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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermal decomposition products'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Lin, Ai Jeng, Anthony D. Theoharides, and Daniel L. Klayman. "Thermal decomposition products of dihydroahtemisinin ()." Tetrahedron 42, no. 8 (January 1986): 2181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90596-4.

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2

Hatten, Courtney D., Kevin R. Kaskey, Brian J. Warner, Emily M. Wright, and Laura R. McCunn. "Thermal decomposition products of butyraldehyde." Journal of Chemical Physics 139, no. 21 (December 7, 2013): 214303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4832898.

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3

Tsuchiya, Yoshio, and Kikuo Sumi. "Thermal decomposition products of polyvinyl chloride." Journal of Applied Chemistry 17, no. 12 (May 4, 2007): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010171207.

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4

Baev, Alekseiy K. "THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TRIMETHYLINDIUM." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165902.52431.

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The thermal decomposition of trimethylindium was studied. The kinetic parameters, composition of gaseous products and activation energy were established. The mechanism of proceeding reactions was proposed.

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5

Lesnikovich, A. I., O. A. Ivashkevich, G. V. Printsev, P. N. Gaponik, and S. V. Levchik. "Thermal decomposition of tetrazole Part III. Analysis of decomposition products." Thermochimica Acta 171 (November 1990): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)87020-d.

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6

Barontini, Federica, Valerio Cozzani, and Luigi Petarca. "Thermal Stability and Decomposition Products of Hexabromocyclododecane." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40, no. 15 (July 2001): 3270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie001002v.

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7

Panasyuk, G. P., L. A. Azarova, G. P. Budova, and A. P. Savost’yanov. "Copper terephthalate and its thermal decomposition products." Inorganic Materials 43, no. 9 (September 2007): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168507090075.

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8

Kennah, Harold Edwin, Maryanne F. Stock, and Yves Alarie. "Toxicity of Thermal Decomposition Products from Composites." Journal of Fire Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 1987): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490418700500101.

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9

Shishlov, N. M., Sh S. Akhmetzyanov, and S. L. Khursan. "Radical products of thermal decomposition of polydiphenylenesulfophthalide." Russian Chemical Bulletin 62, no. 7 (July 2013): 1614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-013-0234-7.

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10

Morin, Julien, and Yuri Bedjanian. "Thermal Decomposition of Isopropyl Nitrate: Kinetics and Products." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 120, no. 41 (October 6, 2016): 8037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06552.

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11

Lin, Ai Jeng, Daniel L. Klayman, James M. Hoch, James V. Silverton, and Clifford F. George. "Thermal rearrangement and decomposition products of artemisinin (qinghaosu)." Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 23 (November 1985): 4504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00223a017.

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12

Morgan, D. J., S. St. J. Warne, S. B. Warrington, and P. H. A. Nancarrow. "Thermal decomposition ractions of caledonite and their products." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 357 (September 1986): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.357.16.

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AbstractThe thermal decomposition of caledonite has been examined by simultaneous differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry. Structural H2O and CO2 are liberated endothermically between 300 and 400°C leaving a residue of lead sulphate, oxysulphate, and Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxides. A series of sharp endothermic peaks between 850 and 950°C correspond to phase transition and melting reactions of the PbO-PbSO4 mixture. The sulphate anion breaks down above 880 °C. Mass spectra of the gaseous decomposition products show SO2, SO, and O2, although SO is an artefact arising from ion fragmentation of the SO2 within the mass spectrometer. The residue at 1060 °C is composed predominantly of 2PbO · PbSO4 and Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxides.

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13

Vasiliou, AnGayle, Krzysztof M. Piech, Xu Zhang, Mark R. Nimlos, Musahid Ahmed, Amir Golan, Oleg Kostko, et al. "The products of the thermal decomposition of CH3CHO." Journal of Chemical Physics 135, no. 1 (July 7, 2011): 014306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3604005.

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14

Wójcik, M. A. "The thermal decomposition of the carbonate reaction products." Journal of Thermal Analysis 43, no. 1 (January 1995): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02635977.

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15

Huneck, Siegfried, Jürgen Schmidt, and Raffaele Tabacchi. "Thermal Decomposition of Lichen Depsides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-1023.

