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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermal Evolution Comets'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Blum, Jürgen, Dorothea Bischoff, and Bastian Gundlach. "Formation of Comets." Universe 8, no. 7 (2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8070381.

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Questions regarding how primordial or pristine the comets of the solar system are have been an ongoing controversy. In this review, we describe comets’ physical evolution from dust and ice grains in the solar nebula to the contemporary small bodies in the outer solar system. This includes the phases of dust agglomeration, the formation of planetesimals, their thermal evolution and the outcomes of collisional processes. We use empirical evidence about comets, in particular from the Rosetta Mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, to draw conclusions about the possible thermal and collisional

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2

Seiferlin, K., T. Spohn, and J. Benkhoff. "Cometary ice texture and the thermal evolution of comets." Advances in Space Research 15, no. 10 (1995): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)00148-t.

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Gkotsinas, Anastasios, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Sean N. Raymond, and David Nesvorny. "Thermal Processing of Jupiter-family Comets during Their Chaotic Orbital Evolution." Astrophysical Journal 928, no. 1 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54ac.

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Abstract Evidence for cometary activity beyond Jupiter’s and Saturn’s orbits—such as that observed for Centaurs and long-period comets—suggests that the thermal processing of comet nuclei starts long before they enter the inner solar system, where they are typically observed and monitored. Such observations raise questions as to the depth of unprocessed material and whether the activity of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) can be representative of any primitive material. Here we model the coupled thermal and dynamical evolution of JFCs, from the moment they leave their outer solar system reservoirs

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Rigley, Jessica K., and Mark C. Wyatt. "Comet fragmentation as a source of the zodiacal cloud." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 1 (2021): 834–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3482.

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ABSTRACT Models of the zodiacal cloud’s thermal emission and sporadic meteoroids suggest Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) as the dominant source of interplanetary dust. However, comet sublimation is insufficient to sustain the quantity of dust presently in the inner Solar system, suggesting that spontaneous disruptions of JFCs may supply the zodiacal cloud. We present a model for the dust produced in comet fragmentations and its evolution. Using results from dynamical simulations, the model follows individual comets drawn from a size distribution as they evolve and undergo recurrent splitting even

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Mumma, Michael J. "Organics In Comets." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 161 (January 1997): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100014640.

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AbstractThe birth-endowed organic fraction of the newly formed (hot) Earth was destroyed by thermal decomposition during the cooling epoch. After Earth cooled sufficiently, an early organic inventory was likely replenished by the impact of comets and asteroids — a process which continues even today. The present organic composition of comets and asteroids can provide information relevant to this secondary organic seeding of the planets, for comparison with scenarios leading to self-replicating organic entities. Although impacts no longer deliver organics in significant quantities, compared with

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Gkotsinas, Anastasios, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, and Sean N. Raymond. "On Averaging Eccentric Orbits: Implications for the Long-term Thermal Evolution of Comets." Astronomical Journal 165, no. 2 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acaafd.

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Abstract One of the common approximations in long-term evolution studies of small bodies is the use of circular orbits averaging the actual eccentric ones, facilitating the coupling of processes with very different timescales, such as the orbital changes and the thermal processing. Here we test a number of averaging schemes for elliptic orbits in the context of the long-term evolution of comets, aiming to identify the one that best reproduces the elliptic orbits’ heating patterns and the surface and subsurface temperature distributions. We use a simplified thermal evolution model applied on si

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Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Anastasios Gkotsinas, Sean N. Raymond, and David Nesvorny. "The Gateway from Centaurs to Jupiter-family Comets: Thermal and Dynamical Evolution." Astrophysical Journal 942, no. 2 (2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaa3a.

