examples of Gas Chromatographic Separation of Thermally Unstable Analytes." In Recent Advances in Gas Chromatography [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94229.

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The processes of thermal decomposition of analytes in gas chromatographic (GC) columns are classified and two new examples of them are considered in details. First of them is monomolecular decomposition of monoalkyl esters of benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid (monoalkyl phthalates). This process has the analogy in chemical reactions in solutions and it may be responsible for the toxicity of phthalates. The second example is decomposition of non-substituted hydrazones of both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. The analytes of the second sub-group present the first example of bimolecular (second order) decomposition in a GC column: two molecules of hydrazones form stable azines and hydrazine. Besides that this process presents the particular interest, because it is accompanied by secondary chemical reactions not in an injector, but within GC column, when a by-product of decomposition is involved into secondary interaction with other constituents of the samples. It was confirmed, that visual images of all these decomposition processes on the chromatograms are rather identical and coincide with the manifestations of interconversion of isomers or tautomers. The most often expressed features of chromatographic profiles in such cases are the presence of peaks of an initial analyte and a product of its decomposition or isomerization, connected with more or less expressed diffused “plateau” or “train” between them. The decomposition processes during sample preparation prior to chromatographic separation or in the heated injector of GC instrument are not accompanied by such features. Despite of the rather “exotic” character of the examples considered, the knowledge of them seems to be useful for better revealing the analogous situations in chromatographic practice. Thermal instability of analytes is the principal restriction of GC separation of reactive compounds and we cannot eliminate it for objective reasons. However, in some cases we can evaluate the temperature limits of chromatographic columns, which should not be exceeded during GC separation of instable compounds. The simplest (low boiling) homologs of thermally unstable compounds are often characterized by “normal” boiling point at atmospheric pressure (T b, °C) without decomposition, that means the possibility of their GC analysis unambiguously. Therefore, we can select such T b values as GC and/or GC–MS temperature limit (T lim) for other members of series of thermally unstable homologs. If GC separation is carried out not in isothermal, but in temperature programming conditions, so-called retention temperature (T R) of unstable analytes should not exceed the evaluated T lim value.
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Conference papers on the topic "Thermal decomposition products"

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Wong, Hsi-Wu, Jay Peck, Robin Edwards, Guillaume Reinisch, Jean Lachaud, and Nagi N. Mansour. "Measurement of pyrolysis products from phenolic polymer thermal decomposition." In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1388.

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Ozalp, Nesrin. "Energy, Environment, and Economical Advantages of Solar Thermal Cracking of Natural Gas." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84222.

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Among all fossil fuels, natural gas is probably the most attractive one because of its higher heating value, and approximately 97% methane content, which creates less hazardous emissions during power generation. Considering these important facts and the demand for natural gas in the world market, it would be unlikely to think of converting natural gas. However, if we want to utilize our planet’s limited natural gas resources better, then we need to explore alternative ways. A way to achieve that goal is direct cracking of natural gas via solar thermal processing. This paper describes advantages of solar cracking of natural gas from energy, environment and economic point of view. Results show that products of natural gas decomposition contain 8% more energy per mole compared to natural gas itself, while the decomposition process does not emit any hazardous emissions to the environment. As for the economics, once the decomposition products of natural gas, namely hydrogen and carbon black, are sold separately, it is possible to make up to three times more revenue than the selling of natural gas. The products of natural gas decomposition have a very wide use in chemical and petroleum industries. For example, hydrogen is a crucial commodity to refine crude oil, while carbon black is the fundamental component in car tire, battery, conveyer belt, and printer ink manufacturing industries. Currently, petroleum industry produces hydrogen via steam reforming of methane and the chemical industry produces carbon black from coal or natural gas combustion in furnace, which are both highly toxic and global warming emissive processes. With solar cracking of natural gas, these two important commodities can be produced without any emissions to the environment.
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Knyazeva, A. G., and A. L. Maslov. "Flow of products of thermal decomposition of oil shale through porous skeleton." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2016: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures 2016. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966386.

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Zhang, Zhixiao, Xintian Zhao, Eilhann Kwon, and Marco J. Castaldi. "Experimental Research on Microwave Induced Thermal Decomposition of Printed Circuit Board Wastes." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3536.