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The thermal decomposition of the following lichen depsides has been described: lecanoric acid, gyrophoric acid, evernic acid, perlatolic acid, planaic acid, confluentic acid, atranorin, 4-O-de-methylbarbatic acid, and sekikaic acid. Main reaction products are decarboxylated compounds, phenolic units, rearranged depsides, and xanthones. Triethylammonium salts of depside carboxylic acids decompose at reasonably lower temperature than the corresponding free acids.

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16

Pieczara, Gabriela, Maciej Manecki, Grzegorz Rzepa, Olaf Borkiewicz, and Adam Gaweł. "Thermal Stability and Decomposition Products of P-Doped Ferrihydrite." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184113.

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This work aimed to determine the effect of various amounts of P admixtures in synthetic ferrihydrite on its thermal stability, transformation processes, and the properties of the products, at a broad range of temperatures up to 1000 °C. A detailed study was conducted using a series of synthetic ferrihydrites Fe5HO8·4H2O doped with phosphates at P/Fe molar ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0. Ferrihydrite was synthesized by a reaction of Fe2(SO4)3 with 1 M KOH at room temperature in the presence of K2HPO4 at pH 8.2. The products of the synthesis and the products of heating were characterized at various stages of transformation by using differential thermal analysis accompanied with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Coprecipitation of P with ferrihydrite results in the formation of P-doped 2-line ferrihydrite. A high P content reduces crystallinity. Phosphate significantly inhibits the thermal transformation processes. The temperature of thermal transformation increases from below 550 to 710–750 °C. Formation of intermediate maghemite and Fe-phosphates, is observed. The product of heating up to 1000 °C contains hematite associated with rodolicoite FePO4 and grattarolaite Fe3PO7. Higher P content greatly increases the thermal stability and transformation temperature of rodolicoite as well.

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17

Mineely, PJ. "Thermal Decomposition of Some Iron(III) Chromates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 2 (1988): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880263.

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The thermal decomposition of the chromates FeOHCrO4, KFe3(CrO4)2(OH)6, Fe2(CrO4)3.H2O and Fe2(CrO4)3.3H2O have been studied by thermal analysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The possible presence of Fe2O(CrO4)2 as a second phase formed during the decomposition is discussed. Final products in all reactions were oxides of iron(III) and chromium(III). In addition K2Cr2O7 Was present in the reaction products for KFe3(CrO4)2(OH)6.

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18

Jakoubková, Marie, and Josef Pola. "CO2 laser induced decomposition of propylene oxide." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 10 (1990): 2455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19902455.

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The continuous-wave (cw) CO2 laser induced decomposition of propylene oxide yields propanal, propanone and methyl vinyl ether as primary isomerization products. The absence of allylol and great amounts of ethene among products of ensuing fragmentation of primary products make the reaction different from conventional thermal decomposition of propylene oxide. CW CO2 laser induced decomposition of methyl vinyl ether affords propanal as isomerization product and shows thermal interconvertibility of propylene oxide and methyl vinyl ether.

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19

Kopylov, N. I. "Chemical, phase composition and properties of products of thermal decomposition of coal of Tavantolgoy deposit of Mongolia." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 95, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019ch3/88-95.

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20

Inoue, H., T. Nakazawa, T. Mitsuhashi, T. Shirai, and E. Fluck. "Characterization of Prussian blue and its thermal decomposition products." Hyperfine Interactions 46, no. 1-4 (March 1989): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02398265.

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21

Uchiyama, Shigehisa, Mayumi Noguchi, Ayana Sato, Miho Ishitsuka, Yohei Inaba, and Naoki Kunugita. "Determination of Thermal Decomposition Products Generated from E-Cigarettes." Chemical Research in Toxicology 33, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00410.

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22

Knutsson, A., M. P. Johansson, P. O. Å. Persson, L. Hultman, and M. Odén. "Thermal decomposition products in arc evaporated TiAlN/TiN multilayers." Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 14 (October 6, 2008): 143110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2998588.

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23

Kopelev, N. S., A. I. Popov, and M. D. Val'kovskii. "Properties of the products of CsxFeO2+0.5x thermal decomposition." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 188, no. 2 (September 1994): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02164943.