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Abstract It was recently proposed that there exists a “gateway” in the orbital parameter space through which Centaurs transition to Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Further studies have implied that the majority of objects that eventually evolve into JFCs should leave the Centaur population through this gateway. This may be naively interpreted as gateway Centaurs being pristine progenitors of JFCs. This is the point we want to address in this work. We show that the opposite is true: gateway Centaurs are, on average, more thermally processed than the rest of the population of Centaurs crossing Jup

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Kwon, Yuna G., Ludmilla Kolokolova, Jessica Agarwal, and Johannes Markkanen. "An update of the correlation between polarimetric and thermal properties of cometary dust." Astronomy & Astrophysics 650 (June 2021): L7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141199.

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Context. Comets are conglomerates of ice and dust particles, the latter of which encode information on changes in the radiative and thermal environments. Dust displays distinctive scattered and thermal radiation in the visible and mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths, respectively, based on its inherent characteristics. Aims. We aim to identify a possible correlation between the properties of scattered and thermal radiation from dust and the principal dust characteristics responsible for this relationship, and therefrom gain insights into comet evolution. Methods. We use the NASA/PDS archival polari

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Klinger, J. "Physical Properties of Frozen Volatiles–Their Relevance to the Study of Comet Nuclei." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, no. 1 (1989): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100109704.

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AbstractThe structural and thermodynamical properties of water ice and ice mixtures containing CO, CO2, CH4, and NH3 are thought to be important for the evolution of cometary nuclei. Based on recent laboratory studies performed by several groups, an overview is given of the properties of various ices condensed at low temperatures and of their evolution during heating up to a temperature of about 200 K, typical of the perihelion temperature of a comet such as P/Halley. It is shown that the porous surface of amorphous water ice plays an important role in the retention of other volatiles. The kin

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Heggy, Essam, Elizabeth M. Palmer, Alain Hérique, Wlodek Kofman, and M. Ramy El-Maarry. "Post-rendezvous radar properties of comet 67P/CG from the Rosetta Mission: understanding future Earth-based radar observations and the dynamical evolution of comets." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 2 (2019): 1667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2174.

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ABSTRACT Radar observations provide crucial insights into the formation and dynamical evolution of comets. This ability is constrained by our knowledge of the dielectric and textural properties of these small-bodies. Using several observations by Rosetta as well as results from the Earth-based Arecibo radio telescope, we provide an updated and comprehensive dielectric and roughness description of Comet 67P/CG, which can provide new constraints on the radar properties of other nuclei. Furthermore, contrary to previous assumptions of cometary surfaces being dielectrically homogeneous and smooth,

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Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Selma Benseguane, Laurine Martinien, et al. "Pits on Jupiter-family Comets and the Age of Cometary Surfaces." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 11 (2023): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad083a.

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Abstract Large and deep depressions, also known as pits, are observed at the surface of all Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) imaged by spacecraft missions. They offer the opportunity to glimpse the subsurface characteristics of comet nuclei and study the complex interplay between surface structures and cometary activity. This work investigates the evolution of pits at the surface of 81P/Wild 2, 9P/Tempel 1, and 103P/Hartley 2, in continuation of the work by Benseguane et al. on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Pits are selected across the surface of each nucleus, and high-resolution shape models are use

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Jindal, Abhinav S., Samuel P. D. Birch, Alexander G. Hayes, et al. "Topographically Influenced Evolution of Large-scale Changes in Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko's Imhotep Region." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 8 (2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac7e48.

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Abstract Large portions of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s northern hemisphere are blanketed by fallback material consisting of centimeter-sized particles termed the smooth terrains. Observations from the Rosetta mission show that the most drastic transient changes during 67P’s 2015 perihelion passage occurred within a subset of these deposits. However, we still do not understand the processes driving these changes, limiting our overall understanding of how comets evolve over both seasonal and multiorbit timescales. Herein we provide a complete documentation of scarp-driven activity on 67P’s

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Rezac, L., and Y. Zhao. "Accuracy of view factor calculations for digital terrain models of comets and asteroids." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038462.