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As a result of electronic industry development in China, significant amount of Printed Circuit Board (PCBs) wastes are generated. The thermal decomposition via combustion or pyrolysis/gasification is considered to be a feasible disposal way for PCBs. To understand the consequences of pyrolysis, gasification or combustion in WTE facilities, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been carried to characterize the thermal decomposition mechanisms and extract the kinetic parameters in various atmospheres (N2, CO2 and air) to simulate different regions in WTE applications. TGA tests in N2 atmosphere showed there was only one significant reaction in the low temperature range of 270∼350°C, which was the decomposition of epoxy resin in PCBs. The behavior in CO2 atmosphere was similar with that in N2. However, the PCBs oxidation process in air atmosphere showed two thermal decomposition steps. One was the thermal decomposition similar to the volatilization in N2 atmosphere and the second step showed oxidation behavior. Some pre-processing was investigated to explore possible benefits in WTE combustion. PCBs waste was pyrolyzed using a microwave tubular furnace. The liquid product were collected and then identified by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Most of the Br contained in PCBs was released into non-condensable gas in the form of HBr. The liquid product contained a large amount of phenolic compounds, bisphenol A and other aromatic compounds that can be used to produce related chemical products or used in WTE facilities. The experimental results including the thermal kinetic parameters and microwave induced pyrolysis indicate the complex mechanisms that take place during the pyrolysis of PCBs wastes.
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Schaper, M., and K. Detwiler-Okabayashi. "40. Comparison of Sensory Irritation Properties of Thermal Decomposition Products Versus Those of Known Irritants." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765091.

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Tang, Zijun, Ping Fang, Jianhang Huang, and Peiyi Zhong. "Effect of conditioner Fe2O3 on N-containing gaseous products distribution during sewage sludge thermal decomposition." In 2016 5th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment Engineering (ICSEEE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-16.2016.18.

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Kawaguchi, Munemichi. "Measurement of Thermal Decomposition Temperature and Rate of Sodium Hydride." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16423.

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Abstract In decommissioning sodium-cooled fast reactors, the operators can be exposed to radiation during dismantling of cold trap equipment (C/T). The C/T is higher dose equipment because the C/T trapped tritium of fission products during the operation to purify the sodium coolant. In this study, thermal decomposition temperature and rate of sodium hydride (NaH) were measured as a fundamental research for development of “thermolysis” process prior to the dismantling. We measured the thermal decomposition temperature and rate using NaH powder (95.3%, Sigma-Aldrich) in alumina pan with ThermoGravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) instrument (STA2500 Regulus, NETZSCH Japan). The heating rates of TG-DTA were set to β = 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 K/min. The DTA showed endothermic reaction and the TG showed two-steps mass-loss over 580K. This first-step mass-loss was consistent with change of chemical composition of the NaH with heating (NaH → Na+1/2H2). The thermal decomposition temperature and rate were obtained from the onset temperature of the mass-loss and the simplified Kissinger plots, respectively. Furthermore, we set to the thermal decomposition temperature of around 590K, and the mass-loss rates were measured. As a result, over 590K, the thermal decomposition occurred actively, and showed good agreement with the estimation curves obtained by the simplified Kissinger plots. The thermal decomposition rate strongly depended on the heating temperature.
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Buynachev, Sergey V., Maxim A. Mashkovtsev, Danil K. Aleshin, Egor V. Gordeev, Nina V. Zhirenkina, and Evgenie O. Baksheev. "Influence of the pH value on the properties of LYH and products of their thermal decomposition." In PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATION (PTI-2018): Proceedings of the V International Young Researchers’ Conference. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5055088.

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Agarwal, Gaurav, and Brian Lattimer. "Energetic Characterization of Decomposing Sample Using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86609.

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A simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the gravimetric and energetic behavior of a decomposing sample under inert atmosphere. Materials tested in the study included liquid chemicals, polymers and composite samples. Mathematical models were developed from the first law of thermodynamics to quantify the energetic characteristics of a decomposing sample. Along with the effect of evolved gas products, the temperature dependent thermal and physical properties were included in the development of the mathematical models. Models were used to obtain the heat of melting, standard heat of decomposition, heat of decomposition, and heat of gasification of the solid materials. It was determined that the heat of decomposition of a sample is different than the area difference of the apparent and sensible heat flow curves, an approach that is currently used in the literature. The standard heat of decomposition was measured and validated against the standard heat of evaporation of known chemicals. The standard heat of decomposition of a sample was found to be a constant quantity, irrespective of the sample heating rate, initial mass of the sample and the inert content (ash) in the initial mass of the sample. Thus, the standard heat of decomposition is proposed as a unique energetic property of a sample.
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Leushina, E., P. Mikhaylova, E. Kozlova, V. Polyakov, N. Morozov, and M. Spasennykh. "Products of Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics for Immature and Mature Kerogen from the Bazhenov Source Rock Formation." In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902829.

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