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24

Vogt, Jürgen. "Thermal analysis of epoxy-resins: Identification of decomposition products." Thermochimica Acta 85 (April 1985): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(85)85611-2.

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25

Chen, P. C., W. Lo, and K. H. Hu. "Molecular structures of mononitroanilines and their thermal decomposition products." Theoretica Chimica Acta 95, no. 3-4 (March 1997): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02341695.

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26

Chen, P. C., W. Lo, and K. H. Hu. "Molecular structures of mononitroanilines and their thermal decomposition products." Theoretica Chimica Acta 95, no. 3 (1997): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002140050187.

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27

Mahapatra, Sipra, T. P. Prasad, K. K. Rao, and R. Nayak. "Thermal decomposition of hydrolysis products of Fe(OH)SO4." Thermochimica Acta 161, no. 2 (May 1990): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)80309-m.

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28

Johnston, P. K., E. Doyle, and R. A. Orzel. "Acrylics: A Literature Review of Thermal Decomposition Products and Toxicity." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 2 (March 1988): 139–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809014519.

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A comprehensive literature review on the thermal decomposition products and combustion toxicity of acrylics is presented. The types of products produced by the thermal decomposition of acrylic polymers vary widely. At lower temperatures, simple methacrylate polymers are degraded almost entirely to monomer, whereas simple acrylate polymers are degraded primarily to chain fragments and the alcohols corresponding to the ester groups. More complex methacrylate and acrylate polymers appear to be degraded primarily to the olefins corresponding to the ester groups. The major products formed through the thermal decomposition of polyacrylonitrile include HCN, NH3, CO, CO2, and various nitrile compounds. The decomposition of acrylonitrile copolymers (e.g., acrylic and modacrylic fibers) can result in the release of additional compounds. In general, modacrylic combustion products appear to be more acutely toxic than those of other acrylic materials tested or wood. Modacrylic produced a shorter time to incapacitation and time to death than poly(methyl methacrylate) in the FAA test, and, in the NBS test, the LC50 was more than fivefold lower than that for polyacrylonitrile. In addition, the LC50 of modacrylic in the University of Pittsburgh test was an order of magnitude lower than that for the standard test material, Douglas fir.

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29

Kinsella, Karen, James R. Markham, Chad M. Nelson, and Thomas R. Burkholder. "Thermal Decomposition Products of Fiberglass Composites: A Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis." Journal of Fire Sciences 15, no. 2 (March 1997): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419701500203.

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Decomposition products of fiberglass composites used in construc tion were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. This bench-scale study concentrated on identification and quantification of toxic species. Identifying compounds evolved during thermal decomposition provides data to develop early fire detection systems as well as evaluate product fire safety performance. Material fire behavior depends on many factors. Ventila tion, radiant heat flux, and chemical composition are three factors that can be modeled. Physical observations of composites during thermal decomposition with simultaneous identification and quantification of evolved gases offer re searchers in both material development and fire safety an advancement in the state-of-the-art for material testing. Gas analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy iden tified toxic effluent species over a wide range of composite exposure tempera tures (100 to 1000 ° C), during pyrolysis and combustion. Fiberglass composites with melamine, epoxy, and silicone resins were profiled. Formaldehyde, meth anol, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, methane, and benzene were identified by the spectral analysis prior to physical evidence of decomposition. Toxic concen trations of formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, ammonia, and hydro gen cyanide were observed as thermal decomposition progressed.

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30

Tao, Neng, Changcheng Liu, Haoran Xing, Song Lu, Siuming Lo, and Heping Zhang. "Experimental and Density Functional Theory Studies on 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-Butene Pyrolysis." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173799.

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A series of thermal decomposition experiments were conducted over a temperature range of 873–1073 K to evaluate the thermal stability of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz(Z)) and the production of hydrogen fluoride (HF). According to the detected products and experimental phenomena, the thermal decomposition of HFO-1336mzz(Z) could be divided into three stages. Our experimental results showed that HF concentration gradually increased with the elevation of thermal decomposition temperature. In this present study, a total of seven chemical reaction pathways of HFO-1336mzz(Z) pyrolysis were proposed to explore the generated mechanism on products through density functional theory (DFT) with M06-2X/6-311++(d,p) level theory. The thermal decomposition mechanism of pure HFO-1336mzz(Z) was discussed and the possible formation pathways of HF and other main products were proposed.