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Context. Detailed shape and topographic models coupled with sophisticated thermal physics are critical elements to proper characterization of surfaces of small bodies in our solar system. Calculations of self-heating effects are especially important in the context of thermal evolution of non-convex surfaces, including craters, cracks, or openings between “rocks”. Aims. Our aim is to provide quantitative comparisons of multiple numerical methods for computing view factors for concave geometries and provide a more rigorous criteria for the validity of their application. Methods. We contrasted fi

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Marov, M. Ya, A. V. Rusol, and V. A. Dorofeeva. "Numerical Simulation of the Long-Term Thermal Evolution of the Nuclei of Short-Period Comets Using the Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as an Example." Doklady Physics 64, no. 1 (2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335819010063.

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15

Jones, A. P., and N. Ysard. "The essential elements of dust evolution." Astronomy & Astrophysics 627 (June 27, 2019): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935532.

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Context. There remain many open questions relating to the depletion of elements into dust, e.g., exactly how are C and O incorporated into dust in dense clouds and, in particular, what drives the disappearance of oxygen in the denser interstellar medium? Aims. This work is, in part, an attempt to explain the apparently anomalous incorporation of O atoms into dust in dense clouds. Methods. We re-visit the question of the depletion of the elements incorporated into the carbonaceous component of interstellar dust, i.e., C, H, O, N and S, in the light of recent analyses of the organics in comets,

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Courville, Samuel W., Julie C. Castillo-Rogez, Mohit Melwani Daswani, Elodie Gloesener, Mathieu Choukroun, and Joseph G. O’Rourke. "Timing and Abundance of Clathrate Formation Control Ocean Evolution in Outer Solar System Bodies: Challenges of Maintaining a Thick Ocean within Pluto." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 9 (2023): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acf377.

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Abstract Clathrate hydrates may represent a sizable fraction of material within the icy shells of Kuiper Belt objects and icy moons. They influence the chemical and thermal evolution of subsurface oceans by locking volatiles into the ice shell and by providing more thermal insulation than pure water ice. We model the formation of these crystalline compounds in conditions relevant to outer solar system objects, using Pluto as an example. Although Pluto may have hosted a thick ocean in its early history, Pluto’s overall heat budget is probably insufficient to preserve liquid today if its outer s

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Golabek, Gregor J., and Martin Jutzi. "Modification of icy planetesimals by early thermal evolution and collisions: Constraints for formation time and initial size of comets and small KBOs." Icarus 363 (July 2021): 114437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114437.

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Hughes, A. Meredith, Gaspard Duchêne, and Brenda C. Matthews. "Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 56, no. 1 (2018): 541–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-052035.

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Debris disks are tenuous, dust-dominated disks commonly observed around stars over a wide range of ages. Those around main sequence stars are analogous to the Solar System's Kuiper Belt and zodiacal light. The dust in debris disks is believed to be continuously regenerated, originating primarily with collisions of planetesimals. Observations of debris disks provide insight into the evolution of planetary systems; and the composition of dust, comets, and planetesimals outside the Solar System; as well as placing constraints on the orbital architecture and potentially the masses of exoplanets th

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Cordiner, Martin, Alexander Thelen, Thibault Cavalie, et al. "Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Planetary and cometary atmospheres." Open Research Europe 4 (April 24, 2024): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17473.1.

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The study of planets and small bodies within our Solar System is fundamental for understanding the formation and evolution of the Earth and other planets. Compositional and meteorological studies of the giant planets provide a foundation for understanding the nature of the most commonly observed exoplanets, while spectroscopic observations of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets, moons, and comets provide insights into the past and present-day habitability of planetary environments, and the availability of the chemical ingredients for life. While prior and existing (sub)millimeter observatio

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Biele, Jens, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, and Jörg Knollenberg. "Mechanical Properties of Cometary Surfaces." Universe 8, no. 9 (2022): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8090487.