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31

Johnston, P. K., E. Doyle, and R. A. Orzel. "Phenolics: A Literature Review of Thermal Decomposition Products and Toxicity." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 2 (March 1988): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809014520.

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A comprehensive literature review on the thermal decomposition products and combustion toxicity of phenolics is presented. The major decomposition products of phenolics appear to be CO, CO2, H2O, and methane. Smaller quantities of H2, formaldehyde, and other volatile organics, including phenol, methylphenols, and dimethylphenols, also appear to be produced. The types and quantities of thermal decomposition products and the temperatures at which they are produced depend on numerous factors, including the resin structure and formulation and the conditions of degradation. Phenolics produced products that were indicated to be more acutely toxic than other cellular plastics tested by one researcher and were described as “more toxic than wood” by another researcher. Carbon monoxide appears to be the major toxicant produced by the combustion of phenolics. Sensory irritation as indicated by reduced respiratory rate may be due to formaldehyde production; however, sensory irritation is lower than that produced by wood.

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32

Yang, Chang Yan, Yun Wei, Fa Bin Ye, Yi Gang Ding, and Yuan Xin Wu. "Effect of Additives on Thermal Decomposition of Phosphogypsum." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.735.

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The effect of different additives on thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum was investigated by means of a thermogravimetry coupled with a Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. These additives included C, CaO, Al2O3 and S. The temperature of thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum is about 1100~1320°C without any additives under the background of nitrogen. The temperature of the thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum decreased obviously with the addition of CaO, C and S. No influence was found for the thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum with the addition of Al2O3. As one of evolved products from the thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum, SO2 production was discussed.

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33

Trif, László, Fernanda P. Franguelli, György Lendvay, Eszter Majzik, Kende Béres, Laura Bereczki, Imre M. Szilágyi, Rajandra P. Pawar, and László Kótai. "Thermal analysis of solvatomorphic decakis (dimethylammonium) dihydrogendodecatungstate hydrates." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 144, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10494-4.

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AbstractThis study aims to describe the thermal decomposition of two solvatomorphs of decakis(dimethylammonium) dihydrogendodecatungstate ((Me2NH2)10H2W12O42·10H2O and 11 H2O) under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. Thermal studies have been done by TG-MS, TG-DSC-MS, XRD and IR methods in both synthetic air and helium atmospheres. The general characteristics of thermal decomposition are similar for both solvatomorphs. Minor differences could be observed in the resolution and shifting of the decomposition peak temperatures depending on the heating rate or atmosphere used. The first step of decomposition is endothermic in both atmospheres and involves 2 and 5 water molecule elimination with ~ 150 and ~ 120 °C peak temperatures for the decahydrate and undecahydrate, respectively. The elimination of further water and dimethylamine was observed with increasing the temperature, as well as the disruption of the lattice of compounds. Until 300 °C, these processes are endothermic in both atmospheres, and the further decomposition processes at higher temperatures are left endothermic in helium, but become exothermic in synthetic air atmosphere. In helium atmosphere, above 350 °C, a solid-phase quasi-intramolecular redox reaction takes place when the dimethylamine degradation products react with the W=O bonds with formation of oxidative coupling products of the organic fragments and reduced tungsten oxide with WO~2.93 composition. In synthetic air, above 350 °C, burning of organic fragments takes place, there are no oxidative coupling products and reduced tungsten oxide formation, and the end product of decomposition is monoclinic WO3.

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34

de Bakker, P. M. A., E. De Grave, R. E. Vandenberghe, L. H. Bowen, R. J. Pollard, and R. M. Persoons. "Mössbauer study of the thermal decomposition of lepidocrocite and characterization of the decomposition products." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 18, no. 2 (August 1991): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00216606.

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35

Domonov, Denis P., and S. I. Pechenyuk. "Thermal decomposition of double complex compounds of 3D metals." Herald of Kola Science Centre of the RAS 12, no. 3-2020 (October 10, 2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5228.2020.12.3.001.

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The paper is devoted to the study of thermolysis of double complex compounds (DCС) of metalsin the I transition series. 30 DCСwith various combinations of metal-central atoms (Co-Fe, Cu-Fe, Ni-Fe Cr-Fe, Cr-Co,) and ligands (ammonia, urea (ur), ethylenediamine (en), 1,3-diaminopropane (tn), cyanide, oxalate and nitrite anions) were synthesized and characterized. A complete study of the thermal proper-ties of these DCCs in three atmospheres was carried out: oxidizing (air), inert (Ar, N2, partly He) and re-ducing (H2), in the temperature range of 20–1000°Cand at constant heating rate of 10°C/min. The solid and gaseous thermolysis products were studied. In the air solid thermolysis products are represented by mixtures of central ions oxides or mixed oxides of the MIMII2O4type. The main gaseous products of thermolysis underthe temperature below 300°Cinclude NH3, HNCO (for urea DCС) and HCN (for cya-nocomplexes), and above 300°C —СО2. In addition, undecomposed ligands, CO, nitrogen oxides and probably nitrogen are presented in the gas phase. Thermolysis of the studied DCCgoesin the most com-plex way in inert atmospheres. Solid thermolysis products are heterogeneous mixtures of metals (Cu, Fe), solid solutions of CoxFe1-x, Ni3Fe intermetallic compounds, oxides, carbides and nitrides of central ions and amorphous carbon; the content of the latter reaches 58% of the initial content in the complex. The gaseous products of thermolysis include the same compounds, except for CO2, as in the atmosphere of air, but also in different ratios. In an H2atmosphere, all studied DCCs, except Cr-containing ones, are re-duced to the sum of central ions —Cu + Fe or solid solutions Co-Fe and Ni-Fe, practically free of carbon. Gaseous products are the same as in an inert atmosphere, butan increased yield of NH3and a reduced yield of CO2and/or HCN speak in favor of partial hydrogenation of the ligands to hydrocarbons. A review of the catalytic properties of solid products of DCC thermolysis (~170 samples) showed that about 1/3 of themare active in model reactions (catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, thermal decomposi-tion of ammonium perchlorate).

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36

Sozinov, S. A., L. V. Sotnikova, A. N. Popova, and L. M. Hitsova. "Thermal-Decomposition Products of Hexane-Insoluble Asphaltenes from Coal Pitch." Coke and Chemistry 61, no. 11 (November 2018): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x1811008x.

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37

Antoš, K., and J. Sedlář. "Influence of brominated flame retardant thermal decomposition products on HALS." Polymer Degradation and Stability 90, no. 1 (October 2005): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.03.008.

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38

Altarawneh, Mohammednoor, Anam Saeed, Mohammad Al-Harahsheh, and Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski. "Thermal decomposition of brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Products and mechanisms." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 70 (January 2019): 212–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.10.004.

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39

Beirakhov, A. G., A. V. Rotov, N. N. Efimov, E. G. Il’in, and A. E. Gekhman. "Thermal Stability and Products of Decomposition of Hydroxylaminate Uranyl Complexes." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 64, no. 2 (February 2019): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023619020025.

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40

Barontini, Federica, Katia Marsanich, Luigi Petarca, and Valerio Cozzani. "Thermal Degradation and Decomposition Products of Electronic Boards Containing BFRs." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 12 (June 2005): 4186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie048766l.

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41

L’abbé, (The late) Gerrit, Leonard K. Dyall, Kathleen Meersman, and Wim Dehaen. "Rates and Products of the Thermal Decomposition of 5-Azidoisothiazoles." Journal of Chemical Research, no. 7 (1997): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a701866e.

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42

Ilhan, Sedat, Cem Kahruman, and Ibrahim Yusufoglu. "Characterization of the thermal decomposition products of ammonium phosphomolybdate hydrate." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 78, no. 2 (March 2007): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.09.009.

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43

Simionescu, Cr I., C. Vasile, P. Onu, M. Sabliovschi, G. Moroi, V. Barboiu, D. Ganju, and M. Florea. "Modification in thermal decomposition products of polymers by catalytic pyrolysis." Thermochimica Acta 134 (October 1988): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(88)85251-1.

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44

Zhang, Qing, Ahmed S. M. Saleh, Jing Chen, Peiran Sun, and Qun Shen. "Monitoring of thermal behavior and decomposition products of soybean oil." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 115, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-013-3283-0.