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Mechanical properties, in particular, strength (tensile, shear, compressive) and porosity, are important parameters for understanding the evolution and activity of comets. However, they are notoriously difficult to measure. Unfortunately, neither Deep Impact nor other comet observations prior to Rosetta provided firm data on the strength of cometary material. This changed with the Rosetta mission and its detailed close observation data and with the landing(s) of Philae in 2014. There are already many articles and reviews in the literature that derive or compile many different strength values f

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Ehrenfreund, P., and W. A. Schutte. "Infrared Observations of Interstellar Ices." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 197 (2000): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164745.

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In the recent years revolutionary results concerning the nature of icy dust particles have been obtained with the help of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and ground based observations. To date interstellar ice features of H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH4, H2CO, OCS and HCOOH as well as other minor species are observed. Interstellar grains act as important catalysts in the interstellar medium. Processes such as UV irradiation, cosmic ray processing and temperature variations determine the grain mantle growth and chemical evolution. ISO has revealed that ice segregation is an important and ubiquito

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Hiraoka, K., T. Sato, and T. Takayama. "Laboratory Simulation of Chemical Reactions in Interstellar Ices." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 197 (2000): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164873.

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The reactions of H atoms with solid thin films at 10 K were studied by using thermal desorption mass spectrometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. The N, C, and O atoms trapped in solid matrices were converted efficiently to fully hydrogenated compounds. In the reaction of H atoms with a solid CO film, the formation of formaldehyde and methanol were confirmed. The relatively low yield of the reaction products suggests either the smaller rate constants of the H atom addition reactions to CO and/or the occurrence of the hydrogen abstraction reaction H + HCO → H2+ CO. The reactions of H atoms with thin fi

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Drouin, Brian J., Deacon J. Nemchick, Ananda Nole, et al. "Dual-band Fourier-transform Millimeter-wave Spectrometry for In Situ Gas Sensing." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 6 (2023): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acd348.

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Abstract The exploration of icy body composition in the solar system has often involved spectroscopic measurements of volatiles detected with remote sensing, such measurements portray materials naturally expelled from the surface that enter the exosphere and potentially escape into space. Variations in the ratio of deuterium and hydrogen in these measurements have led to inconclusive hypotheses regarding potential cometary origins of Earth’s ocean water and/or organics. Observational biases regarding unknown previous processing of the observable ejected materials necessitates studies of more d

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Haack, David, Katharina Otto, Bastian Gundlach, et al. "Tensile strength of dust-ice mixtures and their relevance as cometary analog material." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037763.

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Aims. The tensile strength of granular matter is of great importance to our understanding of the evolution of comets and to our attempts to reproduce processes on cometary surfaces in laboratory experiments. In this work, we investigate the tensile strength of three different materials and their mixtures, which can be used as cometary analog materials in the laboratory. Methods. We used two types of siliceous dusts and granular water ice whose polydisperse particles were either angular or spherical. Our samples were cooled to below 150 K to better simulate the conditions of a cometary surface

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Kruczkiewicz, F., J. Vitorino, E. Congiu, P. Theulé, and F. Dulieu. "Ammonia snow lines and ammonium salts desorption." Astronomy & Astrophysics 652 (August 2021): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140579.

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Context. The nitrogen reservoir in planetary systems is a long-standing problem. Some of the N-bearing molecules are probably incorporated into the ice bulk during the cold phases of the stellar evolution, and may be gradually released into the gas phase when the ice is heated, for example in active comets. The chemical nature of the N-reservoir should greatly influence how, when, and in what form N returns to the gas phase, or is incorporated into the refractory material forming planetary bodies. Aims. We present the study of the thermal desorption of two ammonium salts, ammonium formate and

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Klinger, J. "Thermal evolution of comet nuclei." Advances in Space Research 23, no. 7 (1999): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00042-3.

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Coulson, S. G. "On the deceleration of cometary fragments in aerogel." International Journal of Astrobiology 8, no. 1 (2008): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147355040800431x.