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45

Williams, Brent J., Yaping Zhang, Xiaochen Zuo, Raul E. Martinez, Michael J. Walker, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Allen H. Goldstein, Kenneth S. Docherty, and Jose L. Jimenez. "Organic and inorganic decomposition products from the thermal desorption of atmospheric particles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 1569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1569-2016.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol composition is often analyzed using thermal desorption techniques to evaporate samples and deliver organic or inorganic molecules to various designs of detectors for identification and quantification. The organic aerosol (OA) fraction is composed of thousands of individual compounds, some with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functionality and, often contains oligomeric material, much of which may be susceptible to decomposition upon heating. Here we analyze thermal decomposition products as measured by a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) capable of separating thermal decomposition products from thermally stable molecules. The TAG impacts particles onto a collection and thermal desorption (CTD) cell, and upon completion of sample collection, heats and transfers the sample in a helium flow up to 310 °C. Desorbed molecules are refocused at the head of a gas chromatography column that is held at 45 °C and any volatile decomposition products pass directly through the column and into an electron impact quadrupole mass spectrometer. Analysis of the sample introduction (thermal decomposition) period reveals contributions of NO+ (m/z 30), NO2+ (m/z 46), SO+ (m/z 48), and SO2+ (m/z 64), derived from either inorganic or organic particle-phase nitrate and sulfate. CO2+ (m/z 44) makes up a major component of the decomposition signal, along with smaller contributions from other organic components that vary with the type of aerosol contributing to the signal (e.g., m/z 53, 82 observed here for isoprene-derived secondary OA). All of these ions are important for ambient aerosol analyzed with the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), suggesting similarity of the thermal desorption processes in both instruments. Ambient observations of these decomposition products compared to organic, nitrate, and sulfate mass concentrations measured by an AMS reveal good correlation, with improved correlations for OA when compared to the AMS oxygenated OA (OOA) component. TAG signal found in the traditional compound elution time period reveals higher correlations with AMS hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) combined with the fraction of OOA that is less oxygenated. Potential to quantify nitrate and sulfate aerosol mass concentrations using the TAG system is explored through analysis of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate standards. While chemical standards display a linear response in the TAG system, redesorptions of the CTD cell following ambient sample analysis show some signal carryover on sulfate and organics, and new desorption methods should be developed to improve throughput. Future standards should be composed of complex organic/inorganic mixtures, similar to what is found in the atmosphere, and perhaps will more accurately account for any aerosol mixture effects on compositional quantification.

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Williams, B. J., Y. Zhang, X. Zuo, R. E. Martinez, M. J. Walker, N. M. Kreisberg, A. H. Goldstein, K. S. Docherty, and J. L. Jimenez. "Organic and inorganic decomposition products from the thermal desorption of atmospheric particles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 12 (December 18, 2015): 13377–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-13377-2015.

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Abstract:

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol composition is often analyzed using thermal desorption techniques to evaporate samples and deliver organic or inorganic molecules to various designs of detectors for identification and quantification. The organic aerosol (OA) fraction is composed of thousands of individual compounds, some with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functionality, and often contains oligomeric material, much of which may be susceptible to decomposition upon heating. Here we analyze thermal decomposition products as measured by a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) capable of separating thermal decomposition products from thermally stable molecules. The TAG impacts particles onto a collection and thermal desorption (CTD) cell, and upon completion of sample collection, heats and transfers the sample in a helium flow up to 310 °C. Desorbed molecules are refocused at the head of a GC column that is held at 45 °C and any volatile decomposition products pass directly through the column and into an electron impact quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). Analysis of the sample introduction (thermal decomposition) period reveals contributions of NO+ (m/z 30), NO2+ (m/z 46), SO+ (m/z 48), and SO2+ (m/z 64), derived from either inorganic or organic particle-phase nitrate and sulfate. CO2+ (m/z 44) makes up a major component of the decomposition signal, along with smaller contributions from other organic components that vary with the type of aerosol contributing to the signal (e.g., m/z 53, 82 observed here for isoprene-derived secondary OA). All of these ions are important for ambient aerosol analyzed with the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), suggesting similarity of the thermal desorption processes in both instruments. Ambient observations of these decomposition products compared to organic, nitrate, and sulfate mass concentrations measured by an AMS reveal good correlation, with improved correlations for OA when compared to the AMS oxygenated OA (OOA) component. TAG signal found in the traditional compound elution time period reveals higher correlations with AMS hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) combined with the fraction of OOA that is less oxygenated. Potential to quantify nitrate and sulfate aerosol mass concentrations using the TAG system is explored through analysis of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate standards. While chemical standards display a linear response in the TAG system, re-desorptions of the CTD cell following ambient sample analysis shows some signal carryover on sulfate and organics, and new desorption methods should be developed to improve throughput. Future standards should be composed of complex organic/inorganic mixtures, similar to what is found in the atmosphere, and perhaps will more accurately account for any aerosol mixture effects on compositional quantification.