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AbstractDetermining the thermal history of the cometary grains captured by the Stardust mission presents a difficult problem. We consider two simplified models for the deceleration of hypervelocity particles captured in aerogel; both models assume a velocity squared drag force. The first model assumes that the mass of the particle remains constant during capture and the second that mass is lost due to ablation of the particle through interactions with the aerogel. It is found that the constant mass model adequately reproduces the track lengths, found from experiments by Hörz et al. in 2008, th

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Coletta, A., F. Fontani, V. M. Rivilla, et al. "Evolutionary study of complex organic molecules in high-mass star-forming regions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038212.

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We have studied four complex organic molecules (COMs), the oxygen-bearing methyl formate (CH3OCHO) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) as well as the nitrogen-bearing formamide (NH2CHO) and ethyl cyanide (C2H5CN), towards a large sample of 39 high-mass star-forming regions representing different evolutionary stages, from early to evolved phases. We aim to identify potential correlations and chemical links between the molecules and to trace their evolutionary sequence through the star formation process. We analysed spectra obtained at 3, 2, and 0.9 mm with the IRAM-30m telescope. We derived the main p

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Yang Yunkai, 杨云开, 成家霖 Cheng Jialin, 文宇杰 Wen Yujie, 申恒 Shen Heng, 闫智辉 Yan Zhihui та 贾晓军 Jia Xiaojun. "氮化硅微腔中光频梳的演化及热自稳定性分析". Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 60, № 11 (2023): 1106029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop230441.

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Cecchi-Pestellini, Cesare, Flavio Scappini, Rosalba Saija, et al. "On the formation and survival of complex prebiotic molecules in interstellar grain aggregates." International Journal of Astrobiology 3, no. 4 (2004): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550404001971.

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The aggregation of interstellar grains as a result of ballistic collisions produces loosely packed structures with much of their internal volume composed by vacuum (cavities). The molecular material present on the surfaces of the cavities gives rise to a series of reactions induced by cosmic rays, UV radiation, thermal shocks, etc., in high reducing conditions. Thus, a terrestrial type chemistry is given the possibility to evolve inside these cavities. The resulting products are different and of a wider range than those from gas-phase or surface chemistry in molecular clouds. Under conditions

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Ioppolo, S., Z. Kaňuchová, R. L. James, et al. "Vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy of space-related ices: 1 keV electron irradiation of nitrogen- and oxygen-rich ices." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935477.

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Context. Molecular oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone have been detected on some satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, as well as on comets. They are also expected to be present in ice-grain mantles within star-forming regions. The continuous energetic processing of icy objects in the Solar System induces physical and chemical changes within the ice. Laboratory experiments that simulate energetic processing (ions, photons, and electrons) of ices are therefore essential for interpreting and directing future astronomical observations. Aims. We provide vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption spectroscopic

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Espinasse, S., A. Coradini, M. T. Capria, et al. "Thermal evolution and differentiation of a short-period comet." Planetary and Space Science 41, no. 6 (1993): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(93)90001-i.

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Kouchi, A., J. M. Greenberg, T. Yamamoto, and T. Mukai. "Extremely low thermal conductivity of amorphous ice - Relevance to comet evolution." Astrophysical Journal 388 (April 1992): L73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/186333.

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Prialnik, Dina, Gal Sarid, Eric D. Rosenberg, and Rainer Merk. "Thermal and Chemical Evolution of Comet Nuclei and Kuiper Belt Objects." Space Science Reviews 138, no. 1-4 (2008): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9301-4.

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Rusol, Andrey V., and Vera A. Dorofeeva. "Thermal Evolution of the Nucleus of the Comet 67P for 120 Years: Numerical Simulations." Open Astronomy 27, no. 1 (2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2018-0030.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to estimate to what temperatures and to what depth the outer layers of the cometary nuclei are heated for several dozen revolutions around the Sun, and what changes in the composition of the volatiles occur in this case. This is important because it is not clear how much the experimentally obtained results on the composition of cometary comes depend on how long the comet is in the current orbit. Our approach to this problem is based on using 3D model of the geometry and dynamics of a cometary nucleus that takes into account the diurnal rotation and orienta

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Orosei, R., A. Coradini, M. C. De Sanctis, and C. Federico. "Collision-induced thermal evolution of a comet nucleus in the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt." Advances in Space Research 28, no. 10 (2001): 1563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00362-3.

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Alan Stern, S., James C. Green, Webster Cash, and Timothy A. Cook. "Helium and argon abundance constraints and the thermal evolution of Comet Austin (1989c1)." Icarus 95, no. 1 (1992): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(92)90198-g.

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Boehnhardt, Hermann, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Istvan Apathy, et al. "The Philae lander mission and science overview." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2097 (2017): 20160248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0248.

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The Philae lander accomplished the first soft landing and the first scientific experiments of a human-made spacecraft on the surface of a comet. Planned, expected and unexpected activities and events happened during the descent, the touch-downs, the hopping across and the stay and operations on the surface. The key results were obtained during 12–14 November 2014, at 3 AU from the Sun, during the 63 h long period of the descent and of the first science sequence on the surface. Thereafter, Philae went into hibernation, waking up again in late April 2015 with subsequent communication periods wit

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Sarid, Gal, Dina Prialnik, Karen J. Meech, Jana Pittichová, and Tony L. Farnham. "Thermal Evolution and Activity of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and Simulation of a Deep Impact." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 117, no. 834 (2005): 796–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/431657.

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Jia, Pan, Bruno Andreotti, and Philippe Claudin. "Giant ripples on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko sculpted by sunset thermal wind." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): 2509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612176114.

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Explaining the unexpected presence of dune-like patterns at the surface of the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko requires conceptual and quantitative advances in the understanding of surface and outgassing processes. We show here that vapor flow emitted by the comet around its perihelion spreads laterally in a surface layer, due to the strong pressure difference between zones illuminated by sunlight and those in shadow. For such thermal winds to be dense enough to transport grains—10 times greater than previous estimates—outgassing must take place through a surface porous granular layer, and tha

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Rickman, Hans. "The Thermal History and Structure of Cometary Nuclei." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, no. 2 (1991): 733–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012707.

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Abstract.Cometary nuclei are often considered to be the most primitive bodies of the solar system. Thus it is particularly important to find out what structural changes may have been brought about as a result of their thermal evolution. Is there reason to believe that the bulk composition of the nucleus of a present-day short-period comet may differ from that of the original planetesimal in the solar nebula? Apart from the development of a non-volatile surface layer (‘dust mantle’), what further depth-dependent differentiation can we expect in such a nucleus? These are the ultimate questions a

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Ibadinov, Kh I. "Covering of cometary nucleus by refractory crust and its evolution into asteroid-like body." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 173 (1999): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100031675.

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AbstractFrom the established dependence of the brightness decrease of a short-period comet dependence on the perihelion distance of its orbit it follows that part of the surface of these cometary nuclei gradually covers by a refractory crust. The results of cometary nucleus simulation show that at constant insolation energy the crust thickness is proportional to the square root of the insolation time and the ice sublimation rate is inversely proportional to the crust thickness. From laboratory experiments resulted the thermal regime, the gas productivity of the nucleus, covering of the nucleus

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De Sanctis, M. Cristina, M. Teresa Capria, Angioletta Coradini, and Eleonora Ammannito. "Thermal Evolution Models of the 9P/Tempel 1 Comet Nucleus for Interpreting the Deep Impact Results." Astronomical Journal 133, no. 4 (2007): 1836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/512053.

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Rivero, Juan Manuel, and Miguel Hermanns. "Modeling the time evolution of geothermal boreholes during peak heating and cooling demands." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (2021): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012101.