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Sheng, Su, Shengming Jin, and Kuixin Cui. "Thermal Decomposition of Nanostructured Bismuth Subcarbonate." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194287.

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Nanostructured (BiO)2CO3 samples were prepared, and their thermal decomposition behaviors were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under atmospheric conditions. The method of preparation and Ca2+ doping could affect the morphologies of products and quantity of defects, resulting in different thermal decomposition mechanisms. The (BiO)2CO3 nanoplates decomposed at 300–500 °C with an activation energy of 160–170 kJ/mol. Two temperature zones existed in the thermal decomposition of (BiO)2CO3 and Ca-(BiO)2CO3 nanowires. The first one was caused by the decomposition of (BiO)4(OH)2CO3 impurities and (BiO)2CO3 with surface defects, with an activation energy of 118–223 kJ/mol, whereas the second one was attributed to the decomposition of (BiO)2CO3 in the core of nanowires, with an activation energy of 230–270 kJ/mol for the core of (BiO)2CO3 nanowires and 210–223 kJ/mol for the core of Ca-(BiO)2CO3 nanowires. Introducing Ca2+ ions into (BiO)2CO3 nanowires improved their thermal stability and accelerated the decomposition of (BiO)2CO3 in the decomposition zone.

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Czech, Zbigniew, Robert Pełech, and Krzysztof Zych. "Thermal decomposition of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0036-8.

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Thermal decomposition of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives The general aim of this article is to review the state of knowledge on pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) and pyrolysis. Recent research data in the field of pyrolysis gas- chromatography (Py-GC) analysis of acrylic PSAs are presented. First, PSA characteristics and applications, pyrolysis (including Py-GC) as an analytical method, and system solutions, are described. The latest scientific achievements in the analysis of thermal degradation products of acrylic PSAs are then presented.

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Cong, Zhang, Chen Xiang, Hu Yongpeng, Bai Yang, Guo Zhaoqi, Fan Daidi, and Ma Haixia. "A series of guanidine salts of 3,6-bis-nitroguanyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: green nitrogen-rich gas-generating agent." RSC Advances 10, no. 60 (2020): 36287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06766k.

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Atamanov, M., R. Amrousse, J. Jandosov, K. Hori, A. Kerimkulova, D. Chenchik, and B. Kolesnikov. "Combustion Characteristics of HAN-based Green Propellant Assisted with Nanoporous Active Carbons." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj665.

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Combustion of hydroxylammonium nitrate (95 wt.% HAN) ‒ water solution in presence of high specific surface area activated carbons is investigated in a constant-pressure bomb within the pressure range of 1‒6 MPa. The linear burning rate increased for the system of HAN admixed with activated carbons compared to those of the HAN alone. Moreover, the thermal decomposition of HAN (95 wt.%) ‒ water solution spiked with activated carbons was assessed by DTA – TG method. In the presence of activated carbons, the ability to trigger the decomposition at a lower temperature (86 °C vs 185 °C) was observed. The volatile products formed in the course of thermal decomposition of HAN, spiked with activated carbons were characterized by electron ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Primary products of HAN decomposition: m/z = 33 (NH2OH) and m/z = 63 (HNO3), which are further responsible for the formation of secondary products such as N2O, NO, HNO2, NO2, O2 etc. Significant reduction of NOx emissions during thermal decomposition of HAN (95 wt.%) ‒ water solution was observed (ca. 30%) in presence of activated carbons.

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