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Abstract A geothermal heat exchanger requires special care in its design when it comes to peak heating and cooling demands of the building as the installation may incur in material damages due to the extreme temperatures reached by the heat carrying liquid. The peak demands tend to last a few days at most and the theoretical model used to predict the thermal response of the geothermal heat exchanger has, therefore, to consider the thermal inertia of the heat carrying liquid, the grout, and the ground close to the boreholes. With this in mind, the present work discusses a theoretical model that

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Bar-Nun, Akiva, Eyal Heifetz, and Dina Prialnik. "Thermal evolution of Comet P/Tempel 1—Representing the group of targets for the CRAF and CNSR missions." Icarus 79, no. 1 (1989): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(89)90111-5.

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Myllys, M., P. Henri, M. Galand, et al. "Plasma properties of suprathermal electrons near comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with Rosetta." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (September 20, 2019): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834964.

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Context. The Rosetta spacecraft escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from 2014 to September 2016. The mission provided in situ observations of the cometary plasma during different phases of the cometary activity, which enabled us to better understand its evolution as a function of heliocentric distance. Aims. In this study, different electron populations, called warm and hot, observed by the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES) of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) are investigated near the comet during the escorting phase of the Rosetta mission. Methods. The estimates for the suprathermal elect

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Marov, M. Ya, A. V. Rusol, and V. A. Dorofeeva. "Numerical simulation of the long-term thermal evolution of the nuclei of short-period comets:using the nucleus of comet 67p/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as an example." Доклады Академии наук 484, no. 2 (2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524842150-155.

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Using numerical models, we have studied what depth of the outer layer the comet nuclei are degassed to when they are in orbits whose perihelion is close to the Sun for tens of years. The problem is topical, because it helps to understand how much the experimentally obtained results on the composition of comet comas depend on how long the comet is in its present-day orbit and how adequately the data obtained reflect the composition of comet nuclei as a whole. The proposed approach, which is demonstrated using comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as an example, is based on a 3D comet nucleus surface

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Markkanen, Johannes, and Jessica Agarwal. "Scattering, absorption, and thermal emission by large cometary dust particles: Synoptic numerical solution." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (November 2019): A164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936235.

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Context. Remote light scattering and thermal infrared observations provide clues about the physical properties of cometary and interplanetary dust particles. Identifying these properties will lead to a better understanding of the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Aims. We present a numerical solution for the radiative and conductive heat transport in a random particulate medium enclosed by an arbitrarily shaped surface. The method will be applied to study thermal properties of cometary dust particles. Methods. The recently introduced incoherent Monte Carlo radiative transfer method

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Kuppam, Poshan Kumar Reddy, K. M. M. D. K. Kimbulapitiya, Srikanth Vuppala, et al. "A Nickel Coated Copper Substrate as a Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst." Catalysts 12, no. 1 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12010058.

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Replacing precious metals with low-cost metals is the best solution for large scale production. Copper is known for its excellent conductivity and thermal management applications. When it comes to hydrogen evolution reaction, it is highly unstable, especially in KOH solution. In this paper, we approached a simple method to reduce corrosion and improve the performance by depositing nickel-molybdenum oxide and nickel on copper substrates and the achieved tafel slopes of 115 mV/dec and 117 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm2. While at first, molybdenum oxide coated samples showed better performance after 100 cyc

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Sherje, Dr Nitin. "Thermal Property Investigation in Nanolubricants via Nano- Scaled Particle Addition." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 10, no. 01 (2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v10i01.96.

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In nanolubricants, the increase in scholarly attention has been attributed to the affirmation that they exhibit enhanced thermo-physical features and that they can also be used in various thermal applications. Some of these applications where they could be incorporated include solar energy harvesting, industrial applications, and heat exchanger effectiveness enhancement. Recently, various approaches have been employed to enhance the coefficient of heat transfer, especially between the fluid contact surfaces and the working fluids. When it comes to conventional fluids of heat transfer, examples

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